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Jin X, Jiang Q, Xiong W, Zhao W. Effects of use motivations and alexithymia on smartphone addiction: mediating role of insecure attachment. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1227931. [PMID: 37529314 PMCID: PMC10389275 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Concern exists regarding the potential negative consequences of smartphone addiction among adolescents. This study investigated the effect of use motivations and alexithymia on smartphone addiction among adolescents with two insecure attachment styles, namely, anxious and avoidant attachment. These attachment styles were regarded as mediating variables. Methods Self-report measures were used to assess use motivations, alexithymia, insecure attachment and smartphone addiction. Data were collected from 748 junior high school students (382 males and 366 females) in northeastern China. Structural equation modeling was used to test our hypothesis that use motivations and alexithymia are directly associated with smartphone addiction and also through the mediation of attachment insecurities. Results The structural equation modeling results showed a strong and positive correlation between use motivation and smartphone addiction, with avoidant attachment mediating such a relationship. Meanwhile, the two components of alexithymia, difficulty identifying feelings and externally oriented thinking, positively predicted smartphone addiction, with avoidant attachment serving as a mediator of this effect. In addition, the mediation analysis results demonstrated that attachment anxiety mediated the connection between escape drive, extrinsically focused thought, and smartphone addiction. Conclusion Findings describe how attachment insecurities, smartphone use motivations, and alexithymia can interact with one another to predict smartphone addiction. Smartphone use motivation types and alexithymia symptoms should be taken into consideration when designing targeted intervention programs for smartphone addiction to address the different attachment needs of adolescents, which would be helpful to reduce their smartphone addiction behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Jin
- Jiangsu Research Center of “Internet Plus Education,” Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiyan Xiong
- Department of International Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Komasi S, Jananeh M, Mahdavi S, Shademan T, Vaysi A, Shahlaee M, Mirani A, Chamandoust Z, Saeidi M. The maladaptive domains according to the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) criterion B in patients with affective disorders and temperamental triads related to these domains: two unique profiles. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:83. [PMID: 36978163 PMCID: PMC10053052 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to (i) compare the maladaptive domains and facets according to the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) Criterion B in patients with a type II bipolar disorder (BD-II) or major depressive disorder (MDD) with healthy controls (HCs), and (ii) investigating the relationship between affective temperaments and these domains and facets in the total sample. METHODS Outpatients diagnosed with current BD-II (n = 37; female 62.2%) or MDD (n = 17; female 82.4%) based on the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria and community HCs (n = 177; female 62.1%) in Kermanshah from July to October 2020 included this case-control study. All participants completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. RESULTS The score of patients with BD-II in all five domains and those with MDD in three domains including negative affectivity, detachment, and disinhibition are significantly higher than the HCs (p < 0.05). Depressive temperament (related to negative affectivity, detachment, and disinhibition) and cyclothymic temperament (related to antagonism and psychoticism) were the most important correlates of the maladaptive domains. CONCLUSIONS Two unique profiles are proposed, including three domains of negative affectivity, detachment, and disinhibition associated with the depressive temperament for MDD, and two domains of antagonism and psychoticism related to cyclothymic temperament for BD-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Komasi
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Minoo Jananeh
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Sahar Mahdavi
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shademan
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Anis Vaysi
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Shahlaee
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Atefeh Mirani
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Chamandoust
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Saeidi
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
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Vecchiotti R, Mansueto G, Marziali RA, Marconi M, Valchera A, Cosci F. The mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between affective temperament and craving: Cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of bipolar and alcohol use disorder patients. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:110-118. [PMID: 36632847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) commonly co-occur and their interplay is influenced by several factors. Alexithymia is connected to BD and AUD; affective temperaments serve as risk factors for both; craving contributes to the development and maintenance of AUD. The present study tested whether alexithymia play a mediating role in the relationship between affective temperaments and craving in alcoholic bipolar patients. METHODS 151 alcoholic bipolar patients (38 % females, mean age: 45.69 ± 9.04 years) were enrolled. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego scale (TEMPS-A), and the Typology Craving Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered. Correlations among TAS-20, TEMPS-A, CTQ were conducted. Regression analyses were applied to verify the mediating hypothesis. RESULTS Difficulty in identifying feelings mediated the association between anxious temperament and craving (Indirect effect: 0.42, BCaCI: 0.22-0.69), cyclothymic temperament and craving (Indirect effect: 0.55, BCaCI: 0.30-0.87), irritable temperament and craving (Indirect effect: 0.45, BCaCI: 0.19-0.80). TAS-20 difficulty in communicating feelings to others mediated the association between anxious temperament and craving (Indirect effect: 0.20, BCaCI: 0.06-0.41). LIMITATIONS The sample size did not allow subgroup analyses. Data were collected cross-sectionally and in a single center. We did not investigate whether BD or AUD occurred first, although it might influence the mediation role of alexithymia. CONCLUSION Among alcoholic bipolar patients, assessing and targeting alexithymia may be useful to modulate craving and, in turn improve, the general mental status of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Vecchiotti
- Villa San Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas, Hospitalarias, Ascoli Piceno, Italy; Polyedra Research, Polyedra, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mansueto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Pharmacopsychology Laboratory, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Marconi
- Villa San Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas, Hospitalarias, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Valchera
- Villa San Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas, Hospitalarias, Ascoli Piceno, Italy; Polyedra Research, Polyedra, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Cosci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Pharmacopsychology Laboratory, University of Florence, Italy; Maastricht University Medical Center, Dept. of Psychiatry & Psychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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4
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Bartosik NK, Frankowski R, Kobierecki M, Deska K, Twarowski A, Bąk B, Kosmalski M, Pietras T. The association between affective temperaments and depressive symptoms in a population of medical university students, Poland. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1077940. [PMID: 37065892 PMCID: PMC10098149 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1077940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to their peers, medical students are more exposed to stress, and many present symptoms of depression, making them a group prone to experiencing mental illnesses. Objective This study investigates a potential link between the occurrence of symptoms of depression and the dominating type of affective temperament in young people studying at a medical university. Methods One hundred thirty-four medical students were surveyed using two validated questionnaires; the Polish versions of Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). Results The data analysis revealed a significant link between symptoms of depression and affective temperaments, most significantly in subjects with an anxious temperament. Conclusion This study confirms the role of various affective temperaments as a risk factor for mood disorders, specifically depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Karina Bartosik
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Rafał Frankowski
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kobierecki
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Kacper Deska
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksander Twarowski
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Bąk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- *Correspondence: Marcin Kosmalski,
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Dib JE, Nehme I, Haddad C, Azar J, Hallit S, Obeid S. Affective temperaments of Lebanese patients with schizophrenia: comparison by gender and severity of psychosis. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:430. [PMID: 34823586 PMCID: PMC8620946 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim in this study was to identify affective temperament differences utilizing the TEMPS-A in a large sample size of Lebanese patients with schizophrenia and compare them to healthy controls. Gender differences, demographic factors and degree of psychotic symptoms were also considered. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross (PHC) from March to June 2019. Two-hundred fifty chronic patients with schizophrenia were compared to 250 healthy controls randomly chosen from the general population. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia significantly had higher mean depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperament scores compared to healthy controls. Healthy controls significantly had a higher mean hyperthymic temperament score compared to patients with schizophrenia. In the group of patients with schizophrenia exclusively, females scored higher in terms of depressive, cyclothymic and anxious temperaments compared to males. In the group of healthy controls, males scored higher in terms of hyperthymic and irritable temperaments compared to females, whereas a higher mean depressive and anxious temperament scores were significantly found in females compared to males. In addition, higher PANSS total scores, as well as higher positive, negative and general subscales scores were significantly associated with higher depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperament scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Dib
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ilige Nehme
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, INSERM, University of Limoges, CH Esquirol, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique Et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jocelyne Azar
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique Et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Mancinelli E, Liberska HD, Li JB, Espada JP, Delvecchio E, Mazzeschi C, Lis A, Salcuni S. A Cross-Cultural Study on Attachment and Adjustment Difficulties in Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Self-Control in Italy, Spain, China, and Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8827. [PMID: 34444575 PMCID: PMC8391841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
From a socio-ecological perspective, individuals are influenced by the interplay of individual, relational, and societal factors operating as a broader system. Thereby, to support youth adjustment during the critical adolescence period, the interplay between these factors should be investigated. This study aimed to investigate cross-cultural differences in adolescents' maternal and paternal attachment, adolescents' adjustment difficulties and self-control, and in their association. N = 1000 adolescents (mean (M) age = 16.94, SD = 0.48; 45.90% males) from China, Italy, Spain, and Poland participated by completing self-report measures. Results showed cross-country similarities and differences among the considered variables and their associative pattern. Moreover, conditional process analysis evaluating the association between maternal vs. paternal attachment and adjustment difficulties, mediated by self-control, and moderated by country, was performed. Maternal attachment directly, and indirectly through greater self-control, influenced adjustment difficulties in all four countries. This association was stronger among Spaniards. Paternal attachment influenced directly, and indirectly through self-control, on adolescents' adjustment difficulties only in Italy, Spain, and Poland, and was stronger among Polish adolescents. For Chinese adolescents, paternal attachment solely associated with adjustment difficulties when mediated by self-control. Thus, results highlighted both similarities and differences across countries in the interplay between maternal vs. paternal attachment and self-control on adolescents' adjustment difficulties. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mancinelli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Hanna D. Liberska
- Department of Social Psychology and Research on Youth, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85064 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - José P. Espada
- Department of Health Psychology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain;
| | - Elisa Delvecchio
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Adriana Lis
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Salcuni
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.L.); (S.S.)
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