1
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Leng X, Li Q, Chen W, Feng H, Li L, Yu L, Huang P, Ma P, Xie F. C-176 inhibits macrophage polarization towards M1-subtype and ameliorates LPS induced acute kidney injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 984:177028. [PMID: 39366502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SI-AKI) has become a focal point in nephrology research field due to its high mortality and potential progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The increase of M1 macrophages within renal tissue and their associated inflammatory responses are key contributors to renal inflammation and subsequent damage. Additionally, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway is abnormally activated during the onset of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the relationship between the activation of this pathway and the increase in M1 macrophages has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of the STING pathway-specific inhibitor C-176 on LPS-induced AKI, using an LPS and IFN-γ induced M1 macrophage model and an LPS-induced sepsis AKI mouse model. The in vivo results demonstrate that C-176 intervention can alleviate acute kidney injury and improve renal function by reducing macrophage infiltration in renal tissue, decreasing the proportion of M1 macrophages, and mitigating the inflammatory response. Additionally, in vitro results indicate that C-176 intervention inhibits the polarization of M0 macrophages to M1 macrophages, promotes their polarization to M2 macrophages, and reduces the amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α at both the protein and gene expression levels. The biological effects of C-176 are associated with the inhibition of STING-IRF3 signaling pathway activation. In summary, the findings of this study have certain scientific significance and application value for exploring the pathogenesis and treatment methods of SI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Leng
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Center for Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qirui Li
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanqi Chen
- Center for Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengwei Feng
- Center for Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Center for Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Leyao Yu
- Center for Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ziyang Central Hospital, Ziyang, China.
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2
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Zachariassen LF, Ebert MBB, Mentzel CMJ, Deng L, Krych L, Nielsen DS, Stokholm J, Hansen CHF. Cesarean section induced dysbiosis promotes type 2 immunity but not oxazolone-induced dermatitis in mice. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2271151. [PMID: 37889696 PMCID: PMC10730161 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2271151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery by cesarean section (CS) is associated with an altered gut microbiota (GM) colonization and a higher risk of later chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies investigating the association between CS and atopic dermatitis (AD) are contradictive and often biased by confounding factors. The aim of this study was therefore to provide experimental evidence for the association between CS and AD in a mouse model and clarify the role of the GM changes associated with CS. It was hypothesized that CS-delivered mice, and human CS-GM transplanted mice develop severe dermatitis due to early dysbiosis. BALB/c mice delivered by CS or vaginally (VD) as well as BALB/c mice transplanted with GM from CS or VD human donors were challenged with oxazolone on the ear. The severity of dermatitis was evaluated by ear thickness and clinical and histopathological assessment which were similar between all groups. The immune response was assessed by serum IgE concentration, local cytokine response, and presence of immune cells in the draining lymph node. Both CS-delivered mice and mice inoculated with human CS-GM had a higher IgE concentration. A higher proportion of Th2 cells were also found in the CS-GM inoculated mice, but no differences were seen in the cytokine levels in the affected ears. In support of the experimental findings, a human cohort analysis from where the GM samples were obtained found that delivery mode did not affect the children's risk of developing AD. In conclusion, CS-GM enhanced a Th2 biased immune response, but had no effect on oxazolone-induced dermatitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Fisker Zachariassen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maria Bernadette Bergh Ebert
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Caroline Märta Junker Mentzel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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3
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Chen F, Zhang W, Xu X, Gui L, Lin Y, Wu M, Li J, Shen Y. Identification of Genes Related to Resistance to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Based on Co-expression Network Analysis in Grass Carp. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:824-836. [PMID: 37610535 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The ciliate protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is an essential parasite causing white spot disease in grass carp, leading to significant economic losses. Understanding the molecular basis of grass carp's response to I. multifiliis has important scientific and environmental values. The transcriptional network analysis offers a valuable strategy to decipher the changes in gene expression in grass carp infected with I. multifiliis. Our goal was to screen the genes and pathways involved in resistance to I. multifiliis in grass carp. The different traits exhibited by grass carp infected with I. multifiliis may be caused by the differences in gene expression among grass carp individuals. Herein, to reveal those resistance-associated genes against I. multifiliis infection, we performed RNA sequencing using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The biological function analysis and hub gene annotation for highly relevant modules revealed that different pathogen recognition and clearance responses resulted in different resistance to I. multifiliis infection. Furthermore, gene enrichment analysis revealed that I. multifiliis invasion in the disease-resistant group mainly activated immune pathways, including scavenger receptor activity and kappa B kinase/NF-kappa B signaling. By the annotation of the highly correlated module of the hub gene, we revealed that the apoptosis and ribosome biogenesis-related genes were enriched in the disease-resistant grass carp. The results of the dark grey module showed that several genes were mainly enriched in the two-component system (ko02020) and steroid biosynthesis (ko00100), suggesting that they are resistance-associated and energy metabolism-associated genes. In the disease resistance group, hub genes mainly included Nlrc3, fos, AAP8, HAP2, HAX, cho2, and zgc:113,036. This study revealed the gene network associated with disease resistance after I. multifiliis infection. The disease resistance-related pathways and central genes identified in this study are candidate references for breeders breeding disease-resistant. The results of this study may also provide some references for the development of drugs to antagonize I. multifiliis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanfeng Lin
- Fisheries Station of Xiuning County, Huangshan, 245400, China
| | - Minglin Wu
- Fisheries Station of Xiuning County, Huangshan, 245400, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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4
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D'Rozario J, Knoblich K, Lütge M, Shibayama CP, Cheng HW, Alexandre YO, Roberts D, Campos J, Dutton EE, Suliman M, Denton AE, Turley SJ, Boyd RL, Mueller SN, Ludewig B, Heng TSP, Fletcher AL. Fibroblastic reticular cells provide a supportive niche for lymph node-resident macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250355. [PMID: 36991561 PMCID: PMC10947543 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is home to resident macrophage populations that are essential for immune function and homeostasis, but key factors controlling this niche are undefined. Here, we show that fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are an essential component of the LN macrophage niche. Genetic ablation of FRCs caused rapid loss of macrophages and monocytes from LNs across two in vivo models. Macrophages co-localized with FRCs in human LNs, and murine single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that FRC subsets broadly expressed master macrophage regulator CSF1. Functional assays containing purified FRCs and monocytes showed that CSF1R signaling was sufficient to support macrophage development. These effects were conserved between mouse and human systems. These data indicate an important role for FRCs in maintaining the LN parenchymal macrophage niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D'Rozario
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Konstantin Knoblich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Roberts
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joana Campos
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma E Dutton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Muath Suliman
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alice E Denton
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Boyd
- Cartherics Pty Ltd, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tracy S P Heng
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Anne L Fletcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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5
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Lu Y, Saibro-Girardi C, Fitz NF, McGuire MR, Ostach MA, Mamun-Or-Rashid ANM, Lefterov I, Koldamova R. Multi-transcriptomics reveals brain cellular responses to peripheral infection in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112785. [PMID: 37436901 PMCID: PMC10530196 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral inflammation has been linked to various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we perform bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomics in APP/PS1 mice intranasally exposed to Staphylococcus aureus to determine how low-grade peripheral infection affects brain transcriptomics and AD-like pathology. Chronic exposure led to increased amyloid plaque burden and plaque-associated microglia, significantly affecting the transcription of brain barrier-associated cells, which resulted in barrier leakage. We reveal cell-type- and spatial-specific transcriptional changes related to brain barrier function and neuroinflammation during the acute infection. Both acute and chronic exposure led to brain macrophage-associated responses and detrimental effects in neuronal transcriptomics. Finally, we identify unique transcriptional responses at the amyloid plaque niches following acute infection characterized by higher disease-associated microglia gene expression and a larger effect on astrocytic or macrophage-associated genes, which could facilitate amyloid and related pathologies. Our findings provide important insights into the mechanisms linking peripheral inflammation to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Carolina Saibro-Girardi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nicholas Francis Fitz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mikayla Ranae McGuire
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mary Ann Ostach
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - A N M Mamun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Iliya Lefterov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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6
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Kercheva M, Ryabov V, Gombozhapova A, Stepanov I, Kzhyshkowska J. Macrophages of the Cardiorenal Axis and Myocardial Infarction. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1843. [PMID: 37509483 PMCID: PMC10376845 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to compare the features of macrophage (mf) composition of the kidneys in patients with fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and in patients without cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We used kidney fragments taken during autopsy. Macrophage infiltration was assessed by immunohistochemistry: antibodies CD68 were used as a common mf marker, CD80-M1 type mf marker, CD163, CD206, and stabilin-1-M2 type. Macrophage composition of the kidneys in patients with fatal MI was characterized by the predominance of CD163+ cells among studied cells, and the control group was characterized by the predominance of CD163+, CD206+, and CD68+. In patients with MI, biphasic response from kidney cells was characterized for CD80+ and CD206+: their number decreased by the long-term period of MI; other cells did not show any dynamics. The exact number of CD80+ cells in kidneys of individuals without CVD was slightly higher than in patients with MI, and the number of CD206+-strikingly predominant. Subsequent analysis of CD80+ and CD206+ cells in a larger sample, as well as comparison of data with results obtained from survivors of MI, may bring us closer to understanding whether the influence on these cells can serve as a new target in personalized therapy in postinfarction complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kercheva
- Cardiology Division, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moscovsky Trakt, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, 111a Kievskaya Street, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Ryabov
- Cardiology Division, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moscovsky Trakt, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, 111a Kievskaya Street, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Translational and Cellular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Gombozhapova
- Cardiology Division, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moscovsky Trakt, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, 111a Kievskaya Street, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Stepanov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, 111a Kievskaya Street, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of Translational and Cellular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 1-3 Theodor-Kutzer Ufer, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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7
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Yao RQ, Zhao PY, Li ZX, Liu YY, Zheng LY, Duan Y, Wang L, Yang RL, Kang HJ, Hao JW, Li JY, Dong N, Wu Y, Du XH, Zhu F, Ren C, Wu GS, Xia ZF, Yao YM. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of sepsis identifies HLA-DR lowS100A high monocytes with immunosuppressive function. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:27. [PMID: 37337301 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained yet intractable immunosuppression is commonly observed in septic patients, resulting in aggravated clinical outcomes. However, due to the substantial heterogeneity within septic patients, precise indicators in deciphering clinical trajectories and immunological alterations for septic patients remain largely lacking. METHODS We adopted cross-species, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis based on two published datasets containing circulating immune cell profile of septic patients as well as immune cell atlas of murine model of sepsis. Flow cytometry, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) imaging and Western blotting were applied to identify the presence of S100A9+ monocytes at protein level. To interrogate the immunosuppressive function of this subset, splenic monocytes isolated from septic wild-type or S100a9-/- mice were co-cultured with naïve CD4+ T cells, followed by proliferative assay. Pharmacological inhibition of S100A9 was implemented using Paquinimod via oral gavage. RESULTS ScRNA-seq analysis of human sepsis revealed substantial heterogeneity in monocyte compartments following the onset of sepsis, for which distinct monocyte subsets were enriched in disparate subclusters of septic patients. We identified a unique monocyte subset characterized by high expression of S100A family genes and low expression of human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR), which were prominently enriched in septic patients and might exert immunosuppressive function. By combining single-cell transcriptomics of murine model of sepsis with in vivo experiments, we uncovered a similar subtype of monocyte significantly associated with late sepsis and immunocompromised status of septic mice, corresponding to HLA-DRlowS100Ahigh monocytes in human sepsis. Moreover, we found that S100A9+ monocytes exhibited profound immunosuppressive function on CD4+ T cell immune response and blockade of S100A9 using Paquinimod could partially reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies HLA-DRlowS100Ahigh monocytes correlated with immunosuppressive state upon septic challenge, inhibition of which can markedly mitigate sepsis-induced immune depression, thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Qi Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Peng-Yue Zhao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yu-Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li-Yu Zheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Rong-Li Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Jun Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ji-Wei Hao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jing-Yan Li
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Du
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Wu
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zhao-Fan Xia
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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8
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Niblock A, Rajendran S, Laverty C, Logue P, Alexander HD. Assessing the frequency of CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages and CD3+ T lymphocytes between MGUS and plasma cell myeloma. Exp Hematol 2023; 119-120:3-7. [PMID: 36516929 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases, and the most common is monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). This premalignant PCD consistently precedes multiple myeloma (MM), with a 1% risk of progression per year. Evading and suppressing the host immune system is an important step in the progression of MGUS to MM. This pilot study was designed to assess whether MGUS and MM have a distinct microenvironment, characterized by a unique distribution of immune cells, including tumor-associated macrophages. Evaluation of bone marrow (BM) tumor microenvironment was performed using immunohistochemical quantification of T cells (CD3), macrophages (CD68), and a macrophage subtype (CD163). The findings were compared between MGUS and MM to determine whether differences existed. The results suggest that there is a significantly lower percentage of CD3-positive, CD68-positive and CD163-positive immune effector cells in BM trephine biopsy samples from patients with MGUS than in those from patients with untreated MM (p < 0.001). Interestingly, in a patient treated for MM, the percentages of CD3+ and CD68+ cells were the same as those in other patients with untreated MM; however, the percentage of CD163+ cells reduced and correlated with low plasma cell count. Future studies are required to investigate whether the percentage of CD163+ cells is correlated with disease burden in patients with MM. If this is the case, then the level of soluble CD163 in plasma could be a potential biomarker of disease burden in patients with nonsecretory myelomas, in whom measurements of levels of paraprotein and free light chains are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Niblock
- Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
| | | | | | - Philip Logue
- Antrim Laboratory, Antrim Area Hospital, Northern Ireland
| | - H Denis Alexander
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Northern Ireland
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9
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da Silva RA, Wong JJ, Antypas H, Choo PY, Goh K, Jolly S, Liang C, Tay Kwan Sing L, Veleba M, Hu G, Chen J, Kline KA. Mitoxantrone targets both host and bacteria to overcome vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd9280. [PMID: 36812322 PMCID: PMC9946351 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance critically limits treatment options for infection caused by opportunistic pathogens such as enterococci. Here, we investigate the antibiotic and immunological activity of the anticancer agent mitoxantrone (MTX) in vitro and in vivo against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). We show that, in vitro, MTX is a potent antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria through induction of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. MTX also synergizes with vancomycin against VRE, rendering the resistant strains more permeable to MTX. In a murine wound infection model, single-dose MTX treatment effectively reduces VRE numbers, with further reduction when combined with vancomycin. Multiple MTX treatments accelerate wound closure. MTX also promotes macrophage recruitment and proinflammatory cytokine induction at the wound site and augments intracellular bacterial killing in macrophages by up-regulating the expression of lysosomal enzymes. These results show that MTX represents a promising bacterium- and host-targeted therapeutic for overcoming vancomycin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni A. G. da Silva
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Wong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haris Antypas
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Yi Choo
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karlyn Goh
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shreya Jolly
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cui Liang
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leona Tay Kwan Sing
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Veleba
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guangan Hu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Kline
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Peters AF, Kusche Y, Gerdkamp H, Nattkemper E, Vischedyk K, Münck NA, Weishaupt C, Roth J, Barczyk-Kahlert K, Sunderkötter C, Ehrchen JM. UVA1 radiation attenuates pro-inflammatory functions in human monocytes. J Dermatol 2023; 50:46-56. [PMID: 36184911 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
UVA1 therapy is effective in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases. The mode of action of UVA1 therapy is not completely understood and especially data on cells of the innate immune system like monocytes, which are critically involved in many inflammatory processes, are sparse. We wanted to answer the question whether UVA1 irradiation alters functional properties of human monocytes. We treated human peripheral blood monocytes in vitro with 2 J/cm2 UVA1 light, incubated the cells for 48 h and examined both functional properties and alterations in the gene and protein expression profile. While UVA1 did not alter cell viability or susceptibility to apoptosis inducing agents, it decreased the capacity of monocytes for phagocytosis and to eliminate infectious agents like Leishmania major. Moreover, we measured a significantly reduced production of interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA in lipopolysaccharide activated monocytes after UVA1 treatment. Importantly, UVA1-treated monocytes not only produce less IL-1β, but also upregulate expression of the anti-inflammatory IL-1β decoy receptor. Our data provide evidence that UVA1 radiation not only interferes with fundamental monocyte properties like phagocytosis, pathogen killing and activation, but could also specifically attenuate pro-inflammatory IL-1 effects. This might constitute a hitherto unknown anti-inflammatory mechanism of UVA1 in human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Franziska Peters
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kusche
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Henrike Gerdkamp
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Nattkemper
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Vischedyk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Niels-Arne Münck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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Lundstrom K, Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Bilajac E, Aljabali AAA, Baralić K, Sabri NA, Shehata EM, Raslan M, Ferreira ACBH, Orlandi L, Serrano-Aroca Á, Tambuwala MM, Uversky VN, Azevedo V, Alzahrani KJ, Alsharif KF, Halawani IF, Alzahrani FM, Redwan EM, Barh D. COVID-19 signalome: Pathways for SARS-CoV-2 infection and impact on COVID-19 associated comorbidity. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110495. [PMID: 36252792 PMCID: PMC9568271 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the focus of research the past two years. The major breakthrough was made by discovering pathways related to SARS-CoV-2 infection through cellular interaction by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) and cytokine storm. The presence of ACE2 in lungs, intestines, cardiovascular tissues, brain, kidneys, liver, and eyes shows that SARS-CoV-2 may have targeted these organs to further activate intracellular signalling pathways that lead to cytokine release syndrome. It has also been reported that SARS-CoV-2 can hijack coatomer protein-I (COPI) for S protein retrograde trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), which, in turn, acts as the assembly site for viral progeny. In infected cells, the newly synthesized S protein in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is transported first to the Golgi body, and then from the Golgi body to the ERGIC compartment resulting in the formation of specific a motif at the C-terminal end. This review summarizes major events of SARS-CoV-2 infection route, immune response following host-cell infection as an important factor for disease outcome, as well as comorbidity issues of various tissues and organs arising due to COVID-19. Investigations on alterations of host-cell machinery and viral interactions with multiple intracellular signaling pathways could represent a major factor in more effective disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Esma Bilajac
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nagwa A Sabri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt.
| | - Eslam M Shehata
- Drug Research Center, Clinical Research and Bioanalysis Department, Cairo 11865, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Raslan
- Drug Research Center, Clinical Research and Bioanalysis Department, Cairo 11865, Egypt.
| | - Ana Cláudia B H Ferreira
- Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; University Center of Lavras (UNILAVRAS), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Lidiane Orlandi
- University Center of Lavras (UNILAVRAS), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fuad M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, India.
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12
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High-Frequency Nanosecond Bleomycin Electrochemotherapy and its Effects on Changes in the Immune System and Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246254. [PMID: 36551739 PMCID: PMC9776811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a time-dependent and time-independent study on bleomycin-based high-frequency nsECT (3.5 kV/cm × 200 pulses) for the elimination of LLC1 tumours in C57BL/6J mice is performed. We show the efficiency of nsECT (200 ns and 700 ns delivered at 1 kHz and 1 MHz) for the elimination of tumours in mice and increase of their survival. The dynamics of the immunomodulatory effects were observed after electrochemotherapy by investigating immune cell populations and antitumour antibodies at different timepoints after the treatment. ECT treatment resulted in an increased percentage of CD4+ T, splenic memory B and tumour-associated dendritic cell subsets. Moreover, increased levels of antitumour IgG antibodies after ECT treatment were detected. Based on the time-dependent study results, nsECT treatment upregulated PD 1 expression on splenic CD4+ Tr1 cells, increased the expansion of splenic CD8+ T, CD4+CD8+ T, plasma cells and the proportion of tumour-associated pro inflammatory macrophages. The Lin- population of immune cells that was increased in the spleens and tumour after nsECT was identified. It was shown that nsECT prolonged survival of the treated mice and induced significant changes in the immune system, which shows a promising alliance of nanosecond electrochemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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13
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Jia B, Wang X, Ma F, Li X, Han X, Zhang L, Li J, Diao N, Shi K, Ge C, Yang F, Du R. The combination of SMRT sequencing and Illumina sequencing highlights organ-specific and age-specific expression patterns of miRNAs in Sika Deer. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1042445. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1042445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of high-quality Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) transcriptome and sRNAome across multiple organs or development stages, it is impossible to comprehensively analyze the mRNA and miRNA regulatory networks related to growth, development and immunity response. In this study, we used single molecule-real time sequencing (SMRT-seq) and Illumina sequencing methods to generate transcriptome and sRNAome from ten tissues and four age groups of Sika Deer to help us understand molecular characteristics and global miRNA expression profiles. The results showed that a total of 240,846 consensus transcripts were generated with an average length of 2,784 bp. 4,329 Transcription factors (TFs), 109,000 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and 18,987 Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) were identified. Meanwhile, 306 known miRNAs and 143 novel miRNAs were obtained. A large number of miRNAs showed organ-specific and age-specific differential expression patterns. In particular, we found that the organ-specific miRNAs were enriched in the brain, some of which shared only between the brain and adrenal. These miRNAs were involved in maintaining specific functions within the brain and adrenal. By constructing miRNA96mRNA interaction networks associated with Sika Deer immunity, we found that miRNAs (miR-148a, miR-26a, miR-214, let-7b, etc.) and mRNAs (CD6, TRIM38, C3, CD163, etc.) might play an important role in the immune response of Sika Deer spleen. Together, our study generated an improved transcript annotation for Sika Deer by SMRT-seq and revealed the role of miRNA in regulating the growth, development and immunity response of Sika Deer.
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14
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Rift Valley Fever Virus Infects the Posterior Segment of the Eye and Induces Inflammation in a Rat Model of Ocular Disease. J Virol 2022; 96:e0111222. [PMID: 36194021 PMCID: PMC9599513 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01112-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
People infected with the mosquito-borne Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) can suffer from eye-related problems resulting in ongoing vision issues or even permanent blindness. Despite ocular disease being the most frequently reported severe outcome, it is vastly understudied compared to other disease outcomes caused by RVFV. Ocular manifestations of RVFV include blurred vision, uveitis, and retinitis. When an infected individual develops macular or paramacular lesions, there is a 50% chance of permanent vision loss in one or both eyes. The cause of blinding ocular pathology remains unknown in part due to the lack of a tractable animal model. Using 3 relevant exposure routes, both subcutaneous (SC) and aerosol inoculation of Sprague Dawley rats led to RVFV infection of the eye. Surprisingly, direct inoculation of the conjunctiva did not result in successful ocular infection. The posterior segment of the eye, including the optic nerve, choroid, ciliary body, and retina, were all positive for RVFV antigen in SC-infected rats, and live virus was isolated from the eyes. Proinflammatory cytokines and increased leukocyte counts were also found in the eyes of infected rats. Additionally, human ocular cell lines were permissive for Lrp1-dependent RVFV infection. This study experimentally defines viral tropism of RVFV in the posterior segment of the rat eye and characterizes virally-mediated ocular inflammation, providing a foundation for evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics to protect against adverse ocular outcomes. IMPORTANCE Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection leads to eye damage in humans in up to 10% of reported cases. Permanent blindness occurs in 50% of individuals with significant retinal scarring. Despite the prevalence and severity of this outcome, very little is known about the mechanisms of pathogenesis. We addressed this gap by developing a rodent model of ocular disease. Subcutaneous infection of Sprague Dawley rats resulted in infection of the uvea, retina, and optic nerve along with the induction of inflammation within the posterior eye. Infection of human ocular cells induced inflammatory responses and required host entry factors for RVFV infection similar to rodents. This work provides evidence of how RVFV infects the eye, and this information can be applied to help mitigate the devastating outcomes of RVF ocular disease through vaccines or treatments.
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15
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G. Biomarkers in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Macrophage Activation Syndrome and Their Importance in COVID Era. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12757. [PMID: 36361547 PMCID: PMC9655921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and its complication, macrophage activation syndrome (sJIA-MAS), are rare but sometimes very serious or even critical diseases of childhood that can occasionally be characterized by nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms at onset-such as non-remitting high fever, headache, rash, or arthralgia-and are biologically accompanied by an increase in acute-phase reactants. For a correct positive diagnosis, it is necessary to rule out bacterial or viral infections, neoplasia, and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Delays in diagnosis will result in late initiation of targeted therapy. A set of biomarkers is useful to distinguish sJIA or sJIA-MAS from similar clinical entities, especially when arthritis is absent. Biomarkers should be accessible to many patients, with convenient production and acquisition prices for pediatric medical laboratories, as well as being easy to determine, having high sensitivity and specificity, and correlating with pathophysiological disease pathways. The aim of this review was to identify the newest and most powerful biomarkers and their synergistic interaction for easy and accurate recognition of sJIA and sJIA-MAS, so as to immediately guide clinicians in correct diagnosis and in predicting disease outcomes, the response to treatment, and the risk of relapses. Biomarkers constitute an exciting field of research, especially due to the heterogeneous nature of cytokine storm syndromes (CSSs) in the COVID era. They must be selected with utmost care-a fact supported by the increasingly improved genetic and pathophysiological comprehension of sJIA, but also of CSS-so that new classification systems may soon be developed to define homogeneous groups of patients, although each with a distinct disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
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16
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Austermann J, Roth J, Barczyk-Kahlert K. The Good and the Bad: Monocytes' and Macrophages' Diverse Functions in Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121979. [PMID: 35741108 PMCID: PMC9222172 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are central players of the innate immune response and play a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation. Thereby, they actively participate in all phases of the immune response, from initiating inflammation and triggering the adaptive immune response, through to the clearance of cell debris and resolution of inflammation. In this review, we described the mechanisms of monocyte and macrophage adaptation to rapidly changing microenvironmental conditions and discussed different forms of macrophage polarization depending on the environmental cues or pathophysiological condition. Therefore, special focus was placed on the tight regulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune response, and the diverse functions of S100A8/S100A9 proteins and the scavenger receptor CD163 were highlighted, respectively. We paid special attention to the function of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages under pathological conditions.
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17
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Ferrao Blanco MN, Bastiaansen Jenniskens YM, Kops N, Chavli A, Narcisi R, Botter SM, Leenen PJM, van Osch GJVM, Fahy N. Intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide sustains macrophage levels and aggravates osteophytosis during degenerative joint disease in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:2771-2784. [PMID: 34907535 PMCID: PMC9305889 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Corticosteroids such as triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) are potent drugs administered intra-articularly as an anti-inflammatory therapy to relieve pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA). However, the ability of early TAA intervention to mitigate OA progression and modulate immune cell subsets remains unclear. Here, we sought to understand the effect of early intra-articular injection of TAA on OA progression, local macrophages, and peripheral blood monocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Degenerative joint disease was induced by intra-articular injection of collagenase into the knee joint of male C57BL/6 mice. After 1 week, TAA or saline was injected intra-articularly. Blood was taken throughout the study to analyse monocyte subsets. Mice were killed at days 14 and 56 post-induction of collagenase-induced OA (CiOA) to examine synovial macrophages and structural OA features. KEY RESULTS The percentage of macrophages relative to total live cells present within knee joints was increased in collagenase- compared with saline-injected knees at day 14 and was not altered by TAA treatment. However, at day 56, post-induction of CiOA, TAA-treated knees had increased levels of macrophages compared with the knees of untreated CiOA-mice. The distribution of monocyte subsets present in peripheral blood was not altered by TAA treatment during the development of CiOA. Osteophyte maturation was increased in TAA-injected knees at day 56. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Intra-articular injection of TAA increases long-term synovial macrophage numbers and osteophytosis. Our findings suggest that TAA accentuates the progression of osteoarthritis-associated features when applied to an acutely inflamed knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio N. Ferrao Blanco
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Athina Chavli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Roberto Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sander M. Botter
- Swiss Center for Musculoskeletal Biobanking, Balgrist Campus AGZürichSwitzerland
| | - Pieter J. M. Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J. V. M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical EngineeringUniversity of Technology DelftDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Niamh Fahy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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18
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Yang S, Zhang J, Xu Y, Wang J, Zhao H, Lei J, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Wu L, Zhou M, Zheng L, Ji X, Li Y. OIT3 mediates macrophage polarization and facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2677-2689. [PMID: 35353239 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality; however, effective immunotherapy strategies are limited because of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Macrophages are essential components of the HCC microenvironment and are related to poor prognosis. Here, we evaluated the attributes of paracancer tissues in tumor immunity and progression using public databases. Based on the abundance of immune cells estimated by CIBERSORT, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis and found a specific module associated with M2 macrophages. Through analyzing interaction networks using Cytoscape and public datasets, we identified oncoprotein-induced transcript 3 (OIT3) as a novel marker of M2 macrophages. Overexpression of OIT3 remodeled immune features and reprogrammed the metabolism of M2 macrophages. Moreover, compared with wildtype macrophages, OIT3-overexpressing macrophages further enhanced the migration and invasion of co-cultured cancer cells. Additionally, OIT3-overexpressing macrophages promoted tumorigenesis and cancer development in vivo. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that OIT3 is a novel biomarker of alternatively activated macrophages and facilitates HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Department of Pathology, the 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiangang Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yanquan Xu
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jingchun Wang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Huakan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and the Translational Research of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Juan Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and the Translational Research of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and the Translational Research of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and the Translational Research of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and the Translational Research of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and the Translational Research of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Xiaohui Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and the Translational Research of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and the Translational Research of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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19
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Fassan M, Collesei A, Angerilli V, Sbaraglia M, Fortarezza F, Pezzuto F, De Gaspari M, Businello G, Moni M, Rizzo S, Traverso G, Colosso V, Taschin E, Lunardi F, Valls AF, Schiavi F, Basso C, Calabrese F, Dei Tos AP. Multi-Design Differential Expression Profiling of COVID-19 Lung Autopsy Specimens Reveals Significantly Deregulated Inflammatory Pathways and SFTPC Impaired Transcription. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061011. [PMID: 35326463 PMCID: PMC8947344 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptomic profiling of lung damage associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to the development of effective therapies to prevent COVID-19-related deaths. We selected a series of 21 autoptic lung samples, 14 of which had positive nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 and a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19-related death; their pulmonary viral load was quantified with a specific probe for SARS-CoV-2. The remaining seven cases had no documented respiratory disease and were used as controls. RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples was extracted to perform gene expression profiling by means of targeted (Nanostring) and comprehensive RNA-Seq. Two differential expression designs were carried out leading to relevant results in terms of deregulation. SARS-CoV-2 positive specimens presented a significant overexpression in genes of the type I interferon signaling pathway (IFIT1, OAS1, ISG15 and RSAD2), complement activation (C2 and CFB), macrophage polarization (PKM, SIGLEC1, CD163 and MS4A4A) and Cathepsin C (CTSC). CD163, Siglec-1 and Cathepsin C overexpression was validated by immunohistochemistry. SFTPC, the encoding gene for pulmonary-associated surfactant protein C, emerged as a key identifier of COVID-19 patients with high viral load. This study successfully recognized SARS-CoV-2 specific immune signatures in lung samples and highlighted new potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 induced lung damage is required to develop effective individualized pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.B.); (M.M.); (G.T.); (F.L.); (A.P.D.T.)
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy; (F.F.); (F.P.); (F.C.)
- Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498217931
| | - Antonio Collesei
- Familial Cancer Clinics, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35127 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (E.T.); (F.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Angerilli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.B.); (M.M.); (G.T.); (F.L.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.B.); (M.M.); (G.T.); (F.L.); (A.P.D.T.)
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy; (F.F.); (F.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Fortarezza
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy; (F.F.); (F.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Federica Pezzuto
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy; (F.F.); (F.P.); (F.C.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Monica De Gaspari
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Gianluca Businello
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.B.); (M.M.); (G.T.); (F.L.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Margherita Moni
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.B.); (M.M.); (G.T.); (F.L.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (C.B.)
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Traverso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.B.); (M.M.); (G.T.); (F.L.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Veronica Colosso
- Familial Cancer Clinics, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35127 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (E.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Elisa Taschin
- Familial Cancer Clinics, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35127 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (E.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Lunardi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.B.); (M.M.); (G.T.); (F.L.); (A.P.D.T.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Aida Freire Valls
- NanoString Technologies, Inc., 530 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Francesca Schiavi
- Familial Cancer Clinics, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35127 Padua, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (E.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (C.B.)
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy; (F.F.); (F.P.); (F.C.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (M.S.); (G.B.); (M.M.); (G.T.); (F.L.); (A.P.D.T.)
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy; (F.F.); (F.P.); (F.C.)
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20
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Changes in CD163+, CD11b+, and CCR2+ peripheral monocytes relate to Parkinson's disease and cognition. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:182-193. [PMID: 35026420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein pathology is associated with immune activation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. The immune activation involves not only microglia but also peripheral immune cells, such as mononuclear phagocytes found in blood and infiltrated in the brain. Understanding peripheral immune involvement is essential for developing immunomodulatory treatment. Therefore, we aimed to study circulating mononuclear phagocytes in early- and late-stage Parkinson's disease, defined by disease duration of less or more than five years, respectively, and analyze their association with clinical phenotypes. We performed a cross-sectional multi-color flow cytometry study on 78 sex-balanced individuals with sporadic Parkinson's disease, 28 controls, and longitudinal samples from seven patients and one control. Cell frequencies and surface marker expressions on natural killer cells, monocyte subtypes, and dendritic cells were compared between groups and correlated with standardized clinical scores. We found elevated frequencies and surface levels of migration- (CCR2, CD11b) and phagocytic- (CD163) markers, particularly on classical and intermediate monocytes in early Parkinson's disease. HLA-DR expression was increased in advanced stages of the disease, whereas TLR4 expression was decreased in women with Parkinson's Disease. The disease-associated immune changes of CCR2 and CD11b correlated with worse cognition. Increased TLR2 expression was related to worse motor symptoms. In conclusion, our data highlights the TLR2 relevance in the symptomatic motor presentation of the disease and a role for peripheral CD163+ and migration-competent monocytes in Parkinson's disease cognitive defects. Our study suggests that the peripheral immune system is dynamically altered in Parkinson's disease stages and directly related to both symptoms and the sex bias of the disease.
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21
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Mairpady Shambat S, Gómez-Mejia A, Schweizer TA, Huemer M, Chang CC, Acevedo C, Bergada-Pijuan J, Vulin C, Hofmaenner DA, Scheier TC, Hertegonne S, Parietti E, Miroshnikova N, Wendel Garcia PD, Hilty MP, Buehler PK, Schuepbach RA, Brugger SD, Zinkernagel AS. Hyperinflammatory environment drives dysfunctional myeloid cell effector response to bacterial challenge in COVID-19. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010176. [PMID: 35007290 PMCID: PMC8782468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 displays diverse disease severities and symptoms including acute systemic inflammation and hypercytokinemia, with subsequent dysregulation of immune cells. Bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 can further complicate the disease course and are associated with increased mortality. However, there is limited understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and hypercytokinemia impede the innate immune function against bacterial superinfections. We assessed the influence of COVID-19 plasma hypercytokinemia on the functional responses of myeloid immune cells upon bacterial challenges from acute-phase COVID-19 patients and their corresponding recovery-phase. We show that a severe hypercytokinemia status in COVID-19 patients correlates with the development of bacterial superinfections. Neutrophils and monocytes derived from COVID-19 patients in their acute-phase showed an impaired intracellular microbicidal capacity upon bacterial challenges. The impaired microbicidal capacity was reflected by abrogated MPO and reduced NETs production in neutrophils along with reduced ROS production in both neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, we observed a distinct pattern of cell surface receptor expression on both neutrophils and monocytes, in line with suppressed autocrine and paracrine cytokine signaling. This phenotype was characterized by a high expression of CD66b, CXCR4 and low expression of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CD15 in neutrophils and low expression of HLA-DR, CD86 and high expression of CD163 and CD11b in monocytes. Furthermore, the impaired antibacterial effector function was mediated by synergistic effect of the cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4. COVID-19 patients receiving dexamethasone showed a significant reduction of overall inflammatory markers in the plasma as well as exhibited an enhanced immune response towards bacterial challenge ex vivo. Finally, broad anti-inflammatory treatment was associated with a reduction in CRP, IL-6 levels as well as length of ICU stay and ventilation-days in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our data provides insights into the transient functional dysregulation of myeloid immune cells against subsequent bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients and describe a beneficial role for the use of dexamethasone in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Mairpady Shambat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Mejia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano A. Schweizer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Huemer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Chi Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Acevedo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Judith Bergada-Pijuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clément Vulin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel A. Hofmaenner
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas C. Scheier
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sanne Hertegonne
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Parietti
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nataliya Miroshnikova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro D. Wendel Garcia
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P. Hilty
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Karl Buehler
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto A. Schuepbach
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio D. Brugger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S. Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Xie X, Li D, Chen Y, Shen Y, Yu F, Wang W, Yuan Z, Morsi Y, Wu J, Mo X. Conjugate Electrospun 3D Gelatin Nanofiber Sponge for Rapid Hemostasis. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100918. [PMID: 34235873 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing an excellent hemostatic material with good biocompatibility and high blood absorption capacity for rapid hemostasis of deep non-compressible hemorrhage remains a significant challenge. Herein, a novel conjugate electrospinning strategy to prepare an ultralight 3D gelatin sponge consisting of continuous interconnected nanofibers. This unique fluffy nanofiber structure endows the sponge with low density, high surface area, compressibility, and ultrastrong liquid absorption capacity. In vitro assessments show the gelatin nanofiber sponge has good cytocompatibility, high cell permeability, and low hemolysis ratio. The rat subcutaneous implantation studies demonstrate good biocompatibility and biodegradability of gelatin nanofiber sponge. Gelatin nanofiber sponge aggregates and activates platelets in large quantities to accelerate the formation of platelet embolism, and simultaneously escalates other extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways, which collectively contribute to its superior hemostatic capacity. In vivo studies on an ear artery injury model and a liver trauma model of rabbits demonstrate that the gelatin nanofiber sponge rapidly induce stable blood clots with least blood loss compared to gelatin nanofiber membrane, medical gauze, and commercial gelatin hemostatic sponge. Hence, the gelatin nanofiber sponge holds great potential as an absorbable hemostatic agent for rapid hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Yihong Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Fan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Zhengchao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Yosry Morsi
- Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences Swinburne University of Technology Boroondara VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Jinglei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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23
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Monocyte markers correlate with immune and neuronal brain changes in REM sleep behavior disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020858118. [PMID: 33658371 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020858118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases with both central and peripheral immune responses. However, whether the peripheral immune changes occur early in disease and their relation to brain events is yet unclear. Isolated rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) can precede synucleinopathy-related parkinsonism and provides a prodromal phenotype to study early Parkinson's disease events. In this prospective case-control study, we describe monocytic markers in a cohort of iRBD patients that were associated with the brain-imaging markers of inflammation and neuronal dysfunction. Using 11C-PK11195 positron emission tomography (PET), we previously showed increased immune activation in the substantia nigra of iRBD patients, while 18F-DOPA PET detected reduced putaminal dopaminergic function. Here we describe that patients' blood monocytic cells showed increased expression of CD11b, while HLA-DR expression was decreased compared to healthy controls. The iRBD patients had increased classical monocytes and mature natural killer cells. Remarkably, the levels of expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on blood monocytes in iRBD patients were positively correlated with nigral immune activation measured by 11C-PK11195 PET and negatively correlated with putaminal 18F-DOPA uptake; the opposite was seen for the percentage of CD163+ myeloid cells. This suggesting a deleterious role for TLR4 and, conversely, a protective one for the CD163 expression. We show an association between peripheral blood monocytes and brain immune and dopaminergic changes in a synucleinopathy-related disorder, thus suggesting a cross-talk among periphery and brain during the disease.
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24
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Rasmussen RK, Etzerodt A. Therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 91:185-211. [PMID: 34099108 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are among the most abundant non-cancerous cells in the tumor microenvironment and in many cancers macrophage infiltration into the tumor is associated with poor prognosis. Macrophages contribute to tumor development by promoting angiogenesis and immune suppression, and display remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages that currently are in clinical development are mainly focused on a general depletion of tumor-associated macrophages, either by targeting the CSF-1/CSF-1R axis or by inhibiting macrophage recruitment by blocking CCR2/CCL2 signaling. Despite good pre-clinical response rates the treatment strategies focusing on general macrophage targeting have only shown limited clinical success and new approaches that target specific subsets of tumo-associated macrophages are emerging. This chapter will briefly present the functions and heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages and provide an overview of the current state of clinical development for pan-targeting strategies as well as discuss new strategies for targeting specific macrophage subsets for future anti-tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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25
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Schulte-Schrepping J, Reusch N, Paclik D, Baßler K, Schlickeiser S, Zhang B, Krämer B, Krammer T, Brumhard S, Bonaguro L, De Domenico E, Wendisch D, Grasshoff M, Kapellos TS, Beckstette M, Pecht T, Saglam A, Dietrich O, Mei HE, Schulz AR, Conrad C, Kunkel D, Vafadarnejad E, Xu CJ, Horne A, Herbert M, Drews A, Thibeault C, Pfeiffer M, Hippenstiel S, Hocke A, Müller-Redetzky H, Heim KM, Machleidt F, Uhrig A, Bosquillon de Jarcy L, Jürgens L, Stegemann M, Glösenkamp CR, Volk HD, Goffinet C, Landthaler M, Wyler E, Georg P, Schneider M, Dang-Heine C, Neuwinger N, Kappert K, Tauber R, Corman V, Raabe J, Kaiser KM, Vinh MT, Rieke G, Meisel C, Ulas T, Becker M, Geffers R, Witzenrath M, Drosten C, Suttorp N, von Kalle C, Kurth F, Händler K, Schultze JL, Aschenbrenner AC, Li Y, Nattermann J, Sawitzki B, Saliba AE, Sander LE. Severe COVID-19 Is Marked by a Dysregulated Myeloid Cell Compartment. Cell 2020; 182:1419-1440.e23. [PMID: 32810438 PMCID: PMC7405822 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 964] [Impact Index Per Article: 241.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild to moderate respiratory tract infection, however, a subset of patients progress to severe disease and respiratory failure. The mechanism of protective immunity in mild forms and the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 associated with increased neutrophil counts and dysregulated immune responses remain unclear. In a dual-center, two-cohort study, we combined single-cell RNA-sequencing and single-cell proteomics of whole-blood and peripheral-blood mononuclear cells to determine changes in immune cell composition and activation in mild versus severe COVID-19 (242 samples from 109 individuals) over time. HLA-DRhiCD11chi inflammatory monocytes with an interferon-stimulated gene signature were elevated in mild COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 was marked by occurrence of neutrophil precursors, as evidence of emergency myelopoiesis, dysfunctional mature neutrophils, and HLA-DRlo monocytes. Our study provides detailed insights into the systemic immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and reveals profound alterations in the myeloid cell compartment associated with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nico Reusch
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Paclik
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Baßler
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin, Germany
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and TWINCORE, joint ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krämer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Krammer
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Brumhard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Elena De Domenico
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Wendisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Grasshoff
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and TWINCORE, joint ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Beckstette
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and TWINCORE, joint ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tal Pecht
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Adem Saglam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Dietrich
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henrik E Mei
- Mass Cytometry Lab, DRFZ Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel R Schulz
- Mass Cytometry Lab, DRFZ Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Conrad
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Désirée Kunkel
- Flow and Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ehsan Vafadarnejad
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and TWINCORE, joint ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arik Horne
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Herbert
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Drews
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte Thibeault
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Pfeiffer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Andreas Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Holger Müller-Redetzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin-Moira Heim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Machleidt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Uhrig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laure Bosquillon de Jarcy
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Jürgens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Stegemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph R Glösenkamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin, Germany; Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Georg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schneider
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chantip Dang-Heine
- Clinical Study Center (CSC), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nick Neuwinger
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Kappert
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Tauber
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Raabe
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kim Melanie Kaiser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael To Vinh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gereon Rieke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Meisel
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Christof von Kalle
- Clinical Study Center (CSC), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anna C Aschenbrenner
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and TWINCORE, joint ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leif Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
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