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Huang Y, Liu J, Huang G, Zhu D, Zhou Y, Hu J. Understanding suicidal ideation disparity between sexual minority and heterosexual Chinese young men: a multiple mediation model of social support sources, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1265722. [PMID: 38559394 PMCID: PMC10978729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1265722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although sexual minorities have reported higher levels of suicidal ideation than heterosexuals across cultures, the role of various psychosocial factors underlying this disparity among young men has been understudied, particularly in China. This study examined the multiple mediating effects of psychosocial factors between sexual orientation and suicidal ideation in Chinese sexual minority and heterosexual young men. Methods 302 Chinese cisgender men who identified as gay or bisexual, and 250 cisgender heterosexual men (n=552, aged 18-39 years) completed an online questionnaire measuring perceived social support, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Results Young sexual minority men reported significantly higher suicidal ideation and lower social support than their heterosexual peers. Structural equation modelling revealed two multiple indirect pathways. One pathway indicated that sexual orientation was indirectly related to suicidal ideation via family support and depressive symptoms. Another pathway indicated that sexual orientation was indirectly related to suicidal ideation via support from friends, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Conclusions This study is among the first to examine the potentially cascading relationships between sexual orientation and psychosocial factors with suicidal ideation in a Chinese sample of young men. The findings highlight several promising psychosocial targets (i.e., improving family/friend support and increasing self-esteem) for suicide interventions among sexual minority males in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Huang
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Graduate School of Arts & Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dejia Zhu
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingchu Hu
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Ludwig J, Barbek R, von dem Knesebeck O. Education and suicidal ideation in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:509-524. [PMID: 38199415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) is crucial for preventing suicides. Given Europe's high suicide rates and the complex nature of SI, it is essential to also examine social determinants like education as potential risk factors for SI in this region. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the association between formal/vocational education and SI in Europe. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX) were searched until November 2022. Included studies involved European populations examining associations between education and SI. Pooled Odds Ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed with the heterogeneity variance τ2 and I2 statistic; subgroup analyses were performed based on study characteristics. Risk of bias was assessed using an adaption of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS From 20,564 initial studies, 41 were included in the meta-analysis (outlier-adjusted, 96,809 study participants). A negative, insignificant association (OR = 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.75; 1.00) was observed between education and SI, with significant heterogeneity (τ2 = 0.09, I2 = 73 %). Subgroup analyses indicated that population type, age group, categorization of education, timeframe of SI assessment, and study quality significantly moderated the effect size. LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity across studies limits generalizability. The cross-sectional design precludes establishing causal relationships, and social desirability bias may have underestimated the association between education and SI. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests a trend towards a protective effect of education on the emergence of SI in Europe. Future research, preferably with longitudinal study design examining various covariates, should systematically consider educational inequalities in SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ludwig
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rieke Barbek
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Olaf von dem Knesebeck
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Schäfer L, Roicke H, Bergner CC, Köhler W. Self-reported quality of life in symptomatic and asymptomatic women with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2878. [PMID: 36748403 PMCID: PMC10013936 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 80% of women with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) develop symptoms of myelopathy and peripheral neuropathy during their lifetime. The study's objective was to compare symptomatic versus asymptomatic women with X-ALD regarding their physical and mental well-being and quality of life. METHODS Data were obtained from a prospective, international, cross-sectional cohort study of women with X-ALD recruited both clinically and population based. Symptoms, quality of life, and physical and mental co-morbidities were assessed by questionnaires. Women were considered symptomatic if they reported any sign of myelopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Group differences between symptomatic versus asymptomatic women and between age groups were examined using χ2 tests for categorical and independent sample t tests or analysis of variance for continuous variables. RESULTS Complete data were available from N = 180 women (mean age: 51.2 ± 13.6 years, range: 18-85), of whom 71.7% were classified as symptomatic, with prevalence increasing with age. Symptomatic versus asymptomatic women reported poorer physical and mental health, with 26.4% meeting the criteria for a clinical depression, 73.6% reporting chronic pain, 80.6% sleeping disturbances, 38.2% sexual dysfunction, and 47.3% restless legs syndrome. Large group differences were found on the physical health, but not on the mental health component of quality of life, where symptomatic women only differed when controlling for having a boy affected by X-ALD (small effect) and treatment frequency (medium effect). CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic women with X-ALD present with physical and psychological co-morbidities significantly reducing individuals' quality of life. The findings emphasize the need to develop new multi-disciplinary treatment options tailored to women's specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schäfer
- Department of Neurology, Leukodystrophy Outpatient Clinic, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannes Roicke
- Department of Neurology, Leukodystrophy Outpatient Clinic, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christa-Caroline Bergner
- Department of Neurology, Leukodystrophy Outpatient Clinic, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Köhler
- Department of Neurology, Leukodystrophy Outpatient Clinic, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Li C, Wei Z, Wang Y, Sun L. Associations between Suicidal Ideation and Relatives' Physical and Mental Health among Community Residents: Differences between Family Members and Lineal Consanguinity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15997. [PMID: 36498070 PMCID: PMC9737015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Despite the verified relationship between relatives’ characteristics and individual suicidal ideation, few studies have discussed the role of family members and lineal consanguinity independently according to whether they live together with the individuals or not. (2) Methods: The data in this study were collected in November 2019 and identified rural adults over 18 years old in Shandong as the survey objects, with a total of 879 valid cases included in this survey. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the risk factors affecting adults’ suicidal ideation and differentiate the effects of a family member and lineal consanguinity’s physical and mental health. Relatives’ physical and mental health were estimated by three aspects: whether they were suffering from chronic diseases, mental illness, or alcoholism. (3) Results: The study showed that a family member’s physical (OR = 2.303, p < 0.01) and mental health (OR = 5.877, p < 0.05) was related to suicidal ideation, but the association between lineal consanguinities’ physical and mental health and suicidal ideation were not supported. People over 40 years old (OR = 6.528, p < 0.05), from only-child families (OR = 4.335, p < 0.01), with household indebtedness (OR = 2.992, p < 0.001), or difficulty falling asleep (OR = 3.165, p < 0.001) had risk factors of suicidal ideation. (4) Conclusions: The physical and mental health of individuals’ family members are related to their suicidal ideation, and their lineal consanguinities’ physical and mental health are not related to suicidal ideation. These findings imply the different associations between family environment, genetic factors, and suicidal ideation. Family members’ health should be considered as a factor to prevent and control suicidal behaviors, including suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- National Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- National Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- National Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Long Sun
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- National Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Nicholas A, Krysinska K, King KE. A rapid review to determine the suicide risk and risk factors of men who are survivors of sexual assault. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114847. [PMID: 36126347 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This rapid review assessed the suicide risk and risk factors of men who are survivors of sexual assault. We searched three academic databases (Cochrane, Medline and PsycINFO) for peer-reviewed articles in English published between 2010 and 2022. We rated the quality of the evidence based on the National Health and Medical Research Council Levels of Evidence. One systematic review and 16 papers featuring primary studies were included relating to suicide rates and risk. Findings suggest men who have been sexually assaulted (as a child or adult) are at increased risk of suicidal thoughts, attempts and behaviours compared with men who have not been sexually assaulted. Factors such as frequency of abuse and other concurrent forms of childhood abuse may further increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviours. This evidence base was rated as good. The strength of this evidence supports a need for targeted suicide prevention in this high risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nicholas
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Karolina Krysinska
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie E King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Emotional Demand and Mental Health in Korean Employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147312. [PMID: 34299763 PMCID: PMC8307821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Emotional demand (ED) at work is related to mental health in the general workforce, not just emotional workers. We investigated the relationships between ED and mental health outcomes, including distress, depressive symptoms (DS), experience of depression (DE), and suicidal ideation (SI) on the entire general workforce using nationally representative data. Methods: 5787 full-time employees were analyzed using cross-sectional design with the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (K-NHANES IV). Work-related psychosocial factors and mental health status were measured through face-to-face interviews. Multi-stage and stratified survey designs were considered in the analysis, and the mental health effects of ED were analyzed using multivariable logistic analysis. The Cochran–Armitage trend test was conducted to investigate increases in the relationship between the severity of ED and mental health outcomes. Results: The subjects comprised 3089 men and 2698 women. ED was reported by 36.7% of men and 39.3% of women. The estimated prevalence of distress was 27.5% in men and 34.6% in women. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of ED for distress were 2.62 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.10–3.28) for men and 2.57 (95% CI = 1.92–3.45) for women. DS was significantly related to ED (men: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.18–2.50; women: OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.33–2.74). ED was also significant psychosocial risk factor for DE (men: OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.07–3.29; women: OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.15–2.75) and SI (men: OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.11–2.41; women: OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.63–3.28). Conclusions: ED was a risk factor for distress, DS, DE, and SI in the general workforce. Legal and social safety networks should be constructed for workers whose emotions may be hidden at work, as well as workers in emotion-related fields.
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Ridge D, Smith H, Fixsen A, Broom A, Oliffe J. How men step back - and recover - from suicide attempts: A relational and gendered account. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2021; 43:238-252. [PMID: 33151571 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Men account for three-quarters of suicide deaths in the UK, yet we know little about how at-risk men construct their experiences of moving towards - and then subsequently stepping back from - suicide, nor the part played by relational factors therein. An inductive thematic analysis was used to examine narrative interviews with eleven UK men who self-reported serious thoughts, plans and up-to and including suicide attempts in progress, but who consciously decided against carrying out an attempt. Their accounts suggest a highly social process of movements towards and away from suicide (e.g. frustrated help-seeking). Stepping back from suicide represents not a discrete issue, but a linked process in suicidality and wider recovery. Here, the use of military metaphors in particular (e.g. waging war, fighting back) highlights the gendered nature of the issue. Additionally, our article illuminates a range of social relations and forces that circulate in and around suicidality, which itself is embedded in varying forms of relationality, normativity and gendered practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Ridge
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Hannah Smith
- School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Alison Fixsen
- School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Alex Broom
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, School of Social and Political Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John Oliffe
- Men's Health Research Program, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Curtis L. Sex saves lives. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 29:e38. [PMID: 33624002 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Curtis
- Curtis Research, 5371 Knollwood Parkway Court #F, Hazelwood, MO 63042, USA
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Suicidal behavior in problematic substance uses in South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:60. [PMID: 32811525 PMCID: PMC7436999 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Suicidal behavior has a significant contribution to the global burden of disease that affects individuals, families and communities at different age groups. Sadly, up to 75% of suicides in the world occur in low-and- middle income countries which have no adequate resource to prevent it. The aim of this study was to assess suicidal behavior and associated factors among community residents with problematic substance use in South Gondar zone, northwest Ethiopia. Methods Community based cross-sectional survey was conducted by using a suicidal behavior revised questionnaire from January 15 to March 15, 2019. A total of 4035 participants were screened for problematic substance use by using multi stage cluster sampling and 846 participants were positive for problematic substance use then asked for suicidal behavior. Multiple logistic regression analyses used to see adjusted odd rations (AOR). Multilevel binary logistic regression was used to account for the hierarchical structure of the two-level data within individual and districts level. Results The prevalence of suicidal behavior over the last 12 months in problematic substance uses was found to be 41.4% with 95% of confidence interval (CI) (38.2–44.9). Perceived stigma, [AOR = 1.605, 95% CI (1.16–2.23)], family history of suicide [AOR = 3.22, 95% CI (1.46–7.10)], physical illness [AOR = 2.45 95% CI (1.157–3.84)], rural resident [AOR = 1.74, 95% CI (1.16–2.62)], depression [AOR = 4.44, 95% CI (3.15–6.27)] and living alone (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI (1.16–2.24) were risks factors for suicidal behavior. Conclusion Suicidal behavior in problematic substance uses found to be high. Health workers should pay attention to decrease suicidal behavior and to control amendable factors.
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de la Vega Sánchez D, Guija JA, Pérez-Moreno P, Kelly SA, Santos M, Oquendo MA, Courtet P, Giner J, Giner L. Association of Religious Activity with Male Suicide Deaths. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:449-460. [PMID: 31724765 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between suicide in men and stratified measures of religiosity. METHODS We studied 192 suicides and 81 controls (nonsuicide, sudden, or accidental death). We employed the psychological autopsy method to compile diagnoses based on DSM-IV criteria. Overall, religiosity and participation in religious associations were determined using a Likert-type scale. Given the limited participation of women in the religious associations of southern Spain, only male subjects were included. RESULTS Religious participants had decreased risk of suicide compared to nonparticipants (OR = 0.148, 95% CI = 0.049-0.447). This lower risk was further associated with the degree of involvement in religious activity. Suicides accounted for 73.47% of subjects with no religious participation, 61.17% of those with some participation, and 56.52% of frequent participants (linear trend test Z = -2.0329, p = .042). Membership in a religious association was also associated with a lower rate of suicide compared to nonmembers (OR = 0.356, 95% CI = 0.172-0.736). This effect was similarly associated with the degree of involvement in the association. Suicides accounted for 74.67% of subjects who never participated in the activities of a religious association, 69.23% of those who sometimes participated, and 42.86% of frequent participants (linear trend test Z = -3.4082, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Religiosity, either as general participation or through a religious association, was associated with protection against suicide proportional to the degree of involvement in religious activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio A Guija
- Instituto de Medicina Legal de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez-Moreno
- Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Experimental, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Samuel A Kelly
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - María Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Legal de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philippe Courtet
- INSERM Unit 1061, CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Fondamental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - José Giner
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lucas Giner
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Selic P, Cerne A, Klemenc-Ketis Z, Petek D, Svab I. Attitudes toward professionalism in medical students and its associations with personal characteristics and values: a national multicentre study from Slovenia raising the question of the need to rethink professionalism. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2019; 10:437-446. [PMID: 31417330 PMCID: PMC6593685 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s197185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Professionalism is becoming one of the main competencies that all medical students should develop during their education. The attitudes of medical students to professionalism in the study process can change, depending on the curriculum and methods of teaching. Factors associated with attitudes to professionalism can be divided into the characteristics of the physician and the context, eg, education about professionalism and the health system; however other student characteristics are also important. This study focused on the factors associated with attitudes toward professionalism and took into account student demographic characteristics, personality and their personal values. Methods: A convenience sampling method was employed in the academic year 2015-2016 in the fourth and final year medical students at the two Medical Faculties in Slovenia. The instrument consisted of questionnaires examining the Big Five personality traits questionairre (BFQ), the scale of personal values and demographic and family background data. The outcome measure was the validated professionalism attitude scale (PAS). Results: A total of 323 students participated, of which 101 (31.3%) were men and 222 (68.7%) were women. The samples of the two faculties did not differ in any demographic characteristics and were analyzed together. Of the personal values, partner/love, profession/work and sport activity were significantly associated with the total score of the PAS (β=0.22, p=0.033; β=0.24, p=0.003; β=0.17, p=0.040, respectively). After the adjustments for the BFQ dimensions, only profession/work kept significance (β=0.19, p=0.016). Women scored significantly higher on attitudes toward professionalism (total PAS score: Mw=93.4±5.1, Mm=89.1±9.8, p=0.001), and this significance remained in multivariate modeling (β=-0.20, p=0.001). Of the hereditary traits, only acceptability was associated with attitudes toward professionalism (β=0.25, p<0.001). Conclusions: It seems that personal characteristics and values are important in students` concept of their future professional behavior. Further research will show whether these patterns are prerequisites for enrollment in the study process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Selic
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana1000, Slovenia
| | - Anja Cerne
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana1000, Slovenia
| | - Zalika Klemenc-Ketis
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana1000, Slovenia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor2000, Slovenia
- Department of Family Medicine, Community Health Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana1000, Slovenia
| | - Davorina Petek
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana1000, Slovenia
| | - Igor Svab
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana1000, Slovenia
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Lövestad S, Löve J, Vaez M, Waern M, Hensing G, Krantz G. Suicidal ideation and attempts in population-based samples of women: temporal changes between 1989 and 2015. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:351. [PMID: 30922272 PMCID: PMC6440083 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about temporal changes in the prevalence of self-reported suicidal ideation and attempts within general populations of women. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of self-reported suicidal ideation and attempts over a 26 year period (1989-2015) among women from the general population aged 20-49 years. A further aim was to investigate associations between sociodemographic factors and lifetime suicidal ideation over this study period. METHODS A total of 2072 structured personal interviews were performed with a stratified population-based sample of women between 1989 and 2015. Questions about lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts as well as sociodemographic factors were assessed at four data collection waves. Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts were compared through analysis of differences between two independent proportions and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Associations between sociodemographic factors and lifetime suicidal ideation were estimated by weighted odds ratios (OR). RESULTS Women aged 20-30 years reported higher lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation in 2013-2015 compared to 1989-1991 (45 and 33% respectively). Rates of lifetime suicide attempts remained similar between these time points (3.5 and 3.1% respectively). Women aged 31-49 years reported higher lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation in 2013-2015 compared to 2000-2002 (35.4 and 23.1% respectively). In this age group, lifetime suicide attempts increased from 0.0% in 2000-2002 to 3.6% in 2013-2015. Women aged 20-30 years who were single, unemployed or had low educational attainment had higher OR of lifetime suicidal ideation compared to the reference categories in most of the study waves. In 2013-2015, young students had lower OR of lifetime suicidal ideation (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.17-0.69) compared to those with employment. Women aged 31-49 years, who were single, had higher OR of lifetime suicidal ideation (OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.06-6.44) than married, cohabiting women and this was observed in 2013-2015. CONCLUSION The results raise a general concern about an increasing trend in suicidal ideation among young and middle-aged women. The current study expands on previous research by demonstrating that sociodemographic factors may show changing patterns in the associations with lifetime suicidal ideation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Lövestad
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Jesper Löve
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marjan Vaez
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Berzelius väg 3, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SU Sahlgrenska, 41345, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hensing
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Krantz
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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Janssen E, Spilka S, Le Nézet O, Shah J. On the question of non-medical cognitive enhancers among in-school adolescents: prevalence, predictors and potential health-related harms. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2018; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0018/ijamh-2018-0018.xml. [PMID: 30004903 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the use of non-medical cognitive enhancers (NCEs) in the general population, and even less among youth. The study utilises a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of adolescents attending high schools to provide a comprehensive overview of NCEs and to assess risk factors such as socio-demographics, schooling, mental health and related substance use among French adolescents. A total of 6692 students attending high school (secondary schools) answered an anonymous questionnaire collecting information on demographics, health, psychoactive substance uses (neuroleptics, tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, illicit substances) and patterns of sociability. The use of cognitive enhancers appears to be an underestimated phenomenon among youth. Prevalence of use is heavily gender-influenced, with females twice as likely to use NCEs than males. More than daily school commitments, the use of cognitive enhancers is related to the proximity of the national secondary education examination. Moreover, mental health, use of prescribed anxiolytics and other psychoactive substances are significantly independently associated with the use of cognitive enhancers, particularly among females. The unregulated use of cognitive enhancers is a predictor of potential mental frailty and a substance-based response to stressful events, a behaviour likely to persist during adulthood. The study underpins the lack of contextual and comparable data. Systematic monitoring of younger students in neighbouring countries is required to develop reliable prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Janssen
- French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies - OFDT), 3 Avenue du Stade de France, 93218 La Plaine, Saint Denis, France, Phone: +33 1 41 62 77 44, Fax: +33 1 41 62 77 00
| | - Stanislas Spilka
- French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies - OFDT), Saint Denis, France.,Research Centre on Population Epidemiology and Health (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations - CESP), Unit 1018, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Le Nézet
- French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies - OFDT), Saint Denis, France
| | - Jalpa Shah
- French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies - OFDT), Saint Denis, France
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Janssen E, Spilka S, Beck F. Suicide, santé mentale et usages de substances psychoactives chez les adolescents français en 2014. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2017; 65:409-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Racic M, Todorovic R, Ivkovic N, Masic S, Joksimovic B, Kulic M. Self- Perceived Stress in Relation to Anxiety, Depression and Health-related Quality of Life among Health Professions Students: A Cross-sectional Study from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Zdr Varst 2017; 56:251-259. [PMID: 29062400 PMCID: PMC5639815 DOI: 10.1515/sjph-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present study was to examine self-perceived stress of health professions students at the Faculty of Medicine Foča, and to explore its association with anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life. METHODS The cross-sectional study enrolled 451 students at the Faculty of Medicine (medicine, dentistry, nursing and speech therapy). Survey instruments were distributed at the conclusion of the spring semester during the last required lecture for each year and study programme class. Perceived stress was assessed using the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale. The students were evaluated for symptoms of depression and anxiety, using Zung's self-assessment inventory for depression and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). European Quality of Life-5 dimensions were used for describing and evaluating health. Multivariate analyses were carried out using logistic regression to examine the relationship between the outcome variable and selected determinant factors. RESULTS A high degree of stress was reported by 1.6% of students, while the majority of students had either moderate (70.6%) or low degree (27.5%) of stress. The significant independent factors associated with perceived stress were anxiety score (OR, 0.339; CI 95%, 0.276-0.403) and EQ-5D score (OR, 0.044; CI 95%, 0.033-0.085). A high degree of perceived stress (OR, 0.624; CI 95%, 0.507-0.704), the presence of depression (OR, 0.800; CI 95%, 0.513-1.087), and low quality of life were associated with anxiety (OR, 0.073; CI 95%, 0.018-0.128). CONCLUSION Higher levels of perceived stress predispose health professions students for anxiety and lower quality of life. The study programme was not a significant determinant of perceived stress sore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Racic
- University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department for PC and Public Health, Studentska 5, 73300Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Nedeljka Ivkovic
- University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department for PC and Public Health, Studentska 5, 73300Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Srdjan Masic
- University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department for PC and Public Health, Studentska 5, 73300Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Bojan Joksimovic
- University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department for PC and Public Health, Studentska 5, 73300Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milan Kulic
- University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department for PC and Public Health, Studentska 5, 73300Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Melchior M, Bolze C, Fombonne E, Surkan PJ, Pryor L, Jauffret-Roustide M. Early cannabis initiation and educational attainment: is the association causal? Data from the French TEMPO study. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1641-1650. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France
| | - Camille Bolze
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Pryor
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France
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Vancea M, Utzet M. How unemployment and precarious employment affect the health of young people: A scoping study on social determinants. Scand J Public Health 2016; 45:73-84. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494816679555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: The impact of unemployment and precarious employment on the health of young people is not well understood. However, according to social causation, higher socio-economic positions and thus better working conditions are beneficial to health in general. We tried to synthesize the results of studies that test this hypothesis in the case of young people. Methods: We conducted a scoping study mapping all the academic articles published in the period 2006–2016 in Europe. The literature was searched in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus. Results: We identified 1770 studies, of which only 46 met the inclusion criteria. There are more studies that focus on the relationship between unemployment and health than between precarious employment and health (28 and 16, respectively). The vast majority of the studies (44) found support for the social causation hypothesis, the most common health outcomes being mental health disorders, health risk behaviour, poor quality of life and occupational injuries. The causal mechanisms behind this association relied mainly on the life-course perspective, the breadwinner model, and the lack of social and economic benefits provided by standard employment. Conclusions:There is evidence that young people are especially vulnerable to health problems when unemployed or working in precarious conditions. Active labour market and training programmes, inclusive social security measures, improved working conditions and targeted health programmes are important for addressing this vulnerability. Further research should strive to enhance the causal model by including a gender perspective, longitudinal data, more indicators on precariousness and third factor explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Vancea
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Scientific Research and Technological Development in Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mireia Utzet
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina, GRAAL-Biostatistics Unit, Bellaterra, Spain
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Chau K, Kabuth B, Chau N. Association between Suicide Ideation and Attempts and Being an Immigrant among Adolescents, and the Role of Socioeconomic Factors and School, Behavior, and Health-Related Difficulties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111070. [PMID: 27809296 PMCID: PMC5129280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The risk of suicide behaviors in immigrant adolescents varies across countries and remains partly understood. We conducted a study in France to examine immigrant adolescents' likelihood of experiencing suicide ideation in the last 12 months (SI) and lifetime suicide attempts (SA) compared with their native counterparts, and the contribution of socioeconomic factors and school, behavior, and health-related difficulties. Questionnaires were completed by 1559 middle-school adolescents from north-eastern France including various risk factors, SI, SA, and their first occurrence over adolescent's life course (except SI). Data were analyzed using logistic regression models for SI and Cox regression models for SA (retaining only school, behavior, and health-related difficulties that started before SA). Immigrant adolescents had a two-time higher risk of SI and SA than their native counterparts. Using nested models, the excess SI risk was highly explained by socioeconomic factors (27%) and additional school, behavior, and health-related difficulties (24%) but remained significant. The excess SA risk was more highly explained by these issues (40% and 85%, respectively) and became non-significant. These findings demonstrate the risk patterns of SI and SA and the prominent confounding roles of socioeconomic factors and school, behavior, and health-related difficulties. They may be provided to policy makers, schools, carers, and various organizations interested in immigrant, adolescent, and suicide-behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kénora Chau
- Département de Médecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, CS50184, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54505, France.
- INSERM Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54511, France.
| | - Bernard Kabuth
- Service de Pédopsychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Hôpital d'Enfants de Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France.
| | - Nearkasen Chau
- INSERM, U1178, Paris F-75014, France.
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1178, Paris F-75014, France.
- Univ Paris Descartes, UMR-S1178, Paris F-75014, France.
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Rüütel K, Valk A, Lõhmus L. Suicidality and Associated Factors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Estonia. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2016; 64:770-785. [PMID: 27645155 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1236578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many studies over the last decade provide strong evidence of elevated rates of suicidality among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations compared to heterosexual populations. The aim of the current study was to investigate suicidal ideation and attempts and related factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Estonia. We conducted a nationwide Internet-based study among MSM with 265 eligible participants. Our results reveal high rates of self-reported suicidal ideation (lifetime prevalence 45%) and attempts (lifetime prevalence 11%) as well as a high rate of problem drinking (33%) and depressive symptoms (32%) among MSM. Recent suicidal ideation (14% had thought about suicide in the last 12 months) was related to depressive symptoms and lower socioeconomic situation. There is a need to develop specific interventions to address these issues among MSM and to provide gay-friendly mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Rüütel
- a Infectious Diseases and Drug Monitoring Department , National Institute for Health Development , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Anti Valk
- a Infectious Diseases and Drug Monitoring Department , National Institute for Health Development , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Liilia Lõhmus
- a Infectious Diseases and Drug Monitoring Department , National Institute for Health Development , Tallinn , Estonia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported a positive association between smoking and suicide, but the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the association between smoking and suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide death. METHODS Major electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were searched until May 2015. The reference lists of included studies were screened too. Epidemiological studies addressing the association between smoking and suicidal behaviors were enrolled. The heterogeneity across studies was explored by Q-test and I2 statistic. The possibility of publication bias was assessed using Begg's and Egger's tests and Trim & Fill analysis. The results were reported based on risk ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. RESULTS We identified a total of 8062 references and included 63 studies with 8,063,634 participants. Compared to nonsmokers, the current smokers were at higher risk of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.53, 2.58; 8 studies; I2 = 80.8%; P<0.001), suicide plan (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.69, 3.02; 6 studies; I2 = 85.2%; P<0.001), suicide attempt (OR = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.49, 4.19; 5 studies; I2 = 89.6%; (P<0.001), and suicide death (RR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.64, 2.02; 14 studies; I2 = 49.7%; P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS There is sufficient evidence that smoking is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviors. Therefore, smoking is a contributing factor for suicide. Although this association does not imply causation, however, smoking prevention and cessation should be the target of suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Poorolajal
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nahid Darvishi
- Psychological Counseling Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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21
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Mu H, Li Y, Liu L, Na J, Yu L, Bi X, An X, Gu Y, Zhou Y, Li S, Zhang R, Jiang C, Pan G. Prevalence and risk factors for lifetime suicide ideation, plan and attempt in Chinese men who have sex with men. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:117. [PMID: 27129468 PMCID: PMC4850688 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe the level and risk factors for suicidal behaviors in Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS A total of 807 MSM were recruited using a respondent-driven sampling method from Anshan, Benxi, Dandong, and Shenyang cities in northeastern China. RESULTS Chinese MSM had lifetime prevalences of suicide ideation (18.3%), plan (8.7%) and attempt (4.6%) that were about 2.8, 5.8 and 5.8 times greater than that of male adults in the general population of China. The MSM with any psychiatric disorders were 4-7 times more likely to think about, plan or attempt suicide than those MSM with no disorder, and there was a clear relationship between the number of comorbid disorders and suicidal behaviors. Multiple regression analysis showed that major depression, bipolar disorder, dysthymia and alcohol use disorder significantly increased the risk for suicide ideation, but not for suicide attempt. Drug dependence disorder, panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder significantly increased the risk for suicide attempt, but not for suicide ideation. More advanced education reduced the risk of suicidal behaviors, sexual orientations revealed to or discovered by family members or friends significantly increased risk of these suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Chinese MSM have significantly increased risk for suicidal behaviors, mental disorders and their comorbidities could be the largest risk factors for the elevated suicidal behaviors in Chinese MSM. Reducing the family and social stigma and rejection of homosexual behavior and early detection and effective treatment of psychiatric disorders and their comorbidities in MSM may help to decrease suicidal behaviors of Chinese MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Mu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Jun Na
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Liya Yu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Bi
- Anshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anshan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia An
- Benxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Benxi, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Shenyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Dandong Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dandong, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005 P.R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Pan
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sayang Road 242, Heping District, Shenyang, 110005, P.R. China.
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Kovess-Masfety V, Leray E, Denis L, Husky M, Pitrou I, Bodeau-Livinec F. Mental health of college students and their non-college-attending peers: results from a large French cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychol 2016; 4:20. [PMID: 27098291 PMCID: PMC4839092 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-016-0124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The great majority of mental disorders begin during adolescence or early adulthood, although they are often detected and treated later in life. To compare mental health status of college students and their non-college-attending peers whether working, attending a secondary school, or non-college-attending peers who are neither employed nor students or trainees (NENST) will allow to focus on high risk group. Methods Data were drawn from a large cross-sectional survey conducted by phone in 2005 in four French regions in a randomly selected sample of 22,138 adults. Analyses were restricted to the college-age subsample, defined as those aged 18 to 24 (n = 2424). Sociodemographic, educational, and occupational status were determined. In addition, respondents were administered standardized instruments to assess mental health and well-being (CIDI-SF, SF-36, Sheehan Disability Scale, CAGE), mastery, social support, and isolation. The four occupational groups were compared. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results Mental health disorders were more prevalent among the NENST group, with significant differences among men for anxiety disorders including phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder, impairing at least one role in their daily life. This was also true among women except for panic disorder. The NENST group also reported the lowest level of mastery and social support for both genders and the highest level of social isolation for women only. After adjustment, occupational status remained an independent correlate of PTSD (OR = 2.92 95 % CI = 1.4–6.1), agoraphobia (OR = 1.86 95 % CI 1.07–3.22) and alcohol dependence (OR = 2.1 95 % CI = 1.03–4.16). Conclusion Compared with their peers at work or in education/training, the prevalence of certain common mental health disorders was higher among college-aged individuals in the NENST group. Efforts should be made to help young adults in the transition between school or academic contexts and joining the workforce. It is also important to help youths with psychiatric disorders find an occupational activity and provide them information, care, support and counseling, particularly in times of economic hardship. Schools and universities may be adequate institutional settings to set health promotion programs in mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- EHESP French School of Public Health, Paris, France. .,Paris Descartes University, EA 4057, Paris, France.
| | | | - Laure Denis
- EHESP French School of Public Health, Paris, France
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Michaels MS, Parent MC, Torrey CL. A Minority Stress Model for Suicidal Ideation in Gay Men. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2016; 46:23-34. [PMID: 25981684 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a dearth of research on mechanisms underlying higher rates of suicidal ideation among gay men compared to heterosexual men. The purpose of this study was to establish the link between social/psychological predictor variables and suicidal ideation by testing a hypothesized minority stress model. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the relationships posited in the model using data from a community sample of 167 gay men. Model fit was adequate and hypothesized relationships were partially supported. Also, depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between (less) outness predicting suicidal ideation. These findings imply that therapeutic approaches targeting the coming out process may be more effective than approaches targeting internalized homophobia when suicidal ideation is indicated in the clinical presentation of gay and bisexual men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Michaels
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Mike C Parent
- Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Carrie L Torrey
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Melchior M. Commentary on Kosty et al. (2015): Cannabis abuse from one generation to the next-a heightened vulnerability in women? Addiction 2015; 110:1118-9. [PMID: 26094497 DOI: 10.1111/add.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Melchior
- Inserm, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, Paris, France.
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Assari S. Ethnic and Gender Differences in Additive Effects of Socio-economics, Psychiatric Disorders, and Subjective Religiosity on Suicidal Ideation among Blacks. Int J Prev Med 2015; 6:53. [PMID: 26180624 PMCID: PMC4498310 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.158913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the additive effects of socio-economic factors, number of psychiatric disorders, and religiosity on suicidal ideation among Blacks, based on the intersection of ethnicity and gender. METHODS With a cross-sectional design, data came from the National Survey of American Life, 2001-2003, which included 3570 African-American and 1621 Caribbean Black adults. Socio-demographics, perceived religiosity, number of lifetime psychiatric disorders and lifetime suicidal ideation were measured. Logistic regressions were fitted specific to groups based on the intersection of gender and ethnicity, while socioeconomics, number of life time psychiatric disorders, and subjective religiosity were independent variables, and lifetime serious suicidal ideation was the dependent variable. RESULTS Irrespective of ethnicity and gender, number of lifetime psychiatric disorders was a risk factor for lifetime suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] ranging from 2.4 for Caribbean Black women to 6.0 for Caribbean Black men). Only among African-American men (OR = 0.8, 95% confidence interval = 0.7-0.9), perceived religiosity had a residual protective effect against suicidal ideation above and beyond number of lifetime psychiatric disorders. The direction of the effect of education on suicidal ideating also varied based on the group. CONCLUSIONS Residual protective effect of subjective religiosity in the presence of psychiatric disorders on suicidal ideation among Blacks depends on ethnicity and gender. African-American men with multiple psychiatric disorders and low religiosity are at very high risk for suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, MI, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, MI, USA
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Arnarsson A, Sveinbjornsdottir S, Thorsteinsson EB, Bjarnason T. Suicidal risk and sexual orientation in adolescence: a population-based study in Iceland. Scand J Public Health 2015; 43:497-505. [PMID: 25964125 DOI: 10.1177/1403494815585402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Suicidality is an important public health problem, particularly among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents and young adults. The purpose of the present study is to compare the rate of suicide ideations and attempts among LGB adolescent to that of non-LGB adolescents in a population-based sample, and to identify important protective factors as well as risk factors Method: We used the Icelandic data set from the 2009/2010 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The sample consisted of 3813 grade 10 Icelandic adolescents; 1876 girls and 1937 boys. The participants were asked about attraction and/or activity, as well as about suicidal ideation and/or attempts. The questionnaire also included various other items regarding health and lifestyle. RESULTS LGB adolescents were five to six times more likely to have had frequent suicidal ideations. Factors that were associated with less suicide ideations and fewer attempts were easy communication and liking school. The LGB girls were six times more likely to have had frequent suicide attempts, whilst the LGB boys were 17 times more likely to have attempted suicide that often. No specific protective or risk factors were identified for suicidality in LGB adolescents other than bullying. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents that had engaged in heterosexual activity and those that had LGB attraction had similarly heightened risk for suicidality, but sexually active LGB adolescents were far more likely to have suicidal ideations or to have attempted suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Einar B Thorsteinsson
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Owen R, Gooding P, Dempsey R, Jones S. A qualitative investigation into the relationships between social factors and suicidal thoughts and acts experienced by people with a bipolar disorder diagnosis. J Affect Disord 2015; 176:133-40. [PMID: 25706607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence rate of completed suicide in bipolar disorder is estimated to be as high as 19%. Social factors or influences, such as stigmatisation and family conflict, contribute to the development of suicidal ideation in clinical and non-clinical populations. Yet, there is a lack of studies examining suicidality from a psychosocial perspective in people who experience bipolar disorder. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data from 20 participants with bipolar disorder. The interview focused on the effects of social factors upon participants׳ experiences of suicidality (suicidal thoughts, feelings or behaviours). A thematic analysis was used to understand the data. RESULTS Social or interpersonal factors which participants identified as protective against suicidality included, 'the impact of suicide on others' and, 'reflecting on positive social experiences'. Social factors which triggered suicidal thoughts included, 'negative social experiences' and, 'not being understood or acknowledged'. Social factors which worsened suicidal thoughts or facilitated suicidal behaviour were, 'feeling burdensome,' and 'reinforcing negative self-appraisals'. LIMITATIONS Some participants had not experienced suicidal thoughts for many years and were recalling experiences which had taken place over ten years ago. The accuracy and reliability of these memories must therefore be taken into consideration when interpreting the results. CONCLUSIONS The themes help to enhance current understanding of the ways in which social factors affect suicidality in people who experience bipolar disorder. These results highlight the importance of considering the social context in which suicidality is experienced and incorporating strategies to buffer against the effects of negative social experiences in psychological interventions which target suicide risk in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Owen
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Robert Dempsey
- Centre for Health Psychology, Staffordshire University, UK
| | - Steven Jones
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Lancaster University, UK
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Iliceto P, Fino E, Sabatello U, Candilera G. Personality and suicidal ideation in the elderly: factorial invariance and latent means structures across age. Aging Ment Health 2014; 18:792-800. [PMID: 24479767 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.880404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suicide among the elderly is a dramatic global health problem. Although fatal attempts are frequent in the elderly, research indicated that they rarely present long-term elaboration of suicidal ideation and communicate their intents. Consequently, risk factor detection and assessment are salient. Although evidence on the association between personality and suicidal ideation in young adults is accumulating, little is known about its relevance in the elderly. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the components of a measurement model that are invariant across young adults and older adults and then investigate the relations among dimensions of personality and suicide risk. We postulated a specific relation pattern a priori and tested the hypotheses statistically in order to examine the models for equivalency of the factorial measurement. METHOD We investigated 316 young adults and 339 older adults, who were administered self-report questionnaires to assess depression, hopelessness, alternative five-factor model of personality, and self-other perception. RESULTS Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, yielding a final model with excellent fit to the data. This model showed a similar pattern of associations between suicidal ideation and personality across both groups. CONCLUSIONS Although the elderly are exposed to specific life stressors associated with suicidal ideation, our findings suggest that the elderly and young adults may be similar on personality and psychopathology variables predicting suicidal ideation than previously hypothesized. Implications are provided for enhanced assessment and intervention of the elderly high in neuroticism, depression, hopelessness, and with negative self-other perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Iliceto
- a S&P Statistics and Psychometrics Ltd , Rome , Italy
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Léger D, Beck F, Richard JB, Sauvet F, Faraut B. The risks of sleeping "too much". Survey of a National Representative Sample of 24671 adults (INPES health barometer). PLoS One 2014; 9:e106950. [PMID: 25226585 PMCID: PMC4165901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A significant U-shaped association between sleep duration and several morbidity (obesity, diabetes or cardiovascular disease) and mortality risks has been regularly reported. However, although the physiological pathways and risks associated with “too short sleep” (<5 hours/day) have been well demonstrated, little is known about “too much sleeping”. Purpose To explore socio-demographic characteristics and comorbidities of “long sleepers” (over 10 hours/day) from a nationally representative sample of adults. Methods A cross-sectional nationally representative sample of 24,671 subjects from 15 to 85-year-old. An estimated total sleep time (TST) on non-leisure days was calculated based on a specifically designed sleep log which allows to distinguish “long sleepers” from “short sleepers” (<5 hours/day). Insomnia was assessed according to the International classification of sleep disorders (ICSD-2). Results The average TST was 7 hours and 13 minutes (+/− 17 minutes). Six hundred and twelve subjects were “long sleepers” (2.7%) and 1969 “short sleepers” (7.5%). Compared to the whole group, “long sleepers” were more often female, younger (15–25 year-old) or older (above 65 year-old), with no academic degree, mostly clerks and blue collar workers. “Long sleepers” were significantly more likely to have psychiatric diseases and a greater body mass index (BMI). However, long sleep was not significantly associated with the presence of any other chronic medical disease assessed. Conversely, short sleep duration was significantly associated with almost all the other chronic diseases assessed. Conclusions In the general population, sleeping too much was associated with psychiatric diseases and higher BMI, but not with other chronic medical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Léger
- Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel Dieu, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - François Beck
- VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Equipe Cesames (centre de recherche médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société, Université Paris Descartes/CNRS UMR 8211/Inserm U988/EHESS), Cermes 3, Direction des Affaires Scientifiques INPES, Saint Denis, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Richard
- VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Equipe Cesames (centre de recherche médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société, Université Paris Descartes/CNRS UMR 8211/Inserm U988/EHESS), Cermes 3, Direction des Affaires Scientifiques INPES, Saint Denis, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Brice Faraut
- Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel Dieu, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Synergistic Effects of Lifetime Psychiatric Disorders on Suicidal Ideation Among Blacks in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-014-0034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gender and family disparities in suicide attempt and role of socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties in early adolescence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:314521. [PMID: 25136577 PMCID: PMC4127271 DOI: 10.1155/2014/314521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Suicide attempt (SA) is common in early adolescence and the risk may differ between boys and girls in nonintact families partly because of socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties. This study explored the gender and family disparities and the role of these covariates. Questionnaires were completed by 1,559 middle-school adolescents from north-eastern France including sex, age, socioeconomic factors (family structure, nationality, parents' education, father's occupation, family income, and social support), grade repetition, depressive symptoms, sustained violence, sexual abuse, unhealthy behaviors (tobacco/alcohol/cannabis/hard drug use), SA, and their first occurrence over adolescent's life course. Data were analyzed using Cox regression models. SA affected 12.5% of girls and 7.2% of boys (P < 0.001). The girls living with parents divorced/separated, in reconstructed families, and with single parents had a 3-fold higher SA risk than those living in intact families. Over 63% of the risk was explained by socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties. No family disparities were observed among boys. Girls had a 1.74-time higher SA risk than boys, and 45% of the risk was explained by socioeconomic, school, and mental difficulties and violence. SA prevention should be performed in early adolescence and consider gender and family differences and the role of socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties.
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Saïas T, du Roscoät E, Véron L, Guignard R, Richard JB, Legleye S, Sauvade F, Kovess V, Beck F. Psychological distress in French college students: demographic, economic and social stressors. Results from the 2010 National Health Barometer. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:256. [PMID: 24629002 PMCID: PMC3995499 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological distress (PD) in students is under-investigated, since its prevalence can be high in certain subgroups of students and it has been seen to be associated with other mental health issues and academic achievement. In a sample of French college students, this study investigated factors associated with PD, and looked more closely at the impact of social and interpersonal variables. Methods Data were extracted from the 2010 French “National Health Barometer”. 946 students were interviewed. Mental health was assessed using the MH-5 five-item scale. Results The PD rate in this sample was 13.8% (7.2% in males, 19.5% in females). Low income, nonsexual assault in the last 12 months, studying law and low social participation were associated with PD in multivariate analyses. Conclusions French students show specific characteristics that are discussed in order to explain the relatively low rate of PD observed. The impact of loneliness and social isolation are a major focus for preventive policies based on community resources and early detection of the symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Saïas
- Institut National de Prévention et d'Education pour la Santé, 42 Bd de la Libération, Saint-Denis, Cedex 93203, France.
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Husky MM, Guignard R, Beck F, Michel G. Risk behaviors, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a nationally representative French sample. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:1059-65. [PMID: 24070905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from large nationally representative samples are needed to provide the empirical foundation to inform health policies for the prevention of suicide risk and risk behaviors in men and women. METHODS Data were extracted from the 2010 Health Barometer, a large telephone survey on a representative sample of the general population aged 15-85 years living in France (n=27,653), carried out by the National Institute for Health Promotion and Health Education. Data were collected between October 2009 and July 2010. A computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) system was used. RESULTS Overall, 3.9% of respondents aged 15 to 85 reported past year suicidal ideation, and 0.5% reported a suicide attempt in that time period. Increased rates of risky sexual behavior are associated with ideation and attempt in both men and women, after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Homosexuality or bisexuality are associated with suicidal ideation for both men and women, but not with attempts. Substance misuse, physical and sexual assaults are strongly associated with suicidal symptoms for both men and women. Early first experiences with sex, tobacco, and alcohol are associated with suicidal symptoms though somewhat differentially for men and women. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional survey. CONCLUSION The findings underscore associations between suicidal thoughts and behaviors and risk behaviors such as unprotected sex and substance use in men and women throughout the lifespan. These associations highlight the need for preventive strategies such as screening for risk behaviors in order to identify men and women particularly at risk for suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde M Husky
- Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire de France, 71 Avenue Edouard Vaillant, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt Cedex, France.
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Hoffman S. Suicidal ideation and migration aspirations among youth in central Mexico. Glob J Health Sci 2013; 6:92-8. [PMID: 24373268 PMCID: PMC4155928 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n1p92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 100 years the state of Guanajuato has consistently been one of the highest migrant sending states in Mexico. Youth living in high migratory states such as Guanajuato are heavily influenced by the expectation that they will travel to the US, and research has shown that those who do not migrate may be looked down upon by members of their community. This secondary analysis looks at the connection between suicidal ideation and migration aspirations among a group of adolescents living in Guanajuato, Mexico. Data were originally collected in 2007 as part of a comprehensive health survey of youth attending an alternative high schooling program. Regression analyses show that suicidal ideation predicts intentions to migrate among both males and females, while other factors differentially influence the adolescents by gender. The results indicate that suicidal ideation may be associated with migration aspirations among Mexican youth living in high migratory communities. Study limitations and implications are discussed.
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Cheung YTD, Wong PWC, Lee AM, Lam TH, Fan YSS, Yip PSF. Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior: prevalence, co-occurrence, and correlates of suicide among adolescents in Hong Kong. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1133-44. [PMID: 23262815 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing concern over the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents, there is debate about its classification as a stand-alone psychiatric diagnosis. This study investigated the patterns, co-occurrence, and correlates of NSSI and other suicidal behaviors among a representative community sample of in-school adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 2,317 adolescents was conducted. Participants were asked to self-report NSSI, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and psychosocial conditions over the past 12 months. Logistic regression and cumulative logit modeling analyses were conducted to investigate the different and similar correlates among these self-harm behaviors. RESULTS The age-standardized prevalence rates of NSSI among male and female adolescents were estimated to be 13.4 and 19.7 %, respectively, compared with 11.1 and 10.1 % for male and female suicide attempt. Only a small proportion engaged in NSSI exclusively in the past year. NSSI by burning or reckless and risky behaviors, frequent drinking, and sexual experience were associated with increasing severity level of suicidal behaviors among individuals with NSSI. CONCLUSIONS NSSI is prevalent among in-school adolescents in Hong Kong. However, it co-occurs with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. High lethality of NSSI, frequent drinking habit, and lifetime sexual experience are suggested to be indicators for screening potential suicide attempters among those having NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Tak Derek Cheung
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Kosidou K, Hellner-Gumpert C, Fredlund P, Dalman C, Hallqvist J, Isacsson G, Magnusson C. Immigration, transition into adult life and social adversity in relation to psychological distress and suicide attempts among young adults. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46284. [PMID: 23056275 PMCID: PMC3463579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of mental health problems among young people is a major concern in many Western countries. The causal mechanisms underlying these trends are not well established, but factors influenced by current societal changes ought to be implicated. Such factors include immigration and social adversity as well as the timing of taking on adult social roles (e.g. gainful employment, parenthood and own housing tenure). We therefore examined relationships between these factors and the risks of psychological distress as well as suicide attempts in young adults, with a focus on gender differences. METHODS We conducted a population-based study including 10,081 individuals aged 18-29, recruited in 2002 and 2006 in Stockholm, Sweden. Data were collected by record linkage and questionnaires. RESULTS Non-European immigrants had an increased risk of distress, and female non-European immigrants had a markedly higher risk of suicide attempts. Both early parenthood (≤ 24 years) and not being a parent, being a student and the lack of own housing tenure were associated with distress, but only in women. In both sexes, financial strain was associated with the increased risk of distress and suicide attempts, while unemployment was only associated with distress. CONCLUSIONS Immigration from outside Europe and social adversity are associated with mental health problems in young adults, especially females. Postponed transition into adulthood is associated with poor mental health in young women. These factors are influenced by current societal changes, and may have contributed to the increasing incidence of mental health problems among young people in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Kosidou
- Division of Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Chau K, Baumann M, Kabuth B, Chau N. School difficulties in immigrant adolescent students and roles of socioeconomic factors, unhealthy behaviours, and physical and mental health. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:453. [PMID: 22712754 PMCID: PMC3515352 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School is a multi-cultural setting where students need social, material, physical, and mental resources to attain school achievement. But they are often lacking, especially for immigrant students. In an early adolescence context, this study assessed risk for school difficulties among European and non-European immigrants and the roles of socioeconomic characteristics, physical health, psychological health, social relationships, living environment, and unhealthy behaviours. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1,559 middle-school adolescents from north-eastern France, who completed a self-administered questionnaire including socioeconomic characteristics (gender, age, family structure, father's occupation, and family income), WHO-Quality of life (measuring the four dimensions physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and living environment), unhealthy behaviours (last-30-day uses of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drugs and no regular sports/physical activities), grade repetition, low school performance (<10/20), and school dropout ideation at 16 years. Data were analyzed using logistic models. RESULTS Grade repetition affected 14.8% of students, low school performance 8.2%, and school dropout ideation 3.9%. European immigrants had a higher risk for grade repetition only with a gender-age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.44, vs. French students. This odds ratio decreased to 1.76 (contribution 47%) with further adjustment for all confounders (family structure, father's occupation, family income, physical health, psychological health, social relationships, living environment, and unhealthy behaviours). Non-European immigrants had a statistically higher risk for all grade repetition, low school performance, and school dropout ideation with ORs of 3.29, 3.02, and 3.42, respectively vs. French students. These odds ratios decreased to 1.76, 1.54, and 1.54, respectively (contributions 66%, 73%, and 78%) with further adjustment for all confounders. CONCLUSIONS Compared with French students, European immigrant students were more affected only by grade repetition while non-European immigrant students by all grade repetition, low school performance, and school dropout ideation. The contribution of socioeconomic characteristics, physical health, psychological health, social relationships, living environment, and unhealthy behaviours was very high and much higher for non-European than for European immigrant students. Public policy should focus on these factors and services to reduce school difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kénora Chau
- Service of Pedopsychiatry, Hôpital d'Enfants de Nancy-Brabois, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de médecine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- University of Luxembourg, INtegrative research unit on Social and Individual DEvelopment (INSIDE), Walferdange, Luxembourg
| | - Michèle Baumann
- University of Luxembourg, INtegrative research unit on Social and Individual DEvelopment (INSIDE), Walferdange, Luxembourg
| | - Bernard Kabuth
- Service of Pedopsychiatry, Hôpital d'Enfants de Nancy-Brabois, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de médecine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nearkasen Chau
- INSERM, U669, Paris, F-75014, France
- Univ Paris-Sud and Univ Paris Descartes, UMR-S0669, Paris, France
- Inserm, U669, 8 rue du Breuil, F-54180, Heillecourt, France
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Surkan PJ, Fielding-Miller R, Melchior M. Parental relationship satisfaction in French young adults associated with alcohol abuse and dependence. Addict Behav 2012; 37:313-7. [PMID: 22088856 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for disease in developed countries. In addition to genetic susceptibility, alcohol consumption is shaped by one's social and family environment. With data from 2009, we examined associations between satisfaction with familial relationships and alcohol abuse and dependence using a national sample of 1101 French young adults aged 22-35. Alcohol-related problems were measured with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Main exposure variables included young adults' self-report of satisfaction with parental relationships. In adjusted logistic regression models, having a poor relationship with one's mother (OR=1.8, 95%CI 1.0-3.6) or father (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.2) was associated with alcohol abuse and dependence. Gender stratified analyses indicated unsatisfactory maternal relationships were associated with alcohol problems in women (OR=2.6, 95%CI 1.1-6.6); unsatisfactory paternal relationships were suggestive of alcohol abuse in men (OR=2.0, 95%CI 0.9-4.7), but not in women. Non-cohabitation with a romantic partner was associated with an almost three-fold increase of alcohol abuse and dependence in men (OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.6-4.8). The quality of parental relationships may be important for alcohol abuse, particularly when the parent is the same gender. Family-centered approaches may be considered in prevention efforts to reduce problem drinking in French young adults.
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Nussbaum A, Thurstone C, Binswanger I. Medical marijuana use and suicide attempt in a patient with major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2011; 168:778-81. [PMID: 21813494 PMCID: PMC5242320 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Nussbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA.
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Baumann M, Ionescu I, Chau N. Psychological quality of life and its association with academic employability skills among newly-registered students from three European faculties. BMC Psychiatry 2011; 11:63. [PMID: 21501507 PMCID: PMC3094287 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-11-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In accord with new European university reforms initiated by the Bologna Process, our objectives were to assess psychological quality of life (QoL) and to analyse its associations with academic employability skills (AES) among students from the Faculty of Language, Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education, Walferdange Luxembourg (F1, mostly vocational/applied courses); the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Liege, Belgium (F2, mainly general courses); and the Faculty of Social Work, Iasi, Romania (F3, mainly vocational/professional courses). METHOD Students who redoubled or who had studied at other universities were excluded. 355 newly-registered first-year students (145 from F1, 125 from F2, and 85 from F3) were invited to complete an online questionnaire (in French, German, English or Romanian) covering socioeconomic data, the AES scale and the QoL-psychological, QoL-social relationships and QoL-environment subscales as measured with the World Health Organisation Quality of Life short-form (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire. Analyses included multiple regressions with interactions. RESULTS QoL-psychological, QoL-social relationships and QoL-environment' scores were highest in F1 (Luxembourg), and the QoL-psychological score in F2 (Belgium) was the lower. AES score was higher in F1 than in F3 (Romania). A positive link was found between QoL-psychological and AES for F1 (correlation coefficient 0.29, p<0.01) and F3 (correlation coefficient 0.30, p<0.05), but the association was negative for F2 (correlation coefficient -0.25, p<0.01). QoL-psychological correlated positively with QoL-social relationships (regression coefficient 0.31, p<0.001) and QoL-environment (regression coefficient 0.35, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Psychological quality of life is associated with acquisition of skills that increase employability from the faculties offering vocational/applied/professional courses in Luxembourg and Romania, but not their academically orientated Belgian counterparts. In the context of developing a European Higher Educational Area, these measurements are major indicators that can be used as a guide to promoting programs geared towards counseling, improvement of the social environment, and services to assist with university work and facilitate achievement of future professional projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Baumann
- INSIDE research unit, University of Luxembourg, Walferdange L-7201 Luxembourg
| | - Ion Ionescu
- Department of Social Work, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iasi, R-700506 Romania
| | - Nearkasen Chau
- INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud U669, Univ Paris V UMR-S0669, Paris F-75014 France
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Russell ST, Toomey RB. Men's sexual orientation and suicide: evidence for U.S. adolescent-specific risk. Soc Sci Med 2010; 74:523-9. [PMID: 20833460 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is strong consensus in the research literature that adolescent and adult men who report same-sex sexual orientations, identities, and behaviors are at higher risk for suicide. Recent studies of general adolescent suicide risk have identified developmental trajectories that peak during the teenage years. Because the adolescent years are characterized by the development and heightened awareness of gender roles and sexual scripts closely tied to dominant cultural ideals of masculinity and heterosexuality, an adolescent-focused developmental trajectory for suicide risk might be particularly relevant for males with adolescent same-sex sexual orientations. We provide the first prospective examination of adolescent-specific risk for suicidality based on adolescent same-sex sexual orientation using data from the United States, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Tracing suicide ideation and attempts across four assessments from adolescence (Wave 1 average age 15.3 years) to young adulthood (Wave 4 average age 28.2), we documented that the risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts for adolescent same-sex attracted males is developmental in nature. Specifically, the risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts for males with same-sex attractions is largely limited to the adolescent years. These results offer new insights for suicide prevention and intervention for male adolescents and adults with same-sex sexual orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Russell
- University of Arizona, Norton School of Family & Consumer Sciences, 650 N Park Ave, PO Box 210078, Tucson, AZ 85721-0078, United States.
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