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Marche C, Baourakis G, Fakotakis E, Nieddu A, Errigo A, Pes GM. The impact of nutrition on psycho-affective status in an older Cretan population: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:2199-2207. [PMID: 38744756 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive and mood status influence both personal and social daily activities, with great impact on life quality, particularly among the elderly population. AIM This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the psycho-affective status concerning eating habits within an elderly population of the Chania area in Crete, Greece. METHODS Cognitive status was assessed in 101 elderly subjects through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and mood was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Nutritional status was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Multivariable statistical analysis, after adjustment for age, marital status, education, and comorbidity, highlighted among males a positive association of the MMSE score with vegetable consumption (RR 1.18; 95%CI 1.03‒1.34) and a negative association with potato consumption (RR 0.83; 95%CI 0.72‒0.95). Conversely, among females, no statistically significant association was observed for any food. Further, among males, a protective effect on affective status was identified for chicken meat (RR 0.45; 95%CI 0.27‒0.77), fish (RR 0.41; 95%CI 0.21‒0.82), fruit (RR 0.70; 95%CI 0.52‒0.94), cereals (RR 0.67; 95%CI 0.53‒0.87), and cheese (RR 0.78; 95%CI 0.63‒0.97) consumption. Among females, the adjusted model showed a significant detrimental effect of vegetable consumption (RR 1.33; 95%CI 1.02‒1.73). CONCLUSION A predominantly vegetable-based diet-with the notable exception of fruits and legumes-was associated with better cognitive status in males, albeit not in females. A higher intake of fruit, as well as fish, chicken meat, and cheese among males was associated with a better affective status, indicating that adequate protein supply may play a role in maintaining emotional balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marche
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro No. 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - George Baourakis
- CIHEAM-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, P.O. Box 85, 73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Fakotakis
- CIHEAM-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, P.O. Box 85, 73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Alessandra Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro No. 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Sardinia Blue Zone Longevity Observatory, 08040, Ogliastra, Italy
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Liwinski T, Bocek I, Schmidt A, Kowalinski E, Dechent F, Rabenschlag F, Moeller J, Sarlon J, Brühl AB, Nienaber A, Lang UE, Huber CG. Sustainability initiatives in inpatient psychiatry: tackling food waste. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1374788. [PMID: 39026524 PMCID: PMC11254754 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1374788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Food plays a dual role in promoting human health and environmental sustainability. Yet, current food systems jeopardize both. Food waste poses a major global challenge due to its significant economic, social, and environmental impacts. Healthcare facilities generate the largest amounts of food waste compared to other forms of catering provision. Food waste correlates with environmental unsustainability and diminished patient satisfaction, compounding the prevalent challenge of hospital malnutrition and contributing to suboptimal patient outcomes. Materials and methods In a three-year interventional study (2020-2022) at a psychiatric tertiary care center, we assessed and mitigated food waste using evidence-based measures. We conducted systematic food wastage audits over three years (2020-2022) in May and June, each lasting four weeks. Costs were analyzed comprehensively, covering food, staff, infrastructure, and disposal. Environmental impact was assessed using Umweltbelastungspunkte (UBP) and CO2e/kg emissions, alongside water usage (H2O - l/kg). Results Economic losses due to food wastage were substantial, primarily from untouched plates and partially consumed dinners, prompting meal planning adjustments. Despite a >3% increase in meals served, both food waste mass and costs decreased by nearly 6%. Environmental impact indicators showed a reduction >20%. Vegetables, salad, and fruits constituted a significant portion of waste. Overproduction minimally contributed to waste, validating portion control efficacy. Conclusion Our study highlights significant economic and environmental losses due to hospital food waste, emphasizing the importance of resource efficiency. The strategies outlined offer promising avenues for enhanced efficiency. The decrease in food waste observed over the three-year period underscores the potential for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Liwinski
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iona Bocek
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Kowalinski
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frieder Dechent
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Rabenschlag
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julian Moeller
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Sarlon
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette B. Brühl
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Nienaber
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim and University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Undine E. Lang
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian G. Huber
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Saintila J, Carranza-Cubas SP, Serpa-Barrientos A, Carranza Esteban RF, Cunza-Aranzábal DF, Calizaya-Milla YE. Depression, Anxiety, Emotional Eating, and Body Mass Index among Self-Reported Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians: A Cross-Sectional Study in Peruvian Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1663. [PMID: 38892596 PMCID: PMC11174459 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Vegetarianism is commonly associated with various health benefits. However, the association between this dietary regimen and aspects of mental health remains ambiguous. This study compared the symptoms of depression and anxiety, emotional eating (EmE), and body mass index (BMI) in Peruvian vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 768 Peruvian adults, of whom 284 (37%) were vegetarians and 484 (63%) were non-vegetarians. The Depression Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2), and an EmE questionnaire were applied; additionally, the BMI was calculated. Simple and multiple linear regression and Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to evaluate the association between depression, anxiety, EmE, and BMI with dietary patterns. Results: The vegetarians (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 0.24, 95% CI 0.16-0.31; p < 0.001) reported more depressive symptoms than the non-vegetarians. This trend persisted for anxiety, with an adjusted PR of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.01-0.29; p = 0.012). However, the vegetarians (adjusted PR = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.61--0.14; p < 0.001) reported lower EmE scores compared to the non-vegetarians. Likewise, the vegetarians had a lower mean BMI than the non-vegetarians (B = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.21--0.08; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Vegetarian diets are associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as lower EmE and BMI scores. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate these associations and determine causality and the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renzo Felipe Carranza Esteban
- Grupo de Investigación Avances en Investigación Psicológica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru;
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Dai X, Leung AKY. Motivations matter: moral and health-related motives indirectly relate to differential psychological health indicators among vegetarians. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:56. [PMID: 38664782 PMCID: PMC11046848 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to rising popularity of vegetarianism in recent years, research interest has surged in examining the relationship between vegetarianism and psychological health. However, given inconsistent findings in prior research, the answer to whether practicing vegetarianism is associated with better or worse psychological health is still elusive. The present investigation aimed to demonstrate that vegetarians are not homogeneous in terms of psychological experiences, such that it is crucial to consider the motives behind vegetarians' dietary choice when examining their psychological health. In a survey study with 266 vegetarians and 104 omnivores, it was shown that health vegetarians displayed higher levels of disordered eating as compared to moral vegetarians and omnivores. Mediation analyses further revealed that, among vegetarians, health motivation was positively correlated with disordered eating tendencies, indirectly linking it with poorer psychological health; moral motivation was positively correlated with prosocial behavior, which in turn predicted better psychological health. These findings have implications for understanding the psychological health of vegetarians with different dietary motives and for developing interventions to promote their psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dai
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 10 Canning Rise, #04-11, Singapore, 178973, Singapore.
| | - Angela K-Y Leung
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 10 Canning Rise, #04-11, Singapore, 178973, Singapore
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5
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Marche C, Poulain M, Nieddu A, Errigo A, Dore MP, Pes GM. Is a plant-based diet effective to maintain a good psycho-affective status in old age? Results of a survey of a long-lived population from Sardinia. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:382-391. [PMID: 37023016 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2198115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is common among the elderly, resulting in poor quality of life and elevated healthcare expenditure. Among other factors, dietary habits could also affect this condition, although the specific food patterns involved remain to be established. The present study aimed to assess the role of plant- versus animal-dominant foods consumption on the affective state of nonagenarians from a Sardinian population, Italy, well known for its longevity (Blue Zone). METHODS Data, including demographic, education, anthropometric parameters, monthly income, and comorbidity were recorded and analyzed. Symptomatic depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) during a comprehensive home geriatric assessment; nutritional status was evaluated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 200 elderly subjects living in the Sardinian Blue Zone (mean age 93.9 ± 3.9 years) participated in the study; symptomatic depression was present in 51% of the whole cohort and was more common among women. Multivariable logistic regression showed a significantly greater risk of depression in people consuming plantbased foods (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.93), whereas moderate animal-derived foods consumption was associated with a better affective state (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.62-0.98). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that a more balanced diet, including animal-derived foods, instead of an exclusive plant-dominant diet, may be more appropriate in the elderly, and abstention from animal-based food intake should not be recommended in advanced age to prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marche
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Michel Poulain
- IACCHOS, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium
- Estonian Institute for Population Studies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Alessandra Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Clinica Medica, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Sardinia Longevity Blue Zone Observatory, Ogliastra, Italy
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Balasubramanian R, Schneider E, Gunnigle E, Cotter PD, Cryan JF. Fermented foods: Harnessing their potential to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis for mental health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105562. [PMID: 38278378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, whole food supplementation strategies have been leveraged to target mental health. In addition, there has been increasing attention on the ability of gut microbes, so called psychobiotics, to positively impact behaviour though the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Fermented foods offer themselves as a combined whole food microbiota modulating intervention. Indeed, they contain potentially beneficial microbes, microbial metabolites and other bioactives, which are being harnessed to target the microbiota-gut-brain axis for positive benefits. This review highlights the diverse nature of fermented foods in terms of the raw materials used and type of fermentation employed, and summarises their potential to shape composition of the gut microbiota, the gut to brain communication pathways including the immune system and, ultimately, modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Throughout, we identify knowledge gaps and challenges faced in designing human studies for investigating the mental health-promoting potential of individual fermented foods or components thereof. Importantly, we also suggest solutions that can advance understanding of the therapeutic merit of fermented foods to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Balasubramanian
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996, County Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Eoin Gunnigle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996, County Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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7
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Reist ME, Bleidorn W, Milfont TL, Hopwood CJ. Meta-analysis of personality trait differences between omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans. Appetite 2023; 191:107085. [PMID: 37827200 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Vegetarian and vegan diets have been increasing in the Western world. Recent research has focused on personality trait differences between dietary groups, in part because personality traits are broad characteristics that can integrate findings about different factors that motivate vegetarian or vegan diets. Previous research on personality predictors of vegetarian and vegan (veg*n) diet, however, has yielded inconsistent results. The goal of this study was to integrate the existing results of Big Five personality differences between veg*ns and omnivores as well as between vegetarians and vegans. To this end, we meta-analyzed data from 15 studies and N = 69,576 individuals from several countries. Results indicated that veg*ns were significantly higher in Openness (d = 0.40) and Agreeableness (d = 0.17) than omnivores, while vegans were significantly higher in Openness (d = 0.14) than vegetarians. This work isolates Openness and Agreeableness as important trait predictors of plant-based diets and sets the stage for future work on the factors that motivate vegetarian or vegan diet. Personality traits can provide an integrative framework for conceptualizing dietary preferences, be used to make predictions about the sources, course and correlates of dietary choices, and potentially be useful for advocates and policymakers seeking to tailor meat-reduction interventions.
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8
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Karl S, Meyer-Lindenberg A. [Climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution: consequences for psychiatry]. DER NERVENARZT 2023; 94:1019-1025. [PMID: 37410101 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The climate crisis, loss of biodiversity and increasing global pollution are a threat to mental health. Comprehensive transformations are needed to overcome these crises, which will also affect the mental healthcare system. If done correctly these change processes can seize the chance to improve mental health while at the same time addressing the crises. This includes avoiding the need for psychiatric treatment by strengthening the focus on mental health promotion and prevention, and also considering environmental aspects when targetting therapy procedures. In addition, by focusing on nutrition, mobility and the effects of nature, patients can be empowered to increase their mental resilience whilst reducing the negative effects on the environment. At the same time, the mental healthcare system must adapt to changing environmental conditions: increasing heat waves make protective measures necessary, especially for people with mental illnesses and increasing extreme weather events can lead to shifts in the spectrum of illnesses. Appropriate funding mechanisms will have to be established to support mental healthcare throughout this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Karl
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland
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9
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Wu H, Gu Y, Meng G, Wu H, Zhang S, Wang X, Zhang J, Huang T, Niu K. Quality of plant-based diet and the risk of dementia and depression among middle-aged and older population. Age Ageing 2023; 52:7181249. [PMID: 37247402 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND several previous studies have shown the importance of the plant-based diets. However, not all plant-based foods are necessarily beneficial for dementia or depression. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between an overall plant-based diet and the incidence of dementia or depression. METHODS we included 180,532 participants from the UK Biobank cohort study, free of a history of cardiovascular disease, cancer, dementia and depression at baseline. We calculated an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) and an unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) based on 17 major food groups from Oxford WebQ. Dementia and depression were evaluated using hospital inpatient records in UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between PDIs and the incidence of dementia or depression. RESULTS during the follow-up, 1,428 dementia cases and 6,781 depression cases were documented. After adjusting for several potential confounders and comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of three plant-based diet indices, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for dementia were 1.03 (0.87, 1.23) for PDI, 0.82 (0.68, 0.98) for hPDI and 1.29 (1.08, 1.53) for uPDI. The hazard ratios (95% CI) for depression were 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) for PDI, 0.92 (0.85, 0.99) for hPDI and 1.15 (1.07, 1.24) for uPDI. CONCLUSION a plant-based diet rich in healthier plant foods was associated with a lower risk of dementia and depression, whereas a plant-based diet that emphasises less-healthy plant foods was associated with a higher risk of dementia and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhang Wu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Gianfredi V, Dinu M, Nucci D, Eussen SJPM, Amerio A, Schram MT, Schaper N, Odone A. Association between dietary patterns and depression: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and intervention trials. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:346-359. [PMID: 36240456 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Depression is the most common causes of disease burden worldwide (GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392:1789-1858). OBJECTIVE An umbrella review has been performed to assess the strength and validity of the available observational and trial evidence for the association between a variety of dietary patterns and depression. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Database were searched. DATA EXTRACTION The Joanna Briggs Institute Umbrella Review Methodology was used. DATA ANALYSIS The review included 19 articles, covering a relatively wide range of dietary patterns: healthy dietary patterns (n = 8), Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) (n = 6), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) (n = 5), Western diet (n = 4), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) (n = 2), vegetarian diets (n = 4), and other dietary interventions (n = 2). The methodological quality of the included meta-analyses was generally low or critically low. The strength of the evidence was generally weak, although convincing or suggestive evidence was found for an inverse relationship between MedDiet/DII and depression. Higher adherence to the MedDiet and lower DII score were significantly associated with lower risk of depression. CONCLUSION Considering the generally high heterogeneity and low quality of the available evidence, further studies adopting more coherent and uniform methodologies are needed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020223376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Gianfredi
- are with the Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,are with the CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,is with the Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- is with the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Nucci
- is with the Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- are with the Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,are with the CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,is with the Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Amerio
- is with the Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,is with the IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,is with the Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miranda T Schram
- are with the CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,are with the Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,is with the MHeNS School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,is with the Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Schaper
- are with the Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,are with the CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,are with the Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Odone
- is with the Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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11
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Kaluza J, Lozynska K, Rudzinska J, Granda D, Sicinska E, Szmidt MK. Mediterranean-Style Diet and Other Determinants of Well-Being in Omnivorous, Vegetarian, and Vegan Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030725. [PMID: 36771431 PMCID: PMC9920499 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of studies comparing the determinants of well-being in omnivores and vegetarians, we examined associations of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, including adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet, in relation to well-being in omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan women. Well-being was assessed using a validated WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Adherence to the Mediterranean-style diet was determined using a modified Mediterranean diet score. The study was conducted on 636 women (23.9 ± 5.7 years), of whom 47.3% were omnivores, 33.2% vegetarians, and 19.5% vegans. The good well-being group (WHO-5 Index ≥ 13 points) comprised 30.9% of the omnivores, 46.0% of the vegetarians, and 57.3% of the vegans. The remaining participants were classified as belonging to the poor well-being group (<13 points). Compared to the omnivores, the vegetarians and vegans had a 1.6-fold (95% CI: 1.04-2.42) and a 2.4-fold (95% CI: 1.45-3.99) higher probability of having good well-being, respectively. In omnivores, the predictors of good well-being were adherence to the Mediterranean-style diet (a 1-score increment was associated with a 17% higher probability of good well-being, P-trend = 0.016), higher self-perceived health status, and lower levels of stress. In vegetarians and vegans, it was older age, higher physical activity (≥3 h/week), 7-8 h sleep time, and similarly to omnivores' higher self-perceived health status and lower stress level. Our findings indicate that following a Mediterranean-style diet was associated with better well-being in omnivores. Furthermore, we identified that different determinants were associated with well-being in omnivorous and vegetarian and vegan women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaluza
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lozynska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Rudzinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Granda
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Dietetics, Institute of Sport, National Research Institute, Trylogii 2/16, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sicinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Karolina Szmidt
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(22)-5937119
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12
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Medawar E, Zedler M, de Biasi L, Villringer A, Witte AV. Effects of single plant-based vs. animal-based meals on satiety and mood in real-world smartphone-embedded studies. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:1. [PMID: 36596802 PMCID: PMC9810708 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00176-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adopting plant-based diets high in fiber may reduce global warming and obesity prevalence. Physiological and psychological determinants of plant-based food intake remain unclear. As fiber has been linked with improved gut-brain signaling, we hypothesized that a single plant-based (vegetarian and vegan) compared to an animal-based (animal flesh) meal, would induce higher satiety, higher mood and less stress. In three large-scale smartphone-based studies, adults (nall = 16,379) ranked satiety and mood before and after meal intake. Meal intake induced satiety and higher mood. Plant-based meal choices did not explain differences in post-meal hunger. Individuals choosing a plant-based meal reported slightly higher mood before and smaller mood increases after the meal compared to those choosing animal-based meals. Protein content marginally mediated post-meal satiety, while gender and taste ratings had a strong effect on satiety and mood in general. We could not detect the profound effects of plant-based vs. animal-based meals on satiety and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Medawar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marie Zedler
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Larissa de Biasi
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Kohl IS, Luft VC, Patrão AL, Molina MDCB, Nunes MAA, Schmidt MI. Association between meatless diet and depressive episodes: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the longitudinal study of adult health (ELSA-Brasil). J Affect Disord 2023; 320:48-56. [PMID: 36162679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between vegetarianism and depression is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between a meatless diet and the presence of depressive episodes among adults. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed with baseline data from the ELSA-Brasil cohort, which included 14,216 Brazilians aged 35 to 74 years. A meatless diet was defined from in a validated food frequency questionnaire. The Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R) instrument was used to assess depressive episodes. The association between meatless diet and presence of depressive episodes was expressed as a prevalence ratio (PR), determined by Poisson regression adjusted for potentially confounding and/or mediating variables: sociodemographic parameters, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, several clinical variables, self-assessed health status, body mass index, micronutrient intake, protein, food processing level, daily energy intake, and changes in diet in the preceding 6 months. RESULTS We found a positive association between the prevalence of depressive episodes and a meatless diet. Meat non-consumers experienced approximately twice the frequency of depressive episodes of meat consumers, PRs ranging from 2.05 (95%CI 1.00-4.18) in the crude model to 2.37 (95%CI 1.24-4.51) in the fully adjusted model. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design precluded the investigation of causal relationships. CONCLUSIONS Depressive episodes are more prevalent in individuals who do not eat meat, independently of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Nutrient deficiencies do not explain this association. The nature of the association remains unclear, and longitudinal data are needed to clarify causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S Kohl
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vivian C Luft
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Center for Food and Nutrition Studies (CESAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luísa Patrão
- Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Maria Del Carmen B Molina
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria I Schmidt
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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14
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The link between vegetarian diet and depression might be explained by depression among meat-reducers. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Pieczyńska K, Rzymski P. Health Benefits of Vegetarian and Mediterranean Diets: Narrative Review. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/156067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Reuber H, Muschalla B. Dietary identity and embitterment among vegans, vegetarians and omnivores. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 10:1038-1055. [PMID: 36299771 PMCID: PMC9590425 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2134870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although vegetarian and vegan dietary can positively contribute to animal welfare, the environment and health, they also entail social costs for the people following them. These costs may be an increased risk of stigmatization and, presumably, feelings of embitterment. Methods In this study, we investigated for the first time the association between feelings of embitterment and dietary identity centrality and motivation. Dietary motivation, dietary pattern centrality for identity (DIQ-D), and embitterment (PTED scale) were assessed in and compared between people with vegan (n = 489), vegetarian (n = 339) and omnivorous (n = 319) dietary pattern. Results The vegan group reported higher embitterment and discrimination perception than the vegetarian and omnivorous groups. High (vegan) dietary centrality, eating disorder, moral motivation, discrimination perception was associated with embitterment. Conclusions The association between vegan dietary centrality and moral motivation with embitterment is relevant for actions in dietary education and counseling in clinical and public health settings. When dietary pattern becomes relevant for identity building this may come along with problems when it makes the person prone for discrimination perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Reuber
- Psychotherapy and Diagnostics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Beate Muschalla
- Psychotherapy and Diagnostics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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You Y, Chen Y, Yin J, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Zhou J, Jin S. Relationship between leisure-time physical activity and depressive symptoms under different levels of dietary inflammatory index. Front Nutr 2022; 9:983511. [PMID: 36159493 PMCID: PMC9490084 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.983511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are major public health problems. Leisure-time Physical activity (LPA) and dietary inflammatory preference are emerging factors that tends to affect the mental health status. There is limited evidence regarding the joint influence of LPA and dietary status on the prevalence of depression. This study was a cross-sectional study, which used a nationwide represented sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the relationship among LPA, diet status and depression. Depression and LPA status was reported by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ), respectively. To assess dietary inflammatory preferences, dietary inflammatory index (DII) was applied based on a 24-h dietary recall interview. A total of 11,078 subjects was included in this study and weighted participants were 89,682,020. Weighted multivariable linear regression showed that DII was negatively associated with LPA after full adjustment, with β (95% CI): −0.487 (−0.647, −0.327). Weighted multivariable logistic regression showed that LPA was significantly associated with depressive symptoms after full adjustment, with odds ratios OR (95% CIs): 0.986 (0.977, 0.995). By DII stratification analysis, this phenomenon was also existed in groups with anti-inflammatory diet. Mediation effect analysis was further performed, which showed that DII significantly mediating the association between LPA and depression with proportion mediated as 3.94%. Our findings indicated the mediating role of DII in the association between LPA condition and incident depression. More well-designed studies are still needed to validate the causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Yin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kening Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Catering Service Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhou
| | - Shuai Jin
- College of Big Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Shuai Jin
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18
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Zhang T, Jiang G, Li F, Gu X, Zhai Y, Xu L, Wu M, Shen H, Lin J. Soy product consumption and the risk of major depressive disorder in older adults: Evidence from a cohort study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:888667. [PMID: 36117647 PMCID: PMC9479217 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.888667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the association between soy product consumption and the risk of depression in the community. Methods In 2014, a total of 10,901 older people were recruited from Zhejiang province, China, and completed food frequency interviews. Participants were followed up over the next 6 years, and depression was assessed at each visit. Finally, 6,253 participants were included in the present study. Mixed effects models were performed to analyze the association by multivariate adjustments for potential confounders. Results Over four-fifths of the eligible participants took soy food at least one day per week. The mixed effects model has shown the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of high-frequency consumers (4-7 days per week) were 0.46 (0.39-0.54) for depression with a cut-off score of 5, compared with non-consumers. Conclusions More frequent soy product consumption was associated with a lower risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Nanxun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, China
| | - Fudong Li
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Gu
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengna Wu
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Nanxun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, China
| | - Junfen Lin
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez Ó, García-Montero C, Alvarez-Mon MA, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Llavero-Valero M, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Molina R, Rodríguez-Jimenez R, Quintero J, De Mon MA. Biological Role of Nutrients, Food and Dietary Patterns in the Prevention and Clinical Management of Major Depressive Disorder. Nutrients 2022; 14:3099. [PMID: 35956276 PMCID: PMC9370795 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a growing disabling condition affecting around 280 million people worldwide. This complex entity is the result of the interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, and compelling evidence suggests that MDD can be considered a disease that occurs as a consequence of an evolutionary mismatch and unhealthy lifestyle habits. In this context, diet is one of the core pillars of health, influencing multiple biological processes in the brain and the entire body. It seems that there is a bidirectional relationship between MDD and malnutrition, and depressed individuals often lack certain critical nutrients along with an aberrant dietary pattern. Thus, dietary interventions are one of the most promising tools to explore in the field of MDD, as there are a specific group of nutrients (i.e., omega 3, vitamins, polyphenols, and caffeine), foods (fish, nuts, seeds fruits, vegetables, coffee/tea, and fermented products) or dietary supplements (such as S-adenosylmethionine, acetyl carnitine, creatine, amino acids, etc.), which are being currently studied. Likewise, the entire nutritional context and the dietary pattern seem to be another potential area of study, and some strategies such as the Mediterranean diet have demonstrated some relevant benefits in patients with MDD; although, further efforts are still needed. In the present work, we will explore the state-of-the-art diet in the prevention and clinical support of MDD, focusing on the biological properties of its main nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns and their possible implications for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Ó.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.A.D.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Óscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Ó.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.A.D.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Ó.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.A.D.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Ó.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.A.D.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-V.); (J.Q.)
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Ó.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.A.D.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-V.); (J.Q.)
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Ó.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.A.D.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Llavero-Valero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-V.); (J.Q.)
| | - Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Psychiatry Service, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Molina
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental, Health San Carlos University Hospital (HCSC), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Biomedical Fundation of HCSC Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Comillas University, Cantoblanco, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jimenez
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Complutense University (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (imas12)/CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-V.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Complutense University (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Alvarez De Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Ó.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.A.D.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Ceolin G, Breda V, Koning E, Meyyappan AC, Gomes FA, Moreira JD, Gerchman F, Brietzke E. A Possible Antidepressive Effect of Dietary Interventions: Emergent Findings and Research Challenges. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN PSYCHIATRY 2022; 9:151-162. [PMID: 35496470 PMCID: PMC9034261 DOI: 10.1007/s40501-022-00259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Despite recent advancements in the treatment of depression, the prevalence of affected individuals continues to grow. The development of new strategies has been required and emerging evidence has linked a possible antidepressant effect with dietary interventions. In this review, we discuss recent findings about the possible antidepressant effect of dietary interventions with an emphasis on the results of randomized controlled trials. Recent findings A high consumption of refined sugars and saturated fat and a low dietary content of fruits and vegetables has been associated with the development of depression. There is evidence supporting a small to moderate beneficial effect of a Mediterranean-type diet in depression. In addition, new dietary protocols are being studied for their use as possible interventions, such as the ketogenic diet, Nordic diet, and plant-based diet. Summary Lifestyle interventions surrounding diet and nutrition are a relatively affordable way to enhance response to treatment and to be employed as an adjunct in mental health care. Most studies, however, are limited by the difficulty in controlling for the placebo effect. Mediterranean-style diets seem to be the most promising as an adjunctive treatment for mood disorders. Larger randomized controlled trials that could assess predictors of response to dietary interventions are needed to establish a clear positive effect of diet and guide clinical care and nutritional recommendations concerning mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilciane Ceolin
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3 Canada.,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Vitor Breda
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3 Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Elena Koning
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3 Canada
| | - Arun Chinna Meyyappan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3 Canada
| | - Fabiano A Gomes
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3 Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Júlia Dubois Moreira
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3 Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON Canada
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21
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Dzeverin V. Comments to the metanalysis on a vegetarian diet and depression scores. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1386. [PMID: 34561108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Lee MF, Eather R, Best T. Plant-based dietary quality and depressive symptoms in Australian vegans and vegetarians: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2021; 4:479-486. [PMID: 35028517 PMCID: PMC8718860 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based dietary patterns (vegan and vegetarian) are often considered 'healthy' and have been associated with broad health benefits, including decreased risk of obesity and ill health (cardiovascular disease, blood glucose and type II diabetes). However, the association between plant-based diets and mood disorders such as depression remains largely equivocal. This cross-sectional study of 219 adults aged 18-44 (M=31.22, SD=7.40) explored the associations between an estimate of overall plant-based diet quality and depression in vegans (n=165) and vegetarians (n=54). Overall plant-based diet quality was associated with depressive symptoms in vegans and vegetarians F(1, 215)=13.71, p<0.001 accounting for 6% of the variation in depressive symptoms. For those without depression, higher diet quality was protective against depressive symptoms F(1, 125)=6.49, p=0.012. Conversely, for those with depression no association with diet quality was found F(1, 89)=0.01, p=0.963. These findings suggest that a high-quality plant-based diet may be protective against depressive symptoms in vegans and vegetarians. In line with emerging research between food and mental health, higher-quality dietary patterns are associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms. Given the rapidly increasing rate of vegan and vegetarian food products within Australia, understanding the potential mechanisms of effects through which a plant-based diet may influence depressive symptoms is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Frances Lee
- Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Eather
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, NeuroHealth Lab, Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Talitha Best
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, NeuroHealth Lab, Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Cicero AFG, Veronesi M, Fogacci F. Dietary Intervention to Improve Blood Pressure Control: Beyond Salt Restriction. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:547-553. [PMID: 34533781 PMCID: PMC8590666 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle improvement is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease prevention and has a relevant effect on blood pressure control. During the last decades the attention of the researcher has focused on low-salt diets as the lifestyle modification most effective in blood pressure reduction. Current international guidelines thus suggest to stress the importance of the implementation of the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and of a low-salt Mediterranean diet to achieve the best results in term of blood pressure decrease. However, salt reduction in diet could be not the only nor the main determinant of blood pressure reduction under dietary treatment. DASH and low-salt Mediterranean diet are also characterized by a high intake of vegetables (NO and polyphenol sources), whole grains, some low-fat dairy products, and low intake of red meat, sugar, and trans-hydrogenated fats. Lacto-ovo vegetarian diet are also per se associated to a significant improvement in blood pressure levels. Moreover, these diets are particularly effective when associated with a significant weight loss. Furthermore, blood pressure can also be lowered by some nutraceuticals (beetroot, magnesium, vitamin C, catechin-rich beverages, lycopene, etc). The aim of this narrative review is to critically resume the most recent evidence supporting a complete approach to dietary counseling for hypertension prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,IRCCS AOU S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy. .,Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, U.O. Medicina Interna Borghi, Via Albertoni, 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Veronesi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS AOU S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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