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Hyde LW, Bezek JL, Michael C. The future of neuroscience in developmental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38444150 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Developmental psychopathology started as an intersection of fields and is now a field itself. As we contemplate the future of this field, we consider the ways in which a newer, interdisciplinary field - human developmental neuroscience - can inform, and be informed by, developmental psychopathology. To do so, we outline principles of developmental psychopathology and how they are and/or can be implemented in developmental neuroscience. In turn, we highlight how the collaboration between these fields can lead to richer models and more impactful translation. In doing so, we describe the ways in which models from developmental psychopathology can enrich developmental neuroscience and future directions for developmental psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, Survey Research Center at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica L Bezek
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cleanthis Michael
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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2
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Seitz KI, Sicorello M, Schmitz M, Valencia N, Herpertz SC, Bertsch K, Neukel C. Childhood Maltreatment and Amygdala Response to Interpersonal Threat in a Transdiagnostic Adult Sample: The Role of Trait Dissociation. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00016-8. [PMID: 38280631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) confers risk for different mental disorders as well as transdiagnostic symptoms such as dissociation. Aberrant amygdala response to interpersonal threat may link CM to transdiagnostic psychopathology and has recently been shown to depend on type and developmental timing of CM experiences. Still, most studies on CM and threat-related amygdala response employ categorical disorder-specific perspectives and fail to consider type and timing of CM exposure. We aimed to investigate associations between CM, amygdala response to interpersonal threat, and dimensional psychopathological symptoms including trait dissociation in a transdiagnostic adult sample, specifically considering type, timing, and duration of CM. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional neuroimaging study in 141 participants with varying levels of CM, including mostly female participants with major depressive disorder (n = 36), posttraumatic stress disorder (n = 34), and somatic symptom disorder (n = 35) and healthy volunteers (n = 36). Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during an emotional face-matching task, completed the brief German interview version of the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure scale, and answered self-report measures of transdiagnostic CM-related symptoms including trait dissociation. Data were analyzed using a machine learning-based model comparison procedure. RESULTS In our transdiagnostic sample, neither type nor timing or duration of CM predicted amygdala response to interpersonal threat. Instead, trait dissociation predicted blunted bilateral amygdala response and emerged as a possible mediator between CM and amygdala function. CONCLUSIONS Trait dissociation may be an important confounder in the widely documented association between CM and threat-related amygdala response, which should be considered in future longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja I Seitz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim, Heidelberg, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Maurizio Sicorello
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marius Schmitz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Noel Valencia
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim, Heidelberg, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Corinne Neukel
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim, Heidelberg, Ulm, Germany
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3
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Del Giacco AC, Jones SA, Hernandez KO, Barnes SJ, Nagel BJ. Heightened adolescent emotional reactivity in the brain is associated with lower future distress tolerance and higher depressive symptoms. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 333:111659. [PMID: 37263126 PMCID: PMC10330591 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Distress tolerance, the ability to persist while experiencing negative psychological states, is essential for regulating emotions and is a transdiagnostic risk/resiliency trait for multiple psychopathologies. Studying distress tolerance during adolescence, a period when emotion regulation is still developing, may help identify early risk and/or protective factors. This study included 40 participants (mean scan age = 17.5 years) and using an emotional Go-NoGo functional magnetic resonance imaging task and voxel-wise regression analysis, examined the association between brain response during emotional face processing and future distress tolerance (two ± 0.5 years), controlling for sex assigned at birth, age, and time between visits. Post-hoc analyses tested the mediating role of distress tolerance on the emotional reactivity and depressive symptom relationship. Whole-brain analysis showed greater inferior occipital gyrus activation was associated with less distress tolerance at follow-up. The mediating role of distress tolerance demonstrated a trend-level indirect effect. Findings suggest that individuals who allocate greater visual resources to emotionally salient information tend to exhibit greater challenges in tolerating distress. Distress tolerance may help to link emotional reactivity neurobiology to future depressive symptoms. Building distress tolerance through emotion regulation strategies may be an appropriate strategy for decreasing depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Del Giacco
- Departments of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Scott A Jones
- Departments of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Kristina O Hernandez
- Departments of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Samantha J Barnes
- Departments of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America; Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.
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4
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Wang R, Lu X, Jiang Y. Distributed and hierarchical neural encoding of multidimensional biological motion attributes in the human brain. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8510-8522. [PMID: 37118887 PMCID: PMC10786095 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human visual system can efficiently extract distinct physical, biological, and social attributes (e.g. facing direction, gender, and emotional state) from biological motion (BM), but how these attributes are encoded in the brain remains largely unknown. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate this issue when participants viewed multidimensional BM stimuli. Using multiple regression representational similarity analysis, we identified distributed brain areas, respectively, related to the processing of facing direction, gender, and emotional state conveyed by BM. These brain areas are governed by a hierarchical structure in which the respective neural encoding of facing direction, gender, and emotional state is modulated by each other in descending order. We further revealed that a portion of the brain areas identified in representational similarity analysis was specific to the neural encoding of each attribute and correlated with the corresponding behavioral results. These findings unravel the brain networks for encoding BM attributes in consideration of their interactions, and highlight that the processing of multidimensional BM attributes is recurrently interactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 26 Science Park Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 26 Science Park Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 26 Science Park Road, Beijing 102206, China
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5
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Zhang G, Zhu Y. The Mediating Role of Callous-Unemotional Traits in the Relationship between Parental Aggression and Behavioral Problems among Chinese Preschoolers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1054. [PMID: 37371285 PMCID: PMC10297390 DOI: 10.3390/children10061054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that aggressive parenting is associated with behavioral problems among Western children in their early childhood, but this has rarely been examined among Chinese preschoolers. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between aggressive parenting, callous-unemotional traits (CU traits), and behavioral problems among a large Chinese preschool sample. Data were collected in Wuhu city, China, from 1879 preschoolers (54% of whom were male) with a mean age of 65.66 months (standard deviation = 9.41). Parents provided information about the frequency of aggressive parenting, children's behaviors, and demographic characteristics via an online questionnaire. Mediation models were applied to analyze the associations between aggressive parenting, CU traits, and behavioral problems. Preschoolers' age, gender, and family socioeconomic status were considered as covariates. The findings of our study revealed that higher frequencies of parental psychological and physical aggression were associated with high levels of CU traits, which were related to increased levels of preschoolers' behavioral problems. This study extends previous studies by revealing a positive relationship between aggressive parenting and behavioral problems among Chinese preschoolers via CU traits and highlights the risks of aggressive parenting. Interventions for improving parenting strategies and lessening callous-unemotional traits should be developed to help reduce behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengli Zhang
- Faculty of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yantong Zhu
- School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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6
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Asim M, Wang H, Waris A. Altered neurotransmission in stress-induced depressive disorders: The underlying role of the amygdala in depression. Neuropeptides 2023; 98:102322. [PMID: 36702033 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the second leading cause of disability in the world population, for which currently available pharmacological therapies either have poor efficacy or have some adverse effects. Accumulating evidence from clinical and preclinical studies demonstrates that the amygdala is critically implicated in depressive disorders, though the underlying pathogenesis mechanism needs further investigation. In this literature review, we overviewed depression and the key role of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Glutamate neurotransmission in depression. Notably, we discussed a new cholecystokinin-dependent plastic changes mechanism under stress and a possible antidepressant response of cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) antagonist. Moreover, we discussed the fundamental role of the amygdala in depression, to discuss and understand the pathophysiology of depression and the inclusive role of the amygdala in this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim
- Department of Biomedical science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong 0000, Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen research institute, Shenzhen 518507, PR China; Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong 0000, Hong Kong.
| | - Huajie Wang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen research institute, Shenzhen 518507, PR China; Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong 0000, Hong Kong
| | - Abdul Waris
- Department of Biomedical science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong 0000, Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen research institute, Shenzhen 518507, PR China
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7
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Kuga N, Sasaki T. Memory-related neurophysiological mechanisms in the hippocampus underlying stress susceptibility. Neurosci Res 2022:S0168-0102(22)00213-9. [PMID: 35931215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced psychiatric symptoms, such as increased anxiety, decreased sociality, and depression, differ considerably across individuals. The cognitive model of depression proposes that biased negative memory is a crucial determinant in the development of mental stress-induced disorders. Accumulating evidence from both clinical and animal studies has demonstrated that such biased memory processing could be triggered by the hippocampus, a region well known to be involved in declarative memories. This review mainly describes how memory-related neurophysiological mechanisms in the hippocampus and their interactions with other related brain regions are involved in the regulation of stress susceptibility and discusses potential interventions to prevent and treat stress-related psychiatric symptoms. Further neurophysiological insights based on memory mechanisms are expected to devise personalized prevention and therapy to confer stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Kuga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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8
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Tesen H, Watanabe K, Okamoto N, Ikenouchi A, Igata R, Konishi Y, Kakeda S, Yoshimura R. Volume of Amygdala Subregions and Clinical Manifestations in Patients With First-Episode, Drug-Naïve Major Depression. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:780884. [PMID: 35046783 PMCID: PMC8762364 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.780884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined amygdala subregion volumes in patients with a first episode of major depression (MD) and in healthy subjects. Covariate-adjusted linear regression was performed to compare the MD and healthy groups, and adjustments for age, gender, and total estimated intracranial volume showed no differences in amygdala subregion volumes between the healthy and MD groups. Within the MD group, we examined the association between amygdala subregion volume and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) score and the HAMD subscale score, and found no association in the left amygdala. In the right amygdala, however, there was an inverse linear association between the HAMD total and the HAMD core and lateral nucleus and anterior-amygdaloid-regions. Furthermore, an inverse linear association was seen between the HAMD psychic and the lateral nucleus, anterior-amygdaloid-regions, transition, and whole amygdala. The findings of this study suggest that the severity of MD and some symptoms of MD are associated with right amygdala volume. There have been few reports on the relationship between MD and amygdala subregional volume, and further research is needed to accumulate more data for further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tesen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naomichi Okamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikenouchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryohei Igata
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuki Konishi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shingo Kakeda
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Reiji Yoshimura,
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9
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Internalizing-externalizing comorbidity and regional brain volumes in the ABCD study. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:1620-1633. [PMID: 36238203 PMCID: PMC9555230 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite nonoverlapping diagnostic criteria, internalizing and externalizing disorders show substantial comorbidity. This comorbidity is attributable, at least in part, to transdiagnostic neuroaffective mechanisms. Both unipolar depression and externalizing disorders are characterized by structural and functional compromises in the striatum and its projections to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and other frontal regions. Smaller volumes and dampened reward responding in these regions are associated with anhedonia and irritability - mood states that cut across the internalizing and externalizing spectra. In contrast, smaller amygdala volumes and dampened amygdala function differentiate externalizing disorders from internalizing disorders. Little is known, however, about associations between internalizing-externalizing comorbidity and brain volumes in these regions, or whether such patterns differ by sex. Using a transdiagnostic, research domain criteria (RDoC)-informed approach, we evaluate associations between heterotypic (Internalizing × Externalizing) symptom interactions and striatal, amygdalar, and ACC volumes among participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (N = 6,971, mean age 9.9 years, 51.6% female). Heterotypic symptoms were associated with ACC volumes for both sexes, over and above the main effects of internalizing and externalizing alone. However, heterotypic comorbidity was associated with larger ACC volumes for girls, but with smaller ACC volumes for boys. These findings suggest a need for further studies and transdiagnostic assessment by sex.
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10
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Volumetric alterations in subregions of the amygdala in adults with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:108-115. [PMID: 34419778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with volumetric abnormalities in the amygdala, studies investigating the association between structural alterations of the amygdala and depression have yielded varying results. Since the amygdala comprises several subregions, it is difficult to detect subtle regional changes by measuring the total amygdala volume. This study aimed to examine the volume in each amygdala subregion in adults with and without a diagnosis of MDD. METHODS A total of 147 participants with a current history of major depression and 144 healthy participants ranging in age from 19 to 64 years underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Automatic segmentation of the nine nuclei of the amygdala was performed using FreeSurfer. One-way analysis of covariance, with individual volumes as dependent variables, and age, sex, and total intracranial volume as covariates, was performed to analyze volume differences. RESULTS Patients with MDD had significantly lower volumes of the entire amygdala and subregions, including the lateral nucleus and anterior amygdaloid area, than healthy volunteers (HCs). There were no significant associations between subregion volumes and antidepressant use, illness duration, or depression severity. LIMITATIONS Our cross-sectional design cannot provide a causal relationship between the volume change in the amygdala subregion and the risk of MDD. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that specific amygdala subregions are more susceptible to volumetric alterations in patients with MDD than in HCs. These findings may advance our understanding of the neuroanatomic basis on MDD.
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11
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Lemke H, Probst S, Warneke A, Waltemate L, Winter A, Thiel K, Meinert S, Enneking V, Breuer F, Klug M, Goltermann J, Hülsmann C, Grotegerd D, Redlich R, Dohm K, Leehr EJ, Repple J, Opel N, Brosch K, Meller T, Pfarr JK, Ringwald K, Schmitt S, Stein F, Krug A, Jansen A, Nenadic I, Kircher T, Hahn T, Dannlowski U. The Course of Disease in Major Depressive Disorder Is Associated With Altered Activity of the Limbic System During Negative Emotion Processing. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 7:323-332. [PMID: 34102346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain functional alterations during emotion processing in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with healthy control subjects (HCs) are frequently reported. However, evidence for functional correlates of emotion processing with regard to MDD trajectories is scarce. This study investigates the role of lifetime disease course for limbic brain activation during negative emotional face processing in patients with MDD. METHODS In a large sample of patients with MDD (n = 333; 58.55% female) and HCs (n = 333; 60.06% female), brain activation was investigated during a negative emotional face-processing task within a cross-sectional design. Differences between HC and MDD groups were analyzed. Previous disease course, characterized by 2 components, namely hospitalization and duration of illness, was regressed on brain activation of the amygdala, (para-)hippocampus, and insula in patients with MDD. RESULTS Patients with MDD showed increased activation in the amygdala, insula, and hippocampus compared with HCs (all p values corrected for familywise error [pFWE] < .045). The hospitalization component showed negative associations with brain activation in the bilateral insula (right: pFWE = .026, left: pFWE = .019) and (para-)hippocampus (right: pFWE = .038, left: pFWE = .031). No significant association was found for the duration of illness component (all pFWE > .057). CONCLUSIONS This study investigated negative emotion processing in a large sample of patients with MDD and HCs. Our results confirm limbic hyperactivation in patients with MDD during negative emotion processing; however, this hyperactivation may resolve with a more severe lifetime disease course in the insula and (para-)hippocampus-brain regions involved in emotion processing and regulation. These findings need further replication in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lemke
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Probst
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antonia Warneke
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Enneking
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Breuer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Melissa Klug
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carina Hülsmann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Kai Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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12
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Malejko K, Tumani V, Rau V, Neumann F, Plener PL, Fegert JM, Abler B, Straub J. Neural correlates of script-driven imagery in adolescents with interpersonal traumatic experiences: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 303:111131. [PMID: 32585577 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In adults, trauma imagery has proven to be a useful tool to assess the neural mechanisms of psychological trauma processing. In adolescents, heterogeneous results could be found for other tasks, however, a trauma imagery paradigm has not been evaluated. For this purpose, we investigated a trauma imagery paradigm with control scripts to assess neural correlates of traumatic experiences in youth. 15 adolescents, who had experienced a traumatic interpersonal event in the past and have developed clinically relevant symptoms, underwent an fMRI scan while listening to their individual trauma- versus two control scripts (positive/negative). We analysed a parametric contrast of the imagery phases (trauma > negative > positive) which revealed activity in the thalamus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, cuneus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Additionally, amygdala-activity correlated positively with depression-symptom-severity. Our data provide evidence for the feasibility of fMRI during a trauma imagery task in adolescents to investigate networks previously related to hyperarousal in adults with PTSD. Further, we demonstrate the specificity of the activated networks for trauma imagery as compared to imagery of other emotional situations. The task might be particularly useful to evaluate neural correlates of treatment in adolescents when hyperarousal is a target symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Malejko
- Ulm University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm, Germany.
| | - V Tumani
- Ulm University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm, Germany
| | - V Rau
- Ulm University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm, Germany
| | - F Neumann
- Ulm University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm, Germany
| | - P L Plener
- Ulm University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm, Germany; Medical University Vienna, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vienna, Austria
| | - J M Fegert
- Ulm University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm, Germany
| | - B Abler
- Ulm University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Straub
- Ulm University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Acosta H, Kantojärvi K, Hashempour N, Pelto J, Scheinin NM, Lehtola SJ, Lewis JD, Fonov VS, Collins DL, Evans A, Parkkola R, Lähdesmäki T, Saunavaara J, Karlsson L, Merisaari H, Paunio T, Karlsson H, Tuulari JJ. Partial Support for an Interaction Between a Polygenic Risk Score for Major Depressive Disorder and Prenatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms on Infant Right Amygdalar Volumes. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6121-6134. [PMID: 32676648 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disease susceptibility partly originates prenatally and is shaped by an interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. A recent study has provided preliminary evidence that an offspring polygenic risk score for major depressive disorder (PRS-MDD), based on European ancestry, interacts with prenatal maternal depressive symptoms (GxE) on neonatal right amygdalar (US and Asian cohort) and hippocampal volumes (Asian cohort). However, to date, this GxE interplay has only been addressed by one study and is yet unknown for a European ancestry sample. We investigated in 105 Finnish mother-infant dyads (44 female, 11-54 days old) how offspring PRS-MDD interacts with prenatal maternal depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, gestational weeks 14, 24, 34) on infant amygdalar and hippocampal volumes. We found a GxE effect on right amygdalar volumes, significant in the main analysis, but nonsignificant after multiple comparison correction and some of the control analyses, whose direction paralleled the US cohort findings. Additional exploratory analyses suggested a sex-specific GxE effect on right hippocampal volumes. Our study is the first to provide support, though statistically weak, for an interplay of offspring PRS-MDD and prenatal maternal depressive symptoms on infant limbic brain volumes in a cohort matched to the PRS-MDD discovery sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Acosta
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - K Kantojärvi
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biobank Unit, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Hashempour
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - J Pelto
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - N M Scheinin
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - S J Lehtola
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - J D Lewis
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - V S Fonov
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - D L Collins
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - A Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - R Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - T Lähdesmäki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - J Saunavaara
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - L Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - H Merisaari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Center of Computational Imaging and Personalized Diagnostics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - T Paunio
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biobank Unit, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - J J Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Turku Collegium for Science and Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
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14
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Zheng JX, Ge L, Chen H, Yin X, Chen YC, Tang WW. Disruption within brain default mode network in postpartum women without depression. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20045. [PMID: 32358387 PMCID: PMC7440189 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that cognitive dysfunction is associated with neurophysiological changes in postpartum period. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) pattern within the default mode network (DMN) and its associations with cognitive dysfunction in postpartum women without depression revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Resting-state fMRI scans were acquired from 21 postpartum women and 21 age- and education-matched nulliparous women. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was selected as the seed region to detect the FC patterns and then determine whether these changes were related to specific cognitive performance.Compared with the nulliparous women, postpartum women had a significantly decreased FC between the PCC and the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). After correcting for age and education, the reduced FC between the PCC and the left mPFC was positively correlated with the poorer Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) scores in postpartum women (r = 0.742, P < .001).The present study mainly demonstrated decreased resting-state FC pattern within the DMN regions that was linked with impaired cognitive function in postpartum women. These findings illustrated the potential role of the DMN in postpartum women that will provide novel insight into the underlying neuropathological mechanisms in postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lili Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Huiyou Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Beauchaine TP, Tackett JL. Irritability as a Transdiagnostic Vulnerability Trait:Current Issues and Future Directions. Behav Ther 2020; 51:350-364. [PMID: 32138943 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, irritability has received increasing attention among mental health professionals given its transdiagnostic associations with diverse forms of psychopathology. In contrast to other emotional states and traits, however, literature addressing associations between irritability and related temperament and personality constructs is limited. In addition, those who study irritability have diverse perspectives on its neurobiological substrates. In this comment, we situate irritability in the literatures on child temperament and adult personality, and describe a model in which irritability derives from low tonic dopamine (DA) levels and low phasic DA reactivity in subcortical neural structures implicated in appetitive responding. We note that different findings often emerge in neuroimaging studies when irritability is assessed in circumscribed diagnostic groups versus representative samples. We conclude with directions for future research, and propose that more authors use hierarchical Bayesian modeling, which captures functional dependencies between irritability and other dispositional traits (e.g., trait anxiety) that standard regression models are insensitive too. Treatment implications are also considered.
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16
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Long X, Kar P, Gibbard B, Tortorelli C, Lebel C. The brain's functional connectome in young children with prenatal alcohol exposure. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:102082. [PMID: 31795047 PMCID: PMC6889793 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can lead to altered brain function and structure, as well as lifelong cognitive, behavioral, and mental health difficulties. Previous research has shown reduced brain network efficiency in older children and adolescents with PAE, but no imaging studies have examined brain differences in young children with PAE, at an age when cognitive and behavioral problems often first become apparent. The present study aimed to investigate the brain's functional connectome in young children with PAE using passive viewing fMRI. We analyzed 34 datasets from 26 children with PAE aged 2-7 years and 215 datasets from 87 unexposed typically-developing children in the same age range. The whole brain functional connectome was constructed using functional connectivity analysis across 90 regions for each dataset. We examined intra- and inter-participant stability of the functional connectome, graph theoretical measurements, and their correlations with age. Children with PAE had similar inter- and intra-participant stability to controls. However, children with PAE, but not controls, showed increasing intra-participant stability with age, suggesting a lack of variability of intrinsic brain activity over time. Inter-participant stability increased with age in controls but not in children with PAE, indicating more variability of brain function across the PAE population. Global graph metrics were similar between children with PAE and controls, in line with previous studies in older children. This study characterizes the functional connectome in young children with PAE for the first time, suggesting that the increased brain variability seen in older children develops early in childhood, when participants with PAE fail to show the expected age-related increases in inter-individual stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Long
- Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary T3B6A8, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Canada
| | - Preeti Kar
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Canada
| | - Ben Gibbard
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Catherine Lebel
- Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary T3B6A8, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Canada.
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17
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Redlich R, Schneider I, Kerkenberg N, Opel N, Bauhaus J, Enneking V, Repple J, Leehr EJ, Grotegerd D, Kähler C, Förster K, Dohm K, Meinert S, Hahn T, Kugel H, Schwarte K, Schettler C, Domschke K, Arolt V, Heindel W, Baune BT, Zhang W, Hohoff C, Dannlowski U. The role of BDNF methylation and Val 66 Met in amygdala reactivity during emotion processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:594-604. [PMID: 31617281 PMCID: PMC7268057 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene have been associated with psychiatric disorders in humans and with differences in amygdala BDNF mRNA levels in rodents. This human study aimed to investigate the relationship between the functional BDNF-Val66 Met polymorphism, its surrounding DNA methylation in BDNF exon IX, amygdala reactivity to emotional faces, and personality traits. Healthy controls (HC, n = 189) underwent functional MRI during an emotional face-matching task. Harm avoidance, novelty seeking and reward dependence were measured using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). Individual BDNF methylation profiles were ascertained and associated with several BDNF single nucleotide polymorphisms surrounding the BDNF-Val66 Met, amygdala reactivity, novelty seeking and harm avoidance. Higher BDNF methylation was associated with higher amygdala reactivity (x = 34, y = 0, z = -26, t(166) = 3.00, TFCE = 42.39, p(FWE) = .045), whereby the BDNF-Val66 Met genotype per se did not show any significant association with brain function. Furthermore, novelty seeking was negatively associated with BDNF methylation (r = -.19, p = .015) and amygdala reactivity (r = -.17, p = .028), while harm avoidance showed a trend for a positive association with BDNF methylation (r = .14, p = .066). The study provides first insights into the relationship among BDNF methylation, BDNF genotype, amygdala reactivity and personality traits in humans, highlighting the multidimensional relations among genetics, epigenetics, and neuronal functions. The present study suggests a possible involvement of epigenetic BDNF modifications in psychiatric disorders and related brain functions, whereby high BDNF methylation might reduce BDNF mRNA expression and upregulate amygdala reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ilona Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonas Bauhaus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Enneking
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Claas Kähler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christa Hohoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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18
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Morgan JK, Silk JS, Woods BK, Forbes EE. Differential neural responding to affective stimuli in 6- to 8-year old children at high familial risk for depression: Associations with behavioral reward seeking. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:445-453. [PMID: 31310906 PMCID: PMC6711822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children of depressed parents are at increased risk for psychopathology. One putative mechanism of risk appears to be altered processing of emotion-related stimuli. Although prior work has evaluated how adolescent offspring of depressed parents may show blunted reward processing compared to low-risk youth, there has been less attention to how young children with this familial history may differ from their peers during middle childhood, a period of critical socio-affective development METHOD: The current study evaluated 56 emotionally healthy 6-to 8-year children who were deemed at high-risk (n = 25) or low-risk (n = 31) for depression based on maternal history of depression. Children completed a behavioral reward seeking task in the laboratory and an fMRI paradigm assessing neural response to happy faces, a social reward. RESULTS Findings demonstrated that high-risk children showed blunted responding to happy faces in the dorsal striatum compared to low-risk children. Further, lower responding in the dorsal striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was related to lower behavioral reward seeking, but only in high-risk children. CONCLUSION Function within neural reward regions may be altered in high-risk offspring as young as 6- to 8-years of age. Further, neural reward responding may be linked to lower behavioral response to obtain reward in these high-risk offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | | | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States
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19
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VanTieghem MR, Tottenham N. Neurobiological Programming of Early Life Stress: Functional Development of Amygdala-Prefrontal Circuitry and Vulnerability for Stress-Related Psychopathology. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 38:117-136. [PMID: 28439771 PMCID: PMC5940575 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early adverse experiences are associated with heighted vulnerability for stress-related psychopathology across the lifespan. While extensive work has investigated the effects of early adversity on neurobiology in adulthood, developmental approaches can provide further insight on the neurobiological mechanisms that link early experiences and long-term mental health outcomes. In the current review, we discuss the role of emotion regulation circuitry implicated in stress-related psychopathology from a developmental and transdiagnostic perspective. We highlight converging evidence suggesting that multiple forms of early adverse experiences impact the functional development of amygdala-prefrontal circuitry. Next, we discuss how adversity-induced alterations in amygdala-prefrontal development are associated with symptoms of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology. Additionally, we discuss potential mechanisms through which protective factors may buffer the effects of early adversity on amygdala-prefrontal development to confer more adaptive long-term outcomes. Finally, we consider limitations of the existing literature and make suggestions for future longitudinal and translational research that can better elucidate the mechanisms linking early adversity, neurobiology, and emotional phenotypes. Together, these findings may provide further insight into the neuro-developmental mechanisms underlying the emergence of adversity-related emotional disorders and facilitate the development of targeted interventions that can ameliorate risk for psychopathology in youth exposed to early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R VanTieghem
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 406 Schermerhorn Hall, 1990 Amsterdam Ave, MC 5501, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 406 Schermerhorn Hall, 1990 Amsterdam Ave, MC 5501, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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20
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Wang Q, Poh JS, Wen DJ, Broekman BFP, Chong YS, Yap F, Shek LP, Gluckman PD, Fortier MV, Qiu A. Functional and structural networks of lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex as potential neural pathways for depression in childhood. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:365-374. [PMID: 30597677 DOI: 10.1002/da.22874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence suggests that the lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortices (lOFC and mOFC) may contribute distinct neural mechanisms in depression. This study investigated the relations of their functional and structural organizations with postnatal maternal depressive symptoms in young children. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and structural magnetic resonance imaging were acquired in children at age 4 (n = 199) and 6 years (n = 234). Child's withdrawal behavior problems were assessed using Child's Behavior Checklist. RESULTS In 4-year-old girls, postnatal maternal depressive symptoms were positively associated with the lOFC functional connectivity with the visual network but negatively with the cognitive control network. The lOFC functional connectivity with the visual network and cerebellum, which was influenced by postnatal maternal depressive symptoms, was also associated with child's withdrawal behavior problems in 6-year-old girls. Moreover, postnatal maternal depressive symptoms were also negatively associated with the mOFC functional connectivity with the cognitive control and motor networks in 4-year-old girls. Furthermore, postnatal maternal depressive symptoms influenced the structural connectivity of left mOFC with the right middle frontal cortex and left inferior temporal cortex in 4-year-old girls. Unlike girls, boys showed that postnatal maternal depressive symptoms selectively impacted the mOFC functional connectivity with the memory system at age 6 years. CONCLUSION Our study provided novel evidence on the distinct neural mechanisms of the lOFC and mOFC structural and functional organizations for intergenerational transmission of maternal depression to the offspring. Boys and girls may potentially employ different neural mechanisms to adapt to maternal environment at different timings of early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Imaging Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joann S Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Imaging Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel J Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Imaging Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore.,Department of Psychiatry, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Pediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Imaging Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
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21
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Benau EM, Hill KE, Atchley RA, O'Hare AJ, Gibson LJ, Hajcak G, Ilardi SS, Foti D. Increased neural sensitivity to self-relevant stimuli in major depressive disorder. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13345. [PMID: 30793773 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The current research examined how individuals with depression process emotional, self-relevant stimuli. Across two studies, individuals with depression and healthy controls read stimuli that varied in self-relevance while EEG data were recorded. We examined the late positive potential (LPP), an ERP component that captures the dynamic allocation of attention to motivationally salient stimuli. In Study 1, participants read single words in a passive-viewing task. Participants viewed negative, positive, or neutral words that were either normative or self-generated. Exploratory analyses indicated that participants with depression exhibited affective modulation of the LPP for self-generated stimuli only (both positive and negative) and not for normative stimuli; healthy controls exhibited similar affective modulation of the LPP for both self-relevant and normative stimuli. In Study 2, using a separate sample and a different task, stimuli were provided within the context of sentence stems referring to the self or other people. Participants with depression were more likely to endorse negative self-referent sentences and reject positive ones compared to healthy controls. Depressed participants also exhibited an increased LPP to negative stimuli compared to positive or neutral stimuli. Together, these two studies suggest that depression is characterized by relatively increased sensitivity to affective self-relevant stimuli, perhaps in the context of a broader reduction in emotional reactivity to stimuli that are not self-relevant. Thus, depression may be characterized by a more nuanced pattern based on the degree of stimulus self-relevance than either a global decrease or increase in reactivity to affective stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Benau
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Kaylin E Hill
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ruth Ann Atchley
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Aminda J O'Hare
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts
| | - Linzi J Gibson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Department of Psychology, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology and Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Stephen S Ilardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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22
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Luby JL, Barch DM, Whalen D, Tillman R, Freedland KE. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Parent-Child Psychotherapy Targeting Emotion Development for Early Childhood Depression. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:1102-1110. [PMID: 29921144 PMCID: PMC6309340 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical depression in children as young as age 3 has been validated, and prevalence rates are similar to the school-age disorder. Homotypic continuity between early and later childhood depression has been observed, with alterations in brain function and structure similar to those reported in depressed adults. These findings highlight the importance of identifying and treating depression as early as developmentally possible, given the relative treatment resistance and small effect sizes for treatments later in life. The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial of a dyadic parent-child psycho-therapy for early childhood depression that focuses on enhancing the child's emotional competence and emotion regulation. METHOD A modified version of the empirically tested parent-child interaction therapy with a novel "emotion development" module (PCIT-ED) was compared with a waiting list condition in a randomized controlled trial in 229 parent-child dyads with children 3-6.11 years of age. Both study arms lasted 18 weeks. RESULTS Children in the PCIT-ED group had lower rates of depression (primary outcome), lower depression severity, and lower impairment compared with those in the waiting list condition (Cohen's d values, >1.0). Measures of child emotional functioning and parenting stress and depression were significantly improved in the PCIT-ED group. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this randomized controlled trial of a parent-child psychotherapy for early childhood depression suggest that earlier identification and intervention in this chronic and relapsing disorder represents a key new pathway for more effective treatment. Manualized PCIT-ED, administered by master's-level clinicians, is feasible for delivery in community health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan L. Luby
- From the Department of Psychiatry, the Department of Radiology, and the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- From the Department of Psychiatry, the Department of Radiology, and the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Diana Whalen
- From the Department of Psychiatry, the Department of Radiology, and the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- From the Department of Psychiatry, the Department of Radiology, and the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Kenneth E. Freedland
- From the Department of Psychiatry, the Department of Radiology, and the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
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Barendse MEA, Simmons JG, Byrne ML, Patton G, Mundy L, Olsson CA, Seal ML, Allen NB, Whittle S. Associations between adrenarcheal hormones, amygdala functional connectivity and anxiety symptoms in children. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 97:156-163. [PMID: 30036793 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transition from childhood to adolescence is a vulnerable period for the development of anxiety symptoms. There is some evidence that hormonal changes occurring during adrenarche, an early pubertal phase, might play a role in this increased vulnerability. Little is known about underlying brain mechanisms. Given the role of the amygdala-based fear circuit in anxiety, the current study aimed to investigate whether children's adrenarcheal hormone levels were associated with functional connectivity of the amygdala while processing fearful facial expressions, and how this in turn related to anxiety symptoms. METHOD Participants were 83 children (M age 9.53 years) who completed two morning saliva collections to measure levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulphate (DHEAS), and testosterone. They also completed the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), and viewed fearful and calm facial expressions while undergoing a functional MRI scan. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses were performed to examine amygdala connectivity and significant clusters were fed into a bootstrapping mediation model. RESULTS In boys, mediation analyses showed an indirect positive effect of testosterone on anxiety symptoms, which was mediated by amygdala-secondary visual cortex connectivity as well as amygdala-anterior cingulate connectivity. In girls, DHEAS showed a negative indirect association with anxiety symptoms mediated by amygdala connectivity to the fusiform face area and insula. CONCLUSION The results indicate unique roles for adrenarcheal hormones in anxiety and suggest that amygdala connectivity may represent an important neural mechanism in these associations. Importantly, results reveal prominent sex differences in the biological mechanisms associated with anxiety in children undergoing adrenarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein E A Barendse
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - George Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Mundy
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc L Seal
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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24
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Disrupted functional connectivity of the amygdala is associated with depressive mood in type 2 diabetes patients. J Affect Disord 2018; 228:207-215. [PMID: 29272791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and mood disorders share pathophysiological commonalities in the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the alterations in amygdala-based emotional processing circuits in T2DM patients with depressive mood using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). METHODS T2DM patients with depressive mood (n = 25), T2DM patients without depressive mood (n = 28) and matched healthy controls (n = 25) underwent neuropsychological testing and rs-fMRI scanning. A seed-based correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the altered functional connectivity (FC) of the amygdala. The bilateral amygdala FC was compared among the three groups. Pearson correlation analyses were performed in a voxel-wise manner to investigate the relationship between amygdala FC and the clinical characteristics. RESULTS The depressed T2DM patients exhibited the worst performance on the neuropsychological tests among the three groups. Compared to the non-depressed T2DM patients, the depressed T2DM patients showed decreased amygdala FC in the cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and precentral gyrus. Moreover, the amygdala FC in the cingulate cortex was associated with the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score in the T2DM patients. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS The current study revealed the cognitive changes and alterations in the amygdala-cingulate functional disconnections in T2DM patients with depressive mood, which will advance the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying depression in T2DM patients.
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25
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Qiu A, Shen M, Buss C, Chong YS, Kwek K, Saw SM, Gluckman PD, Wadhwa PD, Entringer S, Styner M, Karnani N, Heim CM, O'Donnell KJ, Holbrook JD, Fortier MV, Meaney MJ. Effects of Antenatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Socio-Economic Status on Neonatal Brain Development are Modulated by Genetic Risk. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3080-3092. [PMID: 28334351 PMCID: PMC6057508 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study included 168 and 85 mother–infant dyads from Asian and United States of America cohorts to examine whether a genomic profile risk score for major depressive disorder (GPRSMDD) moderates the association between antenatal maternal depressive symptoms (or socio-economic status, SES) and fetal neurodevelopment, and to identify candidate biological processes underlying such association. Both cohorts showed a significant interaction between antenatal maternal depressive symptoms and infant GPRSMDD on the right amygdala volume. The Asian cohort also showed such interaction on the right hippocampal volume and shape, thickness of the orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Likewise, a significant interaction between SES and infant GPRSMDD was on the right amygdala and hippocampal volumes and shapes. After controlling for each other, the interaction effect of antenatal maternal depressive symptoms and GPRSMDD was mainly shown on the right amygdala, while the interaction effect of SES and GPRSMDD was mainly shown on the right hippocampus. Bioinformatic analyses suggested neurotransmitter/neurotrophic signaling, SNAp REceptor complex, and glutamate receptor activity as common biological processes underlying the influence of antenatal maternal depressive symptoms on fetal cortico-limbic development. These findings suggest gene–environment interdependence in the fetal development of brain regions implicated in cognitive–emotional function. Candidate biological mechanisms involve a range of brain region-specific signaling pathways that converge on common processes of synaptic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Imaging Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Mojun Shen
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Claudia Buss
- Departent of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.,Development, Health and Disease Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Kwek
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Departent of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.,Development, Health and Disease Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Christine M Heim
- Departent of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal H4H 1R3, Canada.,Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montréal H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal H4H 1R3, Canada.,Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montréal H4H 1R3, Canada
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26
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Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy are associated with amygdala hyperresponsivity in children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:57-64. [PMID: 28667426 PMCID: PMC5799325 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Depression during pregnancy is highly prevalent and has a multitude of potential risks of the offspring. Among confirmed consequences is a higher risk of psychopathology. However, it is unknown how maternal depression may impact the child's brain to mediate this vulnerability. Here we studied amygdala functioning, using task-based functional MRI, in children aged 6-9 years as a function of prenatal maternal depressive symptoms selected from a prospective population-based sample (The Generation R Study). We show that children exposed to clinically relevant maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy (N = 19) have increased amygdala responses to negative emotional faces compared to control children (N = 20) [F(1,36) 7.02, p = 0.022]. Strikingly, postnatal maternal depressive symptoms, obtained at 3 years after birth, did not explain this relation. Our findings are in line with a model in which prenatal depressive symptoms of the mother are associated with amygdala hyperresponsivity in her offspring, which may represent a risk factor for later-life psychopathology.
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27
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Cowan CSM, Hoban AE, Ventura-Silva AP, Dinan TG, Clarke G, Cryan JF. Gutsy Moves: The Amygdala as a Critical Node in Microbiota to Brain Signaling. Bioessays 2017; 40. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan E. Hoban
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | | | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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28
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Chen YC, Bo F, Xia W, Liu S, Wang P, Su W, Xu JJ, Xiong Z, Yin X. Amygdala functional disconnection with the prefrontal-cingulate-temporal circuit in chronic tinnitus patients with depressive mood. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:249-257. [PMID: 28689008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic tinnitus is often accompanied with depressive symptom, which may arise from aberrant functional coupling between the amygdala and cerebral cortex. To explore this hypothesis, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the disrupted amygdala-cortical functional connectivity (FC) in chronic tinnitus patients with depressive mood. Chronic tinnitus patients with depressive mood (n=20), without depressive mood (n=20), and well-matched healthy controls (n=23) underwent resting-state fMRI scanning. Amygdala-cortical FC was characterized using a seed-based whole-brain correlation method. The bilateral amygdala FC was compared among the three groups. Compared to non-depressed patients, depressive tinnitus patients showed decreased amygdala FC with the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex as well as increased amygdala FC with the postcentral gyrus and lingual gyrus. Relative to healthy controls, depressive tinnitus patients revealed decreased amygdala FC with the superior and middle temporal gyrus, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex, as well as increased amygdala FC with the postcentral gyrus and lingual gyrus. The current study identified for the first time abnormal resting-state amygdala-cortical FC with the prefrontal-cingulate-temporal circuit in chronic tinnitus patients with depressive mood, which will provide novel insight into the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of tinnitus-induced depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fan Bo
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenghua Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Jing Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiong
- Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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29
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Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: Current and future directions. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:927-946. [PMID: 27739387 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In response to rapidly growing rates of comorbidity among psychiatric disorders, clinical scientists have become interested in identifying transdiagnostic processes that can help explain dysfunction across diagnostic categories (e.g., Kring & Sloan, 2009). One factor that has received a great deal of attention is that of emotion regulation, namely, the ability to modulate the intensity and/or duration of emotional states (e.g., Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995; Gross, 1998). Recent theoretical and empirical work has begun to emphasize the role that emotion regulation plays in the temporal comorbidity between internalizing and externalizing conditions (e.g., Aldao & De Los Reyes, 2015; De Los Reyes & Aldao, 2015; Drabick & Kendall, 2010; Jarrett & Ollendick, 2008; Patrick & Hajcak, 2016). However, close inspection of this work reveals two very pertinent areas of growth: (a) this literature is characterized by mixed findings that are likely explained, in part, by methodological heterogeneity; and (b) emotion regulation tends to be studied in relatively narrow terms. To address these issues, we provide a series of recommendations for facilitating cross-study comparisons and leveraging multifaceted approaches to studying emotion regulation processes within a developmental psychopathology framework. We hope that our perspective can enhance the organization and growth of this very important area of inquiry, and ultimately result in more effective prevention and treatment programs.
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30
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Xu LY, Xu FC, Liu C, Ji YF, Wu JM, Wang Y, Wang HB, Yu YQ. Relationship between cerebellar structure and emotional memory in depression. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00738. [PMID: 28729943 PMCID: PMC5516611 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few studies have been conducted on the relationship between cerebellar volume and emotional memory or clinical severity in major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we aimed to compare the volume and density of the cerebellar gray matter (GM) in patients with MDD and in healthy controls (HCs) and explore the association between these cerebellar parameters and measurements of emotional memory and clinical severity. METHOD Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and Individual Brain Atlases using Statistical Parametric Mapping (IBASPM) were used to assess GM density and volume in the cerebellum, respectively, in patients with MDD and the HCs. Indicators of emotional memory performance were measured, including the hit rate (HR), rate of false alarm (FA), precision (Pr = HR - FA) and emotional memory enhancement [∆Pr = Pr(emotion) - Pr(neutral)] values. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were used to measure the severity of depression. RESULTS In the patients with MDD, the GM density was decreased in three cerebellar cortical regions and increased in three cerebellar cortical regions (p < .005). The GM volumes in eight cerebellar cortical regions were significantly smaller in the patients with MDD than in the HC subjects (p < .05). In the patients with MDD, the GM volume was correlated with the ∆Pr (p < .05) in two cerebellar cortical regions. The BDI scores were significantly correlated with the relative GM densities (p < .05) in 5 cerebellar cortical regions, and the GM volumes in 13 cerebellar cortical regions were correlated with the BDI scores in patients with MDD. CONCLUSIONS Emotional memory and the severity of depressive symptoms are associated with structural changes in both the posterior and anterior GM regions in the cerebellum in patients with MDD. These findings could be useful for improving our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying emotional memory and explaining the abnormalities of the neural correlates that are associated with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Xu
- Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Fang-Cheng Xu
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Yi-Fu Ji
- The Centre of Anhui Mental Health and The Fourth Hospital of Hefei Hefei China
| | - Jin-Min Wu
- Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Hai-Bao Wang
- Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Yong-Qiang Yu
- Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
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31
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Abstract
This article reviews recent empirical literature on the prevalence, correlates, assessment, and treatment of preschool-onset internalizing disorders. Major advances in the acceptance and recognition of both preschool-onset depression and anxiety have occurred over the past decade. This work has been greatly enhanced by the discovery of genetic, neural, and physiologic indicators, which further validate these constellations of symptoms in young children. Despite this growth in research, much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the cause, risk, treatment, and protective factors for preschool-onset internalizing disorders.
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Abstract
More than 10% of young children experience clinically significant mental health problems, with rates of impairment and persistence comparable to those seen in older children. For many of these clinical disorders, effective treatments supported by rigorous data are available. On the other hand, rigorous support for psychopharmacologic interventions is limited to 2 large randomized controlled trials. Access to psychotherapeutic interventions is limited. The pediatrician has a critical role as the leader of the medical home to promote well-being that includes emotional, behavioral, and relationship health. To be effective in this role, pediatricians promote the use of safe and effective treatments and recognize the limitations of psychopharmacologic interventions. This technical report reviews the data supporting treatments for young children with emotional, behavioral, and relationship problems and supports the policy statement of the same name.
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Abstract
Emotional, behavioral, and relationship problems can develop in very young children, especially those living in high-risk families or communities. These early problems interfere with the normative activities of young children and their families and predict long-lasting problems across multiple domains. A growing evidence base demonstrates the efficacy of specific family-focused therapies in reducing the symptoms of emotional, behavioral, and relationship symptoms, with effects lasting years after the therapy has ended. Pediatricians are usually the primary health care providers for children with emotional or behavioral difficulties, and awareness of emerging research about evidence-based treatments will enhance this care. In most communities, access to these interventions is insufficient. Pediatricians can improve the care of young children with emotional, behavioral, and relationship problems by calling for the following: increased access to care; increased research identifying alternative approaches, including primary care delivery of treatments; adequate payment for pediatric providers who serve these young children; and improved education for pediatric providers about the principles of evidence-based interventions.
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34
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Mothersill O, Donohoe G. Neural effects of social environmental stress - an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2015-2023. [PMID: 27216635 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social environmental stress, including childhood abuse and deprivation, is associated with increased rates of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. However, the neural mechanisms mediating risk are not completely understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported effects of social environmental stress on a variety of brain regions, but interpretation of results is complicated by the variety of environmental risk factors examined and different methods employed. METHOD We examined brain regions consistently showing differences in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in individuals exposed to higher levels of environmental stress by performing a coordinate-based meta-analysis on 54 functional MRI studies using activation likelihood estimation (ALE), including an overall sample of 3044 participants. We performed separate ALE analyses on studies examining adults (mean age ⩾18 years) and children/adolescents (mean age <18 years) and a contrast analysis comparing the two types of study. RESULTS Across both adult and children/adolescent studies, ALE meta-analysis revealed several clusters in which differences in BOLD response were associated with social environmental stress across multiple studies. These clusters incorporated several brain regions, among which the right amygdala was most frequently implicated. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a variety of social environmental stressors is associated with differences in the BOLD response of specific brain regions such as the right amygdala in both children/adolescents and adults. What remains unknown is whether these environmental stressors have differential effects on treatment response in these brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Mothersill
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group,Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) Centre & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway,Galway,Republic of Ireland
| | - G Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group,Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) Centre & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway,Galway,Republic of Ireland
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35
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Cremone A, Kurdziel LBF, Fraticelli-Torres A, McDermott JM, Spencer RMC. Napping reduces emotional attention bias during early childhood. Dev Sci 2016; 20. [PMID: 27287732 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep loss alters processing of emotional stimuli in preschool-aged children. However, the mechanism by which sleep modifies emotional processing in early childhood is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a nap, compared to an equivalent time spent awake, reduces biases in attention allocation to affective information. Children (n = 43; M = 55.40 months, SD = 8.05 months) completed a Dot Probe task, which provides a measure of attention biases to emotional stimuli, following a mid-day nap and an equivalent interval spent awake. No emotional attention biases emerged when children napped. However, when nap-deprived, children exhibited biases towards negative and positive stimuli. This emotional bias after wake was greater in children who napped habitually. Gender differences also emerged such that females were more attentive to positive emotional stimuli whereas males showed heightened attention to negative emotional stimuli, regardless of having napped or not. Moreover, greater slow wave activity (SWA) during the nap was associated with faster responding, which suggests that SWA may promote efficiency of attention allocation. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JIoZ8mzxQgg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cremone
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Laura B F Kurdziel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | | | - Jennifer M McDermott
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Rebecca M C Spencer
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst
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36
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Whalen DJ, Belden AC, Barch D, Luby J. Emotion Awareness Predicts Body Mass Index Percentile Trajectories in Youth. J Pediatr 2015; 167:821-828.e4. [PMID: 26227437 PMCID: PMC4586388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the rate of change in body mass index (BMI) percentile across 3 years in relation to emotion identification ability and brain-based reactivity in emotional processing regions. STUDY DESIGN A longitudinal sample of 202 youths completed 3 functional magnetic resonance imaging-based facial processing tasks and behavioral emotion differentiation tasks. We examined the rate of change in the youth's BMI percentile as a function of reactivity in emotional processing brain regions and behavioral emotion identification tasks using multilevel modeling. RESULTS Lower correct identification of both happiness and sadness measured behaviorally predicted increases in BMI percentile across development, whereas higher correct identification of both happiness and sadness predicted decreases in BMI percentile, while controlling for children's pubertal status, sex, ethnicity, IQ score, exposure to antipsychotic medication, family income-to-needs ratio, and externalizing, internalizing, and depressive symptoms. Greater neural activation in emotional reactivity regions to sad faces also predicted increases in BMI percentile during development, also controlling for the aforementioned covariates. CONCLUSION Our findings provide longitudinal developmental data demonstrating links between both emotion identification ability and greater neural reactivity in emotional processing regions with trajectories of BMI percentiles across childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J. Whalen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Andrew C. Belden
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Deanna Barch
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry,Washington University, Department of Psychology
| | - Joan Luby
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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37
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Huang P, Xuan M, Gu Q, Yu X, Xu X, Luo W, Zhang M. Abnormal amygdala function in Parkinson's disease patients and its relationship to depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 183:263-8. [PMID: 26042728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common occurrence in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, there may be a common neural mechanism underlying the two diseases. Lewy body accumulation in specific brain areas of PD patients may damage emotion-related functions, leading to depression. Among these areas, the amygdala may present with the earliest to be damaged in PD. However, it is still unclear whether amygdala structural and functional changes are related to depression in PD. We enrolled 19 depressed PD patients, 19 non-depressed PD patients, and 28 normal control subjects. Clinical assessment, including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and the Mini-Mental State Examination, was carried out on all the patients. Structural and resting-state functional brain images were also acquired to assess volumetric and functional changes of the amygdala in the patients. Results showed that although there is no significant volume change, left amygdala activity increased in the PD group compared with the normal control group, and it correlated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the right amygdala and fronto-parietal areas was found to be decreased in the depressed PD patients compared with non-depressed PD patients. These results suggest that abnormal amygdala function may underlie the occurrence of depression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Min Xuan
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Quanquan Gu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
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Brain-behavior relationships in the experience and regulation of negative emotion in healthy children: implications for risk for childhood depression. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 26:1289-303. [PMID: 25422962 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414001035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional alterations in a variety of brain regions have been associated with depression and risk for depression across the life span. A majority of these regions are associated with emotion reactivity and/or regulation. However, it is generally unclear what mechanistic role these alterations play in the etiology of depression. A first step toward understanding this is to characterize the relationships between variation in brain structure/function and individual differences in depression severity and related processes, particularly emotion regulation. To this end, the current study examines how brain structure and function predict concurrent and longitudinal measures of depression symptomology and emotion regulation skills in psychiatrically healthy school-age children (N = 60). Specifically, we found that smaller hippocampus volumes and greater responses to sad faces in emotion reactivity regions predict increased depressive symptoms at the time of scan, whereas larger amygdala volumes, smaller insula volumes, and greater responses in emotion reactivity regions predict decreased emotion regulation skills. In addition, larger insula volumes predict improvements in emotion regulation skills even after accounting for emotion regulation at the time of scan. Understanding brain-behavior relationships in psychiatrically healthy samples, especially early in development, will help inform normative developmental trajectories and neural alterations in depression and other affective pathology.
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Whittle S, Simmons JG, Byrne ML, Strikwerda-Brown C, Kerestes R, Seal ML, Olsson CA, Dudgeon P, Mundy LK, Patton GC, Allen NB. Associations between early adrenarche, affective brain function and mental health in children. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 10:1282-90. [PMID: 25678548 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early timing of adrenarche, associated with relatively high levels of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in children, has been associated with mental health and behavioral problems. However, little is known about effects of adreneracheal timing on brain function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of early adrenarche (defined by high DHEA levels independent of age) on affective brain function and symptoms of psychopathology in late childhood (N = 83, 43 females, M age 9.53 years, s.d. 0.34 years). Results showed that higher DHEA levels were associated with decreased affect-related brain activity (i) in the mid-cingulate cortex in the whole sample, and (ii) in a number of cortical and subcortical regions in female but not male children. Higher DHEA levels were also associated with increased externalizing symptoms in females, an association that was partly mediated by posterior insula activation to happy facial expressions. These results suggest that timing of adrenarche is an important moderator of affect-related brain function, and that this may be one mechanism linking early adrenarche to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle L Byrne
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cherie Strikwerda-Brown
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kerestes
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc L Seal
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Dudgeon
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa K Mundy
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia, and
| | - George C Patton
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia, and
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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Pagliaccio D, Luby JL, Bogdan R, Agrawal A, Gaffrey MS, Belden AC, Botteron KN, Harms MP, Barch DM. HPA axis genetic variation, pubertal status, and sex interact to predict amygdala and hippocampus responses to negative emotional faces in school-age children. Neuroimage 2015; 109:1-11. [PMID: 25583614 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a role for stress exposure, particularly during early life, and for variation in genes involved in stress response pathways in neural responsivity to emotional stimuli. Understanding how individual differences in these factors predict differences in emotional responsivity may be important for understanding both normative emotional development and for understanding the mechanisms underlying internalizing disorders, like anxiety and depression, that have often been related to increased amygdala and hippocampus responses to negatively valenced emotional stimuli. The present study examined whether stress exposure and genetic profile scores (10 single nucleotide polymorphisms within four hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis genes: CRHR1, NR3C2, NR3C1, and FKBP5) predict individual differences in amygdala and hippocampus responses to fearful vs. neutral faces in school-age children (7-12 year olds; N = 107). Experience of more stressful and traumatic life events predicted greater left amygdala responses to negative emotional stimuli. Genetic profile scores interacted with sex and pubertal status to predict amygdala and hippocampus responses. Specifically, genetic profile scores were a stronger predictor of amygdala and hippocampus responses among pubertal vs. prepubertal children where they positively predicted responses to fearful faces among pubertal girls and positively predicted responses to neutral faces among pubertal boys. The current results suggest that genetic and environmental stress-related factors may be important in normative individual differences in responsivity to negative emotional stimuli, a potential mechanism underlying internalizing disorders. Further, sex and pubertal development may be key moderators of the effects of stress-system genetic variation on amygdala and hippocampus responsivity, potentially relating to sex differences in stress-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pagliaccio
- The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Michael S Gaffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Andrew C Belden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Kelly N Botteron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Deanna M Barch
- The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
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Henderson SE, Vallejo AI, Ely BA, Kang G, Krain Roy A, Pine DS, Stern ER, Gabbay V. The neural correlates of emotional face-processing in adolescent depression: a dimensional approach focusing on anhedonia and illness severity. Psychiatry Res 2014; 224:234-41. [PMID: 25448398 PMCID: PMC4254639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in emotion processing, a known clinical feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), have been widely investigated using emotional face paradigms and neuroimaging. However, most studies have not accounted for the high inter-subject variability of symptom severity. Similarly, only sparse research has focused on MDD in adolescence, early in the course of the illness. Here we sought to investigate neural responses to emotional faces using both categorical and dimensional analyses with a focus on anhedonia, a core symptom of MDD associated with poor outcomes. Nineteen medication-free depressed adolescents and 18 healthy controls (HC) were scanned during presentation of happy, sad, fearful, and neutral faces. ANCOVAs and regressions assessed group differences and relationships with illness and anhedonia severity, respectively. Findings included a group by valence interaction with depressed adolescents exhibiting decreased activity in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), putamen and premotor cortex. Post-hoc analyses confirmed decreased STG activity in MDD adolescents. Dimensional analyses revealed associations between illness severity and altered responses to negative faces in prefrontal, cingulate, striatal, and limbic regions. However, anhedonia severity was uniquely correlated with responses to happy faces in the prefrontal, cingulate, and insular regions. Our work highlights the need for studying specific symptoms dimensionally in psychiatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Henderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana I Vallejo
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin A Ely
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guoxin Kang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Krain Roy
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily R Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
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Hu X, Song X, Yuan Y, Li E, Liu J, Liu W, Liu Y. Abnormal functional connectivity of the amygdala is associated with depression in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2014; 30:238-44. [PMID: 25545969 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the pathophysiology and neural basis underlying depression in PD is not well understood. Abnormal functional connectivity of the amygdala with various cortical and subcortical areas has been observed in major depressive disorder, indicating that dysfunction of the corticolimbic network may be involved in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. However, little is known about alterations of amygdala functional connectivity in depressed PD patients. In the present study, 20 depressed PD patients, 40 nondepressed PD patients, and 43 matched healthy controls underwent neuropsychological tests and resting-state functional MRI scanning. Between-group differences in amygdala functional connectivity network were examined using t tests. Compared to the nondepressed PD patients, depressed PD patients showed increased left amygdala functional connectivity with the bilateral mediodorsal thalamus, right amygdala functional connectivity with the left superior temporal gyrus, and left calcarine gyrus. Compared to the healthy controls, the depressed PD group also showed increased left amygdala functional connectivity with the bilateral mediodorsal thalamus, but decreased left amygdala functional connectivity with the left putamen, left inferior frontal gyrus, and the right cerebellum, as well as decreased right amygdala functional connectivity with the left inferior orbitofrontal gyrus, the left gyrus rectus, and the right putamen. The increased connectivity between limbic regions and decreased connectivity between the corticolimbic networks may reflect impaired high-order cortical regulatory effects on the emotion-related limbic areas, which may lead to mood dysregulation. Our study should advance the understanding of neural mechanisms underlying depression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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43
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Hall LM, Klimes-Dougan B, Hunt RH, Thomas KM, Houri A, BA EN, Mueller BA, Lim KO, Cullen KR. An fMRI study of emotional face processing in adolescent major depression. J Affect Disord 2014; 168:44-50. [PMID: 25036008 PMCID: PMC4171128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) often begins during adolescence when the brain is still maturing. To better understand the neurobiological underpinnings of MDD early in development, this study examined brain function in response to emotional faces in adolescents with MDD and healthy (HC) adolescents using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHOD Thirty-two unmedicated adolescents with MDD and 23 healthy age- and gender-matched controls completed an fMRI task viewing happy and fearful faces. Fronto-limbic regions of interest (ROI; bilateral amygdala, insula, subgenual and rostral anterior cingulate cortices) and whole-brain analyses were conducted to examine between-group differences in brain function. RESULTS ROI analyses revealed that patients had greater bilateral amygdala activity than HC in response to viewing fearful versus happy faces, which remained significant when controlling for comorbid anxiety. Whole-brain analyses revealed that adolescents with MDD had lower activation compared to HC in a right hemisphere cluster comprised of the insula, superior/middle temporal gyrus, and Heschl׳s gyrus when viewing fearful faces. Brain activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex was inversely correlated with depression severity. LIMITATIONS Limitations include a cross-sectional design with a modest sample size and use of a limited range of emotional stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Results replicate previous studies that suggest emotion processing in adolescent MDD is associated with abnormalities within fronto-limbic brain regions. Findings implicate elevated amygdalar arousal to negative stimuli in adolescents with depression and provide new evidence for a deficit in functioning of the saliency network, which may be a future target for early intervention and MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M.J. Hall
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | | | - Ruskin H. Hunt
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | | | - Alaa Houri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Emily Noack BA
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | | | - Kelvin O. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
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Chen YT, Huang MW, Hung IC, Lane HY, Hou CJ. Right and left amygdalae activation in patients with major depression receiving antidepressant treatment, as revealed by fMRI. Behav Brain Funct 2014; 10:36. [PMID: 25298173 PMCID: PMC4282198 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A differential contribution of the right and left amygdalae to affective information processing has been proposed. However, the direction of this lateralization has not been confirmed. In this study, we used a pre- and post-treatment (escitalopram) design to analyze the relative differences between neural activity in the right and left amygdalae during exposure to emotional stimuli in currently depressed patients. To the best of our knowledge, this study is to compare neural activity between the left and right amygdalae in people with depression. Our findings could lead to the development of parameters or biomarkers for depressive symptoms and treatment response. Methods We used a pre–post-test design without a control group. Twenty currently depressed participants underwent an emotion processing task during fMRI. These participants were then treated with an antidepressant for 6 weeks. We used amygdala region-of-interest analysis to evaluate the hemodynamic response during exposure to colored emotional pictures. Results In total, thirteen of the 20 participants were placed into a separate group based on degree of response to antidepressants. The partial response group had an averaged HDRS score of 10.75 ± 2.25 and an averaged DBOLDLR signal of 189.18 ± 140.23 (m1 = 8), and the remitted group had an averaged HDRS score of 4.80 ± 1.64 and an averaged DBOLDLR signal of 421.26 ± 109.19 (m2 = 5). Each individual had lateralized amygdala activity, and the direction of asymmetry persisted following treatment. Amygdala responses to four types of emotional stimuli did not significantly change (p > 0.05) with treatment in either the right or the left amygdala. However, the difference in neural activity between the right and left amygdalae was greater after treatment, and the variation in neural activity was larger in the left amygdala. Conclusions We found that the response between the right and left amygdala did not differ in terms of time series, although activity increased after pharmaceutical treatment for each emotion tested. In the future, changes in BOLD signals as revealed by fMRI might be useful in evaluating the clinical manifestation of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chun-Ju Hou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan.
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Kovacs M, Yaroslavsky I. Practitioner review: Dysphoria and its regulation in child and adolescent depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:741-57. [PMID: 24256499 PMCID: PMC4029932 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By emphasizing the importance of emotions, the 'affect revolution' in how human behavior is conceptualized has inspired a new generation of studies on dysphoric experience and its regulation in clinical depression, and novel efforts to characterize the precursors of affective disorders in juveniles at familial risk for depression. METHOD We review clinical, behavioral, and functional neuroimaging studies of dysphoric experience and its regulation in depressed children and adolescents, and in juvenile offspring of parents with histories of clinical depression. We discuss the implication of the literature in the context of maternal depression. RESULTS Findings confirm the high rate of clinically significant dysphoria in depressed children and adolescents and reveal notable affective lability in daily life as a function of context and activity. Findings also show that depressed youngsters have problems in attenuating dysphoria. Similarly, never-depressed offspring at familial risk for depression display problems in mood repair and impaired mood repair mechanisms. Brain neuroimaging findings indicate that, overall, depressed, and high-risk youngsters differ from never depressed controls in neural functioning (activation, connectivity) both at rest and in response to emotion triggers. CONCLUSION The evaluation of depressed youngsters should include questions about reactivity of dysphoric mood to the changing contexts of daily life and about how they manage (respond to) their own sadness and distress. The resultant information may help the clinician to restructure a young patient's day for the better and identify helpful mood repair responses. Evidence of impaired mood repair mechanisms in youngsters at high-risk for depression suggests the need for early intervention. But interventions must consider that many depressed and high-risk children have depressed mothers, who may be constrained in their ability to help offspring's emotion regulation efforts. To optimize treatment response of offspring, mothers of depressed children should therefore be routinely screened for depression and treated, as warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kovacs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Suzuki H, Luby JL, Botteron KN, Dietrich R, McAvoy MP, Barch DM. Early life stress and trauma and enhanced limbic activation to emotionally valenced faces in depressed and healthy children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 53:800-13.e10. [PMID: 24954829 PMCID: PMC4086855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have examined the relationships between structural brain characteristics and early life stress in adults. However, there is limited evidence for functional brain variation associated with early life stress in children. We hypothesized that early life stress and trauma would be associated with increased functional brain activation response to negative emotional faces in children with and without a history of depression. METHOD Psychiatric diagnosis and life events in children (starting at age 3-5 years) were assessed in a longitudinal study. A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study acquired data (N = 115 at ages 7-12, 51% girls) on functional brain response to fearful, sad, and happy faces relative to neutral faces. We used a region-of-interest mask within cortico-limbic areas and conducted regression analyses and repeated-measures analysis of covariance. RESULTS Greater activation responses to fearful, sad, and happy faces in the amygdala and its neighboring regions were found in children with greater life stress. Moreover, an association between life stress and left hippocampal and globus pallidus activity depended on children's diagnostic status. Finally, all children with greater life trauma showed greater bilateral amygdala and cingulate activity specific to sad faces but not the other emotional faces, although right amygdala activity was moderated by psychiatric status. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that limbic hyperactivity may be a biomarker of early life stress and trauma in children and may have implications in the risk trajectory for depression and other stress-related disorders. However, this pattern varied based on emotion type and history of psychopathology.
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Bogdan R, Agrawal A, Gaffrey MS, Tillman R, Luby JL. Serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events interact to predict preschool-onset depression: a replication and developmental extension. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:448-57. [PMID: 24117502 PMCID: PMC3976464 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientific enthusiasm about gene × environment interactions, spurred by the 5-HTTLPR (serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region) × SLEs (stressful life events) interaction predicting depression, have recently been tempered by sober realizations of small effects and meta-analyses reaching opposing conclusions. These mixed findings highlight the need for further research. Converging evidence suggests that the effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype may be neurodevelopmental in origin, but we are not aware of empirical studies that have investigated whether the 5-HTTLPR genotype × SLE interaction predicts preschool-onset depression (PO-MDD), the earliest validated form of depression. METHODS Children (n = 234) aged 3-5 were recruited for a longitudinal study designed to examine PO-MDD. In a comprehensive baseline assessment, the child's primary caregivers completed questionnaires and were interviewed about their child's behaviors, psychiatric symptoms, and exposure to SLEs. RESULTS A 5-HTTLPR × SLEs interaction emerged, such that children homozygous for the short allele were more susceptible to depression in the context of elevated SLE than long allele carriers. In contrast, at low SLE exposure, short allele homozygotes had fewer depressive symptoms. The data were best fit by a plasticity model with a substantial reduction in fit by diathesis-stress models. CONCLUSIONS Extending studies in adult and adolescent populations, these data suggest that 5-HTTLPR genotype may provide plasticity to environmental influence, for better or worse. Specifically, children homozygous for the short allele were more susceptible to the depressogenic effects of SLEs but benefitted, in the form of reduced depressive symptoms, in the context of relatively benign environmental conditions (i.e. relatively low SLE exposure). These data highlight the importance of examining gene × environment interactions across development, environment, and outcome but should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael S Gaffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Fuhrmann P, Equit M, Schmidt K, von Gontard A. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated developmental disorders in preschool children: a population-based study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:219-24. [PMID: 23839066 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression is an incapacitating disorder, which is often overlooked in preschool children. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of depressive symptoms and co-occurring risk factors in a large, population-based sample of preschool children. All 653 children (of a total of 731) in a defined geographical area were assessed during the school-entry exam by community care paediatricians. In addition to clinical appraisal, parents filled out the Preschool Feelings Checklist, a 16-item screening instrument with good psychometric properties. The mean age was 6.2 years (range 5.0-7.6 years) and the sample included 344 boys and 305 girls. The prevalence of depressive symptoms of clinical relevance (total score ≥3) was 5.7% (37). There were no differences between boys and girls, and between younger (<6 years) and older (>6 years) children. Depressive symptoms were associated with parental separation and comorbid behavioural problems, but especially with developmental motor and speech problems and disorders. Migration to Germany had no influence. Depressive symptoms are common in preschool children and associated with developmental problems. Depression should be considered in children with speech and motor problems who are at special risk. Early detection and treatment are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Fuhrmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, 66421, Germany
| | - Monika Equit
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, 66421, Germany
| | - Karin Schmidt
- Institute for Community Health, Kreis St. Wendel, St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Alexander von Gontard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, 66421, Germany.
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How and where: theory-of-mind in the brain. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2014; 9:68-81. [PMID: 24552989 PMCID: PMC6989753 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience has the potential to address accounts of theory-of-mind acquisition. Review of the research on the neural basis of theory-of-mind in adults and children. Future research directions include microgenetic and training fMRI studies.
Theory of mind (ToM) is a core topic in both social neuroscience and developmental psychology, yet theory and data from each field have only minimally constrained thinking in the other. The two fields might be fruitfully integrated, however, if social neuroscientists sought evidence directly relevant to current accounts of ToM development: modularity, simulation, executive, and theory theory accounts. Here we extend the distinct predictions made by each theory to the neural level, describe neuroimaging evidence that in principle would be relevant to testing each account, and discuss such evidence where it exists. We propose that it would be mutually beneficial for both fields if ToM neuroimaging studies focused more on integrating developmental accounts of ToM acquisition with neuroimaging approaches, and suggest ways this might be achieved.
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A translational neuroscience framework for the development of socioemotional functioning in health and psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2013; 25:1293-309. [DOI: 10.1017/s095457941300062x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe development of socioemotional functioning is a complex process that occurs over a protracted time period and requires coordinating affective, cognitive, and social faculties. At many points in development, the trajectory of socioemotional development can be deleteriously altered due to a combination of environmental insults and individual vulnerabilities. The result can be psychopathology. However, researchers are just beginning to understand the neural and genetic mechanisms involved in the development of healthy and disordered socioemotional functioning. We propose a translational developmental neuroscience framework to understand the transactional process that results in socioemotional functioning in both healthy and disordered populations. We then apply this framework to healthy socioemotional development, pediatric anxiety, pediatric depression, and autism spectrum disorder, selectively reviewing current literature in light of the framework. Finally, we examine ways that the framework can help to frame future directions of research on socioemotional development and translational implications for intervention.
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