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Saudelli E, Moscatiello S, Baldari M, Bongiorno C, Zucchini S, Maltoni G, Agostini A, Paccapelo A, Nardi E, Ribichini D, Bruco A, Lo Preiato V, Laffi G, Pagotto U, Di Dalmazi G. Sex-driven factors associated with anxiety and depression in autoimmune diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02275-4. [PMID: 38743078 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in a large cohort of adults with autoimmune diabetes, identifying sex-driven associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 553 consecutive adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults who came to the Division of Endocrinology of the S.Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna (Italy), to receive their second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We administered the questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Diabetes Distress Scale, Diabetes-related Quality of Life, Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire. We collected clinical and biochemical data and 14 days glucose metrics in patients with sensor use > 70% in a time span of ± 4 months from the questionnaires' administration. We excluded 119 patients from our analyses with missing data (final cohort n = 434: 79% of those enrolled). RESULTS Anxiety and depression prevalence was respectively 30.4% and 10.8%. According to the multivariate analysis, higher diabete-related emotional burden, lower treatment satisfaction, but not physician-related distress, were risk factors for anxiety and depression; female sex was associated with anxiety (OR 0.51, 95% 0.31-0.81; p = 0.005); in women, depression was associated with increasing age (males vs. females OR 0.96 per 1 year increase, 95% CI 0.92-1.00; p = 0.036), whilst in men with HbA1c (OR 1.08 per 1 mmol/mol increase, 95% CI 1.03-1.13; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Nearly 1/3 of patients with autoimmune diabetes suffers from anxiety and 1/10 from depression. These conditions are associated with independent modifiable and non-modifiable characteristics. For depression, these characteristics differ between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Saudelli
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Moscatiello
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Baldari
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Bongiorno
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Zucchini
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Maltoni
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandro Paccapelo
- Research and Innovation Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Nardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Danilo Ribichini
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Bruco
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Lo Preiato
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gilberto Laffi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Di Dalmazi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Rueger MS, Lechner-Meichsner F, Kirschbaum L, Lubik S, Roll SC, Steil R. Prolonged grief disorder in an inpatient psychiatric sample: psychometric properties of a new clinical interview and preliminary prevalence. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:333. [PMID: 38693470 PMCID: PMC11064282 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) was newly included in the ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. It is not yet part of the standard assessments in many healthcare systems, including psychiatric wards. Because disordered grief is associated with suicidality, sleep problems and substance use disorders, an investigation into PGD in psychiatric inpatients is warranted. METHOD We interviewed N = 101 psychiatric inpatients who were admitted to the open psychiatric wards and the day hospital of a German psychiatric hospital and who had lost a person close to them. Assessments comprised clinical interviews and self-report instruments covering PGD and other mental disorders. We specifically developed the International Interview for Prolonged Grief Disorder according to ICD-11 (I-PGD-11) for the study and examined its psychometric properties. RESULTS The prevalence rate of PGD among bereaved patients according to ICD-11 was 16.83% and according to DSM-5-TR 10.89%. The I-PGD-11 showed good psychometric properties (Mc Donald's ω = 0.89, ICC = 0.985). Being female, having lost a child or spouse, and unnatural or surprising circumstances of the death were associated with higher PGD scores. TRIAL REGISTRATION Approval was obtained by the ethics committee of the of the Goethe University Frankfurt (2021-62, 2023-17) and the Chamber of Hessian Physicians (2021-2730-evBO). The study was preregistered ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/K98MF ). LIMITATIONS We only assessed inpatients of one psychiatric clinic in Germany, limiting the generalizability of our findings. CONCLUSION The present study underlines the importance of exploring loss and grief in psychiatric inpatients and including PGD in the assessments. Given that a significant minority of psychiatric inpatients has prolonged grief symptoms, more research into inpatient treatment programs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Sophie Rueger
- Department Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Varrentrappstraße 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | - Lotte Kirschbaum
- Department Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Varrentrappstraße 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silke Lubik
- Klinik für psychische Gesundheit, varisano Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Gotenstraße 6-8, 65929, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sibylle C Roll
- Klinik für psychische Gesundheit, varisano Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Gotenstraße 6-8, 65929, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Regina Steil
- Department Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Varrentrappstraße 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kumar AAW. Stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness: A cross-sectional survey of Australian medical students. Australas Psychiatry 2023; 31:734-740. [PMID: 37724416 PMCID: PMC10725625 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231202119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the degree of stigmatizing attitudes and psychological distress amongst Australian medical students in order to better understand factors that may impact help-seeking behaviours of students. We hypothesize that sociodemographic factors will not significantly predict stigmatizing attitudes, and increasing levels of psychological distress will be associated with increasing stigma. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to medical students at Western Australian universities and members of the Australian Medical Students' Association. Stigma was scored using the Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitudes (MICA-2) scale. Psychological distress was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Participants provided information about gender, age, spirituality, financial hardship, treatment for mental illness, and experience in psychiatry. RESULTS There were 598 responses. The mean (Standard Deviation) MICA-2 score was 36.8 (7.5) out of a maximum of 96, and the mean (SD) HADS depression score was 4.7 (3.7). The mean (SD) HADS anxiety score was 9.3 (4.4). Past or current treatment for a mental illness was associated with lower MICA-2 scores. There was no association between MICA-2 and HADS scores, or sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate relatively low MICA-2 scores and high HADS-A scores overall, with no association between HADS scores and stigma.
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Garcia L, Ferguson SE, Facio L, Schary D, Guenther CH. Assessment of well-being using Fitbit technology in college students, faculty and staff completing breathing meditation during COVID-19: A pilot study. MENTAL HEALTH & PREVENTION 2023; 30:200280. [PMID: 37200555 PMCID: PMC10159665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2023.200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to explore the intersection of mindfulness, physical activity, and mental well-being within higher education populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. College students, faculty, and staff (n = 34) from a public university participated in the study during spring, summer, and fall 2021. All participants wore a Fitbit for two weeks and were assigned to a treatment group (n = 17), who completed a daily five-minute breathing meditation during the second week, and a control group (n = 17), who did not complete breathing meditation. Amount of sleep and physical activity were measured with the Fitbit. Surveys assessed feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, along with perceived anxiety, depression, well-being, worry, and mindfulness at baseline and after the two-week study. Results demonstrated that the intervention was feasible, and that daily breathing meditation may help reduce anxiety and may lead to greater physical activity and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This pilot study lays the foundation for further research into mindfulness, physical activity, and mental health, which may have important implications for promoting mental well-being in college populations following the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Garcia
- Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, USA
| | - Shea E Ferguson
- Department of Educational Studies, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leslie Facio
- Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, USA
| | - David Schary
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Performance, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, South Carolina, USA
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Emotional wellbeing of student midwives during COVID-19. Women Birth 2023; 36:184-192. [PMID: 36473798 PMCID: PMC9708611 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health of students in higher education was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIM To examine the emotional wellbeing of midwifery students in the Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium) during COVID-19. METHODS A cross-sectional online-based survey with 619 Dutch and Flemish midwifery students. Sociodemographic details were obtained. Anxiety and depression were measured twice (T1, T2) during the COVID-19 pandemic. FINDINGS Flemish students had significantly higher mean depression and anxiety scores than Dutch students during the total period of study (p < .001; p < .001). Total group mean depression and anxiety scores were significantly higher at T2 compared to T1 (p < .001; p < .001). In the Dutch student group, there was a significant increase of depression from T1 to T2 (p < .001). In the Flemish student group, both depression and anxiety scores significantly increased from T1 to T2 (p < .001; p < .001). A history of psychological problems predicted both depression and anxiety, irrespective of COVID-19 period or country (p < .001; p < .001). Being single (p.015) and having a job (p.046) predicted depression, irrespective of period or country. A history of psychological problems predicted depression (p.004; p < .001) and anxiety (p.003; p.001) during the total period of study. Being single also predicted depression during T2 (p.024). CONCLUSION These findings inform how emotional wellbeing of midwifery students was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify those students that might need extra attention after the pandemic, during another pandemic or similar situations with social restrictions.
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Moore MM, Tyra AT, Young DA, Ginty AT. Cardiovascular stress reactivity, habituation, and adiposity. Psychophysiology 2022; 60:e14232. [PMID: 36523148 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between adiposity and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality is complex. One pathway through which adiposity may influence future health outcomes is by altering how biological systems respond to stress. The current study aimed to examine the association between two metrics of adiposity (body mass index and waist-hip ratio) and two indices of cardiovascular stress responses (reactivity and habituation). A sample of 455 participants (Mean age = 19.47, SD = 1.25 years; BMI = 24.32, SD = 5.04 kg/m2 ; 62% female; 17.9% Hispanic/Latino; 65.2% White, 18.7% Asian, 7.9% Black, 0.2% American Indian/Alaska Native, and 7% other) completed two acute psychosocial stress tasks. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded throughout each stressor. In unadjusted and adjusted models, there were no statistically significant associations between adiposity and HR, SBP, or DBP stress reactivity or habituation. The current data do not support the hypothesis that adiposity influences health by altering cardiovascular responses to acute psychological stress. Results are at odds with prior population-level studies and the single prior study examining adiposity and habituation. At the same time, results are in line with mounting evidence that adiposity itself does not drive poor cardiovascular outcomes seen in people classified as overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody M. Moore
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Baylor University Waco Texas USA
| | - Alexandra T. Tyra
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Baylor University Waco Texas USA
| | - Danielle A. Young
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Baylor University Waco Texas USA
| | - Annie T. Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Baylor University Waco Texas USA
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Simieli L, Santinelli FB, Costa EC, Kuroda MH, Oliveira LR, Penedo T, Pilon J, Silveira APB, Assis ISA, Tardelli E, Okamoto E, Barbieri FA. Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic by Brazilian People With Parkinson's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:718313. [PMID: 35664184 PMCID: PMC9162171 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.718313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 in Brazil is threatening, and it has forced the government to adopt partial lockdown as a strategy to stop the spread of the virus in the first wave of pandemic (March 2020). These preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic may affect the motor and non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the perception during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on motor and non-motor symptoms, and also measure physical activity level, quality of life, and sleep quality in Brazilian people with PD and MS. One hundred and fifty-three participants (PD-97 and MS-56) answered an online survey to identify the perception of motor and non-motor symptoms, and characterize the physical activity level, and quality of life and sleep in these neurological Brazillian population. During the beginning of pandemic lockdown in Brazil, our results indicated that 69% of people with PD and 55% of people with MS reported worse on motor aspects and lower amount of physical activity performed. Also, 75.2% (PD) and 92.9% (MS) of our cohort were considered inactive or sedentary. Based on the perception and behavior of the population studied, people with PD and MS should be encouraged to perform more physical activity in order to reduce the effects of isolation in motor and non-motor aspects of the diseases. Teleinterventions, such as home-based exercise, should be included in the new routine of people with PD and MS to reduce the impacts of lockdown and to maintain quality of life at a good level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Simieli
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil,*Correspondence: Lucas Simieli,
| | - Felipe B. Santinelli
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil,REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Elisa C. Costa
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marina H. Kuroda
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Lorena R. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Tiago Penedo
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Julia Pilon
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Aline P. B. Silveira
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Iramaia S. A. Assis
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Okamoto
- Associação Brazil Parkinson (ABP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Barbieri
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
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Fghihi-Zarandi A, Dabaghzadeh F, Vaziri A, Karami-Mohajeri S, Ghorbaninejad B, Zamani A, Rahimi-Sadegh K. Occupational risk assessment of organophosphates with an emphasis on psychological and oxidative stress factors. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:342-350. [PMID: 35513771 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221096315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are widely used all over the world in domestic and industrial settings, but these chemicals affect the nervous system, induce suicidal thoughts, depression and anxiety, and impair sleep quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the main toxicity mechanisms of OPPs, oxidative stress and cholinesterase inhibition, and psychological parameters in chronic exposure to OPPs. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 56 male OPPs factory workers as the worker group and 47 unexposed individuals within the same age range as the control group. Psychological factors were assessed using validated questionnaires. The activity of plasma cholinesterase and oxidative stress biomarkers, total antioxidant capacity of plasma, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonylation were determined in blood samples by spectrophotometer. Sleep quality score in the factory workers was lower, and depression and suicidal ideation scores were higher than those in the control group. These factory workers showed 35% lower levels of plasma cholinesterase activity than did the controls. Compared to the control group, a significant impairment in oxidative stress biomarkers was also observed in the workers. Meanwhile, there was a significant relationship between the duration of employment and the level of LPO as well as a significant correlation between the quality of sleep and plasma cholinesterase in the workers. In conclusion, long-term exposure to OPPs could cause oxidative damages and neurobehavioral effects. The close monitoring of workplace exposure to organophosphates pesticides and also their respective solvents along with the reduction of working hours are of the necessities to avoid the adverse impacts of exposure to these pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fghihi-Zarandi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dabaghzadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Departments of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Vaziri
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 68106Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Departments of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 68106Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbaninejad
- Departments of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Zamani
- Vice_chancellery of Health, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Rabi R, Chow R, Paracha S, Hasher L, Gardner S, Anderson ND, Alain C. The Effects of Aging and Time of Day on Inhibitory Control: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:821043. [PMID: 35360220 PMCID: PMC8963784 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.821043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Time of day (TOD) influences on executive functions have been widely reported, with greater efficiency demonstrated at optimal relative to non-optimal TOD according to one’s chronotype (i.e., synchrony effect). Older adults (OAs) show declines in inhibitory control and are more sensitive to the effects of circadian variation on executive functioning. To date, no studies have investigated the effects of TOD and aging on executive functioning using electrophysiological measures. The present study investigated the effects of aging and TOD on the neural correlates of inhibitory processing (N2 and P3) using event-related potentials (ERPs). Go-NoGo and Flanker tasks were administered to 52 OAs of morning chronotype and 51 younger adults (YAs) of afternoon-to-evening chronotype who were randomly assigned to morning or afternoon test sessions, with the optimal TOD for OAs in the morning and for YAs in the afternoon/evening. While behavioral results demonstrated no TOD effects, ERPs indicated synchrony effects. Both YAs and OAs showed greater modulation of Go-NoGo N2 and greater P3 amplitude during the non-optimal than optimal TOD, consistent with the synchrony effect. For the Flanker task, age differences in P3 amplitude were only apparent during the non-optimal TOD. These results suggest that processes associated with inhibitory control are differentially affected by TOD and aging, with age-related reductions in inhibitory efficiency during off-peak test times on measures of interference control. These findings highlight the sensitivity of ERPs to detect TOD effects in the absence of behavioral differences, confirm more pronounced TOD effects in OAs relative to YAs on ERP measures of interference control, and reinforce the need to assess and control for circadian typology in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Rabi
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ricky Chow
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shahier Paracha
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lynn Hasher
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Gardner
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole D. Anderson
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Claude Alain,
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Mental Health among Higher Education Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey from Lithuania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312737. [PMID: 34886462 PMCID: PMC8657419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mental health issues—anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation and behavior—are prevalent among students of higher education. The COVID-19 pandemic further affected students’ daily life through academic and socioeconomic disturbances. We set out to investigate students’ mental health amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and conducted a cross-sectional online survey at higher education institutions in Lithuania in 2021. The questionnaire consisted of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-3) questionnaires, evaluation of suicidal risk, experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and self-rated health status (SRHS). Among 1001 students who completed the survey, the prevalence of clinically relevant anxiety was high (46.6%) and contrasted with the lower prevalence of depression (11.1%). 37.5% of all students admitted that they had thought about suicide at least once during their lifetime and a similar number of students thought about suicide during the previous year. High levels of anxiety and depression were statistically significant predictors of suicidal ideation and planning during the past year in binary regression models. High SRHS (higher score refers to more positive health status) was the only significant independent variable associated with less frequent suicidal attempts in the past year (p < 0.01, OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.66). Our study highlights anxiety and suicidality to be burdensome mental health issues among higher education students in Lithuania during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Ansert E, Rushing CJ. Feeling the Burnout: Perceptions of Burnout, Anxiety, Depression, and Personal Achievement in US Podiatric Medical Students. J Foot Ankle Surg 2021; 60:747-752. [PMID: 33781641 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Medical student burnout is a significant problem, which has led to the introduction of institutional intervention initiatives to combat the phenomenon. However, the incidence of burnout among podiatric medical students has not been previously assessed. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the perceptions of burnout, anxiety, depression, and personal achievement among podiatric medical students. A 50-question anonymous survey containing the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was distributed to all students of eight US podiatric medical schools. Demographic and personal information regarding the student's free time, study time, family support, class or exam failures, loan debt, and previous work experience were recorded. Four hundred and eighty students completed the survey, and 479 responses were eligible for inclusion (response rate of 22.2%). Overall, 65.1% reported moderate or high self-perceived rates of burnout, a rate comparable to allopathic and osteopathic medical students. Respondents also reported high levels of emotional exhaustion and anxiety, but low levels of personal achievement. A predisposition for burnout was identified for third-year students between the ages of 26 to 35 years with borderline or abnormal levels of reported anxiety. The present study contributes to the growing body of literature regarding burnout with respect to the podiatric profession. Despite inherent limitations, the findings suggest institutional interventions for the promotion and development of protective factors may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ansert
- Primary Resident, PGY-2, St. Vincent Hospital Podiatric Residency Program, Worcester, MA.
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12
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Lara LF, Wastvedt S, Hodges JS, Witkowski P, Wijkstrom M, Walsh RM, Singh VK, Schwarzenberg SJ, Pruett TL, Posselt A, Naziruddin B, Nathan JD, Morgan KA, Mitchell R, Kirchner VA, Mokshagundam SL, Hatipoglu B, Gardner TB, Freeman ML, Chinnakotla S, Beilman GJ, Abu-El-Haija M, Conwell DL, Bellin MD. The Association of Smoking and Alcohol Abuse on Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Recurrent Acute or Chronic Pancreatitis Undergoing Total Pancreatectomy and Islet Autotransplantation: A Report From the Prospective Observational Study of TPIAT Cohort. Pancreas 2021; 50:852-858. [PMID: 34347725 PMCID: PMC8373657 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking and alcohol use are risk factors for acute and chronic pancreatitis, and their role on anxiety, depression, and opioid use in patients who undergo total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is unknown. METHODS We included adults enrolled in the Prospective Observational Study of TPIAT (POST). Measured variables included smoking (never, former, current) and alcohol abuse or dependency history (yes vs no). Using univariable and multivariable analyses, we investigated the association of smoking and alcohol dependency history with anxiety and depression, opioid use, and postsurgical outcomes. RESULTS Of 195 adults studied, 25 were current smokers and 77 former smokers, whereas 18 had a history of alcohol dependency (of whom 10 were current smokers). A diagnosis of anxiety was associated with current smoking (P = 0.005), and depression was associated with history of alcohol abuse/dependency (P = 0.0001). However, active symptoms of anxiety and depression at the time of TPIAT were not associated with smoking or alcohol status. Opioid use in the past 14 days was associated with being a former smoker (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Active smoking and alcohol abuse history were associated with a diagnosis of anxiety and depression, respectively; however, at the time of TPIAT, symptom scores suggested that they were being addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. Lara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Solvejg Wastvedt
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
| | - James S. Hodges
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Martin Wijkstrom
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Vikesh K. Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Timothy L. Pruett
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Andrew Posselt
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Department of Surgery, Islet Cell Processing Laboratory, Baylor Health, Dallas, TX
| | - Jaimie D. Nathan
- Division of Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Katherine A. Morgan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI and Laparoscopic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rebecca Mitchell
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
| | - Varvara A. Kirchner
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Betul Hatipoglu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH
| | - Timothy B. Gardner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Martin L. Freeman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Srinath Chinnakotla
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gregory J. Beilman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
| | - Darwin L. Conwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Melena D. Bellin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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Lee SJ, Park CS, Kim BJ, Lee CS, Cha B, Lee YJ, Kim SJ, Hahm JR, Seo JH, Lee D, Seo J, Choi JW. Psychological Development during Medical School Clerkship: Relationship to Resilience. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2020; 44:418-422. [PMID: 32048174 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors investigated changes in medical students' defenses during clerkship and examined the effects of these changes on students' resilience. METHODS Between 2012 and 2014, all year-2 preclinical students (N = 249) at Gyeongsang National University Medical School were asked to participate. Those who agreed to participate (N = 237) completed the Korean version of the Defense Style Questionnaire (K-DSQ) and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale-10 (CD-RISC-10). After clerkship, students who proceeded to year 4 in 2 years (n = 187 (93 females), aged 24-38 years (mean, 28.9 ± 2.8 years)) completed the K-DSQ, CD-RISC-10, and the Korean version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (K-HADS) in September 2014, 2015, and 2016. RESULTS The use of adaptive (W = 11,603.5, p < 0.001, r = 0.39) and self-inhibiting (W = 10,901.5, p < 0.001, r = 0.32) styles increased significantly after clerkship. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that changes in adaptive defense styles (B = 1.336, SE = 0.386, β = 0.218, p = 0.001) during clerkship were significantly related to resilience after adjusting for age, sex, depression, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Both positive personality development and maladaptive changes in defenses were evident. An increase in the adaptive defense style score was related to resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Jin Lee
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Park
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Soon Lee
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog-Ju Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ryeal Hahm
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Seo
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Lee
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Seo
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Choi
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Thiemann P, Brimicombe J, Benson J, Quince T. When investigating depression and anxiety in undergraduate medical students timing of assessment is an important factor - a multicentre cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:125. [PMID: 32326926 PMCID: PMC7181528 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of depression and anxiety experienced by undergraduate medical students have become a prominent concern. Evidence about students' depression and anxiety including prevalence, trajectory during medical education, gender differences and comparisons with age-matched peers is conflicting. However few studies of medical students' mental health specify the precise time of assessment. Proximity to examinations may be relevant. Precise identification of the time of data collection might help explain contradictory findings and facilitate provision of more timely support. METHODS This study addressed whether: 1)Proximity of final examinations affected students' depression and anxiety symptoms2)Males and females differed in this respect. We analysed data provided by 446 final year students from 6 UK medical schools. These students were a subset of data provided by 14 UK medical schools which participated in an online survey comparing first and final year students and in which final year response rates exceeded 30%. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety and the norms to indicate potentially clinically relevant cases. We grouped students into those for whom final exams were imminent i.e. within 2 months of completing the survey (n = 164) and those for whom exams were more distant or had been taken (n = 282). We used parametric and non-parametric tests to compare both groups and gender differences in respect of depression and anxiety sum scores and cases rates. RESULTS For both depression and anxiety male and female students facing imminent final exams recorded greater prevalence and significantly higher mean scores. The effect size of differences for anxiety were large. No substantial gender differences were found for depression. Regardless of the timing of final exams female students recorded both significantly higher mean scores and clinically relevant rates for anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Proximity to final exams negatively affected the mental health of both male and female final year students. The study suggests that there may be times in the undergraduate medical curriculum when additional or targeted support is needed. It also highlights the need for research to provide a greater specificity of context when investigating medical students' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Thiemann
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Brimicombe
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Benson
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thelma Quince
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Keszler G, Molnár Z, Rónai Z, Sasvári-Székely M, Székely A, Kótyuk E. Association between anxiety and non-coding genetic variants of the galanin neuropeptide. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226228. [PMID: 31881033 PMCID: PMC6934320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galanin, an inhibitory neuropeptide and cotransmitter has long been known to co-localize with noradrenaline and serotonin in the central nervous system. Several human studies demonstrated altered galanin expression levels in major depressive disorder and anxiety. Pharmacological modulation of galanin signaling and transgenic strategies provide further proof for the involvement of the galanin system in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Little is known, however, on the dynamic regulation of galanin expression at the transcriptional level. The aim of the present study was to seek genetic association of non-coding single nucleotide variations in the galanin gene with anxiety and depression. Methods Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) occurring either in the regulatory 5’ or 3’ flanking regions or within intronic sequences of the galanin gene have been genotyped with a high-throughput TaqMan OpenArray qPCR system in 526 healthy students (40% males). Depression and anxiety scores were obtained by filling in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA and Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple testing. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis was used to map two haploblocks in the analyzed region. Results and conclusions A single-locus and a haplotype genetic association proved to be statistically significant. In single-marker analysis, the T allele of the rs1042577 SNP within the 3’ untranslated region of the galanin gene associated with greater levels of anxiety (HADS scores were 7.05±4.0 vs 6.15±.15; p = 0.000407). Haplotype analysis revealed an association of the rs948854 C_rs4432027_C allele combination with anxiety [F(1,1046) = 4.140, p = 0.042141, η2 = 0.004, power = 0.529]. Neither of these associations turned out to be gender-specific. These promoter polymorphisms are supposed to participate in epigenetic regulation of galanin expression by creating potentially methylatable CpG dinucleotides. The functional importance of the rs1042577_T allele remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Keszler
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Molnár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Rónai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Sasvári-Székely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Székely
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Adaptation Research Group, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kótyuk
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Adaptation Research Group, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Trinca F, Infante P, Dinis R, Inácio M, Bravo E, Caravana J, Reis T, Marques S. Depression and quality of life in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies. Ecancermedicalscience 2019; 13:937. [PMID: 31552110 PMCID: PMC6727885 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2019.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is one of the major psychiatric morbidities in cancer patients. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of depressive symptoms in the quality of life (QoL) of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies treatments. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study conducted between April and November 2016. To evaluate the QoL, the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaire were used. The patients were screened for depressive symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) and those with a positive HADS-D positive questionnaire were referenced to the Psychiatry and Mental Health Department for further assessment and follow-up. Results We included 45 female patients. Sixteen (35.6%) patients had a positive HADS-D questionnaire and depressive symptoms confirmed by a psychiatric physician. Of those patients, 7 (15.6%) had a major depressive episode confirmed by psychiatric interview. There was a significant association of depressive symptoms with the future perspectives scale (p = 0.022), breast symptoms scale (p = 0.011) and arm symptom scale (p = 0.005). Significant differences were found in the fatigue (p = 0.024), pain (p = 0.037) and dyspnea (p = 0.009) subscales being worse in patients with depressive symptoms. The association between having depressive symptoms or not was shown to be significant or marginally significant for the variables stage of the tumour (p = 0.057), presence of distant metastasis (p = 0.072) and previous diagnosis of depression (p = 0.011). The patients treated with regimens containing monoclonal antibodies presented better outcomes in various subscales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-B23 questionnaires than those patients treated with chemotherapy regimens without monoclonal antibodies. Conclusions Despite the small sample of our study, this study provided evidence that depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies treatments detrimentally reduced various aspects of QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Trinca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora EPE, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Paulo Infante
- Department of Mathematics/ECT and Center for Research in Mathematics and Applications/IIFA, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Rui Dinis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora EPE, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Mariana Inácio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora EPE, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Emílio Bravo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora EPE, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Jorge Caravana
- Department of Surgery, Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora EPE, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Teresa Reis
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora EPE, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Sofia Marques
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora EPE, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
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Tomazoni EI, Benvegnú DM. SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION, AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2018; 55:148-153. [PMID: 30043864 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201800000-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease. It is classified as an inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's disease can change patient quality of life, especially during flares. Crohn's disease has been associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, because the clinical symptoms have a high impact on quality of life. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in Brazilian patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease, as well as their quality of life. METHODS A total of 110 Brazilian patients aged 21-59 years, both genders, with Crohn's disease were included. The data were collected through questionnaires. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression symptoms. Quality of life was evaluated using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Duncan post-hoc test and the multiple linear regression test. RESULTS Of the total, 61.7% of participants reported symptoms of anxiety or depression or both. Regarding quality of life, the majority (43.6%) were classified as "regular" and the minority (3.6%) as "excellent". Multiple linear regression showed that worse quality of life correlated with greater presence of anxiety and depression symptoms (<0.001). CONCLUSION Crohn's disease has considerable impact on quality of life and contributes to the appearance of anxiety and/or depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalila Moter Benvegnú
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Bioquímica da Nutrição. Campus Realeza, Realeza, PR, Brasil
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Cyr AA, Anderson ND. Learning from your mistakes: does it matter if you're out in left foot, I mean field? Memory 2018; 26:1281-1290. [PMID: 29659332 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1464189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that generating errors prior to studying information (pencil-?) can improve target retention relative to passive (i.e., errorless) study, provided that cues and targets are semantically related (pencil-ink) and not unrelated (pencil-frog). In two experiments, we manipulated semantic proximity of errors to targets during trial-and-error to examine whether it would modulate this error generation benefit. In Experiment 1, participants were shown a cue (band-?) and asked to generate a related word (e.g., drum). Critically, they were given a target that either matched the semantic meaning of their guess (guitar) or mismatched it (rubber). In Experiment 2, participants studied Spanish words where the English translation either matched their expectations (pariente-relative) or mismatched it (carpeta-folder). Both experiments show that errors benefit memory to the extent that they overlap semantically with targets. Results are discussed in terms of the retrieval benefits of activating related concepts during learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Ann Cyr
- a Department of Psychology , York University , Toronto , Canada
| | - Nicole D Anderson
- b Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences and Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Nematolahi P, Mehrabani M, Karami-Mohajeri S, Dabaghzadeh F. Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on memory performance, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in university students: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 30:24-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Nabbe P, Le Reste JY, Guillou-Landreat M, Beck-Robert E, Assenova R, Lazic D, Czachowski S, Stojanović-Špehar S, Hasanagic M, Lingner H, Clavería A, Fernandez San Martin MI, Sowinska A, Argyriadou S, Lygidakis C, Le Floch B, Doerr C, Montier T, Van Marwijk H, Van Royen P. One consensual depression diagnosis tool to serve many countries: a challenge! A RAND/UCLA methodology. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:4. [PMID: 29298721 PMCID: PMC5751826 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE From a systematic literature review (SLR), it became clear that a consensually validated tool was needed by European General Practitioner (GP) researchers in order to allow multi-centred collaborative research, in daily practice, throughout Europe. Which diagnostic tool for depression, validated against psychiatric examination according to the DSM, would GPs select as the best for use in clinical research, taking into account the combination of effectiveness, reliability and ergonomics? A RAND/UCLA, which combines the qualities of the Delphi process and of the nominal group, was used. GP researchers from different European countries were selected. The SLR extracted tools were validated against the DSM. The Youden index was used as an effectiveness criterion and Cronbach's alpha as a reliability criterion. Ergonomics data were extracted from the literature. Ergonomics were tested face-to-face. RESULTS The SLR extracted 7 tools. Two instruments were considered sufficiently effective and reliable for use: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). After testing face-to-face, HSCL-25 was selected. A multicultural consensus on one diagnostic tool for depression was obtained for the HSCL-25. This tool will provide the opportunity to select homogeneous populations for European collaborative research in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nabbe
- EA 7479 SPURBO, Department of General Practice, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.
| | - J Y Le Reste
- EA 7479 SPURBO, Department of General Practice, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - M Guillou-Landreat
- EA 7479 SPURBO, Department of Addictology, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - E Beck-Robert
- EA 7479 SPURBO, Department of General Practice, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - R Assenova
- Department of General Practice, Medical University of Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - D Lazic
- Department of Family Medicine "Andrija Stampar", School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Czachowski
- Department of Family Doctor, University Nicolaus Copernicus, Torun, Poland
| | - S Stojanović-Špehar
- Department of Family Medicine "Andrija Štampar" School of Public Health, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Hasanagic
- Department of General Practice, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - H Lingner
- Allgemein Medizin Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Clavería
- Galician Health Services, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - A Sowinska
- Department of English, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - S Argyriadou
- The Greek Association of General Practitioners (ELEGEIA), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Lygidakis
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - B Le Floch
- EA 7479 SPURBO, Department of General Practice, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - C Doerr
- Allgemein Medizin Hochschule Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Montier
- Unite INSERM 1078, SFR 148 ScInBioS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29238, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - H Van Marwijk
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - P Van Royen
- Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
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Hysteresis, social congestion and debt: towards a sociology of mental health disorders in undergraduates. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1057/s41285-017-0057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pinto J, Martins M. Psychological intervention needs: validation of a survey with Portuguese university students. REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIÓN EN PSICOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN 2017. [DOI: 10.17979/reipe.2017.4.2.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents and discusses the psychometric characteristics of the Portuguese version of The Survey of Student Needs (SSN), a self-report questionnaire that assesses psychological intervention needs. A total of 659 university students participated, 76.5% women, with a mean age of 21.96 years. The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) report a factorial solution of three factors explaining 38.49% of the variance. Considering the internal consistency of this factorial structure, Cronbach’s alpha values of .88 were found in factor 1, .81 in factor 2, and .84 in factor 3. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) suggest that the factorial solution proposed by the EFA presents better fit indices to the empirical data when compared to three alternative models (X2/df=3.096, CFI=.842, GFI=.851, RMSEA=.056, P[rmsea≤.05]<.000). In conclusion, this study indicates that the SSN is a valid and reliable instrument applicable to the research and intervention contexts of this field.
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Lee SJ, Park CS, Kim BJ, Lee CS, Cha B, Lee YJ, Soh M, Park JA, Young PS, Song EH. Association between morningness and resilience in Korean college students. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:1391-1399. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1220387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- So-Jin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Soon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Soh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ah Park
- Jinju Community Addiction Management Center, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Park So Young
- Jinju Community Addiction Management Center, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Song
- Jinju Community Addiction Management Center, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Messmer Uccelli M, Traversa S, Ponzio M. A survey study comparing young adults with MS and healthy controls on self-esteem, self-efficacy, mood and quality of life. J Neurol Sci 2016; 368:369-73. [PMID: 27538666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) report low levels of self-efficacy and self-esteem, high levels of anxiety and depression and reduced quality of life. The study aims to assess self-esteem, self-efficacy, mood and quality of life in young adults with MS and to compare them to a healthy control group. METHODS The age range for inclusion in the study was between 18 and 35years of age for both groups. Subjects with MS were recruited through the Italian MS Society. Healthy controls were recruited through social media and from a university undergraduate program. Subjects completed an anonymous online questionnaire combining various scales. Group differences on demographic data were assessed using parametric and non-parametric tests. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to evaluate differences between the two groups on scales of self-perception, mood and quality of life, adjusting for potentially confounding factors. RESULTS Eighty-nine subjects with MS and 109 HC were included in the analysis. ANCOVA failed to demonstrate statistically significant differences between groups on self-esteem (F=0.11, p=0.743), self-efficacy (F=2.22, p=0.138), mood (anxiety F=0.03, p=0.855; depression F=0.06, p=0.812) and quality of life (F=0.08, p=0.772). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that young adults with MS and healthy controls have similar levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy and that they do not differ significantly on measures of mood and quality of life, as previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Traversa
- Italian Multiple Sclerosis Society & Research Foundation, Via Operai 40, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Michela Ponzio
- Italian Multiple Sclerosis Society & Research Foundation, Via Operai 40, Genoa, Italy.
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Almahmoud SY, Coifman KG, Ross GS, Kleinert D, Giardina P. Evidence for multidimensional resilience in adult patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemias: Is it more common than we think? Transfus Med 2016; 26:186-94. [PMID: 27018402 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life expectancy of patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemias has increased with the development of improved treatment over the last few decades. However, β-thalassemia disorder still has considerable lifetime treatment demands and heightened risk of frequent complications due to transfusion-transmitted infections and iron overload, which may affect thalassemic patients' functioning in different domains. OBJECTIVES The vast majority of published studies on thalassemic patients have focused on children and adolescent functioning, and little research has examined adults. Hence, the current study was planned to examine the functioning and resilience of adult thalassemic patients in a comprehensive way. METHODS We examined multidimensional resilience and functioning across different domains (psychological adjustment, treatment adherence, social functioning and occupational functioning). We also examined demographic and medical variables that may relate to resilience and functioning. Participants were adult patients [n = 38; age M = 31·63, standard deviation (SD) = 7·72; 72% female] with transfusion-dependent thalassemia in treatment in a hospital in the northeastern United States. RESULTS The results suggest that most adult thalassemic patients tend to be resilient, demonstrating good functioning in four main domains: psychological adjustment, treatment adherence, social functioning and occupational functioning. CONCLUSION Despite the considerable demands of their illness, adult thalassemic patients appeared to be adapting well, demonstrating evidence of multidimensional resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Almahmoud
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - K G Coifman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - G S Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill/Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - D Kleinert
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill/Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - P Giardina
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill/Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Ridout N, Matharu M, Sanders E, Wallis DJ. The influence of eating psychopathology on autobiographical memory specificity and social problem-solving. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:295-303. [PMID: 26144580 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim was to examine the influence of subclinical disordered eating on autobiographical memory specificity (AMS) and social problem solving (SPS). A further aim was to establish if AMS mediated the relationship between eating psychopathology and SPS. A non-clinical sample of 52 females completed the autobiographical memory test (AMT), where they were asked to retrieve specific memories of events from their past in response to cue words, and the means-end problem-solving task (MEPS), where they were asked to generate means of solving a series of social problems. Participants also completed the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. After controlling for mood, high scores on the EDI subscales, particularly Drive-for-Thinness, were associated with the retrieval of fewer specific and a greater proportion of categorical memories on the AMT and with the generation of fewer and less effective means on the MEPS. Memory specificity fully mediated the relationship between eating psychopathology and SPS. These findings have implications for individuals exhibiting high levels of disordered eating, as poor AMS and SPS are likely to impact negatively on their psychological wellbeing and everyday social functioning and could represent a risk factor for the development of clinically significant eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ridout
- Department of Psychology, School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Munveen Matharu
- Department of Psychology, School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Sanders
- Department of Psychology, School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deborah J Wallis
- Loughborough University Centre for Research into Eating Disorders, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Brook JS, Lee JY, Balka EB, Finch SJ, Brook DW. Utilization of mental health services by minority urban adults: psychosocial predictors. J Urban Health 2014; 91:720-35. [PMID: 24865801 PMCID: PMC4134453 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-014-9878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although most mental disorders have their first onset by young adulthood, there are few longitudinal studies of these problems and related help-seeking behavior. The present study examined some early and current predictors of the use of mental health services among African-American and Puerto Rican participants in their mid-30s. The 674 participants (52.8 % African Americans, 47.2 % Puerto Ricans; 60.1 % women) in this study were first seen in 1990 when the participants attended schools serving the East Harlem area of New York City. A structural equation model controlling for the participants' gender, educational level in emerging adulthood, and age at the most recent data collection showed significant standardized pathways from both ethnicity (β = -0.28; z = -4.82; p < 0.001) and psychological symptoms (β = 0.15; z = 2.41; p < 0.05), both measured in emerging adulthood, to smoking in the early 30s. That, in turn, was associated with certain physical diseases and symptoms (i.e., respiratory) in the mid-30s (β = 0.16; z = 2.59; p < 0.05). These physical diseases and symptoms had a cross-sectional association with family financial difficulty in the mid-30s (β = 0.21; z = 4.53; p < 0.001), which in turn also had a cross-sectional association with psychiatric disorders (β = 0.30; z = 5.30; p < 0.001). Psychiatric disorders had a cross-sectional association with mental health services utilization (β = 0.65; z = 13.25; p < 0.001). Additional pathways from the other domains to mental health services utilization in the mid-30s were also supported by the mediating role of psychiatric disorders. Results obtained from this research offer theoretical and practical information regarding the processes leading to the use of mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Brook
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Ave., 15th Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA,
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Leucocyte telomere shortening in relation to newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with depression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:673959. [PMID: 24868316 PMCID: PMC4020220 DOI: 10.1155/2014/673959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the association between oxidative stress and telomere length shortening in the comorbid depression and diabetes. Therefore, 71 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 52 subjects with normal glycemic level (control, Ctrl) were enrolled. Depressive status was identified with the Depression Subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Leukocyte telomere length ratio (T/S ratio) was determined with quantitative PCR. Oxidative stress status was evaluated with 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) assay kit. Some other biochemical blood testing was also performed. The data showed that T2D patients had higher proportion of depression evaluated by the HADS-D (x(2) = 4.196, P = 0.041). T/S ratio was significantly negatively correlated with 8-OHdG, HADS-D, age, HbA1c, FPG, and HOMA-IR. In addition, HADS-D was significantly positively correlated with HbA1c, FPG, HOMA-IR, and 8-OHdG. Both HADS-D and 8-OHdG were the major independent predictors for T/S ratio. This study indicates that oxidative stress contributes to both telomere length shortening and depression development in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, while in depression status, some other mechanisms besides oxidative stress may also affect the telomere length.
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Chatterjee S, Saha I, Mukhopadhyay S, Misra R, Chakraborty A, Bhattacharya A. Depression among nursing students in an Indian government college. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 23:316-20. [PMID: 24690927 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2014.23.6.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supantha Chatterjee
- Assistant Secretary of Medical Education, Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Saha
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, IQ City Medical College and Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujishnu Mukhopadhyay
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine & Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kamarhati, West Bengal, India
| | - Raghunath Misra
- Professor and Head of Department, Department of Community Medicine, IPGMER, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amitava Chakraborty
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Malda Medical College, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Abantika Bhattacharya
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Midnapur Medical College, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
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Walther WA, Abelson S, Malmon A. Active Minds: Creating Peer-to-Peer Mental Health Awareness. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2014.854673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lowe PA. Validation of the Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale–College Version Scores in a Sample of U.S. College Students. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0829573513497907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two studies examined the psychometric properties of the Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale–College Version (AMAS-C) scores among U.S. college students. In Study 1, 300 college students were administered the AMAS-C. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) indicated that the five-factor model (four anxiety factors and one lie factor) with a higher order factor provided the best fit to the data. In Study 2, 177 college students were administered the AMAS-C and external measures and correlational analyses indicated support for the convergent and discriminant validity of the AMAS-C scores. Implications of the findings of the studies for mental health professionals who work with college students are discussed.
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Quince TA, Wood DF, Parker RA, Benson J. Prevalence and persistence of depression among undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study at one UK medical school. BMJ Open 2012; 2:e001519. [PMID: 22893670 PMCID: PMC3425899 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of depression among male and female medical students, its change over time and whether depression persists for affected students. DESIGN Longitudinal study comprising annual questionnaire surveys which included the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). PARTICIPANTS Between 2007 and 2010 all 1112 students entering the Core Science component (Year 1) and all 542 students entering the Clinical component (Year 4) of the Cambridge (UK) medical course were followed-up annually. METHODS We analysed, separately for men and women, mean HADS-D scores, the proportions whose scores indicated depression at different time-points and for students maintaining participation, the number of occasions on which their HADS-D scores indicated depression. RESULTS 725 Core Science and 364 Clinical students participated. Mean HADS-D scores ranged between 3.34 and 3.49 among all Core Science students and between 2.16 and 2.91 among all Clinical students. There was no difference between men and women in median HADS-D scores. Prevalence of depression ranged between 5.7% and 10.6% among all Core Science students and between 2.7% and 8.2% among all Clinical students. Over time Core Science students displayed no increase in mean HADS-D score. Among Clinical students only men displayed a small increase (time coefficient 0.33 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.55)). Prevalence did not increase over time. 220 Core Science and 150 Clinical students participated throughout the study. Of these, 18.2% and 10.6%, respectively, recorded HADS-D scores indicating depression on at least one occasion. Of 56 students recording depression at some point, 37 did so only once. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of depression among participants was similar to that reported for comparable groups. Among men approaching the end of clinical studies depression scores increased. In all years a minority of students displayed depression; for some this persisted. Mechanisms are needed to identify and support students suffering from depression, particularly when persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma A Quince
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana F Wood
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard A Parker
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Benson
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
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Falavigna A, Righesso O, Teles AR, Baseggio N, Velho MC, Ruschel LG, Abruzzi F, Silva PGD. Depression Subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale applied preoperatively in spinal surgery. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2012; 70:352-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2012000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of the Depression Subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) in spine surgery, comparing it to Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, the HADS-D and the BDI were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar (n=139) or cervical spondylosis (n=17). Spearman correlation tests for HADS-D and BDI were applied. The internal consistency of HADS-D was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: According to the BDI, the prevalence of depression was of 28.8% (n=45). The Spearman r coefficient between HADS-D and BDI was 0.714 (p<0.001). Cronbach's alpha for HADS-D was 0.795. The area of the ROC curve was 0.845. Using a cutoff for HADS-D >10, there was a sensitivity of 71.1%, specificity of 95.4%, and positive likelihood-ratio of 15.78. CONCLUSIONS: HADS-D showed a strong correlation with BDI and good reliability. HADS-D is a good alternative for screening depression and assessing its severity.
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Self-reported depression and anxiety after prenatal famine exposure: mediation by cardio-metabolic pathology? J Dev Orig Health Dis 2011; 2:136-43. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174411000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zivin K, Eisenberg D, Gollust SE, Golberstein E. Persistence of mental health problems and needs in a college student population. J Affect Disord 2009; 117:180-5. [PMID: 19178949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies indicate a high prevalence of mental health problems among college students, but there are fewer longitudinal data on these problems and related help-seeking behavior. METHODS We conducted a baseline web-based survey of students attending a large public university in fall 2005 and a two-year follow-up survey in fall 2007. We used brief screening instruments to measure symptoms of mental disorders (anxiety, depression, eating disorders), as well as self-injury and suicidal ideation. We estimated the persistence of these mental health problems between the two time points, and determined to what extent students with mental health problems perceived a need for or used mental health services (medication or therapy). We conducted logistic regression analyses examining how baseline predictors were associated with mental health and help-seeking two years later. RESULTS Over half of students suffered from at least one mental health problem at baseline or follow-up. Among students with at least one mental health problem at baseline, 60% had at least one mental health problem two years later. Among students with a mental health problem at both time points, fewer than half received treatment between those time points. LIMITATIONS Mental health problems are based on self-report to brief screens, and the sample is from a single university. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that mental disorders are prevalent and persistent in a student population. While the majority of students with probable disorders are aware of the need for treatment, most of these students do not receive treatment, even over a two-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Zivin
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center of Excellence, Serious Mental Illness Treatment Research and Evaluation Center (SMITREC), Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Symptom distress in advanced cancer patients with anxiety and depression in the palliative care setting. Support Care Cancer 2008; 17:573-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-008-0529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Elzinga BM, Roelofs K, Tollenaar MS, Bakvis P, van Pelt J, Spinhoven P. Diminished cortisol responses to psychosocial stress associated with lifetime adverse events a study among healthy young subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008; 33:227-37. [PMID: 18096322 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and human studies have found that prior stressful events can result in an altered reactivity in the HPA axis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of adverse events in childhood on cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress in young healthy subjects (n=80). METHODS Salivary cortisol levels were measured before, during and after exposure to a psychosocial stress task in healthy men and women with high (n=33) and low (n=47) exposure to adverse childhood events. RESULTS A significant blunted cortisol response was found in individuals with a history of adverse events compared to individuals with no adverse life events, with no differences in baseline cortisol levels. This finding appeared to be primarily driven by men. The groups did not differ on any other physiological or subjective stress measure, including heart rate, blood pressure, and subjective tension. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, at least in healthy young males, adverse childhood events are associated with changes in HPA-axis functioning. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether the blunted cortisol response is a risk factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders or rather reflects resiliency with regard to the development of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernet M Elzinga
- Department of Clinical, Health and NeuroPsychology, University of Leiden, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Chau N, Baumann M, Falissard B, Choquet M. Social inequalities and correlates of psychotropic drug use among young adults: a population-based questionnaire study. Int J Equity Health 2008; 7:3. [PMID: 18205942 PMCID: PMC2262083 DOI: 10.1186/1475-9276-7-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Use of psychotropic drugs is widespread in Europe, and is markedly more common in France than elsewhere. Young adults often fare less well than adolescents on health indicators (injury, homicide, and substance use). This population-based study assessed disparities in psychotropic drug use among people aged 18–29 from different socio-occupational groups and determined whether they were mediated by educational level, health status, income, health-related behaviours, family support, personality traits, or disability. Methods A total of 1,257 people aged 18–29, randomly selected in north-eastern France completed a post-mailed questionnaire covering sex, date of birth, height, weight, educational level, occupation, smoking habit, alcohol abuse, income, health-status, diseases, reported disabilities, self-reported personality traits, family support, and frequent psychotropic medication for tiredness, nervousness/anxiety or insomnia. The data were analyzed using the adjusted odds ratios (ORa) computed with logistic models. Results Use of psychotropic drugs was common (33.2%). Compared with upper/intermediate professionals, markedly high odds ratios adjusted for sex were found for manual workers (2.57, 95% CI 1.02–6.44), employees (2.58, 1.11–5.98), farmers/craftsmen/tradesmen (4.97, 1.13–21.8), students (2.40, 1.06–5.40), and housewives (3.82, 1.39–10.5). Adjusting for all the confounders considered reduced the estimates to a pronounced degree for manual workers (adjusted OR 1.49, non-significant) but only slightly for the other socio-occupational groups. The odds ratio for unemployed people did not reach statistical significance. The significant confounders were: sex, not-good health status, musculoskeletal disorders and other diseases, being worried, nervous or sad, and lack of family support (adjusted odds ratios between 1.60 and 2.50). Conclusion There were marked disparities among young adults from different socio-occupational groups. Sex, health status, musculoskeletal diseases, family support, and personality traits were related to use of psychotropic drugs. These factors mediated the higher risk strongly among manual workers and slightly among the other groups.
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