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Zhou ZW, Ji K, Zhu XY, Wu XY, Lin RT, Xie CC, Cai ZL, Chen JJ. Natural isoflavone formononetin inhibits IgE-mediated mast cell activation and allergic inflammation by increasing IgE receptor degradation. Food Funct 2023; 14:2857-2869. [PMID: 36880662 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03997d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig)E-associated mast cell (MC) activation triggers pro-inflammatory signals that underlie type I allergic diseases. Here, we examined the effects of the natural isoflavone formononetin (FNT) on IgE-mediated MC activation and associated mechanisms of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) signal inhibition. The effects of FNT on the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase (β-hex), and expression of signaling proteins and ubiquitin (Ub)-specific proteases (USPs) were analyzed in two sensitized/stimulated MC lines. FcεRIγ-USP interactions were detected by co-immunoprecipitation (IP). FNT dose-dependently inhibited β-hex activity, histamine release, and inflammatory cytokine expression in FcεRI-activated MCs. FNT suppressed IgE-induced NF-κB and MAPK activity in MCs. The oral administration of FNT attenuated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) reactions in mice. FNT reduced the FcεRIγ chain expression, via increased proteasome-mediated degradation, and induced FcεRIγ ubiquitination by inhibiting USP5 and/or USP13. FNT and USP inhibition may be useful for suppressing IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wen Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Kunmei Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xue-Yan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xin-Ying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Ruo-Tong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Chu-Chu Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Ze-Lang Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jia-Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Asthma and Anaphylaxis—interconnected entities. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-022-00324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Mast cells originate from the CD34+/CD117+ hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow, migrate into circulation, and ultimately mature and reside in peripheral tissues. Microbiota/metabolites and certain immune cells (e.g., Treg cells) play a key role in maintaining immune tolerance. Cross-linking of allergen-specific IgE on mast cells activates the high-affinity membrane-bound receptor FcεRI, thereby initiating an intracellular signal cascade, leading to degranulation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. The intracellular signal transduction is intricately regulated by various kinases, transcription factors, and cytokines. Importantly, multiple signal components in the FcεRI-mast cell–mediated allergic cascade can be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Pharmacological interventions that include therapeutic antibodies against IgE, FcεRI, and cytokines as well as inhibitors/activators of several key intracellular signaling molecues have been used to inhibit allergic reactions. Other factors that are not part of the signal pathway but can enhance an individual’s susceptibility to allergen stimulation are referred to as cofactors. Herein, we provide a mechanistic overview of the FcεRI-mast cell–mediated allergic signaling. This will broaden our scope and visions on specific preventive and therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of mast cell–associated hypersensitivity reactions.
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López-Sanz C, Jiménez-Saiz R, Esteban V, Delgado-Dolset MI, Perales-Chorda C, Villaseñor A, Barber D, Escribese MM. Mast Cell Desensitization in Allergen Immunotherapy. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:898494. [PMID: 35847161 PMCID: PMC9278139 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.898494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment with disease-transforming potential for allergic disorders. The immunological mechanisms associated with AIT can be divided along time in two phases: short-term, involving mast cell (MC) desensitization; and long-term, with a regulatory T cell (Treg) response with significant reduction of eosinophilia. This regulatory response is induced in about 70% of patients and lasts up to 3 years after AIT cessation. MC desensitization is characteristic of the initial phase of AIT and it is often related to its success. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved in allergen-specific MC desensitization, or the connection between MC desensitization and the development of a Treg arm, are poorly understood. The major AIT challenges are its long duration, the development of allergic reactions during AIT, and the lack of efficacy in a considerable proportion of patients. Therefore, reaching a better understanding of the immunology of AIT will help to tackle these short-comings and, particularly, to predict responder-patients. In this regard, omics strategies are empowering the identification of predictive and follow-up biomarkers in AIT. Here, we review the immunological mechanisms underlying AIT with a focus on MC desensitization and AIT-induced adverse reactions. Also, we discuss the identification of novel biomarkers with predictive potential that could improve the rational use of AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia López-Sanz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Delgado-Dolset
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Perales-Chorda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Barber
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - María M. Escribese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: María M. Escribese
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Optimizing drug inhibition of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:671-684.e9. [PMID: 34186142 PMCID: PMC9187951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administering allergens in increasing doses can temporarily suppress IgE-mediated allergy and anaphylaxis by desensitizing mast cells and basophils; however, allergen administration during desensitization therapy can itself induce allergic responses. Several small molecule drugs and nutraceuticals have been used clinically and experimentally to suppress these allergic responses. OBJECTIVES This study sought to optimize drug inhibition of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. METHODS Several agents were tested individually and in combination for ability to suppress IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in conventional mice, FcεRIα-humanized mice, and reconstituted immunodeficient mice that have human mast cells and basophils. Hypothermia was the readout for anaphylaxis; therapeutic efficacy was measured by degree of inhibition of hypothermia. Serum mouse mast cell protease 1 level was used to measure extent of mast cell degranulation. RESULTS Histamine receptor 1 (HR1) antagonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor were best at individually inhibiting IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. A Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, administered alone, only inhibited hypothermia when FcεRI signaling was suboptimal. Combinations of these agents could completely or nearly completely inhibit IgE-mediated hypothermia in these models. Both Syk and BTK inhibition decreased mast cell degranulation, but only Syk inhibition also blocked desensitization. Many other agents that are used clinically and experimentally had little or no beneficial effect. CONCLUSIONS Combinations of an HR1 antagonist, a β-adrenergic agonist, and a Syk or a BTK inhibitor protect best against IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, while an HR1 antagonist plus a β-adrenergic agonist ± a BTK antagonist is optimal for inhibiting IgE-mediated anaphylaxis without suppressing desensitization.
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Arthur GK, Cruse G. Regulation of Trafficking and Signaling of the High Affinity IgE Receptor by FcεRIβ and the Potential Impact of FcεRIβ Splicing in Allergic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020788. [PMID: 35054974 PMCID: PMC8776166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that function in both innate and adaptive immunity through the release of both preformed granule-stored mediators, and newly generated proinflammatory mediators that contribute to the generation of both the early and late phases of the allergic inflammatory response. Although mast cells can be activated by a vast array of mediators to contribute to homeostasis and pathophysiology in diverse settings and contexts, in this review, we will focus on the canonical setting of IgE-mediated activation and allergic inflammation. IgE-dependent activation of mast cells occurs through the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, which is a multimeric receptor complex that, once crosslinked by antigen, triggers a cascade of signaling to generate a robust response in mast cells. Here, we discuss FcεRI structure and function, and describe established and emerging roles of the β subunit of FcεRI (FcεRIβ) in regulating mast cell function and FcεRI trafficking and signaling. We discuss current approaches to target IgE and FcεRI signaling and emerging approaches that could target FcεRIβ specifically. We examine how alternative splicing of FcεRIβ alters protein function and how manipulation of splicing could be employed as a therapeutic approach. Targeting FcεRI directly and/or IgE binding to FcεRI are promising approaches to therapeutics for allergic inflammation. The characteristic role of FcεRIβ in both trafficking and signaling of the FcεRI receptor complex, the specificity to IgE-mediated activation pathways, and the preferential expression in mast cells and basophils, makes FcεRIβ an excellent, but challenging, candidate for therapeutic strategies in allergy and asthma, if targeting can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer K. Arthur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Glenn Cruse
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-515-8865
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7
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Wang Y, Wang T, Cai M, Zhu S, Song L, Wang Q. Expression and existence forms of mast cell activating molecules and their antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 10:235-240. [PMID: 34784451 PMCID: PMC8767519 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mast cells are regarded as a kind of classical anaphylaxis cells. However autoimmune diseases and allergic reactions have many similarities or overlaps. A large number of papers have proved that mast cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is speculated that IgE, anti-IgE antibodies, FcεRI, and anti-FcεRI antibodies activate mast cells through autoimmune pathways and participate in the disease process of SLE. Naturally occurring protein molecules not only exist in monomer form, but also in polymer of protein molecules. Therefore, whether IgE, FcεRIα, anti-IgE antibodies, and anti-FcεRI antibodies also exist in polymeric forms in the natural state is worthy of further investigation. METHODS The serum samples and clinical data of 131 patients with SLE were collected from Qilu Hospital (Qingdao). Sixty healthy individuals were collected as the control group. Serum FcεRIα, anti-IgE, and anti-FcεRI were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum IgE was detected by rate scatter nephelometry. A Chinese hamster ovarian cancer cell line CHO3D10 transfected with human FcεRIα was cultured and the cell protein extract was prepared. The existence forms of FcεRIα in the cell protein extract were detected by the native-page method. RESULTS The serum FcεRIα in SLE patients was significantly higher than that in control group (3.52 [2.18, 4.71] µg/ml and 1.87 [1.52, 2.33] µg/ml, respectively; p < .05). Anti-IgE was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.85 [0.55, 1.21] µg/ml and 1.23 [0.95, 1.58] µg/ml, respectively; p < .05). The CHO3D10 cell line expressed the FcεRIα, which had one kind of monomer (mFcεRIα) and two kinds of polymers (pFcεRIα) in the degeneration conditions. CONCLUSION In patients with SLE, the expression of FcεRIα was increased and the level of anti-IgE was decreased. FcεRIα had one kind of monomer and two kinds of polymers. Mast cell-associated FcεRIα involved in the inflammatory lesion of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Tengkai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meijuan Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Tontini C, Bulfone-Paus S. Novel Approaches in the Inhibition of IgE-Induced Mast Cell Reactivity in Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613461. [PMID: 34456900 PMCID: PMC8387944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy is an IgE-dependent type-I hypersensitivity reaction that can lead to life-threatening systemic symptoms such as anaphylaxis. In the pathogenesis of the allergic response, the common upstream event is the binding of allergens to specific IgE, inducing cross-linking of the high-affinity FcεRI on mast cells, triggering cellular degranulation and the release of histamine, proteases, lipids mediators, cytokines and chemokines with inflammatory activity. A number of novel therapeutic options to curb mast cell activation are in the pipeline for the treatment of severe allergies. In addition to anti-IgE therapy and allergen-specific immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies targeted against several key Th2/alarmin cytokines (i.e. IL-4Rα, IL-33, TSLP), active modification of allergen-specific IgE (i.e. inhibitory compounds, monoclonal antibodies, de-sialylation), engagement of inhibitory receptors on mast cells and allergen-specific adjuvant vaccines, are new promising options to inhibit the uncontrolled release of mast cell mediators upon allergen exposure. In this review, we critically discuss the novel approaches targeting mast cells limiting allergic responses and the immunological mechanisms involved, with special interest on food allergy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tontini
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Khodoun MV, Morris SC, Shao WH, Potter C, Angerman E, Kiselev A, Yarawsky AE, Herr AB, Klausz K, Otte A, Peipp M, Finkelman FD. Suppression of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis and food allergy with monovalent anti-FcεRIα mAbs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1838-1854.e4. [PMID: 33326804 PMCID: PMC8215870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cell and basophil activation by antigen cross-linking of FcεRI-bound IgE is central to allergy pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated global suppression of this process by rapid desensitization with anti-FcεRIα mAbs. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether use of monovalent (mv) anti-FcεRIα mAbs increases desensitization safety without loss of efficacy. METHODS mv anti-human (hu) FcεRIα mAbs were produced with mouse-derived immunoglobulin variable regions and huIgG1 or huIgG4 C regions and were used to suppress murine IgE-mediated anaphylaxis and food allergy. mAbs were administered as a single dose or as serially increasing doses to mice that express hu instead of mouse FcεRIα; mice that additionally have an allergy-promoting IL-4Rα mutation; and hu cord blood-reconstituted immunodeficient, hu cytokine-secreting, mice that have large numbers of activated hu mast cells. Anaphylaxis susceptibility was sometimes increased by treatment with IL-4 or a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. RESULTS mv anti-hu FcεRIα mAbs are considerably less able than divalent mAbs are to induce anaphylaxis and deplete mast cell and basophil IgE, but mv mAbs still strongly suppress IgE-mediated disease. The mv mAbs can be safely administered as a single large dose to mice with typical susceptibility to anaphylaxis, while a rapid desensitization approach safely suppresses disease in mice with increased susceptibility. Our huIgG4 variant of mv anti-huFcεRIα mAb is safer than our huIgG1 variant is, apparently because reduced interactions with FcεRs decrease ability to indirectly cross-link FcεRI. CONCLUSIONS mv anti-FcεRIα mAbs more safely suppress IgE-mediated anaphylaxis and food allergy than divalent variants of the same mAbs do. These mv mAbs may be useful for suppression of huIgE-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat V Khodoun
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Suzanne C Morris
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wen-Hai Shao
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Crystal Potter
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth Angerman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Artem Kiselev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander E Yarawsky
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Otte
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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10
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Gilhar A, Reich K, Keren A, Kabashima K, Steinhoff M, Paus R. Mouse models of atopic dermatitis: a critical reappraisal. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:319-336. [PMID: 33368555 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models for atopic dermatitis (AD) are an indispensable preclinical research tool for testing new candidate AD therapeutics and for interrogating AD pathobiology in vivo. In this Viewpoint, we delineate why, unfortunately, none of the currently available so-called "AD" mouse models satisfactorily reflect the clinical complexity of human AD, but imitate more "allergic" or "irriant" contact dermatitis conditions. This limits the predictive value of AD models for clinical outcomes of new tested candidate AD therapeutics and the instructiveness of mouse models for human AD pathophysiology research. Here, we propose to initiate a rational debate on the minimal criteria that a mouse model should meet in order to be considered relevant for human AD. We suggest that valid AD models should at least meet the following criteria: (a) an AD-like epidermal barrier defect with reduced filaggrin expression along with hyperproliferation, hyperplasia; (b) increased epidermal expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), periostin and/or chemokines such as TARC (CCL17); (c) a characteristic dermal immune cell infiltrate with overexpression of some key cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13, IL-31 and IL-33; (d) distinctive "neurodermatitis" features (sensory skin hyperinnervation, defective beta-adrenergic signalling, neurogenic skin inflammation and triggering or aggravation of AD-like skin lesions by perceived stress); and (e) response of experimentally induced skin lesions to standard AD therapy. Finally, we delineate why humanized AD mouse models (human skin xenotransplants on SCID mice) offer a particularly promising preclinical research alternative to the currently available "AD" mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion -Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kristian Reich
- Centre for Translational Research in Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Skinflammation Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion -Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,School of Medicine, Weill Cornell University-Qatar and Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost, Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dermatology Research Centre, University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
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Brar KK, Lanser BJ, Schneider A, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. Biologics for the Treatment of Food Allergies. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2020; 40:575-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Grinshpun SA, Yermakov M, Khodoun M. Autoclave sterilization and ethanol treatment of re-used surgical masks and N95 respirators during COVID-19: impact on their performance and integrity. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:608-614. [PMID: 32599011 PMCID: PMC7320268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background An exceptionally high demand for surgical masks and N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) during the COVID-19 pandemic has considerably exceeded their supply. These disposable devices are generally not approved for routine decontamination and re-use as a standard of care, while this practice has widely occurred in hospitals. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention allowed it “as a crisis capacity strategy”. However, limited testing was conducted on the impact of specific decontamination methods on the performance of N95 FFRs and no data was presented for surgical masks. Aim We evaluated common surgical masks and N95 respirators with respect to the changes in their performance and integrity resulting from autoclave sterilization and a 70% ethanol treatment; these methods are frequently utilized for re-used filtering facepieces in hospitals. Methods The filter collection efficiency and pressure drop were determined for unused masks and N95 FFRs, and for those subjected to the treatments in a variety of ways. The collection efficiency was measured for particles of approximately 0.037–3.2 μm to represent aerosolized single viruses, their agglomerates, bacteria and larger particle carriers. Findings The initial collection efficiency and the filter breathability may be compromised by sterilization in an autoclave and ethanol treatment. The effect depends on a protective device, particle size, breathing flow rate, type of treatment and other factors. Additionally, physical damages were observed in N95 respirators after autoclaving. Conclusion Strategies advocating decontamination and re-use of filtering facepieces in hospitals should be re-assessed considering the data obtained in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Grinshpun
- Center for Health-Related Aerosol Studies, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0056, USA.
| | - M Yermakov
- Center for Health-Related Aerosol Studies, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0056, USA
| | - M Khodoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 670563, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0563, USA
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