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Gorji MT, Alaei-Shahmiri F, Darban Hosseini Amirkhiz G, Sezavar SH, Malek M, Khamseh ME. Appropriateness of Intensive Statin Treatment in People with Type Two Diabetes and Mild Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:290-299. [PMID: 38310429 PMCID: PMC10685836 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare moderate- versus high-intensity statin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol less than 130 mg/dL. METHODS This was a randomized, open-label, parallel design trial comprised of 79 patients randomly allocated into two groups receiving high-intensity [atorvastatin 40 mg (A40) or rosuvastatin 20 mg (R20) daily] or moderate-intensity [atorvastatin 20 mg (A20) or rosuvastatin 10 (R10) mg daily] statins for eight weeks. The variables investigated were lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). RESULTS The percentage of decrease in LDL levels (±SD) for the high-intensity group (-35.5±25.5) was significantly greater than the moderate-intensity group (-24.6±23.5) (P=0.04). While 38.1% (n:8) of patients receiving A20 and 55% (n:11) of those being on R10 achieved the targets of≥30% reduction in the LDL level, these figures were 63.2% (n=12) and 73.8% (n=14) for A40 and R20 subgroups, respectively. Subsequently, the likelihood of achieving LDL reduction≥30%, was significantly greater with high-intensity statin therapy (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.09, 8.90, P=0.03). Logistic regression analysis also showed that for every 1 mg/ dL increase in the baseline LDL level, the odds of achieving the LDL reduction≥30% increased by 1.04 times [95% CI: (1.01, 1.07), P=0.003]. CONCLUSION Despite the general conception, moderate-intensity statins are not adequate for the majority of patients with T2DM and mild hyperlipidemia and greater numbers of patients could reach the LDL cholesterol target with high-intensity statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Gorji
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Alaei-Shahmiri
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gisoo Darban Hosseini Amirkhiz
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hashem Sezavar
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Malek
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad E Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Multislice Computed Tomography Angiography Imaging Diagnosis of Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis in Patients with Hypertension and Its Correlation with the Level of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1768208. [PMID: 36092791 PMCID: PMC9453093 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1768208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between multislice computed tomography (CT) angiography (MSCTA) imaging and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with hypertension and lower extremity arteriosclerosis. 68 hypertensive patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis were selected as the observation group, and 68 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group to compare the differences in hs-CRP. According to the degree of stenosis, the patients were further divided into five grades: no obvious stenosis, mild stenosis, moderate stenosis, severe stenosis, and occlusion. The correlation between the degree of stenosis and the content of hs-CRP was compared. The changes of hs-CRP content before and after treatment were compared, and the difference of images before and after surgical treatment and the difference of hs-CRP expression in patients with occlusion were compared. Compared with the control group, the content of hs-CRP in the observation group was significantly higher (
), and the degree of stenosis was positively correlated with the content of hs-CRP. After two weeks of treatment, the hs-CRP levels of patients with severe stenosis and occlusion were significantly lower than those before treatment (
). The level of hs-CRP in patients with occlusion after arterial stent intervention was significantly lower than before, and the images also showed that the blood vessels were significantly expanded. The degree of stenosis in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis diagnosed by MSCTA imaging was closely related to the expression of hs-CRP in the patient, and a sustained high concentration of hs-CRP corresponded to a more severe degree of vascular occlusion. In conclusion, the hs-CRP can be used as one of the factors to predict and evaluate the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Ballantyne CM, Bays HE, Louie MJ, Smart J, Zhang Y, Ray KK. Factors Associated With Enhanced Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering With Bempedoic Acid. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024531. [PMID: 35916348 PMCID: PMC9375471 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Bempedoic acid (BA) inhibits ATP‐citrate lyase in the cholesterol synthesis pathway and lowers low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). As with other lipid‐lowering therapies, interindividual variation in response to BA was observed in clinical trials. We characterized LDL‐C response to BA using guideline‐defined statin intensity categories and identified clinical factors associated with enhanced LDL‐C lowering with BA. Methods and Results This post hoc analysis used pooled data from 4 phase 3 studies. Patients were randomized 2:1 to once‐daily BA 180 mg (n=2321) or placebo (n=1167) for 12 to 52 weeks and grouped based on percent change in LDL‐C from baseline to week 12 according to guideline‐established statin intensity categories. Factors associated with ≥30% reduction in LDL‐C were identified using logistic regression analyses. From baseline to week 12, BA lowered LDL‐C levels comparable to a moderate‐ or high‐intensity statin (≥30%) in 28.9% of patients; this degree of LDL‐C lowering was observed in 50.9% of patients not receiving background statin therapy. In a multivariable analysis, the absence of statins, female sex, a history of diabetes, ezetimibe use, and higher high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein level were associated with increased rates of achieving ≥30% LDL‐C reduction with BA (P<0.01 for each). Conclusions A large percentage of patients receiving BA achieved LDL‐C reductions comparable to a moderate‐ or high‐intensity statin. Factors including statin absence, female sex, diabetes history, ezetimibe use, and a higher high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein level may be useful to identify patients who may have a greater LDL‐C reduction with BA. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT02666664, NCT02991118, NCT02988115, NCT03001076.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold E Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center Louisville KY
| | | | | | - Yang Zhang
- Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. Ann Arbor MI
| | - Kausik K Ray
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom
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Palla AH, Amin F, Fatima B, Shafiq A, Rehman NU, Haq IU, Gilani AUH. Systematic Review of Polyherbal Combinations Used in Metabolic Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:752926. [PMID: 34690784 PMCID: PMC8529216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease, whose main stay of prevention and management is life-style modification which is difficult to attain. Combination of herbs have proven more efficacious in multi-targeted diseases, as compared to individual herbs owing to the "effect enhancing and side-effect neutralizing" properties of herbs, which forms the basis of polyherbal therapies This led us to review literature on the efficacy of herbal combinations in MetS. Methods: Electronic search of literature was conducted by using Cinnahl, Pubmed central, Cochrane and Web of Science, whereas, Google scholar was used as secondary search tool. The key words used were "metabolic syndrome, herbal/poly herbal," metabolic syndrome, clinical trial" and the timings were limited between 2005-2020. Results: After filtering and removing duplications by using PRISMA guidelines, search results were limited to 41 studies, out of which 24 studies were evaluated for combinations used in animal models and 15 in clinical trials related to metabolic syndrome. SPICE and SPIDER models were used to assess the clinical trials, whereas, a checklist and a qualitative and a semi-quantitative questionnaire was formulated to report the findings for animal based studies. Taxonomic classification of Poly herbal combinations used in animal and clinical studies was designed. Conclusion: With this study we have identified the potential polyherbal combinations along with a proposed method to validate animal studies through systematic qualitative and quantitative review. This will help researchers to study various herbal combinations in MetS, in the drug development process and will give a future direction to research on prevention and management of MetS through polyherbal combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hanif Palla
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faridah Amin
- Family Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bilqees Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arooj Shafiq
- Department of Bioscience, Salim Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram ul Haq
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Morais LC, Rocha APR, Turi-Lynch BC, Ferro IS, Koyama KAK, Araújo MYC, Codogno JS. Health indicators and costs among outpatients according to physical activity level and obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1375-1379. [PMID: 31336495 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE How biochemical variables influence the costs of the Brazilian National Healthcare System, according to body composition and physical activity. METHODS Participated in this study 168 patients. Biochemical variables were glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high, low, very low density lipoprotein and C-reactive protein (CRP). For the cost analysis the medical records was analyzed. Physical activity was assessed through questionnaire. Body adiposity was assessed by body mass index. Four groups were defined according body adiposity and physical activity. RESULTS The active obese group had higher values of very low density lipoprotein and triglycerides when compared to the inactive obese. The non-obese inactive group had lower values of non-high density lipoprotein compared to the inactive obese. The non-obese active group presented lower insulin value when compared to the inactive obese. The inactive obese group presented higher values in the CRP when compared to the non-obese active and inactive groups when compared to non-obese and active obese group. There was a positive correlation between insulin, glucose, CRP and drug and total costs. CONCLUSIONS Biochemical variables were different according to body composition and physical activity. Insulin, glucose and CRP were related to cost in drugs and total costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana C Morais
- São Paulo State University Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 305 Roberto Simonsen, 19060-900, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula R Rocha
- Department of Physiotherapy, Woman's Health Research Laboratory - LAMU, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, 235 Km Rod. Washington Luis, 13565-905, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Bruna C Turi-Lynch
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 305 Roberto Simonsen, 19060-900, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
| | - Izabela S Ferro
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University, 305 Rua Roberto Símonsen, 19060-900, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
| | - Kelly A K Koyama
- Department of Physiotherapy, Woman's Health Research Laboratory - LAMU, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, 235 Km Rod. Washington Luis, 13565-905, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Monique Y C Araújo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Woman's Health Research Laboratory - LAMU, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, 235 Km Rod. Washington Luis, 13565-905, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Jamile S Codogno
- Department of Physiotherapy, Woman's Health Research Laboratory - LAMU, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, 235 Km Rod. Washington Luis, 13565-905, São Carlos, Brazil.
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Kazaz İ, Angin E, Kabaran S, İyigün G, Kirmizigil B, Malkoç M. Evaluation of the physical activity level, nutrition quality, and depression in patients with metabolic syndrome: Comparative study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0485. [PMID: 29718839 PMCID: PMC6392583 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex problem that contains risk factors related with obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type-II diabetes. The incidence of MetS is increasing every year throughout the world.The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare physical activity levels, nutrition quality, and depression status of the individuals who are diagnosed with and without MetS.International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. In addition, biochemical analysis and anthropometric measurements were also taken.According to IPAQ, 81.1% of the MetS group is inactive, 6.8% is active, and 5.1% is highly active, whereas 22.3% of the non-MetS group is inactive, 46.2% is active, and 31.5% is highly active. MEDAS was found to be lower in the MetS group. BDI levels were also determined high in the MetS group.Sedentary lifestyle, depression, and unhealthy nutrition habits are among the significant factors for the development of MetS. The knowledge levels of the people should be increased by developing national physical activity and nutrition guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Kazaz
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department
| | - Ender Angin
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department
| | - Seray Kabaran
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Gözde İyigün
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department
| | - Berkiye Kirmizigil
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department
| | - Mehtap Malkoç
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department
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Brown WV, Foody JM, Zieve FJ, Tomassini JE, Shah A, Tershakovec AM. Inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol raising and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein reduction in older patients treated with lipid-lowering therapy. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:116-23. [PMID: 26892128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding relationships between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and lipoproteins other than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). High-density lipoprotein (HDL), with both anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-mediating effects, is of particular interest. This exploratory analysis assessed associations between hsCRP and lipids in older (>65 years) patients with moderate and/or high cardiovascular disease risk, before and after treatment with ezetimibe/simvastatin (E/S) or atorvastatin (ATV). METHODS An analysis of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, 12-week study. Correlations were assessed in 1054 patients with both baseline and 12-week hsCRP ≤ 10 mg/L, pooled across doses of E/S (10/20 and 10/40 mg) and ATV (10, 20, and 40 mg), and combined E/S + ATV treatments. Because of multiple comparisons, observed relationships were considered significant only if P values were < .01. RESULTS Correlations between baseline levels of hsCRP and either LDL-C, non-HDL-C, or apolipoprotein B were weak and nonsignificant in the E/S, ATV, and E/S + ATV groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, these correlations increased slightly and significantly in all groups, except for LDL-C in the ATV group. HDL-C was significantly but inversely correlated with hsCRP in the ATV and E/S + ATV groups at baseline, and in all groups at 12 weeks. Only with HDL-C did change correlate with change in hsCRP in both the E/S and combined groups. CONCLUSIONS Relationships between hsCRP and lipid factors in older patients were weak at baseline and somewhat stronger after treatment. HDL-C was inversely and consistently correlated with baseline and 12-week on-treatment hsCRP and with therapy-induced changes in HDL-C and hsCRP.
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Ding C, Hu M, Wu YJ, Tomlinson B. Achievement of specified lipid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels with two statins in Chinese patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:107. [PMID: 26365713 PMCID: PMC4568069 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Statins reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. Rosuvastatin 10 mg daily appears to be more potent in reducing LDL-C than simvastatin 40 mg, but the relative effect of these two statin doses on hsCRP is unknown. Methods Chinese hyperlipidaemic patients with high cardiovascular risk or familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) were treated with rosuvastatin 10 mg and simvastatin 40 mg daily in an open-label crossover study. Lipid profiles were measured off treatment and after at least 4 weeks treatment with each of the two statins and hsCRP levels were measured on treatment with both statins. Results Both treatments were well tolerated in 247 patients (age 55.7 ± 11.1 years; 100 male; 140 with FH) with good treatment compliance. There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) for rosuvastatin versus simvastatin for LDL-C reduction (−52.4 ± 11.9 % vs. -47.7 ± 10.8 %) and on-treatment LDL-C (2.62 ± 0.99 mmol/L vs. 2.86 ± 0.97 mmol/L), respectively, but the on-treatment hsCRP levels (1.33 ± 1.37 mg/L vs. 1.41 ± 1.57 mg/L, P > 0.05) were not significantly different. The lipid target (LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L) was achieved by 52.9 % with rosuvastatin compared with 42.6 % with simvastatin (P < 0.05). The proportions of patients attaining hsCRP targets of <2 and <1 mg/L were similar with the two statins (57.1 % and 74.6 % for rosuvastatin vs. 57.1 % and 80.1 % for simvastatin, P > 0.05). Conclusion A significantly greater proportion of patients achieved LDL-C targets with rosuvastatin 10 mg compared to simvastatin 40 mg in Chinese patients with hypercholesterolaemia, but there was no significant difference in achieving hsCRP target levels with the two statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Hu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yong-Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital and National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Rosen JB, Ballantyne CM, Hsueh WA, Lin J, Shah AK, Lowe RS, Tershakovec AM. Influence of metabolic syndrome factors and insulin resistance on the efficacy of ezetimibe/simvastatin and atorvastatin in patients with metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease risk. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:103. [PMID: 26336957 PMCID: PMC4559874 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) are increasing in prevalence, are associated with higher risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), and may potentially influence the responses to lipid-altering drug therapy. This study evaluated the effects of MetS factors (abdominal obesity, depleted high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and elevated triglycerides, blood pressure, and fasting glucose) and IR on ezetimibe/simvastatin and atorvastatin treatment efficacy in patients with MetS. METHODS This post-hoc analysis of a multicenter, 6-week, double-blind, randomized, parallel group study of 1128 subjects with hypercholesterolemia, MetS, and moderately high/high CHD risk evaluated the effects of baseline MetS factors/IR on percent change from baseline in lipids, apolipoproteins, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), after treatment with the usual starting doses of ezetimibe/simvastatin (10/20 mg) versus atorvastatin (10 mg, 20 mg) and next higher doses (10/40 mg versus 40 mg). RESULTS Ezetimibe/simvastatin and atorvastatin efficacy was generally consistent across MetS factor/IR subgroups. Ezetimibe/simvastatin produced greater incremental percent reductions in LDL-C, non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, and lipoprotein ratios for all subgroups, and larger percent increases in HDL-C and apolipoprotein AI for all but non-obese and HDL-C ≥ 40 mg/dL subgroups than atorvastatin at the doses compared. Triglycerides, very-LDL-C, and hs-CRP results were more variable but similar between treatment groups. CONCLUSION The magnitude of lipid-altering effects produced by each treatment regimen was generally similar across all MetS and IR subgroups. Ezetimibe/simvastatin produced greater percent reductions in most lipid fractions than atorvastatin at the dose comparisons studied, and all treatments were generally well tolerated. (Registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00409773).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Baylor College of Medicine and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This represents the first update of this review, which was published in 2012. Atorvastatin is one of the most widely prescribed drugs and the most widely prescribed statin in the world. It is therefore important to know the dose-related magnitude of effect of atorvastatin on blood lipids. OBJECTIVES Primary objective To quantify the effects of various doses of atorvastatin on serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides in individuals with and without evidence of cardiovascular disease. The primary focus of this review was determination of the mean per cent change from baseline of LDL-cholesterol. Secondary objectives • To quantify the variability of effects of various doses of atorvastatin.• To quantify withdrawals due to adverse effects (WDAEs) in placebo-controlled randomised controlled trials (RCTs). SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 11, 2013), MEDLINE (1966 to December Week 2 2013), EMBASE (1980 to December Week 2 2013), Web of Science (1899 to December Week 2 2013) and BIOSIS Previews (1969 to December Week 2 2013). We applied no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled and uncontrolled before-and-after trials evaluating the dose response of different fixed doses of atorvastatin on blood lipids over a duration of three to 12 weeks. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed eligibility criteria for studies to be included and extracted data. We collected information on withdrawals due to adverse effects from placebo-controlled trials. MAIN RESULTS In this update, we found an additional 42 trials and added them to the original 254 studies. The update consists of 296 trials that evaluated dose-related efficacy of atorvastatin in 38,817 participants. Included are 242 before-and-after trials and 54 placebo-controlled RCTs. Log dose-response data from both trial designs revealed linear dose-related effects on blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. The Summary of findings table 1 documents the effect of atorvastatin on LDL-cholesterol over the dose range of 10 to 80 mg/d, which is the range for which this systematic review acquired the greatest quantity of data. Over this range, blood LDL-cholesterol is decreased by 37.1% to 51.7% (Summary of findings table 1). The slope of dose-related effects on cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol was similar for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, but rosuvastatin is about three-fold more potent. Subgroup analyses suggested that the atorvastatin effect was greater in females than in males and was greater in non-familial than in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Risk of bias for the outcome of withdrawals due to adverse effects (WDAEs) was high, but the mostly unclear risk of bias was judged unlikely to affect lipid measurements. Withdrawals due to adverse effects were not statistically significantly different between atorvastatin and placebo groups in these short-term trials (risk ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 1.40). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This update resulted in no change to the main conclusions of the review but significantly increases the strength of the evidence. Studies show that atorvastatin decreases blood total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in a linear dose-related manner over the commonly prescribed dose range. New findings include that atorvastatin is more than three-fold less potent than rosuvastatin, and that the cholesterol-lowering effects of atorvastatin are greater in females than in males and greater in non-familial than in familial hypercholesterolaemia. This review update does not provide a good estimate of the incidence of harms associated with atorvastatin because included trials were of short duration and adverse effects were not reported in 37% of placebo-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Adams
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences Mall, Medical Block CVancouverBCCanadaV6T 1Z3
| | - Michael Tsang
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Office, Faculty of Medicine1200 Main Street WestHSC 3W10HamiltonONCanadaL8N 3N5
| | - James M Wright
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences Mall, Medical Block CVancouverBCCanadaV6T 1Z3
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Naruse R, Hori KI, Terasawa T, Hara K, Suetsugu M, Takebayashi K, Morita K, Aso Y, Inukai T. Alterations of plant sterols, lathosterol, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers after the combination therapy of ezetimibe and statin drugs in type 2 diabetic patients. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 9:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sauer H, Krumm A, Weimer K, Horing B, Mazurak N, Gulewitsch MD, Hellmond F, Dammann D, Binder W, Linse P, Zipfel S, Ehehalt S, Binder G, Demircioglu A, Muth ER, Enck P, Mack I. PreDictor Research in Obesity during Medical care - weight Loss in children and adolescents during an INpatient rehabilitation: rationale and design of the DROMLIN study. J Eat Disord 2014; 2:7. [PMID: 24764531 PMCID: PMC3984741 DOI: 10.1186/2050-2974-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in adults and children is increasing worldwide at alarming rates. Obese children and adolescents are likely to become obese adults with increased risk of a number of comorbidities. In addition to preventing the development of obesity at young age, it is necessary to individualize the therapy of already obese children and adolescents in order to increase the likelihood of weight loss and maintenance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify predictors which play a significant role in successful weight loss and weight loss maintenance in children and adolescents. METHODS/DESIGN Over a one year period, 60 obese children and adolescents between 9 to 17 years of age shall be recruited at an inpatient children rehabilitation facility in Germany. They will be investigated twice within a few days following admission and prior to discharge. The study will be an integrated component of an established inpatient weight-loss and in part psychosomatic therapy. The collected data can be grouped into four clusters: 1) demographic, sociometric and psychometric data, 2) objective and subjective parameters of body condition, 3) autonomic nervous system regulated functions and 4) objective and subjective parameters for eating behavior. Primary outcome is the change of the body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS). In order to evaluate the data appropriately, all examinations will be also conducted in a normal-weight reference group, matched for age and gender. DISCUSSION For some of the collected parameters the time span between measures may be too short. Therefore, a 6 months, 1 year and 2 year follow-up will be performed for evaluating the different predictors and their influence in regard to a successful intervention. Further middle- and long-term follow-up studies are planned. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Tübingen, Germany. This study is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) with the clinical trial number DRKS00005122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Sauer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Krumm
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Weimer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Björn Horing
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nazar Mazurak
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marco D Gulewitsch
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Hellmond
- Fachkliniken Wangen i.A., Children Rehabilitation Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Allergies and Psychosomatics, Wangen i.A., Germany
| | - Dirk Dammann
- Fachkliniken Wangen i.A., Children Rehabilitation Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Allergies and Psychosomatics, Wangen i.A., Germany
| | - Walter Binder
- Fachkliniken Wangen i.A., Children Rehabilitation Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Allergies and Psychosomatics, Wangen i.A., Germany
| | - Peter Linse
- Fachkliniken Wangen i.A., Children Rehabilitation Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Allergies and Psychosomatics, Wangen i.A., Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehehalt
- Public Health Department of Stuttgart, Department of Pediatrics, Dental Health Care, Health Promotion and Social Services, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gerhard Binder
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aydin Demircioglu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric R Muth
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Enck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Medical Hospital, Frondsbergstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
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