1
|
Mastrantonio R, Cofini V, Mastrangeli G, Pettinaro M, Mastrodomenico M, Fabiani L. Occupational risk perception of construction workers: a cross sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1338604. [PMID: 38344228 PMCID: PMC10853437 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1338604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Construction workers are often exposed to significant injury risk. The aim of our study is to assess their occupational hazards and injury risk perception. Methods We administered 256 questionnaires to construction workers. The survey was aimed at collecting information regarding occupational risk and hazard exposure perception, risk control and behavioral self-assessment. We analyzed the data obtained in order to highlight any associations between injury risk perception and anamnestic, occupational, behavioral or perceptual factors. Results Participants were prevalently males (92.37%) aged 21-60 years (94%). They showed a job seniority level of 21.3 (11.51) on average and, ranging from a 1 to 10 score, a danger awareness of 6.8 (2.9), a lack of prevention measures 6.0 (3.3), an improper behavior of 7.3 (2.7), an unpredictable fate of 6.0 (2.9). These factors resulted significantly associated with the injury risk perception. Multivariable analysis highlighted that the injury risk perception was associated with the lack of prevention measure and unpredictable fate. On the other hand, we found a negative association with the workers' improper behaviors. Conclusion Workers' perception showed fairly uniform average values even when occupational risk was demonstrated. Our analysis suggests a positive correlation between injury risk perception and the idea that injuries are due both to fate and to chance; it also shows a negative correlation between injury risk perception and the idea that injuries are due to improper behavior. A lack of fully comparable studies confirms the need for further studies on the injury risk perception of construction workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Mastrantonio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cofini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giada Mastrangeli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Leila Fabiani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Giusti L, Mammarella S, Del Vecchio S, Salza A, Casacchia M, Roncone R. Deepening Depression in Women Balancing Work-Life Responsibilities and Caregiving during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from Gender-Specific Face-to-Face Street Interviews Conducted in Italy. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37998639 PMCID: PMC10668961 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, quality of life, and family functioning in a sample of the general female population, exploring difficulties encountered in managing family and work responsibilities and burden of care when taking care of a loved one. This study was, moreover, aimed at investigating factors capable of influencing severe depressive symptomatology in the context of socio-demographics, traumatic events, individual vulnerability, and family functioning. METHOD The sampling method used in this research was non-probability sampling. The survey took place during a Hospital Open Weekend (8-10 October 2021) organized by the National Gender Observatory on Women's Health "Fondazione Onda" on the occasion of the World Mental Health Day. RESULTS A total of 211 women were interviewed (mean age = 35.6, 53% living alone, more than 15% with financial difficulties, 47% exposed to the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake). More than 50% of the sample reported a higher complexity in managing their lives during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to their previous routine, with no statistically significant differences between working women and non-workers, although the latter obtained higher scores for depressive symptomatology and poorer quality of life. Compared to non-caregivers, female caregivers (22.3%) in charge of the care of loved ones affected by physical (10.9%) or psychiatric disabilities (11.4%) complained of a poorer quality of life, especially in general health perception (p = 0.002), physical function (p = 0.011), role limitations related to physical problems (p = 0.017), bodily pain (p = 0.015), mental health (p = 0.004), and social functioning (p = 0.007). Women caring for people affected by mental disorders seemed to experience a more significant worsening in vitality (p = 0.003) and social functioning (p = 0.005). Approximately 20% of the total sample reported severe depressive symptomatology. Previous access to mental health services (O.R. 10.923; p = 0.000), a low level of education (O.R. 5.410; p = 0.021), and difficulties in management of everyday lives during the COVID-19 pandemic (O.R. 3.598; p = 0.045) were found to be the main variables predictive of severe depressive psychopathology. Old age, good problem-solving skills, and ability to pursue personal goals were identified as protective factors. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic underlined the need for support amongst emotionally vulnerable women with pre-existing mental health conditions, partly reflecting the cumulative effects of traumas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Silvia Mammarella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Sasha Del Vecchio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Salza
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Casacchia
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Rita Roncone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
- University Unit for Rehabilitation Treatment, Early Interventions in Mental Health, S. Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Petrucci E, Cofini V, Pizzi B, Sollecchia G, Cascella M, Stefano N, Vittori A, Marinangeli F. Health Status Perception and Psychological Sequelae in Buried Victims: An Observational Study on Survivors of the Earthquake in Amatrice (Italy), Three Years Later. Prehosp Disaster Med 2023; 38:193-198. [PMID: 36803525 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x23000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extrication from rubble is particularly critical for the survival of the victims of an earthquake. Early repeated infusion of sedative agents (SAs) in the acute trauma phase may interfere with neural processes leading to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). STUDY OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the psychological status reported by the buried victims of the earthquake in Amatrice (August 24, 2016; Italy) by considering type of the SAs administered during the extrication maneuvers. METHODS This was an observational study on data from 51 patients directly rescued under the rubble during the earthquake in Amatrice. During extrication maneuvers, a moderate sedation was administered by titrating ketamine (0.3-0.5mg/kg) or morphine (0.1-0.15mg/kg) with respect to the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS; between -2 and -3) in buried victims.Three years following the rescue, the survivors were interviewed on their perceived health status and stress using a questionnaire which consisted of 17 items: the standard four-item set of healthy days core questions (CDC HRQOL-4); the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12); and in addition, survivors were asked if they had a diagnosis for anxiety, depression, or for PTSD. RESULTS The study analyzed data from the complete clinical documentation of 51 survivors; 30 were males and 21 females, with an average age of 52 years. Twenty-six (26) subjects were treated with ketamine, while 25 were treated with morphine, during the extrication procedures. Concerning the quality-of-life analysis, only 10 survivors out of 51 perceived their health status as good; the others reported psychological disorders. The GHQ-12 scores showed that all survivors had psychological distress with a mean total score of 22.2 (SD = 3.5). Eighteen (18) victims declared to have had a diagnosis of generalized anxiety (35%), while 29 were treated for depression (57%) and PTSD (57%) by a specialist. With regards to the perceived distress level and the anxiety disorder, this analysis showed significant associations with SAs used during extrication, with a better performance for ketamine than for morphine. CONCLUSION These findings suggest investigating whether early sedation with ketamine directly in the disaster setting may promote the prophylaxis and reduce the risk of developing trauma-related disorders (TRDs) on the buried victims of major natural disasters in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Petrucci
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, San Salvatore Academic Hospital of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cofini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Barbara Pizzi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, SS Filippo and Nicola Academic Hospital of Avezzano, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sollecchia
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Necozione Stefano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vittori
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, ARCO ROMA, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Marinangeli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tobia L, Muselli M, De Luca F, Cofini V, Mastrangeli G, Fabiani L, Necozione S. Community pharmacists' perceptions and experiences of stress during COVID-19. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:17. [PMID: 36707906 PMCID: PMC9880923 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacists play a crucial role in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario, performing frontline roles for the community, and supporting the healthcare system. This study aimed at investigating stress and its correlates among this category of workers at a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS The participants for this study were employees of the "Municipal Pharmaceutical Company" of L'Aquila (Italy). Data were collected using an anonymous, web-based, self-administered questionnaire. Two independent surveys were conducted, from June to July 2020, and in January 2021. RESULTS Two separate groups of respondents were involved: a total of 37 workers participated in the first survey (mean age 44.9 ± 10.7, 75.7% women) and 18 in the second survey (mean age 45.9 ± 9.2, 94.4% women). The average total scores of the perceived stress (GHQ-12 score) increased significantly from 15.5 to 18.2 (p = 0.0438), showing a moderate level of stress in the category investigated. CONCLUSIONS We observed a strong emotional exhaustion in the study sample of pharmacists, who reported high-risk perceptions and fear. A comprehensive assistance should be granted to support the well-being of healthcare workers who provide an essential service, despite the high risk of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loreta Tobia
- grid.158820.60000 0004 1757 2611Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, (MeSVA-UNIVAQ), Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, AQ Italy
| | - Mario Muselli
- grid.158820.60000 0004 1757 2611Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, (MeSVA-UNIVAQ), Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, AQ Italy
| | - Fabio De Luca
- grid.158820.60000 0004 1757 2611Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, (MeSVA-UNIVAQ), Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, AQ Italy
| | - Vincenza Cofini
- grid.158820.60000 0004 1757 2611Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, (MeSVA-UNIVAQ), Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, AQ Italy
| | - Giada Mastrangeli
- grid.158820.60000 0004 1757 2611Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, (MeSVA-UNIVAQ), Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, AQ Italy
| | - Leila Fabiani
- grid.158820.60000 0004 1757 2611Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, (MeSVA-UNIVAQ), Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, AQ Italy
| | - Stefano Necozione
- grid.158820.60000 0004 1757 2611Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, (MeSVA-UNIVAQ), Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, AQ Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abolhadi E, Divsalar P, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Dehesh T. Latent classes of posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Bam Earthquake after 17 years. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:603. [PMID: 36088363 PMCID: PMC9464409 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify latent classes of the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the survivors of the earthquake in Bam, south-eastern Iran, 17 years after the disaster. The most influential predictor variables of PTSD classes were also investigated. METHODS Eight hundred survivors of the Bam earthquake who were at least four years old in that disaster were selected by multistage sampling. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version was used. Latent class analysis was performed to identify subgroups of people with different PTSD symptom profiles. Latent class regression analysis was used to explore the influence of demographic and traumatic variables on each class membership. RESULTS We found three latent classes of PTSD, with the following profiles emerging: Low Symptom (56.6% of the participants), Moderate Symptom (23.5%), and Severe Symptom (19.9%). Old age [OR = 2.20, 95% CI = (1.46, 3.32)], physical injury [OR = 1.95, 95% CI = (1.24, 3.06)], being trapped under the rubble [OR = 1.81, 95% CI = (1.15, 2.86)], and death of a family member [OR = 1.86, 95% CI = (1.12, 3.09)] were positive risk factors for PTSD and increased the chance of being in classes having more severe symptoms. Having a high educational level was a negative risk factor [OR = 0.86, 95% CI = (0.67, 1.11)]. CONCLUSIONS The severity of PTSD 17 years after the earthquake shows that natural disasters such as earthquakes have long-term consequences, and earthquake survivors must have psychological support and long term health care. After any catastrophic earthquake, governments should establish psychology and psychotherapy centers for earthquake victims, and these centers should support earthquake victims for a sufficiently long time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abolhadi
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parisa Divsalar
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Mosleh-Shirazi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Physics Unit, Department of Radio-Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tania Dehesh
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cofini V, Perilli E, Moretti A, Bianchini V, Perazzini M, Muselli M, Lanzi S, Tobia L, Fabiani L, Necozione S. E-Learning Satisfaction, Stress, Quality of Life, and Coping: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italian University Students a Year after the COVID-19 Pandemic Began. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138214. [PMID: 35805872 PMCID: PMC9266753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The objective was to investigate e-learning satisfaction in a sample of university students by evaluating quality of life, stress sociality, and coping. (2) Methods: This was an online survey involved 471 students attending the University of L′Aquila from June to July 2021. The primary goal was estimating the e-learning satisfaction as measured by the E-learning Satisfaction Scale, while the secondary outcomes were studying its relationship with demographic factors, the perception of quality of life, sociality, stress, and coping strategies using a hierarchical regression model. (3) Results: A total of 136 participants were males (29%); the mean age was 25 years. The results revealed that the satisfaction score was 30.6, and the mean stress level was 19.4. Students suffered psychologically and physically for 14 days a month. The sociality score was 36. With respect to coping strategies, students reported higher scores for “Acceptance” (6.0), “Active coping” (6.2), and “Planning” (6.4). E-learning satisfaction was significantly related to age and course attendance. It was positively associated with the social presence score and coping strategies such as self-blame and religion, while it was inversely related to stress and unhealthy days. (4) Conclusions: The students revealed a positive propensity to use e-learning despite the end of quarantine. Sociality, stress, quality of life, and coping seemed to play an important role in student′s e-learning satisfaction.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cofini V, Bianchini V, Muselli M, Budroni D, Tobia L, Calò GL, Fabiani L, Necozione S. Quality of Life among Pediatric Neurocognitive, Speech, and Psychomotor Rehabilitation Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study on an Italian Sample. Clin Pract 2021; 11:860-869. [PMID: 34842630 PMCID: PMC8628660 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract11040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to estimate the perceived quality of life and its relationship with sociodemographic and professional factors, perception of susceptibility to COVID-19, and stress. Design: It was a longitudinal study. Subjects: Professionals, working in Italian centers for pediatric neurocognitive, speech, and psychomotor rehabilitation. Methods: Participants were interviewed online twice during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. The questionnaire included: (i) The measures of health-related quality of life to perform the Summary Index of Unhealthy Days, (ii) modified items from the “Standard questionnaire on risk perception of an infectious disease outbreak” and (iii) the items of the General Health Questionnaire. Results: One hundred and thirty professionals out of 130 participated in the first interview, while only 50 therapists took part in the second interview (dropout rate: 61%). The Summary Index of Unhealthy Days was 8 days at the first interview, and it decreased to 6 days at the second interview; however, the reduction was not significant (F = 3.22; p = 0.079). The multivariable analysis showed that the rehabilitation providers with moderate or severe stress level were more likely to have a negative perception of the quality of life (ORadj = 7.155; 95% CI: 2.8–18.2), and this result was confirmed at the second interview. Conclusions: Our results showed that in a severe public health emergency, the mental health and quality of life of rehabilitation professionals must be a topic of focus to enhance psychological resilience, to prevent burnout and to reduce rehabilitation errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Cofini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, Italy; (V.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (G.L.C.); (L.F.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-086-243-4652
| | - Valeria Bianchini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, Italy; (V.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (G.L.C.); (L.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Mario Muselli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, Italy; (V.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (G.L.C.); (L.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Danila Budroni
- SanStefar Abruzzo, Rehabilitation Center, Via Basilicata 12, 64026 Roseto Degli Abruzzi, Italy;
| | - Loreta Tobia
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, Italy; (V.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (G.L.C.); (L.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Giovanna Letizia Calò
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, Italy; (V.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (G.L.C.); (L.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Leila Fabiani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, Italy; (V.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (G.L.C.); (L.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Stefano Necozione
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, Italy; (V.B.); (M.M.); (L.T.); (G.L.C.); (L.F.); (S.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Psychological outcomes for young adults after disastrous events: A mixed-methods scoping review. Soc Sci Med 2021; 276:113851. [PMID: 33812159 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Young adulthood (18 to 34) is a time of transitional change where individuals can be highly susceptible to mental health concerns. Despite similar vulnerabilities to their adolescent counterparts, the psychological outcomes for young adults following disasters are not well understood. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to explore the literature on the psychological outcomes for young adults after disaster events. METHODS A systematic search of the literature was conducted in seven electronic databases, including PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, PILOTS, EMBASE, Scopus, and ProQuest dissertations and theses global. In total, 91 reports from 15 countries were included. RESULTS Findings suggested that young adults experience a range of psychological consequences after disasters, including posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, anxiety, and other psychological outcomes, such as general/non-specific psychological distress. Pre-disaster, peri-disaster, and post-disaster factors were also found to influence the degree of psychological outcomes experienced by young adults, including prior psychological functioning and disaster exposure, among a host of other factors. CONCLUSION Future research is recommended to better understand young adults' psychological outcomes, experiences, and service needs following disasters.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu B, Zeng W, Li Z, Wen J. Risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder 10 years after Wenchuan earthquake: a population-based case-control study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2021; 30:e25. [PMID: 33729117 PMCID: PMC8061289 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in the hard-hit areas 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, and explore the risk factors of long-term PTSD among Wenchuan earthquake survivors. METHODS A matched case-control study was conducted. The involving participants were from the hard-hit areas 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake. The collected information includes demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, behaviour habits, earthquake exposure, perceived social support, physical health and mental health. Mental health status was measured using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Respondents with PCL-C score ⩾38 were classified as cases, and then the cases and controls were matched based on age (±3 years) and community location according to a ratio of 1:3. RESULTS We obtained 86 cases and 258 controls. After controlling for confounding factors, it was found that lower income (OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.16-5.03), chronic diseases (OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.31-6.88) and death of immediate families in the earthquake (OR 7.30; 95% CI 2.36-22.57) were significantly associated with long-term PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSION Even 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, the survivors in the hard-hit areas still suffered from severe mental trauma. Low income, chronic diseases and death of immediate families in the earthquakes are significantly associated with long-term PTSD symptoms. Interventions by local governments and health institutions to address these risk factors should be undertaken to promote the health of survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Lu
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Wenqi Zeng
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Zhuyue Li
- West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anxiety, Depression, and Post-traumatic Stress a month after 2019 Cyclone Fani in Odisha, India. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:670-677. [PMID: 33583466 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early Identification of disaster victims with mental health problems may be useful, but information within a short period after a disaster is scarce in developing countries. This study examined anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms at 1 month following 2019 Cyclone Fani in Odisha, India. METHOD Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were assessed by the Primary care PTSD screen for DSM 5 (PC-PTSD-5), anxiety symptoms by the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and depression by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The survey included participants' disaster experience e.g., evacuation, fear of death, injury, death in family, damage to house, difficulty for food, displacement, and effect on livelihood. RESULTS Proportion of sample (n = 80) with probable PTSD was 42.9%, with severe anxiety was 36.7%, moderately severe depression was 16.5%, and severe depression was 3.8%. Suicidal cognitions were reported to increase by 14%. Comorbidity was common; with significant (P < 0.01) correlation between PTSS and anxiety (r = 0.69), depression (r = 0.596), and between anxiety and depression (r = 0.63). Damage of house and displacement were associated significantly with PTSD; evacuation and displacement with moderate and severe depression; and displacement with severe anxiety. No specific demographic factors were significantly linked to the psychiatric morbidities. CONCLUSION A considerable proportion of victims had psychiatric morbidities at 1 month. Associated risk factors included housing damages, evacuation, and displacement, suggesting the need to improve the disaster-management process.
Collapse
|
11
|
Onset and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for three years after the triple disaster in Northeast Japan: comparisons with the general population. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1271. [PMID: 32819348 PMCID: PMC7441677 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People living in temporary housing for long periods after a disaster are at risk of poor mental health. This study investigated the post-disaster incidence and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for the 3 years following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Methods Three years after the disaster, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1089 adult residents living in temporary housing in the disaster area, i.e., the shelter group, and a random sample of 852 community residents from non-disaster areas of East Japan. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to diagnose DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders. Information on demographic variables and disaster experiences was also collected. Results Response rates were 49 and 46% for the shelter group and the community residents, respectively. The incidence of mood/anxiety disorder in the shelter group was elevated only in the first year post-disaster compared to that of the general population. The rate of remission for mood and anxiety disorders was significantly lower in the shelter group than in the community residents. The proportion seeking medical treatment was higher in the shelter group. Conclusions The onset of common mental disorders increased in the first year, but then levelled off in the following years among residents in temporary housing after the disaster. Remission from incident post-disaster mental disorders was slower in the shelter group than in the general population. Post-disaster mental health service could consider the greater incidence in the first year and prolonged remission of mental disorders among survivors with a long-term stay in temporary housing after a disaster.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fukasawa M, Kawakami N, Umeda M, Akiyama T, Horikoshi N, Yasumura S, Yabe H, Suzuki Y, Bromet EJ. Long-lasting effects of distrust in government and science on mental health eight years after the Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster. Soc Sci Med 2020; 258:113108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Fukasawa M, Kawakami N, Umeda M, Akiyama T, Horikoshi N, Yasumura S, Yabe H, Suzuki Y, Bromet EJ. Longitudinal associations of radiation risk perceptions and mental health among non-evacuee residents of Fukushima prefecture seven years after the nuclear power plant disaster. SSM Popul Health 2019; 10:100523. [PMID: 31872039 PMCID: PMC6909055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the effects of prolonged radiation risk perceptions on mental health after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident occurred in 2011. We investigated the longitudinal associations of radiation risk perceptions five years after the accident with psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms two years later among non-evacuee community residents of Fukushima prefecture. A two-wave questionnaire survey was administered for 4,900 randomly sampled residents in 49 municipalities of Fukushima prefecture excluding the evacuation area designated by the Japanese government. Radiation risk perceptions were assessed with a seven-item scale. Psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms were measured by the K6 and the six-item abbreviated version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Specific version, respectively. We investigated the associations of radiation risk perceptions in the first survey conducted in 2016 with psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms in the follow-up survey conducted in 2017–18, controlling for the baseline level of distress or symptoms using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Valid responses were obtained from 1,148 residents (23.4%). Higher risk perceptions of radiation exposure in the first survey predicted later posttraumatic stress symptoms but not psychological distress after controlling for baseline symptoms or distress. High risk perceptions of radiation exposure after nuclear power plant accidents can lead to posttraumatic stress symptoms. Radiation anxiety predicted later posttraumatic stress symptoms. Radiation anxiety did not predict later psychological distress. Radiation anxiety affected later mental health status among non-evacuee residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Fukasawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Maki Umeda
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Akiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 5-9-22 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-8625, Japan
| | - Naoko Horikoshi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- Department of Mental Health Policy, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bonanni L, Franciotti R, Martinotti G, Vellante F, Flacco ME, Di Giannantonio M, Thomas A, Onofrj M. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Heralding the Onset of Semantic Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:203-215. [PMID: 29614666 PMCID: PMC5900559 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with cognitive decline. The dementia type following PTSD is unclear. Objective: To assess whether PTSD is associated with a specific dementia. Methods: Prospective study: 46 PTSD patients (DSM-IV-TR) were followed for 6–10 years with clinical, neuropsychological, imaging evaluations for possible development of dementia. Retrospective study: 849 dementia patients followed during 1999–2014 (509 Alzheimer’s disease, AD; 207 dementia with Lewy bodies, DLB; 90 vascular dementia, VaD; 43 frontotemporal dementia, FTD) and 287 patients with any neurological condition (including patients with/without dementia) were evaluated for the presence of PTSD in their history. Results: Prospective study: 8 patients developed dementia; 1 AD, 1 DLB, 6 semantic FTD (13.0% of the PTSD population). Retrospective study: 38 patients (4.5%) had a history of PTSD; 3.5% of AD, 4.3% of DLB, 14.0% of FTD, 5.6% of VaD. The percentage was higher in FTD than in AD or DLB (χ2 = 10, p = 0.001, and χ2 = 6, p = 0.02). At difference with AD, DLB, or VaD, FTD incidence among dementia patients with PTSD history (38 patients) was higher than in the dementia population overall (16% versus 5%, χ2 = 8, p = 0.005). The impact of possible demographical/clinical confounders (age, gender, MMSE) was excluded by Poisson regression. PTSD prevalence in the comparative group without dementia matched the prevalence in the Italian general population (1.1%). PTSD prevalence in the demented comparative group matched the prevalence in our dementia retrospective cohort, 3.7%). Discussion: PTSD was associated with the development of semantic FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaella Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Vellante
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Astrid Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shang F, Kaniasty K, Cowlishaw S, Wade D, Ma H, Forbes D. Social support following a natural disaster: A longitudinal study of survivors of the 2013 Lushan earthquake in China. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:641-646. [PMID: 31207846 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The idea that social support post-disaster is beneficial to survivors' mental health is widely accepted by both researchers and practitioners. However previous social support studies are mainly focused on perceived social support, and the limited received social support studies have produced mixed results. In this study we modelled the influence of both quantity and quality of received social support on long-term mental health outcomes in a longitudinal study of 2013 Lushan earthquake survivors in China. Survivors were invited to complete a questionnaire interview 7 months after the earthquake and were followed up 31 months later (n = 161). Hierarchical regression analyses that controlled for disaster exposure variables showed that greater quality of social support received 7 months after disaster predicted lower levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms and psychological distress two years later, however quantity of received social support was not significant in predicting these two outcomes. These results remained robust when controlled for gender, negative life events and family financial status. The findings of this study suggest that what appears to be critical in the process of supporting disaster survivors is the quality, not necessarily the quantity, of support provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanhong Shang
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Krzysztof Kaniasty
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sean Cowlishaw
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darryl Wade
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hong Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - David Forbes
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trip H, Tabakakis K, Maskill V, Richardson S, Dolan B, Josland H, McKay L, Richardson A, Cowan L, Hickmott B, Houston G. Psychological health and resilience: the impact of significant earthquake events on tertiary level professional students. A cross-sectional study. Contemp Nurse 2018; 54:319-332. [PMID: 30045677 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2018.1503549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of natural disasters internationally is linked to intensity and duration and the impact of these events for tertiary level professional students is not clearly understood. Following a 7.1 magnitude earthquake in New Zealand in 2010 (with aftershocks lasting 27 months) a number of tertiary nursing students experienced significant disruption to their studies. AIM To compare the psychological health, resilience and the impact on learning for three cohorts of students engaged in tertiary nursing education during this time. METHOD A cross-sectional survey design and convenience sampling was used for three cohorts of learners. An online survey was completed (n = 290) and included: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale; PTSD Checklist; Work and Social Adjustment Scale; Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found across the psychometric scales with regard to relationship status. Whilst an increase in self-reported physical and mental health issues prior to and following the earthquakes were noted, mitigating factors were also identified. CONCLUSIONS In order to support psychological health amongst nursing students, tertiary education systems need to plan for sustainable learning. The importance of facilitating future orientation within organisations is necessary to develop resilience amongst staff and students, which, in turn, will enable on-going education during significant disaster events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Trip
- a Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies , University of Otago , P O Box 4345, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Kosta Tabakakis
- b Research and Enterprise , University of Otago , P O Box 4345, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Virginia Maskill
- a Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies , University of Otago , P O Box 4345, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Sandra Richardson
- a Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies , University of Otago , P O Box 4345, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand.,c Emergency Department , Canterbury District Health Board (CDHB) , Private Bag 4710, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Brian Dolan
- d Service Improvement, CDHB , Private Bag 4710, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand.,e Health Service 360 , Oak Tree House, Farnell Drive, Stratford Upon Avon , CV37 9DJ , United Kingdom.,f Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research , Oxford Brookes University, & University of Salford , Maxwell Building, 43 Crescent, Salford M5 4WT , United Kingdom
| | - Heather Josland
- g Department of Nursing, Midwifery & Allied Health , Ara Institute of Canterbury , 130 Madras Street, P O Box 540, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Lisa McKay
- g Department of Nursing, Midwifery & Allied Health , Ara Institute of Canterbury , 130 Madras Street, P O Box 540, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Anna Richardson
- g Department of Nursing, Midwifery & Allied Health , Ara Institute of Canterbury , 130 Madras Street, P O Box 540, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Lois Cowan
- g Department of Nursing, Midwifery & Allied Health , Ara Institute of Canterbury , 130 Madras Street, P O Box 540, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Becky Hickmott
- h Workforce Development, CDHB , 32 Oxford Terrace, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Gail Houston
- i Specialist Mental Health Service, Hillmorton Hospital , Private Bag 4733, CDHB, Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effects of Disaster Damage and Working Conditions on Mental Health Among Public Servants 16 Months After the Great East Japan Earthquake. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2018; 12:622-630. [PMID: 29444742 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether stressors after a disaster have later effects on the mental health of public servants who engage in disaster response and to estimate the proportion of those experiencing persistent mental distress. METHODS We analyzed the data of health surveys conducted in Miyagi Prefecture for all prefectural public servants at 2, 7, and 16 months after the Great East Japan Earthquake (n=3174). We investigated relationships between mental distress (defined as K6≥10) at 16 months after the earthquake and earthquake damage and working conditions at 2 months. We also calculated the proportion of participants who scored K6≥10 on all 3 surveys. RESULTS The experience of living someplace other than one's own home was significantly related with mental distress at 16 months after the earthquake. Few participants consistently scored K6≥10 throughout all 3 surveys. CONCLUSIONS The effects of stressors in the aftermath of a disaster could remain for a long time. Few public servants experienced persistent mental distress. Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:622-630.
Collapse
|
18
|
An International Comparison of the Instigation and Design of Health Registers in the Epidemiological Response to Major Environmental Health Incidents. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2018; 23:20-28. [PMID: 27870717 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epidemiological preparedness is vital in providing relevant, transparent, and timely intelligence for the management, mitigation, and prevention of public health impacts following major environmental health incidents. A register is a set of records containing systematically collected, standardized data about individual people. Planning for a register of people affected by or exposed to an incident is one of the evolving tools in the public health preparedness and response arsenal. OBJECTIVE We compared and contrasted the instigation and design of health registers in the epidemiological response to major environmental health incidents in England, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United States. DESIGN Consultation with experts from the 5 nations, supplemented with a review of gray and peer-reviewed scientific literature to identify examples where registers have been used. SETTING Populations affected by or at risk from major environmental health incidents in England, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United States. METHODS Nations were compared with respect to the (1) types of major incidents in their remit for considering a register; (2) arrangements for triggering a register; (3) approaches to design of register; (4) arrangements for register implementation; (5) uses of registers; and (6) examples of follow-up studies. RESULTS Health registers have played a key role in the effective public health response to major environmental incidents, including sudden chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear, as well as natural, more prolonged incidents. Value has been demonstrated in the early and rapid deployment of health registers, enabling the capture of a representative population. CONCLUSION The decision to establish a health register must ideally be confirmed immediately or soon after the incident using a set of agreed criteria. The establishment of protocols for the instigation, design, and implementation of health registers is recommended as part of preparedness activities. Key stakeholders must be aware of the importance of, and protocols for, establishing a register.Agencies will find value in preparing and implementing registers as part of an effective public health response to major environmental incidents, including sudden chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incidents, as well as natural, more prolonged incidents.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tang B, Deng Q, Glik D, Dong J, Zhang L. A Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Adults and Children after Earthquakes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121537. [PMID: 29292778 PMCID: PMC5750955 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PTSD is considered the most common negative psychological reactions among survivors following an earthquake. The present study sought to find out the determinants of PTSD in earthquake survivors using a systematic meta-analysis. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycInfo) were used to search for observational studies about PTSD following earthquakes. The literature search, study selection, and data extraction were conducted independently by two authors. 52 articles were included in the study. Summary estimates, subgroup analysis, and publication bias tests were performed on the data. The prevalence of PTSD after earthquakes ranged from 4.10% to 67.07% in adults and from 2.50% to 60.00% in children. For adults, the significant predictors were being female, low education level or socio-economic status, prior trauma; being trapped, experiencing fear, injury, or bereavement during the disaster. For children, the significant predictors were being older age, high education level; being trapped, experiencing fear, injury, or bereavement, witnessing injury/death during the earthquakes. Our study provides implications for the understanding of risk factors for PTSD among earthquake survivors. Post-disaster mental health recovery programs that include early identification, on-going monitoring, and sustained psychosocial support are needed for earthquake survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Tang
- Department of Health Service, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qiangyu Deng
- Department of Health Service, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Deborah Glik
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Junqiang Dong
- Department of Health Service, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Health Service, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Structural Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Areas of Moderate Seismicity and Assessment of Strategies for Structural Improvement. BUILDINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings7040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
21
|
Piccardi L, Palmiero M, Nori R, Baralla F, Cordellieri P, D’Amico S, Giannini AM. Persistence of Traumatic Symptoms After Seven Years: Evidence from Young Individuals Exposed to the L’Aquila Earthquake. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2017.1328243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piccardi
- Life, Health and Environmental Science Department, University of L’Aquila, Coppito, AQ, Italy
- Neuropsychology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Palmiero
- Life, Health and Environmental Science Department, University of L’Aquila, Coppito, AQ, Italy
- Neuropsychology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Simonetta D’Amico
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fan M, Li RH, Hu MS, Xiao LY, Zhou XD, Ran MS, Fang DZ. Association of Val66Met polymorphism at brain derived neurotrophic factor gene with depression among Chinese adolescents after Wenchuan earthquake: An 18months longitudinal study. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:16-22. [PMID: 28527683 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To longitudinally investigate the association of Val66Met polymorphism at brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (BDNF) with depression in Chinese Han adolescents after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, BDNF Val66Met was identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and verified by DNA sequencing. Depression was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) among high school students at 6, 12 and 18months after the earthquake. The results showed that the females constantly had higher depression prevalence than the males during the follow-up in the Met allele carriers, but not in the Val/Val homozygotes. When compared to that at 6months, the prevalence was lowered at 12months in the male Met allele carriers, and at 18months in all the females and the male Met allele carriers. Moreover, the Met allele carriers had higher BDI scores than the Val/Val homozygotes only in the females at 18months. The females had higher BDI scores than the males constantly during the follow-up in the Met allele carriers and at 12months only in the Val/Val homozygotes. When compared to those at 12months, the scores decreased at 18months in all the females and the male Met allele carriers. In addition, the potential factors of prevalence or predictors of severity of depression were different between the Val/Val homozygotes and the Met allele carriers at different times after the earthquake. The results suggest that interactions may occur after stresses among BDNF Val66Met, gender and time course to influence depression. This may be one of the explanations for the inconsistent relationships reported before between depression and BDNF Val66Met and need to take into account for precision medical and more effective interference of depression in adolescents after disasters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Shan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Ying Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Dong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ding Zhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dai W, Chen L, Lai Z, Li Y, Wang J, Liu A. The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors after earthquakes:a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:188. [PMID: 27267874 PMCID: PMC4895994 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychological disorder caused by unusual threats or catastrophic events. Little is known about the combined incidence of PTSD after earthquakes. This study aimed at evaluating the combined incidence of PTSD among survivors after earthquakes using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and PsycARTICLES were searched for relevant articles in this study. Loney criteria were used to assess the quality of eligible articles. The combined incidence of PTSD was estimated by using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation method. Subgroup analyses were conducted using the following variables: the time of PTSD assessment, gender, educational level, marital status, damage to one's house, bereavement, injury of body and witnessing death. RESULTS Forty-six eligible articles containing 76,101 earthquake survivors met the inclusion criteria, of which 17,706 were diagnosed as having PTSD. Using a random effects model, the combined incidence of PTSD after earthquakes was 23.66 %. Moreover, the combined incidence of PTSD among survivors who were diagnosed at not more than 9 months after earthquake was 28.76 %, while for survivors who were diagnosed at over nine months after earthquake the combined incidence was 19.48 %. A high degree of heterogeneity (I(2) = 99.5 %, p<0.001) was observed in the results, with incidence ranging from 1.20 to 82.64 %. The subgroup analyses showed that the incidence of PTSD after earthquake varied significantly across studies in relation to the time of PTSD assessment, gender, educational level, damage to one's house, bereavement, injury of body and witnessing death. However, stratified analyses could not entirely explain the heterogeneity in the results. CONCLUSIONS Given the high heterogeneity observed in this study, future studies should aim at exploring more possible risk factors for PTSD after earthquakes, especially genetic factors. In spite of that, the results of this study suggest that nearly 1 in 4 earthquake survivors are diagnosed as having PTSD. Therefore, the local government should plan effective psychological interventions for earthquake survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Xiangya Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Xiangya Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhiwei Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Xiangya Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Xiangya Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Xiangya Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China ,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Xiangya Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu Z, Xu J, Sui Y. Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth coexistence and the risk factors in Wenchuan earthquake survivors. Psychiatry Res 2016; 237:49-54. [PMID: 26921051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have assessed the negative and/or positive changes in the aftermath of traumatic events. Yet few of these have addressed the factors associated with the coexistence of both negative and positive changes after a devastating earthquake. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the negative and positive changes and elucidate the risk factors of such changes one year after Wenchuan earthquake. A total of 2080 survivors from 19 counties participated in a self-report questionnaire survey which included the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Check list-Civilian, the posttraumatic growth PTG Inventory (PTGI). The prevalence of PTSD and moderate PTG was found to be 40.1% (95% CI [37.9% 42.3%]) and 51.1% (95% CI [48.9% 53.3%]). The PTSD and moderate PTG coexistence was 19.6% (95% CI [17.8% 21.4%]). PTSD symptom severity was significantly positively associated with the PTG score. Middle aged groups (31-40 and 41-50 years old, OR=2.323, 95% CI [1.059, 5.095] and OR=2.410, 95% CI [1.090, 5.329] respectively), those with lower income levels (OR=8.019, 95% CI [2.421, 26.558]), those living in temporary house (OR=1.946, 95% CI [1.280, 2.956]), and those who had had less social support (OR=1.109, 95% CI [1.076, 1.143]) had a significantly higher possibility for the presence of PTSD and moderate PTG coexistence. The results indicated the widespread positive changes in earthquake survivors. Better income levels and living conditions and higher social support were suggested to promote PTG in those with PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wu
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yan Sui
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Blanc J, Rahill GJ, Laconi S, Mouchenik Y. Religious Beliefs, PTSD, Depression and Resilience in Survivors of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:697-703. [PMID: 26600411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines relationships between religious beliefs regarding the origin of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and posttraumatic symptomatology as well as depressive symptoms and resilience among its survivors. METHOD We used convenient sampling to recruit participants (n=167). They completed six scales, which had been translated into Haitian Creole, including measures such as the Earthquake Experiences Exposure (EEE), the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI), the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experience Questionnaire (PDEQ), the PTSD Checklist (PTSD-CL), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD- RISC) RESULTS: Among our participants, 51% were male, (mean age=30.5, SD=11.03), 92% (n=155) were believers in some sort of supernatural force and 65% (n=108) endorsed the earthquake as a natural phenomenon. There was significant difference in average scores at peritraumatic distress, PTSD symptoms and Resilience measures between those perceiving a divine origin and/or a punishment through the event and those who did not. Peritraumatic responses were best predictors for PTSD (β=.366, p<.001) and Depression symptoms (β=.384, p<.001). Voodoo adherents appeared to be vulnerable to depression, but reported superior resilience factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judite Blanc
- Laboratory UTRPP, University of Paris, 13 Sorbonne Paris Cite, France; State University of Haiti, Faculty of Humanities (UEH/FASCH)Avec Christophe, Impasse Le Hasard, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
| | - Guitele J Rahill
- School of Social Work College of Behavioral and Community Services University of South Florida, 13301 Bruce B. Downs, Blvd., MHC 1400, Tampa, FL, 33612-3807 United States
| | - Stéphanie Laconi
- Psychopathology CERPP, EA-4156 University of Toulouse, 2 Jean Jaurès 5 Allées Antonio Machado, 31078 Toulouse, France
| | - Yoram Mouchenik
- Transcultural Psychology, Laboratory UTRPP University of Paris, 13 Nord 99 Avenue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ren J, Jiang X, Yao J, Li X, Liu X, Pang M, Chiang CLV. Depression, Social Support, and Coping Styles among Pregnant Women after the Lushan Earthquake in Ya'an, China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135809. [PMID: 26270035 PMCID: PMC4535859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to assess the depression of pregnant women in the aftermath of an earthquake, and to identify the social support that they obtained, their coping styles and socio-demographic factors associated with depression. Methods A total of 128 pregnant women from three hospitals in the epicenter area were recruited immediately after the Ya’an earthquake. Their depression was investigated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with a cutoff score of 14; the social support that they obtained was measured using the Social Support Questionnaire; and their coping styles were assessed using the Coping Styles Questionnaire. Results Immediately after the earthquake, the incidence rate of depression in pregnant women was 35.2%, higher than that of the general pregnant population (7%-14%). The EPDS scores were significantly correlated with gestation age at the time of the earthquake, objective support, subjective support, use of support, negative coping style, and positive coping style. The regression analysis indicated that risk factors of prenatal depression include the number of children, relatives wounded, subjective support, and coping styles. A further analysis of the interaction between social support and two types of coping styles with depression showed that there was interaction effect between subjective social support and positive coping styles in relation to EPDS scores. There was an inverse relationship between low EPDS scores and positive coping styles and high social support, and vice versa. Conclusion The timing of the occurrence of the earthquake may not necessarily affect the progress of the illness and recovery from depression, and psychological intervention could be conducted in the immediate aftermath after the earthquake. The impact of coping styles on prenatal depression appeared to be linked with social support. Helping pregnant women to adopt positive coping styles with good social support after a recent major earthquake, which is a stressor, may reduce their chances of developing prenatal depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Ren
- Department of Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaolian Jiang
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jianrong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xirong Li
- Obstetrics Department, Ya’an People’s Hospital, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiche Pang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Health-Related Quality of Life in the Aftermath of the L’Aquila Earthquake in Italy. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2015; 10:11-5. [DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2015.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveA recent article reported a reduction in the suicide rate in the inhabitants of L’Aquila (Italy) in 2009, when on the night of April 6, a devastating earthquake struck the city. The potential implications of the role of resilience in the aftermath of natural disasters, together with the limitations of existing evidence on this topic, suggest a need for more research. We aimed to retrospectively investigate the impact of the L’Aquila earthquake on a standardized self-reported measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsHRQoL data were collected through 2 separate cross-sectional surveys conducted during 2008 and 2010, before and after the earthquake that occurred in 2009, on 2 random samples of adults living in L’Aquila.ResultsThe data seemed to suggest no decrease in the inhabitants’ HRQoL level after the disaster, which may suggest the role of resilience in supporting survivors’ HRQoL. The findings were also consistent with previous observations of a reduction in the suicide rate in the same inhabitants after the earthquake.ConclusionsAfter a natural disaster, people likely activate personal resources and protective social factors that result in better subjective outcomes. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:11-15)
Collapse
|
28
|
Ciocca G, Carosa E, Stornelli M, Limoncin E, Gravina GL, Iannarelli R, Sperandio A, Di Sante S, Lenzi A, Lauro D, Jannini EA. Post-traumatic stress disorder, coping strategies and type 2 diabetes: psychometric assessment after L'Aquila earthquake. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:513-21. [PMID: 25408297 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM After natural and collective catastrophes, many behavioral phenomena can occur through psychobiological responses that involve also the diabetic condition.The aim of this study was to investigate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and coping strategies in type 2 diabetic patients after L'Aquila earthquake, with a particular attention to the newly diagnosed patients and to the gender differences. METHODS Among the local diabetic population, we recruited 100 diabetic patients (46 women and 54 men). Sixty of these had diabetes before the earthquake (pre-quake patients), and other 40 received diabetes diagnosis after the earthquake (post-quake patients). A psychometric protocol composed by Davidson Trauma Scale for PTSD and Brief-COPE for coping strategies was administered. RESULTS We found significant differences in the levels of PTSD when comparing both post-quake with pre-quake patients (post-quake = 51.72 ± 26.05 vs. pre-quake = 31.65 ± 22.59; p < 0.05) and the female patients with males (women = 53.50 ± 27.01 vs. men = 31.65 ± 23.06; p < 0.05) and also in the prevalence [post-quake = 27/40 (67.5 %) vs. pre-quake = 20/60 (33.3 %); p < 0.05], [women = 27/46 (58.69 %) vs. men = 16/54 (29.62 %); p < 0.05]. Moreover, maladaptive coping was a predictive factor for PTSD in the post-quake group only (OR 1.682; 95 % CI 1.155-2.450; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that PTSD may be considered an important comorbidity factor in newly diagnosed patients and in diabetic women. Hence, a psychological support seems particularly important in these patients after a collective traumatic event to help them react to both PTSD and diabetes and to help them improve their coping skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Ciocca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rahill GJ, Joshi M, Lescano C, Holbert D. Symptoms of PTSD in a sample of female victims of sexual violence in post-earthquake Haiti. J Affect Disord 2015; 173:232-8. [PMID: 25462422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, sexual violence (SV) impacts 25-33% of women, is often perpetrated by intimate partners and occurs even post-disasters. The 2010 Haiti earthquake occasioned a SV epidemic in Cité Soleil, where over 50% of females are reportedly victims of SV via non-intimate partners/strangers (NPSV). Little is known about the psychological effects of SV perpetrated by NPSV; even less in known about the biopsychosocial consequences of NPSV on women in Haiti. Yet, the World Health Organization recently called for research on NPSV, particularly in poor and disaster-affected countries. METHODS As a first step in categorizing the consequences of NPSV on female victims in Haiti, we conducted 2 focus groups of 16 female residents of Cité Soleil who survived the earthquake and its aftershocks, along with ensuing hurricanes and cholera. RESULTS Participants reported rapes by strangers who intentionally "crush the uterus." All endorsed criteria for PTSD, including enduring physiological, neurological and psychological symptoms: significant intrusive, avoidance, arousal, cognitive, mood changes, as well as significant distress/impairment in various areas of functioning; and all but one became pregnant from the experience. All denied substance use and other illness that is not associated with the sexual violence. LIMITATIONS Our study was exploratory, targeting a small sample of women in one specific neighborhood and cannot be generalized to all SV victims in Haiti. CONCLUSIONS Following earthquakes, there should be vigilance by public health officials and rescue teams for prevention of SV against women. Women who survive SV in Haiti should be provided access to trauma-informed care that addresses biological consequences of the SV, as well as biological, neurological and psychological sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guitele J Rahill
- School of Social Work, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | - Manisha Joshi
- School of Social Work, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Celia Lescano
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Dezeray Holbert
- School of Social Work, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Giuliani AR, Mattei A, Santilli F, Clori G, Scatigna M, Fabiani L. Well-being and perceived quality of life in elderly people displaced after the earthquake in L'Aquila, Italy. J Community Health 2014; 39:531-7. [PMID: 24302517 PMCID: PMC4000418 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-013-9793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
On 6 April 2009, the city of L’Aquila was hit by a violent earthquake that destroyed almost all of its medieval centre, and the surviving inhabitants were evacuated and relocated in temporary quarters or undamaged homes. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived quality of life of the elderly population 3 years after the earthquake in relation to the social and logistic issues of new housing. The study was carried out between October 2011 and March 2012, and involved 571 subjects aged over 65 years living in the municipality of L’Aquila. The interviews took place in the surgeries of general practitioners and the city’s Department of Prevention and Vaccination in the anti-influenza immunisation period. The instrument used was a 36-item questionnaire with closed, multiple choice answers divided into the following sections: demographics, everyday activities, health and perceived health, and the quality of life in the city. The results show that, 3 years after the earthquake, the elderly population living in the new towns and temporary housing of L’Aquila have a worse perception of their quality of life than the others. They feel a certain social isolation and wish to live elsewhere. Governments faced with the problems arising from a natural calamity should take into account all of the elements making up a good quality of life and, before making choices whose impact cannot be changed, consider both their immediate and long-term social consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Giuliani
- Department of Medicine, Health and Environment Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S. Salvatore Edificio 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mental disorders of pregnant and postpartum women after earthquakes: a systematic review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2014; 8:315-25. [PMID: 25098648 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2014.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to systematically search and critique relevant literature on the potential psychological impact of earthquakes on peripartum women to synthesize existing knowledge for further action. METHODS A search through 5 databases was conducted for relevant publications in English, and the results were screened through a set of inclusion and exclusion processes. RESULTS Eight articles were included. Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder were the most often reported mental disorders. Some factors (eg, family relationships and social support) were associated with mental disorders suffered by peripartum women after earthquakes. An assessment of the quality of the studies showed that most did not have high levels of evidence because of their cross-sectional design and limitations. CONCLUSIONS Among the factors that influenced the mental health of pregnant and postpartum women after earthquakes, family function appears to be one of the most important and deserves further exploration. Other mental health conditions such as minor psychiatric disorders should also be studied for their relationship with disasters and pregnancy. Well-designed studies are needed to enable a better understanding of the relationship between earthquakes and the mental disorders of peripartum women so that the most appropriate interventions can be proposed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Tang B, Liu X, Liu Y, Xue C, Zhang L. A meta-analysis of risk factors for depression in adults and children after natural disasters. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:623. [PMID: 24941890 PMCID: PMC4077641 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies have shown a range of negative psychological symptoms (e.g. depression) after exposure to natural disasters. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for depression in both children and adults who have survived natural disasters. Methods Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsychInfo) were used to search for observational studies (case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies) about depression following natural disasters. The literature search, study selection, and data extraction were conducted independently by two authors. Thirty-one articles were included in the study, of which twenty included adult participants and eleven included child participants. Summary estimates were obtained using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias tests were performed on the data. Results The prevalence of depression after natural disasters ranged from 5.8% to 54.0% in adults and from 7.5% to 44.8% in children. We found a number of risk factors for depression after exposure to natural disasters. For adults, the significant predictors were being female ;not married;holding religious beliefs; having poor education; prior trauma; experiencing fear, injury, or bereavement during the disaster; or losing employment or property, suffering house damage as a result of the disaster. For children, the significant predictors were prior trauma; being trapped during the disaster; experiencing injury, fear, or bereavement during the disaster; witnessing injury/death during the disaster; or having poor social support. Conclusions The current analysis provides evidence of risk factors for depression in survivors of natural disasters. Further research is necessary to design interventions to improve the mental health of survivors of natural disasters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Military Health Management, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Warsini S, West C, Ed Tt GD, Res Meth GC, Mills J, Usher K. The psychosocial impact of natural disasters among adult survivors: an integrative review. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2014; 35:420-36. [PMID: 24857526 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2013.875085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to identify the psychosocial impact of natural disasters on adult (over the age of 18 years) survivors. Databases searched included PsycInfo, CINAHL, Proquest, Ovid SP, Scopus, and Science Direct. The search was limited to articles written in English and published between 2002 and 2012. A total of 1,642 abstracts and articles were obtained during the first search; 39 articles were retained. The results indicate that PTSD is the most-studied psychosocial impact after a disaster. Mental health nurses have a significant role to play in supporting survivors and can assist with the development of resilience in community members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Warsini
- James Cook University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Nutrition, Cairns, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Warsini S, Buettner P, Mills J, West C, Usher K. Post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors two years after the 2010 Mount Merapi volcano eruption: A survey study. Nurs Health Sci 2014; 17:173-80. [PMID: 24845603 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Mount Merapi volcanic eruption in October 2010 was one of Indonesia's largest and most recent natural disasters. A cross-sectional study was undertaken to measure the psychosocial impact of the eruption on survivors in two locations in Yogyakarta, Java, Indonesia. The Impact of Event Scale Revised was used to assess participants' symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder responses and demographic characteristics were compared in both locations by conducting bivariate analysis using Mann-Whitney and t tests. The relative contributions of demographic variables and psychosocial impact were examined using multiple linear regression analyses. Two years after the eruption, survivors from the area closest to the eruption had significantly higher Impact of Event Scale Revised scores than those in the comparison area. In particular, females, adults between the ages of 18 and 59, and people who owned their own home experienced the highest levels of psychosocial impact. Nurses and other health professionals need to be aware of the impact of natural disasters on survivors and develop interventions to help people adjust to the psychosocial impact of these events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Warsini
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Nutrition, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cénat JM, Derivois D. Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months. J Affect Disord 2014; 159:111-7. [PMID: 24679398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On January 12, 2010, a powerful 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck the Republic of Haiti and destroyed Port-au-Prince, the capital and others cities across the country. While some studies have examined the long-term traumatic effects of the seismic event on children and adolescents victims, so far no study has examined the consequences on adults generally. As such, this study aims to investigate the traumatic consequences of the earthquake among adults related to degree of exposure, peritraumatic distress, depressive symptoms and sociodemographic factors two and a half years after. In addition, predictive factors of PTSD and depressive symptoms were also identified. METHODS From June to July 2012, a total of 1355 adults (660 women) was assessed by means the traumatic exposure questionnaire, the Life Events Checklist subscale, the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI), the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), in addition to social demographic characteristics. RESULTS The prevalence rates of PTSD and depressive symptoms were 36.75% (498 cases) and 25.98% (352 cases) respectively. The risk factors for PTSD and depressive symptoms were young and old age, female gender, unemployed status and low level of education. The bests predictives variables were peritraumatic distress for PTSD (β=.57, p<.0001) and for depressive symptoms (β=.21, p<.0001). The commorbidity between PTSD and depression was 13.36%. CONCLUSIONS This study found that psychological symptoms are frequent event 30 months after the earthquake. The different mental health care providers, the public health ministry, NGOs working on the ground in Haiti should design programmes in order to aid the psychological wellbeing of the population focussing on youth, older and retired adults, females, people with low levels of education and those who do not work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- Center of Research in Psychopathology and Clinical Psychology (CRPPC), Psychology Institute, Université Lyon 2, 5, Avenue Pierre Mendès, 69676 Bron Cedex, France.
| | - Daniel Derivois
- Center of Research in Psychopathology and Clinical Psychology (CRPPC), Psychology Institute, Université Lyon 2, 5, Avenue Pierre Mendès, 69676 Bron Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dong X, Qu Z, Liu F, Jiang X, Wang Y, Chui CHK, Wang X, Tian D, Zhang X. Depression and its risk factors among pregnant women in 2008 Sichuan earthquake area and non-earthquake struck area in China. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:566-572. [PMID: 23871129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On May 12, 2008, a powerful 8.0 magnitude earthquake struck China's Sichuan province. While some studies have assessed the mental and physical wellbeing of disaster victims, few have examined the long-term impact of natural disasters on pregnant women's mental health. As such, this study aims to assess whether the Sichuan earthquake continues to negatively affect women's mental health, 4 years since its occurrence. In addition, predictive and protective risk factors of depressive symptoms among pregnant women were also identified. METHODS From June 2012 to October 2012, 520 pregnant women were interviewed, of whom 253 were from an earthquake struck area and 267 were from a non-earthquake struck area. Symptoms of antenatal depression were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with a cutoff of≥10. RESULTS The prevalence rate of depression among pregnant women in the earthquake area was 34.5% (95% CI, 28.9-40.6), while the rate in the non-earthquake area was 39.6% (95% CI, 33.9-45.5). The perceived stresses associated with pregnancy and social support from husbands are significantly correlated with antenatal depression. LIMITATIONS Lack of diagnosis for antenatal depression and it is a self-report evaluation. CONCLUSIONS This study found that the Sichuan earthquake does not necessarily have a long-lasting effect on pregnant women who were once victims of the disaster. It was found that pregnant women who experience high levels of pressures from the pregnancy and receive medium support from husbands are more susceptible to experience antenatal depression than pregnant women who perceive higher levels of support from husbands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Dong
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Qu
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fangnan Liu
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoing Jiang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheryl Hiu Kwan Chui
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Donghua Tian
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|