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Rogers M, Kamath S, McManus D, Jones M, Gordon C, Navarro S. Schistosoma excretory/secretory products: an untapped library of tolerogenic immunotherapeutics against food allergy. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e70001. [PMID: 39221178 PMCID: PMC11359118 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.70001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) is considered the 'second wave' of the allergy epidemic in developed countries after asthma and allergic rhinitis with a steadily growing burden of 40%. The absence of early childhood pathogen stimulation embodied by the hygiene hypothesis is one explanation, and in particular, the eradication of parasitic helminths could be at play. Infections with parasites Schistosoma spp. have been found to have a negative correlation with allergic diseases. Schistosomes induce regulatory responses to evade immune detection and ensure their long-term survival. This is achieved via excretory/secretory (E/S) products, consisting of proteins, lipids, metabolites, nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles, representing an untapped therapeutic avenue for the treatment of FA without the unpleasant side-effects and risks associated with live infection. Schistosome-derived immunotherapeutic development is in its infancy and novel discoveries are heavily technology dependent; thus, it is essential to better understand how newly identified molecules interact with host immune systems to ensure safety and successful translation. This review will outline the identified Schistosoma-derived E/S products at all life cycle stages and discuss known mechanisms of action and their ability to suppress FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Rogers
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Sandip Kamath
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
| | - Donald McManus
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Malcolm Jones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Faculty of Science, School of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of QueenslandGattonQLDAustralia
| | - Catherine Gordon
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Severine Navarro
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
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2
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Costanzo G, Caruso C, Paoletti G, Baglivo I, Colantuono S, Bagnasco D, Caminati M, Giovannini M, Castagnoli R, Senna G, Sirena C, Tosca MA, Passalacqua G, Marseglia GL, Miraglia del Giudice M, Ciprandi G, Indolfi C, Barberi S, Landi M, Di Gioacchino M, Canonica GW, Heffler E. RIAIT (Italian Registry of Allergen Immunotherapy): Protocol for a New Tool in a New Vision of Disease-Modifying Therapy for Allergists. J Pers Med 2024; 14:854. [PMID: 39202045 PMCID: PMC11355798 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14080854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated responses to clinical parameters, but a significant proportion of allergy patients in real-life settings would have been excluded from such studies. Therefore, real-world research is needed, and there is a growing body of information on allergen immunotherapy's long-term effectiveness and safety. Real-world evidence can be a valuable instrument to better understand the patient's journey and the effectiveness and safety of therapies. For this purpose, a registry will be used for the first time in Italy to evaluate the impact of allergen immunotherapy on several outcomes, including quality of life and disease-related effects in the pediatric and adult allergic population with a socio-economic assessment and respect to real-world health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Costanzo
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.C.); (G.P.); (G.W.C.)
| | - Cristiano Caruso
- UOSD Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.C.); (G.P.); (G.W.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baglivo
- UOC Digestive Disease Center CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Colantuono
- UOSD DH Internal Medicine and Digestive Disease, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Diego Bagnasco
- UO Clinica Malattie Respiratorie e Allergologia, IRCCS-AOU San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (D.B.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento di medicina interna (DIMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Caminati
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona Integrated University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.C.); (G.L.M.)
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona Integrated University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Concetta Sirena
- Registro Italiano Allergen Immunotherapy (RIAIT), Via San Gregorio 12, 20124 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- UO Clinica Malattie Respiratorie e Allergologia, IRCCS-AOU San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (D.B.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento di medicina interna (DIMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.C.); (G.L.M.)
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.M.d.G.); (C.I.)
| | - Giorgio Ciprandi
- Allergy Clinic, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, 16145 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Indolfi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.M.d.G.); (C.I.)
| | | | - Massimo Landi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biology Treatments, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.C.); (G.P.); (G.W.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.C.); (G.P.); (G.W.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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Aarestrup FM, Taketomi EA, Santos Galvão CE, Alves GB, de Araújo Gueiros Lira GV, Gonçalves MR, Miziara MGC, Casado SSM, Pereira VAR, Solé D, Goudouris ES, Kuschnir FC. Transition between subcutaneous and sublingual allergen immunotherapy: Recommendations of the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology (ASBAI). THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100281. [PMID: 38975257 PMCID: PMC11226966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The use of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in Brazil has specific regional conditions owing to the pattern of allergen sensitization, as well as to genetic, socioeconomic, and cultural characteristics. This review article aims to discuss the clinical practice of AIT by the subcutaneous or sublingual route in Brazil, addressing the possibilities of transition between these forms of administration. A systematic review using the PubMed and Cochrane databases was performed, and the websites of major allergy and immunology organizations were consulted. Knowledge of the mechanism of action of subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy, together with Brazilian real-life experience, allowed us to establish recommendations regarding switching routes of AIT administration in selected cases. Careful analysis of each clinical situation is necessary to perform the transition between subcutaneous and sublingual allergen immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dirceu Solé
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Zettl I, Bauernfeind C, Kollárová J, Flicker S. Single-Domain Antibodies-Novel Tools to Study and Treat Allergies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7602. [PMID: 39062843 PMCID: PMC11277559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
IgE-mediated allergies represent a major health problem in the modern world. Apart from allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), the only disease-modifying treatment, researchers focus on biologics that target different key molecules such as allergens, IgE, or type 2 cytokines to ameliorate allergic symptoms. Single-domain antibodies, or nanobodies, are the newcomers in biotherapeutics, and their huge potential is being investigated in various research fields since their discovery 30 years ago. While they are dominantly applied for theranostics of cancer and treatment of infectious diseases, nanobodies have become increasingly substantial in allergology over the last decade. In this review, we discuss the prerequisites that we consider to be important for generating useful nanobody-based drug candidates for treating allergies. We further summarize the available research data on nanobodies used as allergen monitoring and detection probes and for therapeutic approaches. We reflect on the limitations that have to be addressed during the development process, such as in vivo half-life and immunogenicity. Finally, we speculate about novel application formats for allergy treatment that might be available in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Zettl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clarissa Bauernfeind
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jessica Kollárová
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Nakagome K, Nagata M. Allergen immunotherapy in asthma. Allergol Int 2024:S1323-8930(24)00056-X. [PMID: 38955611 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), including SCIT and SLIT, is a treatment that involves the administration of allergens to which patients with allergic diseases have been sensitized. HDM-SCIT for asthma is indicated in cases of HDM-sensitized allergic asthma with normal lung function. HDM-SCIT improves asthma symptoms and AHR, and decreases the medication dose. Importantly, AIT can improve other allergic diseases complicated by asthma, such as allergic rhinitis, which can also contribute to the improvement of asthma symptoms. Several studies have suggested that HDM-SLIT also attenuates the risk of asthma exacerbations, and improves lung function in asthma cases with allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, AIT can modify the natural course of allergic diseases, including asthma. For example, the effects of AIT are maintained for at least several years after treatment discontinuation. AIT can prevent the onset of asthma when introduced in allergic rhinitis, and can also inhibit or reduce new allergen sensitizations. Recent data have suggested that AIT may suppress non-targeted allergen-induced immune responses in addition to targeted allergen-induced responses, and suppress infections of the lower respiratory tract by enhancing IFN responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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6
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Conway AE, Kartha N, Maddukuri C, Shaker MS. Pearls for practice from the 2023 allergy immunology joint task force on practice parameters GRADE and institute of medicine based atopic dermatitis guidelines. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024:00008480-990000000-00199. [PMID: 38957084 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the updated 2023 Allergy Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters (JTFPP) GRADE and Institute of Medicine (IOM) Based Guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis. RECENT FINDINGS Topical corticosteroids and/or calcineurin inhibitors are recommended in individuals with atopic dermatitis refractory to moisturizer alone and may be used to maintain remission after acute flare control is achieved. Calcineurin inhibitors are a class of immunosuppressants used to effectively manage different autoimmune disorders. Bleach baths and allergen immunotherapy may be beneficial for individuals with moderate-to-severe disease, while elimination diets, azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate, and systemic corticosteroids are not recommended. Dupilumab is strongly recommended for refractory atopic dermatitis. Oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors carry significant risks; however, this class of medicines may be considered in cases of severe or refractory atopic dermatitis with intolerance to dupilumab. Patient preferences regarding cost, availability, feasibility, and tolerability should be integrated into all treatment plans using a shared decision-making approach. SUMMARY The 2023 JTFPP Atopic Dermatitis Guidelines offer up-to-date guidance for the management of atopic dermatitis of varying severity in infants, children, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navya Kartha
- Akron Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Akron
| | | | - Marcus S Shaker
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Hanover
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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7
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Olivieri B, Günaydın FE, Corren J, Senna G, Durham SR. The combination of allergen immunotherapy and biologics for inhalant allergies: Exploring the synergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024:S1081-1206(24)00365-X. [PMID: 38897405 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The development of monoclonal antibodies that selectively target IgE and type 2 immunity has opened new possibilities in the treatment of allergies. Although they have been used mainly as single therapies found to have efficacy in the management of asthma and other T2-mediated diseases, there is a growing interest in using these monoclonal antibodies in combination with allergen immunotherapy (AIT). AIT has transformed the treatment of allergic diseases by aiming to modify the underlying immune response to allergens rather than just providing temporary symptom relief. Despite the proven efficacy and safety of AIT, unmet needs call for further research and innovation. Combination strategies involving biologics and AIT exhibit potential in improving short-term efficacy, reducing adverse events, and increasing immunologic tolerance. Anti-IgE emerges as the most promising therapeutic strategy, not only enhancing AIT's safety and tolerability but also providing additional evidence of efficacy compared with AIT alone. Anti-interleukin-4 receptor offers a reduction in adverse effects and an improved immunologic profile when combined with AIT; however, its impact on short-term efficacy seems limited. The combination of cat dander subcutaneous immunotherapy with anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin was synergistic with enhanced efficacy and altered immune responses that persisted for 1 year after discontinuation compared with AIT alone. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the sustained benefits and safety profiles of combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Olivieri
- Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fatma Esra Günaydın
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Diseases, Ordu University Education and Training Hospital, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Jonathan Corren
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Section Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Dupont C, Burks AW, Fleischer DM, Bee KJ, Chainani S, Sampson HA. Safety and efficacy of epicutaneous immunotherapy with DBV712 (peanut patch) in peanut allergy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:623-633. [PMID: 38323337 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2315221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DBV712 250 µg (also referred to as Viaskin Peanut or peanut patch; Viaskin is a trademark of DBV Technologies) is an innovative approach to epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT). The patch-based technology system facilitates peanut protein (allergen) absorption into the intact non-vascularized epidermis to promote desensitization to peanut while limiting systemic allergen exposure. AREAS COVERED Efficacy and safety in children have been evaluated in four completed phase 3 studies. Overall, the results from these studies have demonstrated the peanut patch to be superior in desensitization compared with placebo and safe for daily use over multiple years. EXPERT OPINION These findings, as well as supportive evidence from phase 2 studies, confirm the potential for an effective treatment of peanut allergy in children. The purpose of this review is to summarize the safety and efficacy of the peanut patch in the treatment of peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dupont
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Marcel Sembat Clinic, Ramsay Group, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - A Wesley Burks
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David M Fleischer
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Hugh A Sampson
- DBV Technologies, Basking Ridge, NJ, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy & Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Creticos PS, Gunaydin FE, Nolte H, Damask C, Durham SR. Allergen Immunotherapy: The Evidence Supporting the Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy and Sublingual Forms of Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis/Conjunctivitis and Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1415-1427. [PMID: 38685477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a recognized key therapeutic modality for the treatment of allergic respiratory disease. Definitive studies have provided evidence-based data to demonstrate its effectiveness in allergic rhinitis and asthma due to the inhalation of proteinaceous allergic substances from specific seasonal pollens, dust mites, animal allergens, and certain mold spores. Over the ensuing decades, laboratory investigations have provided objective evidence to demonstrate immunologic changes, including production of protective IgG antibody, suppression of IgE antibody, upregulation of regulatory T cells, and induction of a state of immune tolerance to the offending allergen(s). Tangential to this work were carefully designed clinical studies that defined allergen dose and duration of treatment, established the importance of preparing extracts with standardized allergens (or well-defined extracts) based on major protein moieties, and used allergen provocation models to demonstrate efficacy superior to placebo. In the United States, the use of subcutaneous immunotherapy extracts for AIT was grandfathered in by the Food and Drug Administration based on expert literature review. In contrast, sublingual tablet immunotherapy underwent formal clinical development programs (phase I-III clinical trials) that provided the necessary clinical evidence for safety and efficacy that led to regulatory agency approvals for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in properly characterized patients with allergy. The allergy specialist's treatment options currently include traditional subcutaneous AIT and specific sublingual tablets approved for grass, ragweed, house dust mites, trees belonging to the birch-homologous group, and Japanese cedar. Tangential to this are sublingual drops that are increasingly being used off-label (albeit not approved by the Food and Drug Administration) in the United States. This article will review the evidence-based literature supporting the use of these forms of AIT, as well as focus on several current controversies and gaps in our knowledge base that have relevance for the appropriate selection of patients for treatment with specific AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Socrates Creticos
- Johns Hopkins Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Md; Creticos Research Group, Crownsville, MD.
| | - Fatma E Gunaydin
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Ordu University Education & Research Hospital, Ordu, Türkiye
| | | | - Cecilia Damask
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Fla
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Division of Respiratory Science, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Yan SH, Chen Y, Huang ZQ, Zhong WX, Wang XT, Tang YC, Zhao XY, Wu YS, Zhou C, Zhu W, Xiao W, Li X, Zhang DS. Acupoint Autohemotherapy Attenuates DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis and Activates Regulatory T Cells in BALB/c Mice. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2839-2850. [PMID: 38751687 PMCID: PMC11094283 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s454325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acupoint autohemotherapy (A-AHT) has been proposed as an alternative and complementary treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD), yet the exact role of its blood component in terms of therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action is still largely unknown. Methods This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies and action mechanisms of intramuscular injections of autologous whole blood (AWB) and mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) (autologous or heterologous) at acupoints on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse models. Serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured, as well as mRNA expression levels of Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), IL-10 and IFN-γ in dorsal skin lesions, and IL-10+, IFN-γ+ and FoxP3+CD4+T cells in murine spleen. Results It showed that repeated acupoint injection of AWB, autologous total IgG (purified from autologous blood in AD mice) or heterologous total IgG (purified from healthy blood in normal mice) effectively reduced the severity of AD symptoms and decreased epidermal and dermal thickness as well as mast cells in skin lesions. Additionally, AWB acupoint injection was found to upregulate FoxP3+, IL-10+ and IFN-γ+ CD4+T cells in murine spleen, suppressing the production of IgE antibodies and increasing that of IgG antibodies in the serum. Furthermore, both AWB and autologous total IgG administrations significantly elevated FoxP3 expression, mRNA levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ in dorsal skin lesions. However, acupoint injection of heterologous total IgG had no effect on regulatory T (Treg) and Th1 cells modulation. Conclusion These findings suggest that the therapeutic effects of A-AHT on AD are mediated by IgG-induced activation of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hua Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Tenth affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qian Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xi Zhong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang-Can Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Yi Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Tenth affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Shu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Tenth affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People’s Republic of China
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Chen X, Chen C, Tu Z, Guo Z, Lu T, Li J, Wen Y, Chen D, Lei W, Wen W, Li H. Intranasal PAMAM-G3 scavenges cell-free DNA attenuating the allergic airway inflammation. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:213. [PMID: 38698016 PMCID: PMC11065999 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation (AAI), including allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma, is driven by epithelial barrier dysfunction and type 2 inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism remains uncertain and available treatments are constrained. Consequently, we aim to explore the role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in AAI and assess the potential alleviating effects of cationic polymers (CPs) through cfDNA elimination. Levels of cfDNA were evaluated in AR patients, allergen-stimulated human bronchial epithelium (BEAS-2B cells) and primary human nasal epithelium from both AR and healthy control (HC), and AAI murine model. Polyamidoamine dendrimers-generation 3 (PAMAM-G3), a classic type of cationic polymers, were applied to investigate whether the clearance of cfDNA could ameliorate airway epithelial dysfunction and inhibit AAI. The levels of cfDNA in the plasma and nasal secretion from AR were higher than those from HC (P < 0.05). Additionally, cfDNA levels in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) were positively correlated with Interleukin (IL)-5 levels in EBC (R = 0.4191, P = 0.0001). Plasma cfDNA levels negatively correlated with the duration of allergen immunotherapy treatment (R = -0.4297, P = 0.006). Allergen stimulated cfDNA secretion in vitro (P < 0.001) and in vivo (P < 0.0001), which could be effectively scavenged with PAMAM-G3. The application of PAMAM-G3 inhibited epithelial barrier dysfunction in vitro and attenuated the development of AAI in vivo. This study elucidates that cfDNA, a promising biomarker for monitoring disease severity, aggravates AAI and the application of intranasal PAMAM-G3 could potentially be a novel therapeutic intervention for AAI. Allergen stimulates the secretion of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in both human and mouse airway. Intranasal polyamidoamine dendrimers-generation 3 (PAMAM-G3) scavenges cfDNA and alleviates allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxu Tu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeling Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangxi Hospital Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Nanning, China
| | - Yihui Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehua Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiping Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Hoshino M, Akitsu K, Ohtawa J, Kubota K. Long-term efficacy of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy on clinical and pulmonary function in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100206. [PMID: 38328802 PMCID: PMC10847160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Background A previous study reported that house dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for 48 weeks was effective as add-on treatment for allergic asthma; however, data regarding its long-term efficacy are scarce. Objective We sought to evaluate the effect of HDM SLIT on asthma control, pulmonary function, and airway inflammation and remodeling throughout the 5-year treatment period. Methods A total of 140 patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis sensitized to HDM were randomized to receive either drugs alone or drugs plus SLIT for 5 years. The 5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5), Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), spirometry, quantitative computed tomography, and type 2 biomarkers were assessed. Results An improvement in the ACQ-5, AQLQ, and RQLQ scores was observed in the SLIT group compared with the control group. HDM SLIT increased lung function and reduced the percentage of airway wall area. The levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Feno), blood eosinophil, serum specific IgE for HDM, and total IgE decreased and were sustained during the 5 years. The change in type 2 biomarkers correlated with change in the AQLQ score. On the basis of receiver-operating characteristic analysis for predicting responders, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve in FEV1% predicted, airway wall area, Feno, and specific IgE was high. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the strongest predictor of responders was Feno. Conclusions HDM SLIT continued to provide sustained efficacy, improve lung function, and prevent progression of airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma throughout the 5-year treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hoshino
- Division of Clinical Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Atami Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan
| | - Kenta Akitsu
- Department of Radiology, Atami Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan
| | - Junichi Ohtawa
- Department of Radiology, Atami Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Radiology, Atami Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan
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13
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Tucis D, Hopkins G, Browne W, James V, Onion D, Fairclough LC. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Sensitization: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4492. [PMID: 38674077 PMCID: PMC11049870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergies affect approximately 10-30% of people worldwide, with an increasing number of cases each year; however, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested to play a role in allergic sensitization and skew to a T helper type 2 (Th2) response. The aim of this review is to highlight the existing evidence of EV involvement in allergies. A total of 22 studies were reviewed; 12 studies showed EVs can influence a Th2 response, while 10 studies found EVs promoted a Th1 or Treg response. EVs can drive allergic sensitization through up-regulation of pro-Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13. In addition, EVs from MRSA can induce IgE hypersensitivity in mice towards MRSA. On the other hand, EVs can induce tolerance in the immune system; for example, pre-exposing OVA-loaded EVs prevented OVA sensitization in mice. The current literature thus suggests that EVs play an essential role in allergy. Further research utilizing human in vitro models and clinical studies is needed to give a reliable account of the role of EVs in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Tucis
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (D.T.); (G.H.); (W.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Georgina Hopkins
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (D.T.); (G.H.); (W.B.); (D.O.)
| | - William Browne
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (D.T.); (G.H.); (W.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - David Onion
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (D.T.); (G.H.); (W.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Lucy C. Fairclough
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (D.T.); (G.H.); (W.B.); (D.O.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
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14
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Hoof I, Bønnelykke K, Stranzl T, Brand S, Li X, Shamji MH, Meyers DA, Bateman ED, Bleecker E, Andersen PS. Genetic and T2 biomarkers linked to the efficacy of HDM sublingual immunotherapy in asthma. Thorax 2024; 79:332-339. [PMID: 38160049 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypersensitivity to house dust mite (HDM) allergens is a common cause of allergic asthma symptoms and can be effectively treated with allergy immunotherapy (AIT). OBJECTIVE To investigate whether genetic and type 2 (T2) inflammatory biomarkers correlate with disease severity in subjects with allergic asthma, and whether this can be modified by AIT. METHODS MITRA (NCT01433523) was a phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of HDM sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-tablets in adults with HDM allergic asthma. Post hoc analyses of the study population (N=742) evaluated associations between T2 inflammatory (blood eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), total IgE and tryptase) and genetic (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) biomarkers (n=582) for the primary study endpoint (time to first moderate/severe asthma exacerbation). SNP associations were verified in HDM-positive subgroup from an independent 3-year Severe Asthma Research Programme (SARP3) subject cohort. RESULTS An increased asthma exacerbation risk in subjects homozygous for SNP rs7216389 (chromosomal locus 17q12-21) was reduced (p=0.037) by treatment with HDM SLIT (HR=0.37 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.64), p<0.001). The associations between exacerbation risk and 17q12-21 SNPs were replicated in the SARP3 HDM-positive subgroup. High levels of T2 biomarkers were associated with increased risk of asthma exacerbations in the placebo group. HDM SLIT-tablet treatment reduced this risk (blood eosinophils: HR=0.50 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.85); ECP: HR=0.45 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.87); tryptase: HR=0.45 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.80)). The treatment effect was higher (p=0.006) for subjects with a higher number of elevated T2 biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS HDM SLIT-tablet AIT is efficacious in HDM-sensitised asthma subjects with a genetic asthma predisposition and/or an underlying T2 endotype. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01433523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Hoof
- Translational Research, Alk-Abello A/S, Horsholm, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Stranzl
- Translational Research, Alk-Abello A/S, Horsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Xingnan Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Univ of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eugene Bleecker
- Medicine, University of Arizona, Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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15
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Gurgel RK, Baroody FM, Damask CC, Mims JW, Ishman SL, Baker DP, Contrera KJ, Farid FS, Fornadley JA, Gardner DD, Henry LR, Kim J, Levy JM, Reger CM, Ritz HJ, Stachler RJ, Valdez TA, Reyes J, Dhepyasuwan N. Clinical Practice Guideline: Immunotherapy for Inhalant Allergy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170 Suppl 1:S1-S42. [PMID: 38408152 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the therapeutic exposure to an allergen or allergens selected by clinical assessment and allergy testing to decrease allergic symptoms and induce immunologic tolerance. Inhalant AIT is administered to millions of patients for allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA) and is most commonly delivered as subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) or sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Despite its widespread use, there is variability in the initiation and delivery of safe and effective immunotherapy, and there are opportunities for evidence-based recommendations for improved patient care. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical practice guideline (CPG) is to identify quality improvement opportunities and provide clinicians trustworthy, evidence-based recommendations regarding the management of inhaled allergies with immunotherapy. Specific goals of the guideline are to optimize patient care, promote safe and effective therapy, reduce unjustified variations in care, and reduce the risk of harm. The target patients for the guideline are any individuals aged 5 years and older with AR, with or without AA, who are either candidates for immunotherapy or treated with immunotherapy for their inhalant allergies. The target audience is all clinicians involved in the administration of immunotherapy. This guideline is intended to focus on evidence-based quality improvement opportunities judged most important by the guideline development group (GDG). It is not intended to be a comprehensive, general guide regarding the management of inhaled allergies with immunotherapy. The statements in this guideline are not intended to limit or restrict care provided by clinicians based on their experience and assessment of individual patients. ACTION STATEMENTS The GDG made a strong recommendation that (Key Action Statement [KAS] 10) the clinician performing allergy skin testing or administering AIT must be able to diagnose and manage anaphylaxis. The GDG made recommendations for the following KASs: (KAS 1) Clinicians should offer or refer to a clinician who can offer immunotherapy for patients with AR with or without AA if their patients' symptoms are inadequately controlled with medical therapy, allergen avoidance, or both, or have a preference for immunomodulation. (KAS 2A) Clinicians should not initiate AIT for patients who are pregnant, have uncontrolled asthma, or are unable to tolerate injectable epinephrine. (KAS 3) Clinicians should evaluate the patient or refer the patient to a clinician who can evaluate for signs and symptoms of asthma before initiating AIT and for signs and symptoms of uncontrolled asthma before administering subsequent AIT. (KAS 4) Clinicians should educate patients who are immunotherapy candidates regarding the differences between SCIT and SLIT (aqueous and tablet) including risks, benefits, convenience, and costs. (KAS 5) Clinicians should educate patients about the potential benefits of AIT in (1) preventing new allergen sensitizations, (2) reducing the risk of developing AA, and (3) altering the natural history of the disease with continued benefit after discontinuation of therapy. (KAS 6) Clinicians who administer SLIT to patients with seasonal AR should offer pre- and co-seasonal immunotherapy. (KAS 7) Clinicians prescribing AIT should limit treatment to only those clinically relevant allergens that correlate with the patient's history and are confirmed by testing. (KAS 9) Clinicians administering AIT should continue escalation or maintenance dosing when patients have local reactions (LRs) to AIT. (KAS 11) Clinicians should avoid repeat allergy testing as an assessment of the efficacy of ongoing AIT unless there is a change in environmental exposures or a loss of control of symptoms. (KAS 12) For patients who are experiencing symptomatic control from AIT, clinicians should treat for a minimum duration of 3 years, with ongoing treatment duration based on patient response to treatment. The GDG offered the following KASs as options: (KAS 2B) Clinicians may choose not to initiate AIT for patients who use concomitant beta-blockers, have a history of anaphylaxis, have systemic immunosuppression, or have eosinophilic esophagitis (SLIT only). (KAS 8) Clinicians may treat polysensitized patients with a limited number of allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fuad M Baroody
- The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - James Whit Mims
- Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Dole P Baker
- Anderson ENT & Facial Plastics, Anderson, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - John A Fornadley
- Associated Otolaryngologists of PA, Inc, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Jean Kim
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine M Reger
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joe Reyes
- American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Nui Dhepyasuwan
- American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
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16
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Su P, Jiang C, Zhang Y. The implication of infection with respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric recurrent wheezing and asthma: knowledge expanded post-COVID-19 era. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:403-416. [PMID: 38153660 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has been identified to serve as the primary cause of acute lower respiratory infectious diseases in children under the age of one and a significant risk factor for the emergence and development of pediatric recurrent wheezing and asthma, though the exact mechanism is still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we discuss the key routes that lead to recurrent wheezing and bronchial asthma following RSV infection. It is interesting to note that following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the prevalence of RSV changes significantly. This presents us with a rare opportunity to better understand the associated mechanism for RSV infection, its effects on the respiratory system, and the immunological response to RSV following the COVID-19 epidemic. To better understand the associated mechanisms in the occurrence and progression of pediatric asthma, we thoroughly described how the RSV infection directly destroys the physical barrier of airway epithelial tissue, promotes inflammatory responses, enhances airway hyper-responsiveness, and ultimately causes the airway remodeling. More critically, extensive discussion was also conducted regarding the potential impact of RSV infection on host pulmonary immune response. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study offers a comprehensive perspective to better understand how the RSV infection interacts in the control of the host's pulmonary immune system, causing recurrent wheezing and the development of asthma, and it sheds fresh light on potential avenues for pharmaceutical therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Su
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, National Regional Children's Medical Centre (Northwest), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congshan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, National Regional Children's Medical Centre (Northwest), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, National Regional Children's Medical Centre (Northwest), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Chu DK, Schneider L, Asiniwasis RN, Boguniewicz M, De Benedetto A, Ellison K, Frazier WT, Greenhawt M, Huynh J, Kim E, LeBovidge J, Lind ML, Lio P, Martin SA, O'Brien M, Ong PY, Silverberg JI, Spergel JM, Wang J, Wheeler KE, Guyatt GH, Capozza K, Begolka WS, Chu AWL, Zhao IX, Chen L, Oykhman P, Bakaa L, Golden D, Shaker M, Bernstein JA, Greenhawt M, Horner CC, Lieberman J, Stukus D, Rank MA, Wang J, Ellis A, Abrams E, Ledford D, Chu DK. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) guidelines: 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters GRADE- and Institute of Medicine-based recommendations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:274-312. [PMID: 38108679 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidance addressing atopic dermatitis (AD) management, last issued in 2012 by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force, requires updating as a result of new treatments and improved guideline and evidence synthesis methodology. OBJECTIVE To produce evidence-based guidelines that support patients, clinicians, and other decision-makers in the optimal treatment of AD. METHODS A multidisciplinary guideline panel consisting of patients and caregivers, AD experts (dermatology and allergy/immunology), primary care practitioners (family medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine), and allied health professionals (psychology, pharmacy, nursing) convened, prioritized equity, diversity, and inclusiveness, and implemented management strategies to minimize influence of conflicts of interest. The Evidence in Allergy Group supported guideline development by performing systematic evidence reviews, facilitating guideline processes, and holding focus groups with patient and family partners. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach informed rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations. Evidence-to-decision frameworks, subjected to public comment, translated evidence to recommendations using trustworthy guideline principles. RESULTS The panel agreed on 25 recommendations to gain and maintain control of AD for patients with mild, moderate, and severe AD. The eAppendix provides practical information and implementation considerations in 1-2 page patient-friendly handouts. CONCLUSION These evidence-based recommendations address optimal use of (1) topical treatments (barrier moisturization devices, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors [crisaborole], topical JAK inhibitors, occlusive [wet wrap] therapy, adjunctive antimicrobials, application frequency, maintenance therapy), (2) dilute bleach baths, (3) dietary avoidance/elimination, (4) allergen immunotherapy, and (5) systemic treatments (biologics/monoclonal antibodies, small molecule immunosuppressants [cyclosporine, methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate, JAK inhibitors], and systemic corticosteroids) and UV phototherapy (light therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Chu
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Lynda Schneider
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Mark Boguniewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Winfred T Frazier
- Department of Family Medicine, UPMC St. Margaret, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joey Huynh
- Sepulveda VA Medical Center, North Hills, California
| | | | - Jennifer LeBovidge
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Laura Lind
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Peter Lio
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen A Martin
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Monica O'Brien
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peck Y Ong
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Kathryn E Wheeler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Korey Capozza
- Global Parents for Eczema Research, Santa Barbara, California
| | | | - Alexandro W L Chu
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Irene X Zhao
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lina Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul Oykhman
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Layla Bakaa
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Golden
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marcus Shaker
- Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Allergy, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Caroline C Horner
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jay Lieberman
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center and LeBonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David Stukus
- Nationwide Children's Hospital and Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona and Phoenix Children's Hospital, Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Anne Ellis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elissa Abrams
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dennis Ledford
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida and James A. Haley Veterans' Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Derek K Chu
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
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18
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Spiric J, Schulenborg T, Holzhauser T, Schuler F, Bonertz A, Lauer I, Bartel D, Vieths S, Mahler V, Reuter A. Quality control of allergen products with mass spectrometry part I: Positioning within the EU regulatory framework. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38425053 DOI: 10.1111/all.16080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has advanced greatly and many of its applications are ready for utilization within regulatory procedures and could significantly contribute to overcome challenges in standardization of allergen products. It seems sensible to discuss MS within the regulatory framework, before addressing technical questions. While the application to purified proteins is well established from product development to manufacturer's release analytics, its application to complex products such as allergen products is still under development. It needs to be determined where it can complement or replace established methods or where MS offers limited improvement. Despite its technical appeal and versatility, currently MS is mentioned in regulatory guidelines only as one possible measurement method. For example, no specific MS method is given in the European Pharmacopoeia. We discuss applications of MS within the EU regulatory framework. This includes their advantages and disadvantages and their positioning between research, characterization, manufacturer's release analytics and official batch testing. We discuss the qualitative detection of single and multiple allergens as proof of identity, qualitative to semi-quantitative protein profiles for batch to batch consistency testing, and quantification of allergens to state mass units of allergens. MS may also facilitate standardization of allergen products, reference products and reference standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Spiric
- Allergology Division, Central Method Development Section, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schulenborg
- Allergology Division, Central Method Development Section, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Thomas Holzhauser
- Allergology Division, Central Method Development Section, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Frank Schuler
- Allergology Division, Allergology Quality Assessment Section, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bonertz
- Allergology Division, Allergology Quality Assessment Section, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Iris Lauer
- Allergology Division, Allergology Quality Assessment Section, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Detlef Bartel
- Allergology Division, Allergens Product Testing Section, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Vera Mahler
- Allergology Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Andreas Reuter
- Allergology Division, Central Method Development Section, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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19
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Qin Y, Huang W, Zheng R, Wang Q, Yu Q, Li Y, Wang K, Tang J. The long-term efficacy of intra-cervical lymphatic immunotherapy on adults with allergic rhinitis: A randomized controlled study. Clin Transl Allergy 2024; 14:e12341. [PMID: 38343066 PMCID: PMC10859606 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of the novel immunotherapy method, intra-cervical lymphatic immunotherapy (ICLIT), need to be investigated. Comparing it with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), we clarified the long-term efficacy and safety of intra-cervical lymphatic immunotherapy on allergic rhinitis (AR), and investigated the improvement of clinical efficacy of the booster injection at 1 year after ICLIT treatment. METHODS Ninety adult patients with dust mite allergy were randomly divided into 3 groups: 30 in the SCIT group, 30 in the ILCLIT group, and 30 in ICLIT booster group. Changes in total symptom score (TSS), nasal symptom score (TNSS), ocular symptom score (TOSS) and total medication score (TMS) were evaluated in the three groups. Adverse reactions were recorded, and serum dust mite specific IgE (sIgE) and specific IgG4 were assessed in the ICLIT group and ICLIT booster group. RESULTS TSS, TNSS, TOSS, and TMS scores were significantly lower in the three groups at 36 months after treatment (p < 0. 05). And at 36 months the ICLIT-booster group showed results similar to SCIT and superior to ICLIT (p < 0. 05). Serum specific IgE decreased in all three groups at 12 and 36 months after treatment, p < 0.01. The ICLIT group and the ICLIT booster group showed a significant increase in sIgG4, p < 0.01. None of the patients in the three groups had any serious systemic adverse effects during the 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSION The ICLIT treatment is effective and safe on AR. One booster injection of allergens at 1 year can greatly improve its long-term efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRY Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1800017130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qin
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Weijun Huang
- The Department of OtolaryngologyFirst People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Rui Zheng
- The Department of OtolaryngologyThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Y at‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qixing Wang
- The Zhu Hai Campus of Zunyi Medical UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Qingqing Yu
- The Department of OtolaryngologyFirst People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Yin Li
- The Department of OtolaryngologyFirst People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Kai Wang
- The Department of OtolaryngologyFirst People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Jun Tang
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
- The Department of OtolaryngologyFirst People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
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20
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Arshad H, Lack G, Durham SR, Penagos M, Larenas-Linnemann D, Halken S. Prevention Is Better than Cure: Impact of Allergen Immunotherapy on the Progression of Airway Disease. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:45-56. [PMID: 37844847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy is highly effective for seasonal pollinosis. Three years of treatment results in long-term efficacy. This disease modification is accompanied by downregulation of allergen-specific Th2 responses and the induction of persistent specific IgG- and IgA-associated IgE-blocking activity. In children with seasonal rhinitis, both subcutaneous and sublingual pollen immunotherapy have been shown to reduce the development of asthma symptoms and asthma medication requirements. House dust mite tablet allergen immunotherapy has been shown to be effective for perennial mite-driven rhinitis in adults and children and may suppress asthma exacerbations, whereas its long-term efficacy has yet to be explored. The success of primary prevention of peanut allergy in childhood by introduction of peanut into the diet during infancy provides a strong rationale to explore whether primary prevention of inhalant allergies and asthma may also be possible. House dust mite allergy is a major risk factor for developing asthma. Preliminary data in at-risk children suggest that sublingual house dust mite immunotherapy initiated during infancy could reduce the onset of multiple allergen sensitizations and prevent the development of asthma at age 6 years. This possibility should now be explored in an adequately powered, prospectively randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Arshad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Centre, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Division of Respiratory Science, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Penagos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Division of Respiratory Science, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Désireé Larenas-Linnemann
- Médica Sur, Clinical Foundation and Hospital, Centro de Excelencia en Asma y Alergia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susanne Halken
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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21
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Koga T, Kawahara N, Aburada M, Ono A, Mae S, Yoshida A, Iwaoka Y, Ito H, Tai A. Antiallergic Activity of 3- O-Dodecyl-l-ascorbic Acid. Molecules 2023; 29:69. [PMID: 38202652 PMCID: PMC10779884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
2-O-Alkyl-l-ascorbic acids and 3-O-alkyl-l-ascorbic acids were synthesized, and their degranulation inhibitory activities were evaluated. Among ascorbic acid derivatives with butyl, octyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl groups introduced at the C-2 or C-3 positions, an AA derivative with a dodecyl group introduced at the C-3 position, 3-O-dodecyl-l-ascorbic acid (compound 8), showed the strongest inhibitory activity against antigen-stimulated degranulation. Compound 8 also inhibited calcium ionophore-stimulated degranulation. Compound 11, in which the hydroxyl group at the C-6 position of compound 8 was substituted with an amino group, and compound 12, in which the dodecyloxy group at the C-3 position of compound 8 was exchanged with a dodecylamino group, were synthesized, and these derivatives showed weaker inhibitory activity against antigen-stimulated degranulation than that of compound 8. In addition, orally administered compound 8 inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions in mice with a potency equal to that of oxatomide, an antiallergic agent. These results suggest that compound 8 may be a candidate for antiallergic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Koga
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-Cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan;
| | - Naoaki Kawahara
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-Cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Mei Aburada
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka-Cho, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
| | - Asako Ono
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka-Cho, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
| | - Shiori Mae
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka-Cho, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
| | - Aina Yoshida
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-Cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwaoka
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan; (Y.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Hideyuki Ito
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan; (Y.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Akihiro Tai
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-Cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan;
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka-Cho, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
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22
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Li S, Toriumi H, Takahashi D, Kamasaki T, Fujioka Y, Nagatoishi S, Li J, Liu Y, Hosokawa T, Tsumoto K, Ohba Y, Katayama Y, Murakami D, Hase K, Mori T. Safe and efficient oral allergy immunotherapy using one-pot-prepared mannan-coated allergen nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122381. [PMID: 37935073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only curative treatment for allergic diseases. However, AIT has many disadvantages related to efficiency, safety, long-term duration, and patient compliance. Dendritic cells (DCs) have an important role in antigen-specific tolerance induction; thus, DC-targeting strategies to treat allergies such as glutaraldehyde crosslinked antigen to mannoprotein (MAN) have been established. However, glutaraldehyde crosslinking may reduce the antigen presentation efficiency of DCs. To overcome this, we developed a MAN-coated ovalbumin (OVA) nanoparticle (MDO), which uses intermolecular disulfide bond to crosslink OVA and MAN. MDO effectively targeted DCs resulting in tolerogenic DCs, and promoted higher antigen presentation efficiency by DCs compared with OVA or glutaraldehyde crosslinked nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that DCs exposed to MDO induced Treg cells. Moreover, MDO had low reactivity with anti-OVA antibodies and did not induce anaphylaxis in allergic mice, demonstrating its high safety profile. In a mouse model of allergic asthma, MDO had significant preventative and therapeutic effects when administered orally or subcutaneously. Therefore, MDO represents a promising new approach for the efficient and safe treatment of allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Li
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toriumi
- Division of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kamasaki
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fujioka
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jinting Li
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takanatsu Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Centre for Advanced Medicine Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Daisuke Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan; The Institute of Fermentation Sciences (IFeS), Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan; International Research and Development Centre for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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23
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Lund G, Christensen LH, Ihlemann J, Andersen PS, Wambre E, Würtzen PA, Gupta S. T cells specific to multiple Bet v 1 peptides are highly cross-reactive toward the corresponding peptides from the homologous group of tree pollens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291666. [PMID: 38077382 PMCID: PMC10702988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergens from Fagales trees frequently cause spring allergy in Europe, North America, and some parts of Asia. The definition of the birch homologous group, which includes birch (Bet v), oak (Que a), alder (Aln g), hazel (Cor a), hornbeam (Car b), beech (Fag s), and chestnut (Cas s), is based on high allergen sequence identity and extensive IgE cross-reactivity. Clinical effect was seen during the alder/hazel, birch, and oak pollen seasons after treatment with tree SLIT-tablets containing only birch allergen extract. Here, we characterize T-cell reactivity with respect to epitope specificities and cross-reactivity toward various Bet v 1 family members, (PR-10/group 1 major allergens). This cross-reactivity may be part of the immunological basis of clinical effect or cross-protection when exposed to birch homologous tree species. Method T-cell lines were generated from 29 birch-allergic individuals through stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with birch/Bet v or oak/Que a allergen extracts. T-cell responses to allergen extracts, purified group 1 allergens, and overlapping 20-mer peptides (Bet v 1, Aln g 1, Cor a 1, and Que a 1) were investigated by T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Cross-reactivity was evaluated based on Pearson's correlations of response strength and further investigated by flow cytometry using tetramer staining for homologous peptide pairs. Results T-cell reactivity toward extracts and group 1 allergens from across the birch homologous group was observed for birch/Bet v as well as oak/Que a T-cell lines. T-cell lines responded to multiple Bet v 1 homologous peptides from Aln g 1 and Cor a 1 and a subset of Que a 1 peptides. Significant Pearson's correlations between frequently recognized peptides derived from Bet v 1 and the corresponding peptides derived from alder, hazel, and oak strongly supported the T-cell cross-reactivity toward these allergens. Cross-reactivity between birch and birch homologous peptides was confirmed by pMHCII tetramer staining. Conclusion T cells from birch tree pollen allergic individuals respond to multiple trees within the birch homologous group in accordance with the level of sequence homology between Bet v 1 family members, (PR-10 allergens) from these allergen sources, confirming the basis for clinical cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Lund
- Global Research Hoersholm, ALK, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Erik Wambre
- Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
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24
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Kappen J, Diamant Z, Agache I, Bonini M, Bousquet J, Canonica GW, Durham SR, Guibas GV, Hamelmann E, Jutel M, Papadopoulos NG, Roberts G, Shamji MH, Zieglmayer P, Gerth van Wijk R, Pfaar O. Standardization of clinical outcomes used in allergen immunotherapy in allergic asthma: An EAACI position paper. Allergy 2023; 78:2835-2850. [PMID: 37449468 DOI: 10.1111/all.15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In allergic asthma patients, one of the more common phenotypes might benefit from allergen immunotherapy (AIT) as add-on intervention to pharmacological treatment. AIT is a treatment with disease-modifying modalities, the evidence for efficacy is based on controlled clinical trials following standardized endpoint measures. However, so far there is a lack of a consensus for asthma endpoints in AIT trials. The aim of a task force (TF) of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is evaluating several outcome measures for AIT in allergic asthma. METHODS The following domains of outcome measures in asthmatic patients have been evaluated for this position paper (PP): (i) exacerbation rate, (ii) lung function, (iii) ICS withdrawal, (iv) symptoms and rescue medication use, (v) questionnaires (PROMS), (vi) bronchial/nasal provocation, (vii) allergen exposure chambers (AEC) and (viii) biomarkers. RESULTS Exacerbation rate can be used as a reliable objective primary outcome; however, there is limited evidence due to different definitions of exacerbation. The time after ICS withdrawal to first exacerbation is considered a primary outcome measure. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages and clinical implications of further domains of asthma endpoints in AIT trials are elaborated in this PP. CONCLUSION This EAACI-PP aims to highlight important aspects of current asthma measures by critically evaluating their applicability for controlled trials of AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Kappen
- Department of Pulmonology, STZ Centre of Excellence for Asthma, COPD and Respiratory Allergy, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Departmentt of Microbiology Immunology & Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Matteo Bonini
- Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin Campus Berlin Buch, MASK-air, Montpellier, France
| | - G Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine Asthma & Allergy Clinic Humanitas University & Research Hospital-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - George V Guibas
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Children's Center Bethel, University Hospital Bielefeld, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Graham Roberts
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine (MP803), Clinical & Experimental Sciences & Human Development in Health Academic Units University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Petra Zieglmayer
- Karl Landsteiner University, Competence Center for Allergology and Immunology, Krems, Austria
| | - Roy Gerth van Wijk
- Section of Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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25
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Altman MC, Segnitz RM, Larson D, Jayavelu ND, Smith MT, Patel S, Scadding GW, Qin T, Sanda S, Steveling E, Eifan AO, Penagos M, Jacobson MR, Parkin RV, Shamji MH, Togias A, Durham SR. Nasal and blood transcriptomic pathways underpinning the clinical response to grass pollen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1247-1260. [PMID: 37460024 PMCID: PMC10788383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a well-established disease-modifying therapy for allergic rhinitis, yet the fundamental mechanisms underlying its clinical effect remain inadequately understood. Gauging Response in Allergic Rhinitis to Sublingual and Subcutaneous Immunotherapy was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of individuals allergic to timothy grass who received 2 years of placebo (n = 30), subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) (n = 27), or sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) (n = 27) and were then followed for 1 additional year. OBJECTIVE We used yearly biospecimens from the Gauging Response in Allergic Rhinitis to Sublingual and Subcutaneous Immunotherapy study to identify molecular mechanisms of response. METHODS We used longitudinal transcriptomic profiling of nasal brush and PBMC samples after allergen provocation to uncover airway and systemic expression pathways mediating responsiveness to AIT. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01335139, EudraCT Number: 2010-023536-16. RESULTS SCIT and SLIT demonstrated similar changes in gene module expression over time. In nasal samples, alterations included downregulation of pathways of mucus hypersecretion, leukocyte migration/activation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (log2 fold changes -0.133 to -0.640, false discovery rates [FDRs] <0.05). We observed upregulation of modules related to epithelial development, junction formation, and lipid metabolism (log2 fold changes 0.104 to 0.393, FDRs <0.05). In PBMCs, modules related to cellular stress response and type 2 cytokine signaling were reduced by immunotherapy (log2 fold changes -0.611 to -0.828, FDRs <0.05). Expression of these modules was also significantly associated with both Total Nasal Symptom Score and peak nasal inspiratory flow, indicating important links between treatment, module expression, and allergen response. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify specific molecular responses of the nasal airway impacting barrier function, leukocyte migration activation, and mucus secretion that are affected by both SCIT and SLIT, offering potential targets to guide novel strategies for AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Altman
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle; Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
| | - R Max Segnitz
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | - Malisa T Smith
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sana Patel
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Guy W Scadding
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, London
| | | | - Srinath Sanda
- Madison Clinic for Pediatric Diabetes, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Esther Steveling
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, London
| | - Aarif O Eifan
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, London
| | - Martin Penagos
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, London
| | - Mikila R Jacobson
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, London
| | - Rebecca V Parkin
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, London
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, London
| | - Alkis Togias
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, London
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Okamoto Y, Kato M, Ishii K, Sato Y, Hata T, Asaka Y. Safety and effectiveness of a 300 IR house dust mite sublingual tablet: descriptive 4-year final analysis of a post-marketing surveillance in Japan. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:1401-1414. [PMID: 37727966 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Data are limited for clinical outcomes with house dust mite (HDM) allergen immunotherapy beyond 2 years' observation. Materials & methods: A post-marketing drug-use survey assessed the safety and effectiveness of the 300 index of reactivity (IR) HDM tablet during use for up to 4 years in Japan. Results: 538 patients were evaluable for safety and 383 for effectiveness. Most adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurred early and were local reactions; 5.6% of 249 total events were reported during years 2 to 4 as new ADRs after the interim analysis. The CAP-RAST score was identified as a potential risk factor for ADRs. The proportion of evaluable patients with severe allergic rhinitis symptoms decreased from 46.4% at baseline (n = 317) to 1.0% at 4 years (n = 104). Patients (n = 16) who discontinued 300 IR HDM tablet due to symptomatic improvement had sustained improvement relative to baseline 1 to 2 years later. Conclusion: Long-term use of the 300 IR HDM tablet is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 & Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, 290-0003, Japan
| | - Moe Kato
- Shionogi Pharmacovigilance Center Co., Ltd, Osaka, 541-0045, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Ishii
- Shionogi Pharmacovigilance Center Co., Ltd, Osaka, 541-0045, Japan
| | - Yumi Sato
- Medical Affairs Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, 541-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hata
- Pharmacovigilance Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, 541-0042, Japan
| | - Yuta Asaka
- Pharmacovigilance Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, 541-0042, Japan
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27
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Lee HY, Lee SM, Kang SY, Kim K, Kim JH, Ryu G, Min JY, Park KH, Park SY, Sung M, Lee Y, Yang EA, Jee HM, Ha EK, Shin YS, Chung EH, Choi SH, Koh YI, Kim ST, Nahm DH, Park JW, Shim JY, An YM, Han DH, Han MY, Lee YW, Choi JH. KAAACI Guidelines for Allergen Immunotherapy. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:725-756. [PMID: 37957792 PMCID: PMC10643862 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.6.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a causative treatment for various allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and bee venom allergy that induces tolerance to offending allergens. The need for uniform practice guidelines in AIT is continuously growing because of the increasing discovery of potential candidates for AIT and evolving interest in new therapeutic approaches. This guideline is an updated version of the Korean Academy of Asthma Allergy and Clinical Immunology recommendations for AIT published in 2010. This updated guideline proposes an expert opinion by allergy, pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngology specialists with an extensive literature review. The guideline deals with basic knowledge and methodological aspects of AIT, including mechanisms, clinical efficacy, patient selection, allergens extract selection, schedule and doses, management of adverse reactions, efficacy measurements, and special consideration in pediatrics. The guidelines for sublingual immunotherapy will be covered in detail in a separate article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Yoon Kang
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwanghui Ryu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Myongsoon Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun-Ae Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Jee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Il Koh
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seon Tae Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Nahm
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jung Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Doo Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Won Lee
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Health Policy Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hee Choi
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea.
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Aagaard JB, Fischer M, Lober J, Neumann FB, Allahverdi D, Sivelle C, Miehe M, Spillner E. Extract-Shaped Immune Repertoires as Source for Nanobody-Based Human IgE in Grass Pollen Allergy. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1518-1527. [PMID: 36696011 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The presence of allergen-specific IgE in serum is a biomarker for allergic disease. Specific IgE antibodies for research and diagnostics, however, remain scarce. In contrast to prototypic antibodies, camelid species have evolved single domains as moiety for antigen recognition. These so-called nanobodies represent a versatile platform for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this study, we aimed for generating nanobodies and derived IgE formats from an extract-shaped immune repertoire. Timothy grass pollen represents a complex, but well-defined mixture of individual allergens. Therefore, a repertoire library from a timothy grass pollen extract immunised llama was established. The selection by phage display yielded 3 nanobodies with immunoreactivity to the extract. IgE-like nanobody-based human IgE (nb-hIgE) antibodies were produced in mammalian cells and assessed in different immunoassays and commercial platforms. Immunoblotting and diagnostic ImmunoCap analysis of single timothy grass pollen allergens identified the major allergens Phl p 6 and Phl p 4 as targets. Assessment of immunoreactivity further documented significant molecular cross-reactivity with pollen extract of different grass species and variant presence of allergens within extracts of Pooideae grasses. In summary, our study shows that extract-based immunisation enables the generation of allergen-specific nanobodies and derived nb-hIgE formats linking nanobody technologies with allergological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Baunvig Aagaard
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michaela Fischer
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Julia Lober
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Bolbro Neumann
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dena Allahverdi
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Coline Sivelle
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michaela Miehe
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Edzard Spillner
- Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Locke A, Hung L, Upton JEM, O'Mahony L, Hoang J, Eiwegger T. An update on recent developments and highlights in food allergy. Allergy 2023; 78:2344-2360. [PMID: 37087637 DOI: 10.1111/all.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
While both the incidence and general awareness of food allergies is increasing, the variety and clinical availability of therapeutics remain limited. Therefore, investigations into the potential factors contributing to the development of food allergy (FA) and the mechanisms of natural tolerance or induced desensitization are required. In addition, a detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of food allergies is needed to generate compelling, enduring, and safe treatment options. New findings regarding the contribution of barrier function, the effect of emollient interventions, mechanisms of allergen recognition, and the contributions of specific immune cell subsets through rodent models and human clinical studies provide novel insights. With the first approved treatment for peanut allergy, the clinical management of FA is evolving toward less intensive, alternative approaches involving fixed doses, lower maintenance dose targets, coadministration of biologicals, adjuvants, and tolerance-inducing formulations. The ultimate goal is to improve immunotherapy and develop precision-based medicine via risk phenotyping allowing optimal treatment for each food-allergic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Locke
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lisa Hung
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia E M Upton
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, SickKids Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Hoang
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
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30
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Ai T, Zhang P, Luo R, Fan Y, Xia W, Wang L. Effectiveness of sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mite drops in asthmatic children at different ages. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1170860. [PMID: 37377755 PMCID: PMC10291045 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1170860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory allergies in children, such as asthma and rhinitis, are becoming progressively common every year. Recent studies found that pediatric patients with asthma receiving regular medication and specific immunotherapy (SIT) had improved therapeutic outcomes in a wide age range. However, there are few studies that have examined the effectiveness of SIT treatment in children with allergic asthma at different ages in terms of the degree of asthma control, improvements in lung function, and changes in exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Method A total of 200 asthmatic pediatric patients who had been receiving regular treatment for at least a year were split into the observation and the control groups, which depended on whether sublingual immunotherapy was added based on conventional treatment medicines. The children who were divided by an age cut-off of 6 years old in these two groups were compared before and after therapy based on the exhaled levels of FeNO, pulmonary function, visual analog scale, medication scores, daytime and nighttime ratings of asthma symptom, and rhinitis symptom scores. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in various indicators of the patients under 6 years old; and in the older children (6-16 years old) group, the scores of FVC, FEV1, and FEF25 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The FEF75, FEF50, FEF25, and MMEF75/MMEF25 indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical significance in other indexes (P > 0.05). The scores of ACT, FEF75, FEF50, MMEF72/MMEF25, and FeNO in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05), and the differences in other indexes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Between the young-age group and the elder group, there was no significant difference in all indexes in the observation group before and after treatment (P > 0.05). Conclusion Children with asthma of all ages can considerably benefit from sublingual immunotherapy. Specifically, younger patients showed greater tendency on the improvement of small airway resistance, whereas school-age children with asthma significantly improved their small airway resistance as well as their asthma control and inflammation alleviation.
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31
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Schwab AD, Poole JA. Mechanistic and Therapeutic Approaches to Occupational Exposure-Associated Allergic and Non-Allergic Asthmatic Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:313-324. [PMID: 37154874 PMCID: PMC10896074 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Occupational lung disease, including asthma, is a significant cause of disability worldwide. The dose, exposure frequency, and nature of the causal agent influence the inflammatory pathomechanisms that inform asthma disease phenotype and progression. While surveillance, systems engineering, and exposure mitigation strategies are essential preventative considerations, no targeted medical therapies are currently available to ameliorate lung injury post-exposure and prevent chronic airway disease development. RECENT FINDINGS This article reviews contemporary understanding of allergic and non-allergic occupational asthma mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the available therapeutic options, patient-specific susceptibility and prevention measures, and recent scientific advances in post-exposure treatment conception. The course of occupational lung disease that follows exposure is informed by individual predisposition, immunobiologic response, agent identity, overall environmental risk, and preventative workplace practices. When protective strategies fail, knowledge of underlying disease mechanisms is necessary to inform targeted therapy development to lessen occupational asthma disease severity and occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Schwab
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Jill A Poole
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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32
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Marsella R, White S, Fadok VA, Wilson D, Mueller R, Outerbridge C, Rosenkrantz W. Equine allergic skin diseases: Clinical consensus guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:175-208. [PMID: 37154488 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic skin diseases are common in horses worldwide. The most common causes are insect bites and environmental allergens. OBJECTIVES To review the current literature and provide consensus on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors reviewed the literature up to November 2022. Results were presented at North America Veterinary Dermatology Forum (2021) and European Veterinary Dermatology Congress (2021). The report was available to member organisations of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology for feedback. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the best characterised allergic skin disease. An immunoglobulin (Ig)E response against Culicoides salivary antigens is widely documented. Genetics and environmental factors play important roles. Tests with high sensitivity and specificity are lacking, and diagnosis of IBH is based on clinical signs, seasonality and response to insect control. Eosinophils, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-31 are explored as therapeutic targets. Presently, the most effective treatment is insect avoidance. Existing evidence does not support allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) using commercially available extracts of Culicoides. Hypersensitivity to environmental allergens (atopic dermatitis) is the next most common allergy. A role for IgE is supported by serological investigation, skin test studies and positive response to ASIT. Prospective, controlled, randomised studies are limited, and treatment relies largely on glucocorticoids, antihistamines and ASIT based on retrospective studies. Foods are known triggers for urticaria, yet their role in pruritic dermatitis is unknown. Recurrent urticaria is common in horses, yet our understanding is limited and focussed on IgE and T-helper 2 cell response. Prospective, controlled studies on treatments for urticaria are lacking. Glucocorticoids and antihistamines are primary reported treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - S White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - V A Fadok
- Zoetis, US PET CARE, Bellaire, Texas, USA
| | - D Wilson
- School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Mueller
- Medizinische Keleintierklinik, Zentrum für klinische Tiermedizin, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - C Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Nakagome K, Fujio K, Nagata M. Potential Effects of AIT on Nonspecific Allergic Immune Responses or Symptoms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113776. [PMID: 37297972 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a treatment in which clinically corresponding allergens are administered to patients with allergic diseases, either by subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) or sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), or by oral immunotherapy (OIT) in the case of food allergy. Since etiological allergens are administered to patients, AIT is presumed to modify mainly allergen-specific immune responses. In bronchial asthma, AIT with house dust mites (HDM) alleviates clinical symptoms, suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness, and reduces medication doses of HDM-sensitive asthmatics. Moreover, AIT can suppress the symptoms of other allergic diseases associated with asthma including allergic rhinitis. However, AIT sometimes reduces allergic symptoms not induced by the responsible allergens, such as non-targeted allergens, in clinical settings. Furthermore, AIT can suppress the spread of sensitization to new allergens that are not targeted allergens by AIT, suggesting the suppression of allergic immune responses in an allergen-nonspecific manner. In this review, the nonspecific suppression of allergic immune responses by AIT is discussed. AIT has been reported to increase regulatory T cells that produce IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, and IL-35, IL-10-producing regulatory B cells, and IL-10-producing innate lymphoid cells. These cells can suppress type-2 mediated immune responses mainly through the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines or a cell-cell contact mechanism, which may be involved in the nonspecific suppression of allergic immune responses by AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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Sahiner UM, Giovannini M, Escribese MM, Paoletti G, Heffler E, Alvaro Lozano M, Barber D, Canonica GW, Pfaar O. Mechanisms of Allergen Immunotherapy and Potential Biomarkers for Clinical Evaluation. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050845. [PMID: 37241015 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen-immunotherapy (AIT) is an efficacious and disease-modifying treatment option for IgE-mediated diseases. Among these allergic rhinitis, insect venom allergy, food allergy, and allergic asthma are the most common candidates for AIT. AIT gives rise to clinical immunotolerance which may last for years after the treatment cessation. Mechanisms of AIT include suppression of allergic inflammation in target tissues and stimulation of the production of blocking antibodies, especially IgG4 and IgA. These mechanisms are followed by a reduction of underlying allergen-specific Th2 cell-driven responses to the allergens. Tolerance induction takes place through the desensitization of effector cells and stimulation of regulatory T cells that show their effects by mechanisms involving cell-cell cross-talk, but also other mechanisms, e.g., by the production of immunomodulatory cytokines such as, e.g., IL-10 and TGF-beta. From a personalized medical perspective, there is a need for clinical biomarkers of value in selecting responders and optimizing patient care during AIT. Also, a deeper understanding of underlying mechanistic processes will improve AIT's future outcomes. In this paper, the current knowledge of mechanisms in AIT is reviewed with a special focus on biomarkers of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit M Sahiner
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Hacettepe University Childrens Hospital, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria M Escribese
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San PabloCEU, CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Montserrat Alvaro Lozano
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domingo Barber
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San PabloCEU, CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, University Hospital Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
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35
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Chiewchalermsri C, Sangkanjanavanich S, Pradubpongsa P, Mitthamsiri W, Jaisupa N, Jindarat S, Buranapraditkun S, Jacquet A, Sangasapaviliya A, Boonpiyathad T. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation in the Build-up Phase of House Dust Mite-Specific Immunotherapy. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:336-347. [PMID: 37075792 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.3.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D (VitD) is an immunomodulatory molecule capable of alleviating allergic symptoms. However, the effectiveness of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is not commonly evidenced in the early build-up phase. The aim of the study was to determine the potential of VitD supplementation in this treatment phase. METHODS Thirty-four house dust mite (HDM)-allergic adult patients treated with subcutaneous AIT were randomized to receive VitD2 60,000 IU/week or placebo for 10 weeks and followed up for 10 weeks. The primary endpoints were the symptom-medication score (SMS) and the treatment response rate. The secondary endpoints were eosinophil count and levels of plasma IL-10, Der p 2-specific IgG4, and dysfunctional regulatory T (CRTH2+ Treg) cells. RESULTS Of 34 patients, 15 in each group completed the study. Patients with VitD deficiency receiving a VitD supplement showed significantly lower mean change SMS than the placebo group in weeks 10 (mean difference -54.54%, P = 0.007) and 20 (mean difference -42.69%, P = 0.04). The percentage of treatment responders reached 78% and 50% in the VitD and placebo groups, respectively, and the effect remained in week 20 (89% and 60%). No significant difference was observed for the tested immunological read-outs, with the exception of the frequency of CRTH2+ Treg cells, which was remarkably reduced in the VitD-treated patients. Moreover, improvement in SMS was correlated to the number of CRTH2+ Treg cells. Our in vitro experiment indicated that VitD downregulated activation markers, whereas it improved the function of CRTH2+ Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS VitD supplementation in the build-up phase of AIT could relieve symptoms and decrease Treg cell dysfunction, especially in patients with VitD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirawat Chiewchalermsri
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sasipa Sangkanjanavanich
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panitan Pradubpongsa
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wat Mitthamsiri
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattapon Jaisupa
- Department of Pharmacology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Jindarat
- Department of Pharmacology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atik Sangasapaviliya
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tadech Boonpiyathad
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Fiala S, Fleit HB. Clinical and experimental treatment of allergic asthma with an emphasis on allergen immunotherapy and its mechanisms. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:14-28. [PMID: 36879430 PMCID: PMC10081111 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only form of treatment that modifies allergic asthma. Pharmacotherapy alone seeks to control the symptoms of allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other atopic conditions. In contrast, AIT can induce long-term physiological modifications through the immune system. AIT enables individuals to live improved lives many years after treatment ends, where they are desensitized to the allergen(s) used or no longer have significant allergic reactions upon allergen provocation. The leading forms of treatment with AIT involve injections of allergen extracts with increasing doses via the subcutaneous route or drops/tablets via the sublingual route for several years. Since the initial attempts at this treatment as early as 1911 by Leonard Noon, the mechanisms by which AIT operates remain unclear. This literature-based review provides the primary care practitioner with a current understanding of the mechanisms of AIT, including its treatment safety, protocols, and long-term efficacy. The primary mechanisms underlying AIT include changes in immunoglobulin classes (IgA, IgE, and IgG), immunosuppressive regulatory T-cell induction, helper T cell type 2 to helper T cell type 1 cell/cytokine profile shifts, decreased early-phase reaction activity and mediators, and increased production of IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β, and IFN-γ. Using the databases PubMed and Embase, a selective literature search was conducted searching for English, full-text, reviews published between 2015 and 2022 using the keywords (with wildcards) "allerg*," "immunotherap*," "mechanis*," and "asthma." Among the cited references, additional references were identified using a manual search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fiala
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Howard B Fleit
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Pratama YA, Marhaeny HD, Rohmah L, Kasatu SM, Nurhan AD, Rahmadi M, Khotib J. Allergic rhinitis behavioral changes after Indonesian house dust mites allergenic extract administration as immunotherapy. J Public Health Afr 2023. [PMID: 37492532 PMCID: PMC10365652 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction that is generally mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE). More than 25% of the world’s population is suspected of having these various diseases, and the prevalence and progression of these diseases have continued to increase significantly in recent years. Among these allergy-related diseases, allergic rhinitis and food allergy are the types of allergies with the highest prevalence. Clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis include sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, and nasal congestion.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the behavioral changes of allergic rhinitis after Indonesian House Dust Mites (IHDM) allergenic extract administration as an immunotherapy.
Methods: Eight male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks in each group were treated for seven groups. The sensitization phase is given intraperitoneal, the desensitization phase is given by subcutaneous, and the challenge phase is given intranasal. The allergic parameters were observed, such as nose rubbing and sneezing. The parameters were observed for 15 minutes after the challenge administration.
Results: The results showed that the administration of Indonesian House Dust Mites as immunotherapy decreased the frequency of nose rubbing and sneezing after the administration of immunotherapy compared to the allergic rhinitis model.
Conclusions: The administration of the Indonesia House Dust Mites as immunotherapy decreased the allergic rhinitis immune response by altering the behavioral parameter.
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38
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055001. [PMID: 36902434 PMCID: PMC10003326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. The activation of TRPV-ion channels results in an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, induces the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators and contributes to the maintenance of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) in diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo and rosacea. Immune cells present in the skin (mononuclear cells, dendritic cells and mast cells) also express TRPV1, and their activation directly affects their function. The activation of TRPV1 channels mediates communication between sensory nerve endings and skin immune cells, increasing the release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and neuropeptides). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation, activation and modulation of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter receptors in cutaneous cells can aid in the development of effective treatments for inflammatory skin disorders.
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Miller MH, Swaby LG, Vailoces VS, LaFratta M, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Hitchcock DJ, Jewett TJ, Zhang B, Tigno-Aranjuez JT. LMAN1 is a receptor for house dust mite allergens. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112208. [PMID: 36870056 PMCID: PMC10105285 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of therapies with the potential to change the allergic asthmatic disease course will require the discovery of targets that play a central role during the initiation of an allergic response, such as those involved in the process of allergen recognition. We use a receptor glycocapture technique to screen for house dust mite (HDM) receptors and identify LMAN1 as a candidate. We verify the ability of LMAN1 to directly bind HDM allergens and demonstrate that LMAN1 is expressed on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs) and airway epithelial cells (AECs) in vivo. Overexpression of LMAN1 downregulates NF-κB signaling in response to inflammatory cytokines or HDM. HDM promotes binding of LMAN1 to the FcRγ and recruitment of SHP1. Last, peripheral DCs of asthmatic individuals show a significant reduction in the expression of LMAN1 compared with healthy controls. These findings have potential implications for the development of therapeutic interventions for atopic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn H Miller
- Biotechnology and Immunology Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Lindsay G Swaby
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Vanessa S Vailoces
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Maggie LaFratta
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Dorilyn J Hitchcock
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Travis J Jewett
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Justine T Tigno-Aranjuez
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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Current advances in house dust mite allergen immunotherapy (AIT): Routes of administration, biomarkers and molecular allergen profiling. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:124-134. [PMID: 36806944 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Allergy to house dust mites (HDM) is a perennial respiratory disease that affect more than half a billion people worldwide. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, two HDM species, are major sources of indoor allergens triggering allergic inflammation. Although symptomatic drugs are widely used to block the allergic reaction, allergen immunotherapy is the only curative treatment of IgE-mediated type I respiratory allergies. In this article, we review recent advances in various routes of allergen immunotherapy. We particularly focus on subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) immunotherapy, used as a reference therapy since they have transformed allergic treatments by improving symptoms (asthma and rhinitis) as well as the quality of life of patients. We also highlight recent data in more exploratory routes (i.e., oral, intralymphatic, epicutaneous and intradermal) and discuss respective advantages of various route, as well as their foreseen modes of action. Finally, we provide an update on biomarkers as well as on the relevance of the molecular profiling of allergic individuals related to treatment efficacy or asthma prediction.
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McKenzie CI, Varese N, Aui PM, Reinwald S, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Thien F, Hew M, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE, van Zelm MC. RNA sequencing of single allergen-specific memory B cells after grass pollen immunotherapy: Two unique cell fates and CD29 as a biomarker for treatment effect. Allergy 2023; 78:822-835. [PMID: 36153670 PMCID: PMC10952829 DOI: 10.1111/all.15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for grass pollen allergy can modify the natural history of allergic rhinitis and is associated with increased allergen-specific IgG4 . IgG4 competitively inhibits functional IgE on the surface of effector cells, such as mast cells and basophils, from binding to allergens. To further understand the important role memory B-cell (Bmem) responses play in mediating the beneficial effects of SLIT, we assessed changes in allergen-specific Bmem subsets induced by SLIT for grass pollen allergy. METHODS Blood samples were collected twice outside the pollen season from twenty-seven patients with sensitization to ryegrass pollen (RGP; Lolium perenne) and seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. Thirteen received 4-month pre-seasonal SLIT for grass pollen allergy, and 14 received standard pharmacotherapy only. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on FACS-purified Lol p 1-specific Bmem before and after SLIT from four patients, and significant genes were validated by flow cytometry on the total cohort. RESULTS Four months of SLIT increased RGP-specific IgE and IgG4 in serum and induced two Lol p 1-specific Bmem subsets with unique transcriptional profiles. Both subsets had upregulated expression of beta 1 integrin ITGB1 (CD29), whereas IGHE (IgE), IGHG4 (IgG4 ), FCER2 (CD23), and IL13RA1 were upregulated in one subset. There was an increase in the proportion of Lol p 1+ Bmem expressing surface IgG4 , CD23, and CD29 after SLIT. CONCLUSIONS A clinically successful 4 months course of SLIT for grass pollen allergy induces two transcriptionally unique Bmem fates. Associated changes in surface-expressed proteins on these Bmem subsets can be used as early biomarkers for treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig I. McKenzie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nirupama Varese
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Pei Mun Aui
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Simone Reinwald
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Bruce D. Wines
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Immune Therapies GroupBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PathologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - P. Mark Hogarth
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Immune Therapies GroupBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PathologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Francis Thien
- Respiratory Medicine, Eastern HealthBox Hill and Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mark Hew
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical ImmunologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jennifer M. Rolland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robyn E. O'Hehir
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical ImmunologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Menno C. van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical ImmunologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Sánchez J, Alvarez L, García E. Real-world study: drug reduction in children with allergic rhinitis and asthma receiving immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:253-266. [PMID: 36789565 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The reduction of pharmacological treatment after allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for house dust mites (HDMs) has been little studied in children. Objective: To evaluate the reduction of pharmacological treatment comparing children that receive HDM immunotherapy (AIT group) versus only pharmacotherapy. Methods: A historic cohort of children with rhinitis or asthma was assessed. The main outcome was the frequency of complete drug discontinuation. Results: 100% drug reduction was higher for rhinitis (4-year cumulative incidence: 30 vs 10.7%) and asthma (24.1 vs 10.5%) in the AIT group (n = 987) than in the pharmacotherapy group (n = 2012). Conclusion: Immunotherapy is associated with a significant reduction of pharmacotherapy in children. This is a marker of clinical control and could be associated with positive economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sánchez
- Group of Clinical & Experimental Allergy, University of Antioquia, Hospital "Alma Mater de Antioquia", Medellín, Carrera 51A #62-42, Colombia
| | - Leidy Alvarez
- Academic Group of Clinical Epidemiology (GRAEPIC), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Carrera 51A #62-42, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth García
- ORL Quirurgy Medical Unit "UNIMEQ ORL", Bogotá, Ak. 9 # 116-20, Colombia
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43
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Zhang Z, Li XM, Wang H, Lin H, Xiao H, Li Z. Seafood allergy: Allergen, epitope mapping and immunotherapy strategy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1314-1338. [PMID: 36825451 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Seafoods are fashionable delicacies with high nutritional values and culinary properties, while seafood belongs to worldwide common food allergens. In recent years, many seafood allergens have been identified, while the diversity of various seafood species give a great challenge in identifying and characterizing seafood allergens, mapping IgE-binding epitopes and allergen immunotherapy development, which are critical for allergy diagnostics and immunotherapy treatments. This paper reviewed the recent progress on seafood (fish, crustacean, and mollusk) allergens, IgE-binding epitopes and allergen immunotherapy for seafood allergy. In recent years, many newly identified seafood allergens were reported, this work concluded the current situation of seafood allergen identification and designation by the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee. Moreover, this review represented the recent advances in identifying the IgE-binding epitopes of seafood allergens, which were helpful to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment for seafood allergy. Furthermore, the allergen immunotherapy could alleviate seafood allergy and provide promising approaches for seafood allergy treatment. This review represents the recent advances and future outlook on seafood allergen identification, IgE-binding epitope mapping and allergen immunotherapy strategies for seafood allergy prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Berjont N, Floch VVBL, O'Hehir RE, Canonica WG, van Zelm MC, Batard T, Mascarell L. Early increase in serum specific IgG2 upon allergen immunotherapy with a 300 IR sublingual house dust mite tablet. Allergy 2023. [PMID: 36809660 DOI: 10.1111/all.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robyn E O'Hehir
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Walter G Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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45
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Salivary IgG4 Levels Contribute to Assessing the Efficacy of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Children with Asthma or Allergic Rhinitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041665. [PMID: 36836200 PMCID: PMC9963254 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, there are no effective, non-invasive, and objective indicators to evaluate the efficacy of pediatric house dust mite (HDM)-specific allergen immunotherapy (AIT). A prospective, observational study was performed in children with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (AR). Forty-four patients received subcutaneous Der p-AIT for 2 years, and eleven patients received only symptomatic treatment. The patients needed to finish their questionnaires at each visit. Serum and salivary Der p-specific IgE, IgG4, and IgE-blocking factors (IgE-BFs) were measured at 0, 4, 12, and 24 months during AIT. A correlation between them was also evaluated. Subcutaneous Der p-specific AIT improved the clinical symptoms of children with asthma and/or AR. The Der p-specific IgE-BF significantly increased at 4, 12, and 24 months after AIT treatment. Serum and salivary Der p-specific IgG4 significantly increased with the time of the AIT treatment, and significant correlations between them at different time points were observed (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant correlations (R = 0.31-0.62) between the serum Der p-specific IgE-BF and Der p-specific IgG4 at the baseline, 4, 12, and 24 months after the AIT (p < 0.01). The salivary Der p-specific IgG4 levels also demonstrated a certain correlation with the Der p-specific IgE-BF. Der p-specific AIT is an effective treatment for children with asthma and/or AR. Its effect was associated with increased serum and salivary-specific IgG4 levels, as well as an increased IgE-BF. Non-invasive salivary-specific IgG4 may be useful for monitoring the efficacy of AIT in children.
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Magnan A, Nicolas JF, Caimmi D, Vocanson M, Haddad T, Colas L, Scurati S, Mascarell L, Shamji MH. Deciphering Differential Behavior of Immune Responses as the Foundation for Precision Dosing in Allergen Immunotherapy. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020324. [PMID: 36836557 PMCID: PMC9964800 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Like in many fields of medicine, the concept of precision dosing has re-emerged in routine practice in allergology. Only one retrospective study on French physicians' practice has addressed this topic so far and generated preliminary data supporting dose adaptation, mainly based on experience, patient profile understanding and response to treatment. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors shape the individual immune system response to allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Herein, we focus on key immune cells (i.e., dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, B and T cells, basophils and mast cells) involved in allergic disease and its resolution to further understand the effect of AIT on the phenotype, frequency or polarization of these cells. We strive to discriminate differences in immune responses between responders and non-responders to AIT, and discuss the eligibility of a non/low-responder subset for dose adaptation. A differential behavior in immune cells is clearly observed in responders, highlighting the importance of conducting clinical trials with large cohorts of well-characterized subjects to decipher the immune mechanism of AIT. We conclude that there is a need for designing new clinical and mechanistic studies to support the scientific rationale of dose adaptation in the interest of patients who do not properly respond to AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Magnan
- INRAe UMR 0892, Hôpital Foch, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Paris-Saclay, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon1 University, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Davide Caimmi
- Allergy Unit, Department Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon1 University, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Haddad
- Dermatology, Allergology and Vascular Medicine, Tenon Hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Luc Colas
- Plateforme Transversale d’Allergologie, Clinique Dermatologique, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
- UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Silvia Scurati
- Stallergenes Greer, 92160 Antony, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-6-12-88-40-93
| | | | - Mohamed H. Shamji
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London W2 1NY, UK
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Fernandes AMS, da Silva ES, Silveira EF, Belitardo EMMDA, Santiago LF, Silva RC, Dos Santos Alves V, Carneiro DM, Ferreira F, Jacquet A, Pacheco LGC, Alcantara-Neves NM, Pinheiro CS. Recombinant T-cell epitope conjugation: A new approach for Dermatophagoides hypoallergen design. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:198-209. [PMID: 36176209 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only clinical approach that can potentially cure some allergic diseases by inducing immunological tolerance. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is considered as the most important source of mite allergens worldwide, with high sensitization rates for the major allergens Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23. The aim of this work is to generate a hypoallergenic hybrid molecule containing T-cell epitopes from these three major allergens. METHODS The hybrid protein termed Der p 2231 containing T-cell epitopes was purified by affinity chromatography. The human IgE reactivity was verified by comparing those with the parental allergens. The hybrid was also characterized immunologically through an in vivo mice model. RESULTS The hybrid rDer p 2231 stimulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from allergic patients with higher levels of IL- 2, IL-10, IL-15 and IFN-γ, as well as lower levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α and GM-CSF. The use of hybrid molecules as a therapeutic model in D. pteronyssinus allergic mice led to the reduction of IgE production and lower eosinophilic peroxidase activity in the airways. We found increased levels of IgG antibodies that blocked the IgE binding to the parental allergens in the serum of allergic patients. Furthermore, the stimulation of splenocytes from mice treated with rDer p 2231 induced higher levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ and decreased the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5, when compared with parental allergens and D. pteronyssinus extract. CONCLUSIONS rDer p 2231 has the potential to be used in AIT in patients co-sensitized with D. pteronyssinus major allergens, once it was able to reduce IgE production, inducing allergen-specific blocking antibodies, restoring and balancing Th1/Th2 immune responses, and inducing regulatory T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Programas de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elisânia Fontes Silveira
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Freire Santiago
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Raphael Chagas Silva
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vitor Dos Santos Alves
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Deise Malta Carneiro
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Luis Gustavo Carvalho Pacheco
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Programas de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Alcantara-Neves
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Programas de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carina Silva Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Programas de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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48
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Abdullah B, Pawankar R, Abdul Latiff AH, Woo KCK, Wüstenberg E, Khalid MAF, Xiang YZ, Husain S, Mohammad N, Md Shukri N. Malaysian Society of Allergy and Immunology Consensus Statement on Sublingual Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031151. [PMID: 36769797 PMCID: PMC9918058 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated inflammatory disease of the upper airway. AR affects the patients' quality of life, is a known risk factor for asthma and a socio-economic burden. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), comprising sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), involves administering increasing doses of the causative allergen to induce clinical and immunologic tolerance to the allergens. It is the only currently available treatment for AR that has been proven to induce disease-modifying effects (i.e., long-term remission of allergic symptoms or potential prevention of asthma and new sensitizations). Although AIT is conventionally recommended for patients who are non-responsive to symptom-relieving pharmacotherapy, it is presently recommended as a first-line treatment for patients with moderate to severe AR who prefer a treatment with the potential for long-term remission. In light of the relatively recent implementation of AIT in Malaysia, guidelines on its appropriate indication and application are important to attain optimal outcomes. This consensus statement was developed by an expert group formed by the Malaysian Society of Allergy and Immunology to provide evidence-based recommendations for the practice of AIT in Malaysia. Patient and product selection, choice of AIT, and strategy towards an effective treatment outcome in AIT are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharudin Abdullah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +60-9-7676416
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | | | - Kent Chee Keen Woo
- Allergy & Immunology, Gleneagles Hospital, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur 50450, Malaysia
| | - Eike Wüstenberg
- ALK-Abelló Arzneimittel GmbH, 22763 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dresden University, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohamad Azizul Fitri Khalid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar 05460, Malaysia
| | - Yeoh Zhi Xiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar 05460, Malaysia
| | - Salina Husain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nurashikin Mohammad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Norasnieda Md Shukri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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49
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Su Q, Ren N, Feng M, Zeng X, Dong Y, Xian M, Shi X, Luo T, Liu G, Li J. Specific immunoglobulin G4 correlates with Th2 cytokine reduction in patients with allergic asthma treated by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus subcutaneous immunotherapy. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100715. [PMID: 36820309 PMCID: PMC9937843 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The modulations of lymphocyte subsets and cytokine production due to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) are not fully clarified. Objective We investigated the changes in T-lymphocyte subsets and serum Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-specific immunoglobulin G4 (Der-p sIgG4), as well as cytokine production during Der-p SCIT, in patients with allergic asthma. Methods This study involved 20 patients with allergic asthma who were receiving 156-week Der-p SCIT and 20 patients without SCIT (non-SCIT). We measured symptom and medication scores (SMS), serum Der-p sIgG4 levels, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg), CD4+IL-4-IFN-γ+ T-helper (Th) 1, and CD4+IL-4+IFN-γ- Th2 lymphocyte percentages in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with/without Der-p extract stimulation at weeks 0, 4, 12, 16, 52, 104, and 156. Cytokine release inhibition assays were performed by incubation with serum from SCIT and non-SCIT patients, Der-p allergen, and PBMCs. Levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were evaluated in supernatant. Results We found that SCIT patients had significantly lower SMS after week 52. Der-p sIgG4 levels in SCIT patients significantly increased at week 16 compared with non-SCIT subjects. CD4+IL-4+IFN-γ- Th2% in SCIT patients showed a significant decrease from weeks 104-156 compared with week 0, while no change was observed in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg and CD4+IL-4-IFN-γ+ Th1 percentages. IL-5, IL-13, IL-4, IL-17, and TNF-α levels in supernatant of PBMCs cultured with serum of SCIT patients after 16 weeks showed significant lower levels compared with non-SCIT patients, and showed significant reverse associations with Der-p sIgG4 levels. Conclusion SCIT induced Dep-p sIgG4 may be involved in downregulating Th2 cytokine production in Der-p allergic asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujuan Su
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nina Ren
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mulin Feng
- Yangjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, China
| | - Xueni Zeng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo Xian
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Luo
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Yangjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, China,Corresponding author. Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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50
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Layhadi JA, Moya R, Tan TJ, Lenormand MM, Sharif H, Parkin RV, Vila-Nadal G, Fedina O, Zhu R, Laisuan W, Durham SR, Carnés J, Shamji MH. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies precise tolerogenic cellular and molecular pathways induced by depigmented-polymerized grass pollen allergen extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1357-1370.e9. [PMID: 36649758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunologic mechanism of action of allergoids remains poorly understood. Previous models of allergenicity and immunogenicity have yielded suboptimal knowledge of these immunotherapeutic vaccine products. Novel single-cell RNA sequencing technology offers a bridge to this gap in knowledge. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the underpinning tolerogenic molecular and cellular mechanisms of depigmented-polymerized Phleum pratense (Phl p) extract. METHODS The molecular mechanisms underlying native Phl p, depigmented Phl p (DPG-Phl p), and depigmented-polymerized (DPG-POL-Phl p) allergoid were investigated by single-cell RNA sequencing. Allergen-specific TH2A, T follicular helper (Tfh), and IL-10+ regulatory B cells were quantified by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 16 grass pollen-allergic and 8 nonatopic control subjects. The ability of Phl p, DPG-Phl p, and DPG-POL-Phl p to elicit FcεRI- and FcεRII-mediated IgE responses was measured by basophil activation test and IgE-facilitated allergen binding assay. RESULTS Analysis revealed that DPG-POL-Phl p downregulated genes associated with TH2 signaling, induced functional regulatory T cells exhibiting immunosuppressive roles through CD52 and Siglec-10, modulated genes encoding immunoproteasome that dysregulate the processing and presentation of antigens to T cells and promoted a shift from IgE toward an IgA1 and IgG responses. In grass pollen-allergic subjects, DPG-POL-Phl p exhibited reduced capacity to elicit proliferation of TH2A, IL-4+ Tfh and IL-21+ Tfh cells while being the most prominent at inducing IL-10+CD19+CD5hi and IL-10+CD19+CD5hiCD38intCD24int regulatory B-cell subsets compared to Phl p (all P < .05). Furthermore, DPG-POL-Phl p demonstrated a hypoallergenic profile through basophil activation and histamine release compared to Phl p (31.54-fold, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Single-cell RNA sequencing provides an in-depth resolution of the mechanisms underlying the tolerogenic profile of DPG-POL-Phl p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice A Layhadi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Moya
- R&D Allergy & Immunology Unit, LETI Pharma SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiak Ju Tan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Madison M Lenormand
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanisah Sharif
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Rebecca V Parkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Vila-Nadal
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oleksandra Fedina
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rongfei Zhu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wannada Laisuan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Durham
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerónimo Carnés
- R&D Allergy & Immunology Unit, LETI Pharma SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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