1
|
Dod R, Rajendran A, Kathrotia M, Clarke A, Dodani S. Cardiovascular Disease in South Asian Immigrants: a Review of Dysfunctional HDL as a Potential Marker. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 10:1194-1200. [PMID: 35449485 PMCID: PMC9022895 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
South Asians (SAs) account for a quarter of the world's population and are one of the fastest-growing immigrant groups in the United States (US). South Asian Immigrants (SAIs) are disproportionately more at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than other ethnic/racial groups. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder and is the major cause of CVD. Traditional CVD risk factors, though important, do not fully explain the elevated risk of CVD in SAIs. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are heterogeneous lipoproteins that modify their composition and functionality depending on physiological or pathological conditions. With its cholesterol efflux, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant functions, HDL is traditionally considered a protective factor for CVD. However, its functions can be compromised under pathological conditions, such as chronic inflammation, making it dysfunctional (Dys-HDL). SAIs have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which may further promote Dys-HDL. This review explores the potential association between Dys-HDL and CVD in SAIs and presents current literature discussing the role of Dys-HDL in CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Dod
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Aishwarya Rajendran
- EVMS - Sentara Healthcare Analytics and Delivery Science Institute, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Mayuri Kathrotia
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Amanda Clarke
- EVMS - Sentara Healthcare Analytics and Delivery Science Institute, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Sunita Dodani
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA. .,EVMS - Sentara Healthcare Analytics and Delivery Science Institute, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thakkar H, Vincent V, Roy A, Gautam AK, Kutum R, Ramakrishnan L, Singh S, Singh A. Determinants of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions beyond proteome in Asian Indians: exploring the fatty acid profile of HDL phospholipids. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:559-570. [PMID: 34843015 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Impaired high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions are associated with development of coronary artery disease. In this study, we explored the quantitative differences in HDL (i.e. HDL proteome and fatty acid profile of HDL phospholipids) underlying the functional deficits associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The relationship between HDL function and composition was assessed in 65 consecutive ACS patients and 40 healthy controls. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity were significantly lower in patients with ACS compared to controls. In HDL proteome analysis, HDL isolated from ACS individuals was enriched in apolipoprotein C2 (inhibitor of LCAT), apolipoprotein C4 and serum amyloid A proteins and was deficient in apolipoprotein A-I and A-II. The fatty acid profile of HDL phospholipids analyzed using gas chromatography showed significantly lower percentages of stearic acid (17.4 ± 2.4 vs 15.8 ± 2.8, p = 0.004) and omega-3 fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (1.0 (0.6-1.4) vs 0.7 (0.4-1.0), p = 0.009) and docosahexaenoic acid (1.5 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 0.5, p = 0.03)] in ACS patients compared to controls. Lower percentages of these fatty acids in HDL were associated with higher odds of developing ACS. Our results suggest that distinct phospholipid fatty acid profiles found in HDL from ACS patients could be one of the contributing factors to the deranged HDL functions in these patients apart from the protein content and the inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himani Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinnyfred Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rintu Kutum
- Informatics and Big Data Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, Cardiothoracic and Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cuban Sugar Cane Wax Acid and Policosanol Showed Similar Atheroprotective Effects with Inhibition of LDL Oxidation and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer via Enhancement of High-Density Lipoproteins Functionality. Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 2019:8496409. [PMID: 31772618 PMCID: PMC6739770 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8496409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cuban sugarcane wax acids (SCWA) and policosanol (PCO) are mixtures of higher aliphatic acids and alcohols, respectively, purified from sugarcane wax with different chief components. Although it has been known that they have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, physiological properties on molecular mechanism of SCWA have been less studied than PCO. Methods In this study, we compared antiatherogenic activities of SCWA and PCO via encapsulation with reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL). Results After reconstitution, SCWA-rHDL showed smaller particle size than PCO-rHDL with increase of content. PCO-rHDL or SCWA-rHDL showed distinct inhibition of glycation with similar extent in the presence of fructose. PCO-rHDL or SCWA-rHDL showed strong antioxidant activity against cupric ion-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and inhibition of oxLDL uptake into macrophages. Although PCO-rHDL showed 1.2-fold stronger inhibition against cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity than SCWA-rHDL, SCWA-rHDL enhanced 15% more brain cell (BV-2) growth and 23% more regeneration of tail fin in zebrafish. Conclusion PCO and SCWA both enhance the beneficial functions of HDL to maximize its antioxidant, antiglycation, and antiatherosclerotic activities and the inhibition of CETP. These enhancements of HDL functionality by PCO and SCWA could exert antiaging and rejuvenation activity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Impact of Lifestyle Intervention on HDL-Induced eNOS Activation and Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Obese Adolescent. Cardiol Res Pract 2016; 2016:2820432. [PMID: 27965912 PMCID: PMC5124678 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2820432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Endothelial dysfunction occurs in obese children and adolescent and is regarded as a key step in the development of atherosclerosis. Important components for the development of endothelial dysfunction are reduced activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and an increase in cholesterol deposition in the vessel wall, due to reduced reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) activity. High density lipoprotein (HDL) exhibits antiatherosclerotic properties including modulation of eNOS activity and cholesterol efflux capacity. Lifestyle intervention programs can modify endothelial dysfunction in obese adolescents, but their impact on HDL-mediated eNOS activation and RCT is unknown so far. Methods. Obese adolescents (15 ± 1 years, BMI > 35 kg/m2) where randomized either to an intervention group (IG, n = 8; restricted diet and exercise) or to a usual care group (UC, n = 8). At the beginning and after 10 months of treatment HDL-mediated eNOS phosphorylation and cholesterol efflux capacity were evaluated. Results. Ten months of treatment resulted in a substantial weight loss (−31%), an improvement of endothelial function, and an increase in HDL-mediated eNOS-Ser1177 phosphorylation and RCT. A correlation between change in eNOS-Ser1177 phosphorylation or RCT and change in endothelial function was noted. Conclusion. A structured lifestyle intervention program improves antiatherosclerotic HDL functions, thereby positively influencing endothelial function.
Collapse
|
5
|
Oberbach A, Adams V, Schlichting N, Heinrich M, Kullnick Y, Lehmann S, Lehmann S, Feder S, Correia JC, Mohr FW, Völker U, Jehmlich N. Proteome profiles of HDL particles of patients with chronic heart failure are associated with immune response and also include bacteria proteins. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 453:114-22. [PMID: 26688386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Besides modulation of reverse cholesterol transport, high density lipoprotein (HDL) is able to modulate vascular function by stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Recently, it could be documented that this function of HDL was significantly impaired in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We investigated alterations in the HDL proteome in CHF patients. Therefore, HDL was isolated from 5 controls (HDLhealthy) and 5 CHF patients of NYHA-class IIIb (HDLCHF). Proteome analysis of HDL particles was performed by two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SCX/RP LC-MS/MS). In total, we identified 494 distinct proteins, of which 107 proteins were commonly found in both groups (HDLCHF and HDLhealthy) indicating a high inter-subject variability across HDL particles. Several important proteins (e.g. ITGA2, APBA1 or A2M) varied in level. Functional analysis revealed regulated pathways. A minor proportion of bacteria-derived proteins were also identified in the HDL-particles. The extension of the list of HDL-associated proteins allows besides their mere description new insights into alterations in HDL function in diseases. In addition, the detection of bacterial proteins bound to HDL will broaden our view of HDL not only as a cholesterol carrier but also as a carrier of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Oberbach
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany; Division of Diagnostics, Experimental Surgery/CardiOMICs, Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadine Schlichting
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Heinrich
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kullnick
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lehmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Lehmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Feder
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joao Carlos Correia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reiss AB, Voloshyna I, De Leon J, Miyawaki N, Mattana J. Cholesterol Metabolism in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 66:1071-82. [PMID: 26337134 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a substantial risk of developing coronary artery disease. Traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia do not adequately explain the high prevalence of CVD in CKD. Both CVD and CKD are inflammatory states and inflammation adversely affects lipid balance. Dyslipidemia in CKD is characterized by elevated triglyceride levels and high-density lipoprotein levels that are both decreased and dysfunctional. This dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein becomes proinflammatory and loses its atheroprotective ability to promote cholesterol efflux from cells, including lipid-overloaded macrophages in the arterial wall. Elevated triglyceride levels result primarily from defective clearance. The weak association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and coronary risk in CKD has led to controversy over the usefulness of statin therapy. This review examines disrupted cholesterol transport in CKD, presenting both clinical and preclinical evidence of the effect of the uremic environment on vascular lipid accumulation. Preventative and treatment strategies are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY.
| | - Iryna Voloshyna
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Nobuyuki Miyawaki
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Joseph Mattana
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sartore G, Seraglia R, Burlina S, Bolis A, Marin R, Manzato E, Ragazzi E, Traldi P, Lapolla A. High-density lipoprotein oxidation in type 2 diabetic patients and young patients with premature myocardial infarction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:418-425. [PMID: 25636381 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS ApoA-I can undergo oxidative changes that reduce anti-atherogenic role of HDL. The aim of this study was to seek any significant differences in methionine sulfoxide (MetO) content in the ApoA-I of HDL isolated from young patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetics and healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the lipid profile of 21 type 2 diabetic patients, 23 young patients with premature MI and 21 healthy volunteers; we determined in all patients the MetO content of ApoA-I in by MALDI/TOF/TOF technique. The typical MALDI spectra of the tryptic digest obtained from HDL plasma fractions all patients showed a relative abundance of peptides containing Met(112)O in ApoA-I in type 2 diabetic and CHD patients. This relative abundance is given as percentages of oxidized ApoA-I (OxApoA-I). OxApoA-I showed no significant correlations with lipoproteins in all patients studied, while a strong correlation emerged between the duration of diabetic disease and OxApoA-I levels in type 2 diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS The most remarkable finding of our study lies in the evidence it produced of an increased HDL oxidation in patients highly susceptible to CHD. Levels of MetO residues in plasma ApoA-I, measured using an accurate, specific method, should be investigated and considered in prospective future studies to assess their role in CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Sartore
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - S Burlina
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - A Bolis
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - R Marin
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - E Manzato
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - E Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - A Lapolla
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li C, Tu Y, Liu TR, Guo ZG, Xie D, Zhong JK, Fan YZ, Lai WY. Rosiglitazone attenuates atherosclerosis and increases high-density lipoprotein function in atherosclerotic rabbits. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:715-23. [PMID: 25604880 PMCID: PMC4314417 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosiglitazone has been found to have anti-atherogenic effects and to increase serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. However, in vivo studies investigating the regulation of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) by rosiglitazone are limited. Moreover, the effects of rosiglitazone on the function and levels of HDL are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of rosiglitazone on HDL function and its mechanisms of action in atherosclerotic rabbits. Our results revealed that rosiglitazone induced a significant increase in serum HDL-C levels, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, [3H]cholesterol efflux rates, and the expression of ABCA1 and SR-BI in hepatocytes and peritoneal macrophages. The expression of ABCA1 was also increased in aortic lesions. Rosiglitazone markedly reduced serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, aortic intima-media thickness (IMT) and the percentage of plaque area in the aorta. It can thus be concluded that in atherosclerotic rabbits, rosigitazone increases the levels of HDL-C and hinders atherosclerosis. Thus, it improves HDL quality and function, as well as the HDL-induced cholesterol efflux, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tu
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Rong Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Di Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Kai Zhong
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Zhen Fan
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Serban C, Muntean D, Mikhailids DP, Toth PP, Banach M. Dysfunctional HDL: the journey from savior to slayer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
10
|
Breton CV, Yin F, Wang X, Avol E, Gilliland FD, Araujo JA. HDL anti-oxidant function associates with LDL level in young adults. Atherosclerosis 2014; 232:165-70. [PMID: 24401232 PMCID: PMC4039385 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to evaluate predictors of HDL anti-oxidant function in young adults. BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is considered a protective factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, increased levels are not always associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. A better understanding of the importance of HDL functionality and how it affects CVD risk is needed. METHODS Fifty non-Hispanic white subjects from the Testing Responses on Youth (TROY) study were randomly selected to investigate whether differences in HDL anti-oxidant function are associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), arterial stiffness and other inflammatory/metabolic parameters. HDL anti-oxidant capacity was evaluated by assessing its ability to inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol oxidation by air using a DCF-based fluorescent assay and expressed as a HDL oxidant index (HOI). The associations between HOI and other variables were assessed using both linear and logistic regression. RESULTS Eleven subjects (25%) had an HOI ≥ 1, indicating a pro-oxidant HDL. Age, LDL, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and paraoxonase activity (PON1), but not HDL, were all associated with HOI level in univariate linear regression models. In multivariate models that mutually adjusted for these variables, LDL remained the strongest predictor of HOI (0.13 increase in HOI per 1 SD increase in LDL, 95% CI 0.04, 0.22). Atherogenic index of plasma, pulse pressure, homocysteine, glucose, insulin, CIMT and measurements of arterial stiffness were not associated with HOI in this population. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest LDL, hsCRP and DBP might predict HDL anti-oxidant function at an early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Fen Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Ed Avol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants modify apolipoprotein A-I and generate dysfunctional high-density lipoproteins: comparison of hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) with hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Biochem J 2012; 449:531-42. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20121210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative modification of HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) by MPO (myeloperoxidase) compromises its anti-atherogenic properties, which may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Although it has been established that HOCl (hypochlorous acid) produced by MPO targets apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I), the major apolipoprotein of HDLs, the role of the other major oxidant generated by MPO, HOSCN (hypothiocyanous acid), in the generation of dysfunctional HDLs has not been examined. In the present study, we characterize the structural and functional modifications of lipid-free apoA-I and rHDL (reconstituted discoidal HDL) containing apoA-I complexed with phospholipid, induced by HOSCN and its decomposition product, OCN− (cyanate). Treatment of apoA-I with HOSCN resulted in the oxidation of tryptophan residues, whereas OCN− induced carbamylation of lysine residues to yield homocitrulline. Tryptophan residues were more readily oxidized on apoA-I contained in rHDLs. Exposure of lipid-free apoA-I to HOSCN and OCN− significantly reduced the extent of cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-loaded macrophages when compared with unmodified apoA-I. In contrast, HOSCN did not affect the anti-inflammatory properties of rHDL. The ability of HOSCN to impair apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, particularly in smokers who have high plasma levels of SCN− (thiocyanate).
Collapse
|
12
|
Parish S, Offer A, Clarke R, Hopewell JC, Hill MR, Otvos JD, Armitage J, Collins R. Lipids and lipoproteins and risk of different vascular events in the MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study. Circulation 2012; 125:2469-78. [PMID: 22539783 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.073684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are established risk factors for vascular disease, but lipoprotein particle concentrations may be stronger determinants of risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Associations between vascular events and baseline concentrations of cholesterol fractions, apolipoproteins B and A(1), and lipoprotein particles assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance were considered in the Heart Protection Study randomized trial of simvastatin versus placebo (>5000 vascular events during 5.3 years of follow-up among 20 000 participants). Major occlusive coronary events were equally strongly associated with the cholesterol- and particle-based total LDL measures; adjusted hazard ratios per 1-SD-higher level were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.34) for LDL cholesterol, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.14-1.32) for non-HDL cholesterol, 1.23 (95% CI, 1.15-1.33) for apolipoprotein B, and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.16-1.35) for LDL particle number. Given the total LDL particle number, the distribution between small and large particles did not add predictive value. Associations of these different LDL-related measures were similar with arterial revascularization procedures but much weaker or nonexistent with ischemic stroke and other cardiac events (mainly heart failure). After adjustment for LDL particle number, the hazard ratios for major occlusive coronary event per 1-SD-higher level were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86-0.96) for HDL cholesterol and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85-0.93) for HDL particle number. Other cardiac events were inversely associated with total (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.90) and small (0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.89) HDL particle number but only very weakly associated with HDL cholesterol (0.94; 95% CI, 0.88-1.00). CONCLUSIONS In a population at 2% average coronary event risk per year, cholesterol, apolipoprotein, and particle measures of LDL were strongly correlated and had similar predictive values for incident major occlusive vascular events. It is unclear whether the associations between HDL particle numbers and other cardiac events represent a causal or reverse-causal effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Parish
- Heart Protection Study, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Richard Doll Bldg, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo ZG, Li C, Zhong JK, Tu Y, Xie D. Laboratory investigation of dysfunctional HDL. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 165:32-7. [PMID: 22064068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are anti-atherosclerotic, by virtue of their functions in reverse cholesterol transportation, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. However, recent studies have cast doubt on the cardio-protective role of HDL. Structural modification and composition alteration of HDL due to chronic inflammation and acute phase responses may result in loss of normal biological function and even convert HDL into a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative agent. Therefore, the assessment of dysfunctional HDL has become a novel target to investigate the association between HDL and coronary artery disease risk. This review article summarizes the laboratory assessment of dysfunctional HDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Gang Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kones R. Low-Fat Versus Low-Carbohydrate Diets, Weight Loss, Vascular Health, and Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Nutr Clin Pract 2010; 25:528-41. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533610380614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
15
|
Carmena R, Ascaso JF. Tratamiento integral de la dislipidemia diabética: beneficios y nuevas alternativas terapéuticas. Med Clin (Barc) 2010; 134:406-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:177-85. [PMID: 20190584 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283382286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Keidar S, Bogner I, Gamliel-Lazarovich A, Leiba R, Fuhrman B, Kouperberg E. High plasma high-density lipoprotein levels, very low cardiovascular risk profile, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. J Clin Lipidol 2009; 3:345-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|