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Ruiz AC, de Lara Machado W, D'avila HF, Feoli AMP. Intuitive eating in the COVID-19 era: a study with university students in Brazil. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2024; 37:28. [PMID: 39052133 PMCID: PMC11272766 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recurrence of weight gain is attributed to the homeostatic regulation of hunger and satiety signals, influenced by metabolic state, nutrient availability, and non-homeostatic mechanisms shaped by reinforced consequences from experiences. In response, Evelyn Tribole and Elyse Resch proposed Intuitive Eating (IE) in 1980, countering restrictive diets. IE, inversely correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), binge eating, and anxiety/depression symptoms, fosters mind-body-food harmony by recognizing hunger and satiety cues. IE encourages meeting physiological, not emotional, needs, permitting unconditional eating, and relying on internal signals for food decisions. Amidst university students' stress, exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding their eating behavior, particularly intuitive eating levels, becomes crucial. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the IE level of Brazilian students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional study, the first to analyze the Intuitive Eating of students in Brazil during the pandemic, was conducted using an online questionnaire. RESULTS The sample comprised 1335 students, most of whom were women (82.17%), with a mean age of 26.12 ± 7.9 years, and a healthy nutritional status (57.58%). The mean IE score was 3.2 ± 0.6. A significant association was found between the confinement situation, the type of housing unit, and the IE subscale-Unconditional Permission to Eat (p = 0.043). However, there was no association between the other subscales and the total IE scale. Regarding self-reported mental and eating disorders, the most frequent were anxiety (21.2%), depression (6.5%), and binge eating disorder (BED) (4.7%). IE was negatively associated with BED (B = - 0.66; p < .001), bulimia nervosa (B = - 0.58; p < .001), body mass index (BMI) (p < .001) and self-reported anxiety (B = - .102; p = 0.16). The male sex showed a higher IE score compared with the female sex (p < .001). CONCLUSION While no significant association was found between IE and the confinement situation, a significant association was found between housing type and the Unconditional Permission to Eat subscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corrêa Ruiz
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681-Partenon, Porto Alegre, Brazil-RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner de Lara Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681-Partenon, Porto Alegre, Brazil-RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Helen Freitas D'avila
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil-RS, 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Pandolfo Feoli
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681-Partenon, Porto Alegre, Brazil-RS, 90619-900, Brazil.
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Albuquerque Perrelli JG, García-Cerde R, Medeiros PFPD, Sanchez ZM. Profiles of mental illness in college students and associated factors: A latent class analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:9-19. [PMID: 38701610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Mental illness among university students poses a pressing challenge for educational institutions, urging the need for strategies that foster health and mitigate mental distress, with an emphasis on preventing suicide. Our study sought to discern the profiles of mental illness among college students and explore the factors associated with them. We examined data from 918 students at a Brazilian Federal Institute, utilizing Latent Class Analysis and multinomial regression for our analyses. We identified three distinct mental illness profiles: Anxiety with Low Suicide Risk; Mental Illness with Moderate Suicide Risk; and Mental Illness with High Suicide Risk. We observed a reduced association of these profiles with religious beliefs. Conversely, there was a heightened association with cisgender women, individuals identifying as LGBTQI+, those with learning disabilities, and victims of sexual violence. Our findings underscore the importance of tailored prevention and health promotion programs to enhance student well-being. There's a compelling need to devise mental health strategies tailored to the specific needs of the identified groups, particularly students from the LGBTQI + community, survivors of sexual abuse, and those grappling with learning disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Galdino Albuquerque Perrelli
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo García-Cerde
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kassahun GT, Addis F, Mossie TB, Belete H, Munie BM. Suicidal behavior and associated factors among holy water users at Northwest, Ethiopia, 2023: an institution based cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1398363. [PMID: 38863616 PMCID: PMC11165697 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1398363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a serious cause of mortality that affects families, communities, and the entire country. Because of a lack of national systematic reporting for cause-specific mortality, a high level of stigma, and religious non-acceptance, suicidal behavior is an under-reported and concealed cause of death in the majority of low- and middle-income countries. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal behavior and associated factors among holy water users at the Andassa Saint George Monastery, 2023. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Andassa Saint George Monastery from 5 April to 5 May 2023. A systematic random sampling method was utilized to select 423 study participants and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised was used to assess suicidal behavior. The data were gathered using the epicollect5 software with a face-to-face interview method then exported to SPSS-25 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used and all variables in a bivariate analysis with a p-value of less than 0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results The prevalence of suicidal behavior among holy water users was 9.7% (95% CI: 7.1-12.4). Being female [2.632 (1.206-5.748)], living alone [2.52 (1.06-5.97)], and having depression [3.03 (1.32-6.99)], epilepsy [3.82 (1.28-11.40)], and diabetes mellitus [3.37 (1.229-9.25)] were significantly associated with suicidal behavior. Conclusion In this study, almost 1 in 10 had engaged in suicidal behavior in their lifetime. Several risk factors for suicidal behavior were identified, including being female, living alone, and having diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedefaw Tegegne Kassahun
- Department of Psychiatry, Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Fikir Addis
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Belete Mossie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Habte Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Mengist Munie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Haddadi Barzoki M. School belonging and depressive symptoms: the mediating roles of social inclusion and loneliness. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:205-211. [PMID: 38247289 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2304067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and depressive symptoms are prevalent among Finns. OBJECTIVES This study, which analyzes nationwide data from 149,986 students aged 13-18 years in Finland, focuses on the mediating effects of social inclusion and loneliness in the association between school belonging and depressive symptoms. METHOD AND RESULTS The analysis of variance showed that boys reported higher levels of school belonging and social inclusion, whereas girls reported higher levels of loneliness and depressive symptoms. Mediation analysis showed that social inclusion and loneliness partially mediated the effect of school belonging on depressive symptoms, but that social inclusion's effect was much greater than loneliness's. By focusing on the moderating role of sex, it was discovered that social inclusion significantly mediated depressive symptoms in girls more than boys. CONCLUSION The importance of social inclusion in preventing depressive symptoms was highlighted in the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Haddadi Barzoki
- Department of Social Sciences and Business Studies, University of Eastern Finland | UEF, Kuopio, Finland
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Kim Y, Kim J, Oh JW, Lee S. Association between drinking behaviors, sleep duration, and depressive symptoms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5992. [PMID: 38472308 PMCID: PMC10933407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to depression. This study, utilizing nationwide samples from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 21,440) examined the association between drinking behaviors and depressive symptoms while also exploring the influence of sleep duration on this relationship. Demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors were included as covariates in the multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess their relationships with depressive symptoms. Based on their sleep duration, the participants were divided into subgroups to explore how sleep duration affects the relationship between drinking behaviors and depressive symptoms. Moderate alcohol consumption (1-4 times a month) was associated with reduced likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms in women (p = 0.024), with a similar trend observed among men (p = 0.001). Men who started consuming alcohol before the age of 19 had a higher likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms (p = 0.048). Only women who consumed more alcohol per occasion (≥ 7 drinks) had higher odds of depressive symptoms (p = 0.001). This study revealed complex factors that influence depressive symptoms, including alcohol consumption and sleep duration. This highlights the importance of tailored interventions based on sleep duration and sociodemographic characteristics for preventing and treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Oh
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah Asia Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - San Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Cao X, Gao W. Does anxiety consistently affect the achievement goals of college students? A four-wave longitudinal investigation from China. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 43:10495-10508. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-05184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
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Kılıçarslan Ş, Çelik S, Güngör AY, Alkan Ö. The role of effective factors on suicidal tendency of women in Turkey. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1332937. [PMID: 38274522 PMCID: PMC10809711 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1332937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim This study aims to identify the variables that influence the suicidal tendency of women who are married, have had a relationship or are currently in a relationship in Turkey. Methods This study uses cross-sectional data from the 2014 Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies National Research on Domestic Violence Against Women in Turkey. Data from 6,458 women between the ages of 15 and 49 were analyzed in this dataset. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors influencing women's suicidal tendencies. Results Based on the analysis's findings, age, education level, health status, number of children, the sector in which the spouse/partner works, the drinking status of the spouse/partner, the situation where the spouse/partner fights with another man in a way that involves physical violence, the cheating status of the spouse/partner, the controlling behaviour of the spouse/partner, exposure to various types of violence by both the spouse/partner and someone other than the partner, and the household income level variables were found to be associated with the suicidal tendency of women. Conclusion Prioritizing women who are, in particular, between the ages of 15 and 24, live in the south of Turkey, have a high school education, are in poor health, are childless, have low household incomes, live with an unemployed spouse or partner, and are exposed to various forms of violence from their partner or other sources can be achieved more effective results in reducing and preventing women's suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şerife Kılıçarslan
- Oltu Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Finance and Banking, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Sefa Çelik
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Abdullah Y. Güngör
- Oltu Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ömer Alkan
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Econometrics, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
- Master Araştırma Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Hizmetleri Ltd. Şti., Erzurum, Türkiye
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da Silva Araújo PS, da Silveira TB, de Moura FR, Dos Santos Maidana M, de Sousa GRD, de Carvalho Dumith S, da Silva Júnior FMR. Epidemiological profile, temporal analysis, and future projections of suicide cases in rural cities in the extreme south of Brazil. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:965-978. [PMID: 37731290 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2258914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to verify the time series (2000-2017) of death rates by suicide and its associated factors in 4 municipalities in the extreme south of Brazil. Data were obtained through the analysis of medical reports and police report bulletins at the Instituto Médico Legal, in the city of Rio Grande. The suicide rate in the Rio Grande region varied from 4 to 11 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants and it is estimated that by 2030 this rate could reach 16.5 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants. The rural cities of Santa Vitória do Palmar and Chuí present even higher suicide averages when compared to Rio Grande, the most populous city of the four. The death rate from suicide increased gradually in the period analyzed, with the prevalence rising among the youngest and the elderly population. A more comprehensive understanding of the influences of environmental issues on suicidal decisions constitutes an important action that needs to be taken, both because of regional vulnerabilities and the target population identified. Evidence indicates that knowledge of factors affecting individuals residing in this Brazilian region where increased suicide rates are recorded needs to be recognized as a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Santos da Silva Araújo
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande-RS, Brasil
| | - Tatiane Britto da Silveira
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande-RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande-RS, Brasil
| | - Fernando Rafael de Moura
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande-RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande-RS, Brasil
| | - Merlyn Dos Santos Maidana
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande-RS, Brasil
| | - Guaraciaba Ribeiro Duarte de Sousa
- Posto Médico-Legal de Rio Grande, Departamento de Perícias do Interior, Instituto Geral de Perícias, Praça Barão de São José do Norte - Rua Aquidaban - Centro, Rio Grande- RS, Brasil
| | - Samuel de Carvalho Dumith
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande-RS, Brasil
| | - Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande-RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande-RS, Brasil
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Voss C, Shorter P, Weatrowski G, Mueller-Coyne J, Turner K. A comparison of anxiety levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:2669-2689. [PMID: 35503814 PMCID: PMC9086220 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221093250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 Pandemic upended the lives of nearly everyone worldwide, and recent studies have reported higher rates of anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems. Using a repeated crosssectional design, the current study compares anxiety levels from a representative sample of college students prior-to and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Additionally, differences in anxiety prior to and following U.S. approval for use of the Pfizer-BioNTtech COVID-19 vaccine were also compared. Findings indicate that state-anxiety levels did not differ significantly prior to and during the Pandemic as well as before the vaccine and during and after the vaccine (M = 43.01, 44.10, 44.77, respectively). Surprisingly, trait anxiety levels were significantly higher during the Pandemic than before (p = .003), and anxiety levels trend down after the approval of the vaccine, but not significantly (M = 45.10, 48.85, 47.58, respectively). Future research should continue to investigate and compare anxiety levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Voss
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe Shorter
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Grace Weatrowski
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Katherine Turner
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Demenech LM, Neiva-Silva L, Brignol SMS, Marcon SR, Lemos SM, Tassitano RM, Dumith SC. Suicide risk among undergraduate students in Brazil in the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the SABES-Grad national survey. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4977-4989. [PMID: 35698864 PMCID: PMC9237487 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undergraduate students present high rates of psychological distress, including suicide risk. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this scenario may have been aggravated. Thus, the objective of the current study was to evaluate changes in the suicide risk rate from the period before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the factors associated with this outcome among Brazilian undergraduate students. METHODS This was a nationwide survey carried out in Brazil with a cross-sectional design, including two data collection periods: a single-center in-person collection in 2019 and another multicenter online collection in 2020/2021. Data were collected using self-administered instruments. The outcome was a high risk of suicide, measured through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Analyses were carried out on data from two periods, i.e. before and during the pandemic (bivariate analysis and interaction tests), and a model of associated factors (multivariate analysis using Poisson regression) was developed including all participating universities distributed in the five regions of Brazil. RESULTS In total, 6716 Brazilian undergraduate students participated (996 in 2019 and 5720 in 2020/2021). The prevalence of a high suicide risk rose from 11.3% to 17.0%, especially among women and poorer individuals. The prevalence of a high risk of suicide among Brazilian undergraduates was 19.6% and was associated with several socioeconomic, academic, pandemic, and mental health factors. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of a high suicide risk increased from prepandemic to during the pandemic, appearing to be largely influenced by social determinants, in conjunction with the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Miranda Demenech
- Center for Studies on Risk and Health (CERIS), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Neiva-Silva
- Center for Studies on Risk and Health (CERIS), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychology (PPGPsi), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Samira Reschetti Marcon
- Graduate Program in Nursing (PPGEnf), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Sônia Maria Lemos
- School of Health Sciences (ESA), Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Rafael Miranda Tassitano
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Samuel C. Dumith
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Rech M, Diaz GB, Schaab BL, Rech CGSL, Calvetti PÜ, Reppold CT. Association of Emotional Self-Regulation with Psychological Distress and Positive Functioning Dimensions in Brazilian University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6428. [PMID: 37510660 PMCID: PMC10379342 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Emotional self-regulation is a relevant factor for human development capable of minimizing emotional difficulties in the face of adverse events, as was particularly useful during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to evaluate emotional self-regulation in Brazilian health science university students and its relationship with positive psychology constructs (subjective well-being, hope, optimism, spirituality, self-compassion, and self-efficacy) and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress). This was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational, analytic study of 1062 Brazilian undergraduate students with data collected using self-administered online questionnaires. Students in the first years of their undergraduate degree programs had significantly higher dysregulation scores than those in the final years. Multiple linear regression yielded a model that explained 71.8% of the variation in emotion dysregulation. The correlations of emotion dysregulation were significant and strong, scoring negatively with self-compassion, optimism, and subjective well-being and positively with psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Rech
- Research Laboratory for Psychological Assessment, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bertoletti Diaz
- Research Laboratory for Psychological Assessment, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Bruno Luis Schaab
- Research Laboratory for Psychological Assessment, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Carolina Garcia Soares Leães Rech
- Research Laboratory for Psychological Assessment, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Prisla Ücker Calvetti
- Research Laboratory for Psychological Assessment, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tozzi Reppold
- Research Laboratory for Psychological Assessment, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
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Çelik DÖ, Haney MÖ. The relationship between depression, healthy lifestyle behaviors and internet addiction: a cross-sectional study of the athlete university students in Turkey. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1222931. [PMID: 37484666 PMCID: PMC10359973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1222931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health research exists for university students in the areas of prevalence and association of depression, internet addiction and healthy lifestyle behaviors. However, the studies examining prevalence rates and these relationships in athlete university students are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between depression, healthy lifestyle behaviors and internet addiction among athlete university students in Turkey. Methods A cross-sectional design was conducted, measuring depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, healthy lifestyle behaviors (HPLP-II), and internet addiction (YIAT-SF). Predictive factors associated with depressive symptoms were estimated using binary logistic regression. Results Of the 501 participants, 61.3% were male, with a mean age of 21.45 years (SD: 3.19). Student-athletes were at risk of depressive symptoms (76.4%), internet addiction (34.4%) and had moderate healthy lifestyle behaviors (130.41 ± 22.93). No significant differences were found for age, smoking, time spent on social network, number of sports days, number of social networks use for depressive symptoms (p > 0.05), however significant differences were found for depressive symptoms by sex and living with family status (p < 0.05). Pathological internet addiction (OR: 12.74, 95% CI: 2.91-55.77) and low spiritual growth (OR: 0.854, 95% CI: 0.79-0.92) were found to be predictors of depressive symptoms within the athlete university students (p < 0.001). Conclusion The athlete university students are at increased risk for depressive symptoms and internet addiction and decreased healthy lifestyle behaviors. It is essential to establish programs to improve the mental health of students in universities and to strengthen the psychological counseling services offered to students. These findings can assist universities in establishing effective measures to improve mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Öztürk Çelik
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Türkiye
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Pereira CC, Pedroso CF, Batista SRR, Guimarães RA. Prevalence and factors associated with multimorbidity in adults in Brazil, according to sex: a population-based cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1193428. [PMID: 37342274 PMCID: PMC10278573 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1193428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multimorbidity, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases in the same individual, represents a significant health challenge. However, there is limited evidence on its prevalence and associated factors in developing countries, such as Brazil, especially stratified by sex. Thus, this study aims to estimate the prevalence and analyze the factors associated with multimorbidity in Brazilian adults according to sex. Methods Cross-sectional population-based household survey carried out with Brazilian adults aged 18 years or older. The sampling strategy consisted of a three-stage conglomerate plan. The three stages were performed through simple random sampling. Data were collected through individual interviews. Multimorbidity was classified based on a list of 14 self-reported chronic diseases/conditions. Poisson regression analysis was performed to estimate the magnitude of the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with the prevalence of multimorbidity stratified by sex. Results A total of 88,531 individuals were included. In absolute terms, the prevalence of multimorbidity was 29.4%. The frequency in men and women was 22.7 and 35.4%, respectively. Overall, multimorbidity was more prevalent among women, the older people, residents of the South and Southeast regions, urban area residents, former smokers, current smokers, physically inactive, overweight, and obese adults. Individuals with complete high school/incomplete higher education had a lower prevalence of multimorbidity than those with higher educational level. The associations between education and multimorbidity differed between sexes. In men, multimorbidity was inversely associated with the strata of complete middle school/incomplete high school and complete high school/incomplete higher education, while in women, the association between these variables was not observed. Physical inactivity was positively associated with a higher prevalence of multimorbidity only in men. An inverse association was verified between the recommended fruit and vegetable consumption and multimorbidity for the total sample and both sexes. Conclusion One in four adults had multimorbidity. Prevalence increased with increasing age, among women, and was associated with some lifestyles. Multimorbidity was significantly associated with educational level and physical inactivity only in men. The results suggest the need to adopt integrated strategies to reduce the magnitude of multimorbidity, specific by gender, including actions for health promotion, disease prevention, health surveillance and comprehensive health care in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandro Rogério Rodrigues Batista
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Federal District Health Department, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rafael Alves Guimarães
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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da Silva CCG, Bolognani CV, Amorim FF, Imoto AM. Effectiveness of training programs based on mindfulness in reducing psychological distress and promoting well-being in medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 37147732 PMCID: PMC10160720 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical schools have used mindfulness meditation as a strategy to assist students in stress management. This study aimed to seek evidence regarding the effectiveness of mindfulness-based training programs in reducing psychological distress and promoting the well-being of medical students. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO/PsycNet, LILACS/BVS, ERIC (ProQuest), Web of Science, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized clinical trials published until March 2022, without time or language restrictions. Two authors independently screened the articles, extracted data using a standardized extraction form, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 (ROB 2) tool and the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. RESULTS Of the 848 articles retrieved, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Mindfulness-based training improved the outcomes: mindfulness (small post-intervention effect: SMD = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.54; p = 0.03; I2 = 46%; high evidence quality, and small effect at follow-up: SMD = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.70; p = 0.03; I2 = 53%; low evidence quality), psychological well-being/health (there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the post-intervention effect: SMD = - 0.27; 95% CI: - 0.67 to 0.13; p = 0.18; I2 = 76%; moderate evidence quality, and a significant difference at follow-up: SMD = - 0.73; 95% CI: - 1.23 to - 0.23; p = 0.004; I2 = 61%; low evidence quality), and stress (small post-intervention effect: SMD = - 0.29; CI of 95%: - 0.56 to - 0.02; p = 0.04; I2 = 57%; moderate evidence quality, and moderate effect at follow-up: SMD = - 0.45, 95% CI: - 0.67 to - 0.22, p = 0.0001, I2 = 0%, moderate evidence quality). The quality of evidence for the anxiety, depression, and resilience outcomes is low and for the empathy outcome, very low. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the students who participated in the mindfulness training perceived improvements in the stress and psychological distress symptoms and improved health perception and psychological well-being. However, the significant heterogeneity among studies should be considered when interpreting these findings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020153169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cardoso Gomes da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Coordenação de Cursos Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), Setor Médico Hospitalar Norte, Conjunto A, Bloco 01, Edifício Fepecs - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70710-907, Brazil.
- Coordenação de Pesquisa e Comunicação Científica, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), Setor Médico Hospitalar Norte, Conjunto A, Bloco 01, Edifício Fepecs - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70710-907, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Vicari Bolognani
- Coordenação de Pesquisa e Comunicação Científica, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), Setor Médico Hospitalar Norte, Conjunto A, Bloco 01, Edifício Fepecs - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70710-907, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ferreira Amorim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Coordenação de Cursos Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), Setor Médico Hospitalar Norte, Conjunto A, Bloco 01, Edifício Fepecs - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70710-907, Brazil
| | - Aline Mizusaki Imoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Coordenação de Cursos Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), Setor Médico Hospitalar Norte, Conjunto A, Bloco 01, Edifício Fepecs - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70710-907, Brazil
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Golshiri P, Mostofi A, Rouzbahani S. The effect of problem-solving and assertiveness training on self-esteem and mental health of female adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:106. [PMID: 37032337 PMCID: PMC10084687 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents are the assets of the society and their mental and physical health ensures the future health of next generations. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of problem-solving and assertiveness skill training on improving self-esteem and mental health in high school female students of Isfahan city in 2019. METHODS This study was a randomized clinical trial. The target population was 10th grade female high school students in Isfahan city of Iran. 96 students of a female public high school were included in the study, allocated to two groups, 32 for intervention group and 64 for control group. Six 90-min sessions were considered for problem-solving and assertiveness skill training which included lectures, question and answer, movie displaying, brainstorming and role-play. The Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory Questionnaire (CSEI) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used in order to evaluate the variables of the study before and one month after the intervention. RESULTS Mean scores of the self-esteem variable changed significantly in the intervention group compared to control group before (25.2 ± 2.905) and after (29.9 ± 4.155) the intervention (p < 0.05). Mean scores of mental health also changed significantly before (27.67 ± 5.42) and after (19.033 ± 4.9) the intervention in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study showed that educational intervention based on problem-solving and assertiveness can enhance self-esteem and mental health in students. Future studies are needed to confirm and determine the structure of these associations. Trial Registration IRCT Code: IRCT20171230038142N9. Registration Date: 07/07/2019. Ethics Code: IR.MUI.MED.REC.1398.130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Golshiri
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Physician, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mostofi
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Physician, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Rouzbahani
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Physician, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Kaggwa MM, Najjuka SM, Favina A, Griffiths MD, Mamun MA. Suicidal behaviors and associated factors among medical students in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Zhou SC, Luo D, Wang XQ, Zhu J, Wu S, Sun T, Li XY, Kang L, Ma S, Lu B, Liu Q, Yang BX, Liu Z. Suicidal ideation in college students having major depressive disorder: Role of childhood trauma, personality and dysfunctional attitudes. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:311-318. [PMID: 35597473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide in college students is a major public health concern. Suicidal ideation (SI) is associated with childhood trauma, personality, dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms, but how they interact to predict SI remains unclear. METHODS Using cross-sectional design and convenience sampling method, a survey was conducted among 565 college students having major depressive disorder (MDD). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale assessed participants' psychosocial factors. Chi-square test, t-test, Pearson correlation, and Structural Equation Model were used in data analysis. RESULTS Overall, 66.02% of participants with MDD had SI. Those with SI showed significant differences in physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, psychoticism, neuroticism, extroversion, dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms compared with those without SI. Childhood trauma, psychoticism, neuroticism, extroversion and dysfunctional attitudes affected SI through chain mediation. In addition, depressive symptoms, psychoticism, neuroticism and extroversion directly affected SI. LIMITATIONS The convenience sampling method may limit the generalizability of the findings. Results may be biased due to the self-report nature of the data collection procedure, the number of research subjects and differences in suicide risk assessment. The cross-sectional study cannot be used to infer causality. CONCLUSIONS The factors of childhood trauma, personality and dysfunctional attitudes affect SI through chain mediation. In addition, depressive symptoms and personality independently predict the occurrence of SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen Zhou
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Qin Wang
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyong Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuqin Wu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Health science center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin Yi Li
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baili Lu
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bing Xiang Yang
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Chen NH, Liu LM, Liu HY, Hsieh IC, Tsai CC. Psychological distress among first-year health science students in Taiwan. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10121. [PMID: 35991974 PMCID: PMC9389246 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion Some first-year health science students are at risk of psychological distress. Anxiety and self-harm are common among first-year health science students. Students in four-year programs are more likely to experience mental health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Hung Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Mei Liu
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Ching Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
- Corresponding author.
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Almeida RBD, Demenech LM, Sousa-Filho PGD, Neiva-Silva L. ACT em Grupo para Manejo de Ansiedade entre Universitários: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703003235684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Estima-se que um a cada cinco estudantes universitários ao redor do mundo apresenta algum tipo de transtorno psicológico, dentre os quais os transtornos de ansiedade são os mais prevalentes. Este estudo consiste em um ensaio clínico randomizado com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia e efetividade de um protocolo semiestruturado de psicoterapia em grupo baseado nos princípios da Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso (ACT) para o tratamento de ansiedade entre estudantes universitários. Os participantes foram alocados aleatoriamente entre os grupos intervenção e controle. Os níveis de ansiedade pré e pós-intervenção foram avaliados por meio do instrumento General Anxiety Disorders-7 (GAD-7). A amostra final do estudo foi composta por 15 pessoas, dentre as quais 10 foram alocadas no grupo intervenção e 5, no grupo controle. Os resultados foram analisados de duas formas: a) por protocolo (Per-protocol analysis); e b) por intenção de tratar (Intention-to-treat Analysis). Este tratamento reduziu a sintomatologia ansiosa em 39,7% entre os pacientes que completaram o tratamento (por protocolo, p=0,030) e em 30,8% entre todos alocados para o grupo intervenção (i.e., por intenção de tratar, incluindo os dropouts, p=0,035), enquanto os controles não tiveram redução significativa no mesmo período. Portanto, recomenda-se a utilização deste protocolo dentro do contexto universitário como uma alternativa viável ao acompanhamento individual em situações de transtornos de ansiedade. Pesquisas futuras com amostras maiores podem contribuir na consolidação deste protocolo.
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Demographics, Socioeconomic Status, Social Distancing, Psychosocial Factors and Psychological Well-Being among Undergraduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147215. [PMID: 34299665 PMCID: PMC8306047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted on academic routine because of the social distancing measures. This study examined the relationships of sociodemographic characteristics, social distancing aspects and psychosocial factors on psychosocial well-being among undergraduate students during the social distancing period due to COVID-19. A web-based survey was conducted of undergraduate students at a public university in Brazil (n = 620). Demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), social distancing factors, negative affectivity (DASS-21), sense of coherence (SOC-13), social support and psychosocial well-being (GHQ-12) were measured. The direct and indirect links between was variables was tested using structural equation modelling. The estimated model showed that greater social support, higher sense of coherence and lower negative affectivity were directly associated with better psychological well-being. Female gender, higher SES, not working during the social distancing period and availability of online modules were indirectly associated with psychological well-being through psychosocial factors. Working during the social distancing period and availability of online modules mediated the link of age, gender, SES with psychological well-being. Our findings suggest the need to provide psychological support, online teaching and financial aid to undergraduate students during the social distancing period due to COVID-19 pandemic to improve their psychological well-being.
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Blanco V, Salmerón M, Otero P, Vázquez FL. Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress and Prevalence of Major Depression and Its Predictors in Female University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115845. [PMID: 34072413 PMCID: PMC8198394 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression, anxiety and stress are increasingly concerning phenomena in our society, with serious consequences on physical and mental health. The repercussions may be particularly devastating in particular population subgroups, such as female university students. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and the prevalence of depression and associated factors, in Spanish university women. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a random sample of 871 students from the Santiago de Compostela University (mean age 20.7 years, SD = 2.8). Information was collected on sociodemographic and academic characteristics; symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress; diagnosis of major depression; optimism, resilience, social support, life engagement, and five personality domains, using validated instruments. Of the participants, 18.1%, 22.8% and 13.5% presented with severe/very severe levels of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. A total of 12.9% had major depression. Higher life engagement was associated with lower risk of depression (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87–0.98), while higher levels of neuroticism (OR = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.12–1.28) and openness to experience (OR = 1.08, 95% CI, 1.02–1.14) were associated with greater risk. These findings reveal an alarming percentage of female university students who experience major depression and severe/very severe stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881-813-744
| | - Mar Salmerón
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (F.L.V.)
| | - Patricia Otero
- Department of Psychology, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Fernando L. Vázquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (F.L.V.)
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