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Miranda ES, Dell'Aringa M, Costa EAD, Piazza T, Corte FD, Ragazzoni L, Barone-Adesi F, Andrade CLTD, Osorio-de-Castro CGS. Psychoactive substance consumption after the Fundão dam mine tailing disaster in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00237022. [PMID: 38477725 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen237022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Disasters cause changes in morbidity, mortality, and medicine use. Brazil is one of the main producers of mineral ores at great environmental cost. Mine tailings are stored in dams and ruptures have led to major disasters. We investigated the consumption of psychoactive medicines in the municipalities affected by the Fundão dam disaster in Minas Gerais State. An ecological study was carried out on drug consumption, estimated using public purchases in Minas Gerais and dispensing data from private retail pharmacies. Consumption (in number of defined daily doses/100,000 inhabitants per day) was analyzed descriptively in eight municipalities, stratified according to consumption level during a 25-month period. Six comparisons of mean consumption values for both data sets were done for pre- and post-disaster periods. The means of medicine consumption before and after the event were plotted and linear trends were added. Public purchase data evinced high consumption levels. Only pharmaceutical retail showed significant differences between the strata in the pre-disaster versus two post-disaster periods. Smaller municipalities showed an increase in consumption 15 months after the disaster. Clonazepam led the way in pharmaceutical retail consumption, followed by fluoxetine. Medicines showed an upward trend after the disaster. The high public provision may have stifled significant consumption patterns of psychoactive drugs; however, peak consumption were observed in private retail, suggesting a modification in use patterns after the disaster. The decrease in consumption immediately after the event was probably related to lower care-seeking behavior on the part of the population, and significant peaks after the disaster may reflect economic consequences of it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Dell'Aringa
- Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid, and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Thais Piazza
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Francesco Della Corte
- Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid, and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Ragazzoni
- Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid, and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Barone-Adesi
- Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid, and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Bethmann D, Cho JI. Do community-related traumatic events affect academic outcomes among adolescents? Quasi-experimental evidence from the Sewol disaster in South Korea. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38319304 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2309466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The sinking of the South Korean ferry Sewol in April 2014 claimed a total of 304 lives. Among the victims were 250 students from Dan-won High School in the city of Ansan and 11 of their teachers. For the residents of Ansan, the tragedy marked the beginning of widespread psychological distress and overwhelming grief. Exploiting the disaster's quasi-experimental nature, we employ a difference-in-differences (DID) strategy to measure its impact on the academic performance of Ansan's high school students in 5 major subjects. Using peers from Ansan's neighboring cities as the control group, our results reveal that the disaster impaired performances particularly in mathematics and natural science, a finding that is more pronounced for female students. Our results highlight that it is of uttermost importance to provide comprehensive psychological support and interventions to traumatized students but also to the communities they live in to minimize adverse effects on educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bethmann
- Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Cho
- Department of Economics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Kim ES, Yeo J, Kim Y, Ha IH. The Impact of Moderate Earthquakes on Antidepressant Prescriptions in Ulsan, South Korea: A Controlled Interrupted Time Series Analysis. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:600-606. [PMID: 36372434 PMCID: PMC10635813 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016, two consecutive moderate magnitude earthquakes occurred in Ulsan, South Korea. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of earthquakes on the mental health of residents in Ulsan. METHODS We used data from the 2015-2017 Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service National Patient Sample. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using location-based controls. Changes in the number of antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and zolpidem prescriptions in Ulsan were compared to controls. Overall changes in weekly prescriptions 1 year after the first earthquake, compared to a non-earthquake scenario, were estimated. RESULTS In antidepressant prescriptions, the increase in trend after an earthquake was significantly higher than controls. However, the changes in benzodiazepines and zolpidem prescribing were not significant. Overall, the impact of the earthquake on weekly antidepressant prescriptions at 1 year was estimated as a 1.32 (95% CI, 1.18-1.56) rate ratio compared to the non-earthquake scenario. This corresponded to an increase of 1,989.7 (95% CI, 1,202.1-3,063.0) in the number of prescriptions. Among subgroups, the increase was highest among males aged 20-39 years. CONCLUSION The moderate earthquake in Ulsan was associated with an increase in antidepressant prescriptions. The increase in the male group aged 20-39 was the highest. The impact may vary according to the context of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-San Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Yeo
- Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Loyola Filho AID, Firmo JOA, Mambrini JVDM, Peixoto SV, Souza Junior PRBD, Nascimento MMGD. Use of psychotropic drugs by population in an area affected by the tailings dam rupture: Brumadinho Health Project. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 25:e220012. [PMID: 36327417 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220012.supl.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the consumption of psychotropic drugs in the adult population residing in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, after the Vale dam collapse, which occurred in 2019. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, part of the Brumadinho Health Project, developed in 2021, with a representative population-based sample of adults (18 years and over) residing in Brumadinho. A total of 2,805 adults with information on self-reported use of psychotropic drugs (antidepressants and anxiolytics-hypnotics/sedatives) in the last 15 days were included in the analysis. The prevalence of psychotropic drug use was estimated, and the most used psychotropic drugs were identified. Pearson's chi-square test (with Rao-Scott correction) was used to test associations between exposures and use of psychotropic drugs, considering a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS The use of antidepressants (14.2%) was more common than the use of anxiolytics or hypnotics/sedatives (5.2%), with sertraline and fluoxetine being the most used antidepressants. The use of anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives was higher among residents who lived in the area directly affected by the dam's mud, and the use of any psychotropic drug was higher among those who lost a relative/friend in the disaster and assessed that their health worsened after the disaster, and among women. CONCLUSION The results of the study corroborate what was observed in other populations exposed to similar tragedies, regarding the pattern of associations and the of use of psychotropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Ignácio de Loyola Filho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Nursing - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | | | | | - Sérgio Viana Peixoto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Nursing - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
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Amiri H, Riyahifar S, Nakhaee N, Nekoei-Moghadam M. The long-term impact of the earthquake on substance use. Int J Emerg Med 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 36064323 PMCID: PMC9446523 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-022-00449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthquake is associated with several health conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and cardiovascular disease. However, the association between earthquakes and substance use has been less studied to date. We conducted a historical cohort study 17 years after the Bam earthquake by enrolling 818 households using multi-stage cluster sampling. The sample consisted of earthquake-exposed and non-exposed citizens. The ASSIST screening test was used to determine substance use. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of variables of interest with substance use. Nearly 60% of the study subjects were female and the mean ± SD age of the sample was 46.6 ± 11.5 years. The prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use in the exposed group was 19.5%, 24.9%, and 21.6%, respectively. The corresponding figures in the non-exposed group were 15.6%, 19.3%, and 20.1%, respectively (P > 0.05). The logistic regression model found no association between the history of earthquake exposure and the risk of any current drug use. Our results showed those 17 years after the Bam earthquake, there was no relationship between earthquake exposure and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Amiri
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sevda Riyahifar
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nouzar Nakhaee
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Nekoei-Moghadam
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disasters, School of Healthcare Management and Medical Information, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Okazaki Y, Yoshida S, Kashima S, Koike S, Matsumoto M. Impact of the 2018 Japan Floods on prescriptions for migraine: A longitudinal analysis using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims. Headache 2022; 62:657-667. [DOI: 10.1111/head.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Okazaki
- Kitahiroshimacho Yahata Clinic Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Community‐Based Medical Systems Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shuhei Yoshida
- Department of Community‐Based Medical Systems Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Saori Kashima
- Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Soichi Koike
- Division of Health Policy and Management Center for Community Medicine Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Masatoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Community‐Based Medical Systems Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
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Winkler D, Reichardt B, Rothenberg M, Rujescu D, Pjrek E. Prescriptions of psychopharmacologic drugs in Austria in 2019 and 2020 – Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e73. [DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Measures to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have an impact on the mental health of the general population. Drug prescription rates can be used as a surrogate marker to estimate help seeking and health parameters of a population. The aim of this study was to compare psychopharmacologic drug prescriptions in Austria from the start of the pandemic in 2020 over time and with the previous year and to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020.
Methods
Data from the three largest public health insurances in Austria, covering over 98% of the general population, were analyzed. A total of 1,365,294 patients with a prescription of a psychopharmacologic drug in the months March to December in 2019 and 2020 were selected.
Results
There was no significant change in prescribed defined daily doses (DDDs) during the lockdowns. However, there was a stockpiling effect before and at the beginning of lockdown 1. The number of new patients initiating psychopharmacologic treatment was significantly reduced during lockdown 1 but not during lockdown 2.
Conclusions
The first COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 functioned as a barrier for new psychiatric patients seeking help, whereas the patients with ongoing treatments did not have significant problems. These results have to be taken into account for future planning, but follow-up studies are needed, as our results could be indicative of a change in the effect of the protective measures on the utilization of the healthcare system over time.
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Hirschtritt ME, Slama N, Sterling SA, Olfson M, Iturralde E. Psychotropic medication prescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27664. [PMID: 34713861 PMCID: PMC8556031 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study examined changes in psychotropic medication use associated with the early months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using Kaiser Permanente Northern California electronic health records, the authors identified adult patients with fills for psychotropic medications and a non-psychotropic comparator (statins) in the 13 weeks before and after the first-known COVID-19-related death in California (March 4, 2020). Generalized estimating equations were used to derive relative risk ratios (RRR) for medication fills compared with the prior year. Analyses were stratified by new and continued fills and patient characteristics. Among 2,405,824 patients, the mean (SD) age was 49.8 (17.9) years; 52.9% were female; 47.9% identified as White; 8.0% and 7.9% had anxiety and depression disorder diagnoses, respectively. Accounting for secular trends, in the 13 weeks following March 4, 2020, there were increased fills for trazodone (RRR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.04), decreased fills for benzodiazepines (RRR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.94, 0.96) and hypnotics (RRR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96, 0.99), and stable fills for antidepressants (RRR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.00). Relative rates of new fills decreased across most medication classes and continued fills either remained stable or demonstrated non-clinically significant decreases. Patients aged ≥65 years demonstrated decreased fills for most medication classes. In the first 13 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic, fills for most psychotropic medications remained constant or showed small changes relative to the previous year. Continued (compared with new) fills accounted for observed increases in some medication classes. Older adults demonstrated decreased fills of most medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Hirschtritt
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
- The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Natalie Slama
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Stacy A. Sterling
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA
| | - Mark Olfson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Esti Iturralde
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
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Mitigating Psychological Impact: The Experience of Korean Disaster Management. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:416-423. [PMID: 32617736 PMCID: PMC7331911 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The psychological impact of disasters has not been adequately addressed in Korea. This research aims to evaluate how Korea should improve its management of the psychological impact of disasters toward the ultimate goal of effective disaster management. Qualitative content analysis is the main method applied. Nonprofessional management is compared with professional management by considering governments, psychology specialists, disaster victims, and local communities. The main finding is that Korea must change its current management style from nonprofessional to professional. Neighboring nations need to implement supplementary measures toward adopting a systematic approach that considers all phases of the disaster management cycle, emergency planning, and a long-term approach. The value of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of the issue of psychological impact from the perspective of disaster management in Korea.
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Moayed MS, Vahedian-Azimi A, Mirmomeni G, Rahimi-Bashar F, Goharimoghadam K, Pourhoseingholi MA, Abbasi-Farajzadeh M, Babaei M, Sathyapalan T, Guest PC, Sahebkar A. A Survey of Psychological Distress Among the Community in the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1321:253-260. [PMID: 33656730 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aim The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has not only had an impact on physical health but also on psychological health. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence and severity of psychological distress in the community due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted in February and March 2020 in Tehran, Iran. We analyzed demographic characteristics and assessed depression, anxiety, and stress levels in 241 people using convenience sampling and the DASS-21 questionnaire. All statistical analyses were performed using R. Results The study population included 241 community-dwelling participants, of whom 145 were women and 96 were males. The mean age was 49.16 ± 8.01 years. Approximately two-thirds of participants (n = 158) reported no history of comorbid illness. The mean scores of depression and stress were at a "severe" level, while anxiety levels were at an "extremely severe" level. The prevalence of severe and extremely severe depression readings was 51.45 and 38.17%, respectively. In the anxiety subscale, the prevalence of severe and extremely severe depression was 95.90 and 4.1%, and in the stress subscale the prevalence was 48.97 and 4.98%, respectively. Conclusion In this study, people reported experiencing severe and extremely severe psychological distress. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement mental health intervention policies to cope with this ongoing challenge. We suggest that the incorporation of molecular biomarker tests into the algorithm could aid in assessment of patients and guide the most appropriate therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Sadat Moayed
- Trauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Vahedian-Azimi
- Trauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Golshan Mirmomeni
- Hearing Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farshid Rahimi-Bashar
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Keivan Goharimoghadam
- Internal Medicine, Shariati hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Babaei
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland. .,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
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Lee SM, Lee HY, Lee MK, Kim S, Lee S, Lee HW, Park EJ, Sim M, Paik JW. Development of Korean Disaster Mental Health Support Guidelines: Results of a Scoping Review and a Delphi Survey. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:130-138. [PMID: 30808119 PMCID: PMC6393744 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is necessary to develop new guidelines to delineate the best ways of providing psychosocial care to ensure mental health following a disaster. METHODS This study applied the scoping review method as a means of establishing evidence-based guidelines for disaster mental health services. A total of 440 literatures were selected through a scoping review of 20,864 documents. Twenty-three recognized experts were invited to participate in the survey and a two-round online Delphi survey was conducted. RESULTS The concordance rate in the Delphi Round 1 was 95.1%. Six items were excluded and new items were formulated with experts' suggestions. A total of 23 statements were slightly modified to clarify their meaning. In the Delphi Round 2, all items were met with consensus. The three items with the highest consensus among the experts were related to the protection of personal information and privacy. The item with the lowest consensus among experts was related to debriefing. Other items were related to establishing mental health support centers and suicide prevention activities. CONCLUSION 140 items were developed through scoping reviews based on evidence-based methodology. These items were used to describe the disaster mental health support identified in Delphi. The guideline will provide a foundation for effective preparation and response in disaster situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Lee
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sorae Lee
- Department of Behavioral Health, Brian Allgood Army Hospital/121st Combat Support Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Woo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Sim
- National Center for Trauma, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Paik
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Social support moderates association between posttraumatic growth and trauma-related psychopathologies among victims of the Sewol Ferry Disaster. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:507-514. [PMID: 30616117 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Disasters have numerous harmful effects on the mental health status of trauma-exposed people. We investigated the differences in the association between trauma-related psychopathologies and posttraumatic growth according to the perceived social support level among victims of the Sewol Ferry disaster on April 16, 2014, in South Korea. Data from 241 bereaved family members, survivors, and family members of survivors were used. The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, PTSD Checklist-5, Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-Rating Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 were used to evaluate perceived social support, posttraumatic growth, and trauma-related psychopathologies. We found that the severity of depression and anxiety showed inverse correlations with posttraumatic growth only in the low-social support group, while they did not demonstrate significant correlations in the high-social support group. The social support level had correlations with posttraumatic growth and the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic embitterment disorder only in female respondents. Furthermore, there was a mediation pathway from social support level to posttraumatic growth through depressive symptoms. This study explored the complex relationship between social support, posttraumatic growth, trauma-related psychopathologies, and gender among trauma-exposed individuals in the aftermath of the Sewol Ferry disaster.
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Changes in the levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety in Ansan city after the 2014 Sewol ferry disaster. J Affect Disord 2018; 241:110-116. [PMID: 30118944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In April 2014, a ferry carrying 476 passengers sunk on the coast of Korea, resulting in 304 deaths. Of these, 250 were local high school students, and the disaster significantly affected their community. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety among Ansan city residents to understand their recovery process after the accident. METHODS Two cross-sectional surveys (survey 1, after 4-6 months and survey 2, after 16-18 months of disaster) were used to compare prevalence among residents of Ansan city and adjacent cities. Symptoms were determined by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale. RESULTS A total of 1,773 and 1,748 participants were included in Survey 1 and Survey 2, respectively. Survey 1 showed a significantly higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (19.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.9-21.1) and anxiety (6.1%; 95% CI, 5.0-7.5) among Ansan city, compared to participants from adjacent cities (depressive symptoms: 14.3%; 95% CI, 12.7-16.1; anxiety: 3.6%; 95% CI, 2.9-4.5). Survey 2 showed a decreased prevalence of depression (15.8%; 95% CI, 14.0-17.9) and anxiety (5.0%; 95% CI, 4.0-6.4) among Ansan city residents. Depressive symptoms and anxiety adjusted odds ratio in survey 2 compared with survey 1 were 0.74 (95% CI 0.62-0.89) and 0.81 (0.60-1.08) among Ansan city, respectively. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional study design and lack of pre-disaster baseline data for comparison are limitations of this study. CONCLUSIONS Psychological distress occurred at a population level, not only among survivors and their families, but also among Ansan city residents indirectly impacted by the traumatic event. Although populations indirectly affected by a disaster show a natural recovery process, timely population-based interventions may be helpful.
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