1
|
Gülbetekin E, Kardaş Özdemir F, Aşut G. The mediator role of parenting stress in the effect of stigmatization on burnout in parents of children with autism: A structural equality model. J Pediatr Nurs 2024:S0882-5963(24)00283-5. [PMID: 39054111 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to report on the mediator role of parenting stress in the effect of stigmatization on burnout in parents of children with autism. DESIGN AND METHODS A descriptive and correlational research design was used in this study. The sample consisted of 146 parents who had children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and volunteered to participate in the study. A "Personal Information Form", the "Parents' Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale", the "Parenting Stress Scale", and the "Parental Burnout Assessment" were used for data collection. RESULTS In the study, it was observed that the feeling of stigmatization increased as the education level increased and that variables such as the ages of the parent and the child and an increase in the number of children requiring care also affected the feeling of stigmatization. Parenting stress was found to have a "partial mediator" role in the effect of stigmatization on parental burnout. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasized the heterogeneous correlation between stigmatization, burnout, and stress levels of parents of children with autism. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study has key implications for pediatric nursing practices. Pediatric nurses can educate the community about autism, what issues should be considered, and how to support parents. Furthermore, nurses can introduce parents who have children with autism to each other and direct them to parent-child activities that can regulate their moods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eda Gülbetekin
- Igdır University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Igdır, Turkey.
| | - Funda Kardaş Özdemir
- Kafkas University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Kars, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Aşut
- Igdır University Health Services Vocational School, Igdır, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kick L, Schleicher D, Ecker A, Kandsperger S, Brunner R, Jarvers I. Alexithymia as a mediator between adverse childhood events and the development of psychopathology: a meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1412229. [PMID: 39011338 PMCID: PMC11246998 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1412229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Victims of child abuse have an elevated risk of developing mental health issues later in life. Several variables have been suggested as mediators of this correlation, but little is known about the possible influence of alexithymia. Alexithymia is a sub-clinical personality trait that manifests as difficulties recognizing and verbalizing emotions. Methods In this study, two separate meta-analyses were conducted using questionnaire data, and Pearson correlations for overall effects were estimated. Results The correlation between child abuse and alexithymia showed to be significant (r = .26), as did the correlation between alexithymia and general psychopathology (r = .44). Further analyses revealed no indication for possible publication bias. When investigating differences between various subtypes of child maltreatment, each subtype significantly correlated with alexithymia. Emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect had stronger correlations than physical and sexual abuse. Discussion These results suggest that alexithymia plays a mediating role, at least in part, in the relationship between experiences of child abuse and general psychopathology in adulthood. Therefore, alexithymia may be relevant to further research and deserves attention in the prevention of and therapy for mental health issues in victims of child abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Kick
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schleicher
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Ecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kandsperger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Irina Jarvers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong YC, Chen SJ, Chang YC, Chang CW, Chiang HH. The role of alexithymia in suicide ideation among Taiwanese army military personnel: A serial mediation model investigating the effects of perceived stress and depression. Stress Health 2024:e3405. [PMID: 38660797 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining the good mental health of Taiwanese military personnel is crucial, especially in light of incidents such as the Taiwan Strait crisis. Suicide is a leading cause of death among military personnel and alexithymia is a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation. However, the mechanisms linking alexithymia and suicidal ideation in this psychologically burdened population remain poorly understood. In total, 863 voluntary army military personnel from Taiwanese reserve brigades and combined-arms brigades were enroled between May 2020 and February 2021. Structured questionnaires about alexithymia, perceived stress, depression, suicidal ideation, and background characteristics were used. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine the serial mediation roles of perceived stress and depression in the relationship between alexithymia and suicidal ideation. Significant positive correlations were observed between alexithymia, perceived stress, depression, and suicidal ideation in bivariate analyses. Serial mediation analyses revealed that alexithymia significantly predicted higher levels of perceived stress, subsequently leading to depressive symptoms, which were associated with suicidal ideation. Depression served as a significant mediator between alexithymia and suicidal ideation. The strongest mediating effect (71.4%) was observed in the pathway from alexithymia through perceived stress and depression to suicidal ideation. Limitations included the utilization of cross-sectional data and a reliance on retrospective self-report measures. Perceived stress and depression were identified as serial mediators in the association between alexithymia and suicidal ideation. Clinically, it is crucial to prioritise interventions that target emotional regulation skills and assess the presence of alexithymia to effectively reduce suicidal ideation in military personnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Hong
- Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Cune Chang
- Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsun Chiang
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren X, Cai Y, Wang J, Chen O. A systematic review of parental burnout and related factors among parents. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:376. [PMID: 38317118 PMCID: PMC10840230 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting is both a complex and stressful endeavor, so parents sometimes experience parenting burnout. The main objective of this study was to provide an overview of factors related to general parental burnout (PB) among parents with at least one child based on the Ecological Systems Theory (EST). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI and WanFang were systematically searched for studies published from 2010 to July 2023 for peer-reviewed articles using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "parenting", "parental", "burnout", "psychological burnout", "burn-out syndrome". Studies were included if they described associations between factors and PB among parents of children aged 0-18 years old in the general population, and published in an English or Chinese language peer-reviewed journal. The Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD) was employed to assess the risk of bias of included studies. RESULTS Of 2037 articles, 26 articles met the inclusion criteria. Based on the Ecological Systems Theory (EST), we found that microsystem-individual factors such as gender, educational level, income, parental personality, internalization of maternal parental motivation, unmitigated communion, self-compassion and concern for others, alexithymia, anxiety and depressive symptoms, parental perfectionism, resilience, low self-esteem and high need for control, mother's attachment style were identified as being associated with parenting burnout. Mesosystem-interpersonal factors involve parent-child relationship and marital satisfaction. The exosystem-organizational or community factors include the number of children in the household, neighborhood and the number of hours spent with children, child's illness, child's behavior problems and social support. The macrosystem-society/policy or culture factors are mainly personal values and cultural values. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review found several factors that have been investigated in relation to PB. However, the majority of the factors were reported by one or two studies often implementing a cross-sectional design. Nevertheless, we still recommend that health policymakers and administrators relieve parenting burnout among parents with children by adjusting these modifiable factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Ren
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ou Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li R, Karukivi M, Lindblom J, Korja R, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Nolvi S. Trajectories of COVID-19 pandemic-related depressive symptoms and potential predictors: the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:151-163. [PMID: 37668674 PMCID: PMC10799828 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems have been reported, and parents of young children may be more vulnerable to psychological distress due to increased caregiving responsibilities. However, research on the heterogeneity of the longitudinal course of psychological symptoms during the pandemic and the predispositions linked with these courses is still scarce. This study aimed to identify differential trajectories of depressive symptoms among the parents of young children and investigate the role of temperament traits, alexithymia, and coping styles in the heterogeneity of the symptom trajectories. METHODS The sample consists of 844 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Latent growth mixture modeling was utilized to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms from pre-pandemic between 2014 and 2019 (T0, the closest available measurement was used) to May/June 2020 (T1) and December 2020 (T2) during the pandemic. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine temperament, alexithymia, and coping as predictors of symptom trajectories, controlling for various background factors. RESULTS Four trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified. Most parents experienced low and stable depressive symptoms. Negative affect, effortful control, alexithymia, emotion-diverting coping (self-distraction and venting), and avoidant coping (denial and behavioral disengagement) were predictors for subclinical stable depressive symptoms. Constructive coping (positive reframing, acceptance, and humor) protected the cohort parents from increasing or moderately high depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The findings have implications for identifying vulnerable individuals with specific traits and strengthening of constructive coping strategies as possible foci in interventions for depression during global crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 8-10, Turku, Finland.
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Max Karukivi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jallu Lindblom
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 8-10, Turku, Finland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 8-10, Turku, Finland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dong X, He D, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Fan X. Dyadic Associations Between Burden and Depressive Symptoms Among Patients With Heart Failure and Their Caregivers: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2023; 38:517-527. [PMID: 37816079 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are prevalent in patients with heart failure and their family caregivers. Given the interpersonal interactions between dyadic individuals with intimate relationship, it is essential to consider the dyads as a unit when exploring the factors associated with depressive symptoms in heart failure patient-caregiver dyads. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to explore the dyadic effects of burden on depressive symptoms in heart failure patient-caregiver dyads and investigate whether perceived stress acts as a mediator in these relationships. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 237 heart failure patient-caregiver dyads were recruited from 3 hospitals in China between November 2018 and June 2019. Symptom burden, caregiving burden, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms were assessed using self-report questionnaires. The actor-partner interdependence model and actor-partner interdependence mediation model were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Patients' symptom burden had an actor effect on their own depressive symptoms and a partner effect on their caregivers' depressive symptoms. Similarly, caregivers' caregiving burden had an actor effect on their own depressive symptoms and a partner effect on patients' depressive symptoms. The actor effects between burden and depressive symptoms were partially mediated by their own perceived stress in heart failure patient-caregiver dyads. Furthermore, the partner effect between caregivers' caregiving burden and patients' depressive symptoms was completely mediated by patients' perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS Patients' symptom burden and caregivers' caregiving burden aggravated their depressive symptoms by increasing their own perceived stress. Moreover, patients' symptom burden led to caregivers' depressive symptoms, and caregivers' caregiving burden contributed to patients' depressive symptoms through patients' perceived stress. These interdependent relationships suggest that dyadic interventions focused on reducing burden and perceived stress may be beneficial for relieving depressive symptoms in heart failure patient-caregiver dyads.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jarvers I, Ecker A, Schleicher D, Kandsperger S, Otto A, Brunner R. Anorexia nervosa during COVID-19: loss of personal control and alexithymia as important contributors to symptomatology in adolescent girls. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:180. [PMID: 37828587 PMCID: PMC10568752 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, a steady increase in adolescent anorexia nervosa admissions has been observed. Contributing factors may have been uncontrollable changes in school attendance due to lockdowns and social restrictions. However, patients' reports on the impact of these factors have not been assessed in detail as of yet. Furthermore, alexithymia, the difficulty to identify and describe one's own emotions, has increased during the pandemic and is known to be heightened in eating disorders. Thus, it may have contributed to symptom severity in anorexia nervosa during the pandemic. METHODS The present study examined pandemic-related changes in social media use, body satisfaction, and perceived loss of control and their impact on depressive, anxious, and eating disorder symptomatology in a sample of adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 23). Additionally, the influence of current alexithymia as a cross-diagnostic risk factor was assessed. Adolescents answered questionnaires once shortly after admission to inpatient, outpatient, or daycare treatment. RESULTS An increase in perceived loss of control during the pandemic and heightened alexithymia explained a significant portion of variance in present depressive symptomatology, which in turn contributed to eating disorder symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS These relationships emphasize alexithymia and perceived loss of control as valuable constructs for early screenings and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Jarvers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Angelika Ecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schleicher
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kandsperger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Otto
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li R, Kajanoja J, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Nolvi S, Karukivi M. Longitudinal patterns of alcohol use and psychological symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and role of alexithymia: A latent transition analysis in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:440-448. [PMID: 37385387 PMCID: PMC10299841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has been posing widespread influence on mental well-being. However, research on the dynamic relations between alcohol use and psychological symptoms in the context of the pandemic and the role of alexithymic traits in predicting the development of mental health problems longitudinally remains scarce. METHODS Latent profile and transition analyses were conducted to model the longitudinal patterns of transitions in the profiles of alcohol use and psychological symptoms across 10 months during the pandemic (from May 2020 to March 2021) and to investigate the role of alexithymia and its dimensions Difficulty Identifying and Describing Feelings (DIF and DDF), and Externally Oriented Thinking (EOT) in 720 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. RESULTS Three profiles, Risky Drinking, Distressed Non-Risky Drinking, and Non-Distressed, Non-Risky Drinking, and their transitions were identified. The role of alexithymia appeared to be stronger in Risky Drinking than Non-Distressed, Non-Risky Drinking. DIF predicted the development of symptoms in Risky Drinking, whereas DDF predicted Risky Drinking remaining stable over time and showed a trend towards psychological distress in Risky Drinking and Non-Distressed, Non-Risky Drinking. EOT was more likely to be a risk factor for Risky Drinking remaining constant and Non-Distressed, Non-Risky Drinking becoming Risky Drinking. LIMITATIONS This study was mainly limited by the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add deeper insights into the longitudinal development of alcohol use and psychological symptoms as well as evidence on the role of alexithymia in shaping mental health, providing implications for tailoring clinical preventive and therapeutic measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Jani Kajanoja
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Satakunta Hospital District, Pori, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Max Karukivi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Attary T, Noorbala L, Ghazizadeh A. The Covid-19 pandemic had polarizing effects on trait scores depending on a person's resilience and predispositions: A longitudinal prospective study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18399. [PMID: 37529337 PMCID: PMC10388164 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While Covid-19 is, first and foremost, a pernicious physical illness, its highly contagious nature has led to significant disruption in social life and psychological stress, occasionally resulting in dire mental health consequences that are still not fully understood. To address this issue, a prospective longitudinal design study was conducted by administering standard self-reporting questionnaires covering the NEO-five factor inventory (NEO-FFI), shyness, alexithymia, autism quotient, anxiety, depression, and sensory processing sensitivity (SPS). A total of 114 participants (of which 71.93% were females) with an average age of 30.29 (standard deviation = 11.04) completed the survey before and a few months after the pandemic. Results revealed the distribution of population scores to become more extreme in either positive or negative trait directions despite the stability of average trait scores across the population. Higher resilience was found to be positively correlated with improved trait scores post-pandemic but corona anxiety score was not correlated with trait score changes. In addition, in the subjects with moderate negative trait scores, agreeableness and autism scores and in subjects with high negative trait scores, openness, SPS and shyness scores were significantly correlated with trait scores changes post-pandemic. These results reveal the nuanced effects of the pandemic on the people's psychological well-being and highlight vulnerabilities for certain groups despite the overall stability of population that needs to be taken into account for mental health policies going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Attary
- Bio-Intelligence Unit, Sharif Brain Center, Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Noorbala
- Bio-Intelligence Unit, Sharif Brain Center, Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali Ghazizadeh
- Bio-Intelligence Unit, Sharif Brain Center, Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dong P, Lin X, Wu F, Lou S, Li N, Hu S, Shi L, He J, Ma Y, Bao Y, Lu L, Sun W, Sun H. Depression, anxiety, and burnout among psychiatrists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:494. [PMID: 37430237 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rise of reported mental disorders and behavioral issues after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, psychiatrists and mental health care are urgently needed more than ever before. The psychiatric career carries a high emotional burden and stressful demands, which bring issues on psychiatrists' mental health and well-being into question. To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, and work burnout among psychiatrists in Beijing during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 6 to January 30, 2022, two years after COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic. Recruitment was performed using a convenience sample approach by sending online questionnaires to psychiatrists in Beijing. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and burnout were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). The perceived stress and social support were measured by the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), respectively. RESULTS The data of 564 psychiatrists (median [interquartile range] age, 37 [30-43] years old) of all 1532 in Beijing were included in the statistical analysis. The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and burnout were 33.2% (95% CI, 29.3-37.1%, PHQ-9 ≥ 5), 25.4% (95% CI, 21.8-29.0%, GAD-7 ≥ 5) and 40.6% (95% CI, 36.5-44.7%, MBI-GS ≥ 3 in each of the three subdimensions), respectively. The psychiatrist with a higher score on perceived stress was more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratios [ORs]: 4.431 [95%CI, 2.907-6.752]); the anxiety symptoms (adjusted ORs: 8.280 [95%CI, 5.255-13.049]), and the burnout conditions (adjusted ORs: 9.102 [95%CI, 5.795-14.298]). Receiving high social support was an independent protective factor against symptoms of depression (adjusted ORs: 0.176 [95%CI, [0.080-0.386]), anxiety (adjusted ORs: 0.265 [95%CI, 0.111-0.630]) and burnout (adjusted ORs: 0.319 [95%CI, 0.148-0.686]). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a considerable proportion of psychiatrists also suffer from depression, anxiety, and burnout. Perceived stress and social support influence depression, anxiety, and burnout. For public health, we must work together to reduce the pressure and increase social support to mitigate mental health risks in psychiatrists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fei Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sijia Lou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Na Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sifan Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Le Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jia He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yundong Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin Y, Wang Y, Lin C, Ni Q, Jia R, Chang Y, Qi Y. The mediating role of perceived social support: alexithymia and parental burnout in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1139618. [PMID: 37359855 PMCID: PMC10290202 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1139618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parental burnout is a concept that reflects the emotional exhaustion and emotional distance of parents from children due to their inability to cope with the pressure of parenting. It has been confirmed that parents of autistic children are at higher risk for parental burnout. Additional research has suggested a relationship between parental burnout and parents' personality traits. However, the relationship between alexithymia, an independent personality factor, with parental burnout is little to none. Objective To look into the connection between parental burnout and alexithymia among parents of autistic children. Method Three hundred and one parents were approached for recruitment and data were collected from 203 parents through a cross-sectional survey assessing parental burnout, alexithymia status, and perceived social support. Because the data is not normally distributed, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient rho(p) was used to assess the correlation between the variables; and then using AMOS to analyze the mediating effects of perceived social support and the moderating effect of gender. Result The result showed that (1) There is a negative association between alexithymia with parental burnout (β = 0.6, p < 0.01), while perceive social support was the negative predictor of alexithymia (β = -0.45, p < 0.01) and parental burnout (β = -0.26, p < 0.01); (2) perceive social support partially mediated the relationship between alexithymia and parental burnout of parents of autistic children, which can explain 16.3% of the total effect; (3) Gender plays a moderating role in the first half of the indirect effect of alexithymia on parental burnout, as evidenced by the significant difference in path coefficients between the male and female models (male: β = -0.10, p < 0.05; female: β = -0.60, p < 0.05). Conclusion Health professionals and policymakers should be aware of parental burnout among parents of autistic children in China and take early intervention steps. Furthermore, they should recognize the negative impact of alexithymia and the positive impact of social support when developing plans to alleviate parental burnout in children with autism, with a particular focus on mothers with alexithymia, who are more likely to experience low social support and burnout than fathers with alexithymia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Lin
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Lin
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingnan Ni
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruolin Jia
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanling Chang
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - YuanPing Qi
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, Qinghai Women and Children’s Hospital, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li R, Kajanoja J, Tuulari JJ, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Karukivi M. Relationships between alexithymia and food addiction: The Finnish version of Yale Food Addiction Scale and preliminary test of its psychometric properties. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1067872. [PMID: 36743252 PMCID: PMC9893275 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1067872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has long been suggested that addictive behaviors are associated with alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties in emotional awareness and expression. However, little is known about the role of alexithymia in food addiction. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and food addiction. As part of the study, the validity of the Finnish version of Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS-F) was also investigated. Methods The sample consisted of 360 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. The structural validity of the YFAS-F was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to explore the structure when proposed models were not supported by CFA. The associations of alexithymia as measured by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and food addiction were examined using regression analyses followed by structural equation modeling. Results Higher alexithymia was associated with more food addiction by conducting linear regression analysis (B = 0.013, p = 0.011) and structural equation modeling (β = 0.24, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a single-factor model for the 8 criteria of the YFAS-F was supported by CFA and showed acceptable internal reliability (KR-20 = 0.72), and a three-factor solution for the 20 items of the scale was suggested by EFA with good internal reliability (McDonald's ω = 0.91 for the YFAS-F, 0.91 for component 1, 0.87 for component 2, and Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.89 for component 3). Conclusion The current study determined a significant relationship between alexithymia and food addiction, which suggests alexithymia as a relevant factor for food addiction and may provide clinical implications for interventions. Moreover, the YFAS-F appeared to be a valid and reliable tool to evaluate food addiction in our Finnish general population sample. Further studies on the psychometric properties of the YFAS-F in more diverse populations are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,*Correspondence: Ru Li, ✉
| | - Jani Kajanoja
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Satakunta Hospital District, Pori, Finland
| | - Jetro J. Tuulari
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, TCSMT, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Center for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Center for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Max Karukivi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin Y, Wang J, Liu W, Jia Y. More Positive Emotion, Less Stress Perception? Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:3721-3732. [PMID: 36569976 PMCID: PMC9785132 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s381964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Shanghai, a mega-city with a population of 25 million, was becoming the first city in mainland China to erupt in the Omicron pandemic. The pandemic and the quarantine measures of whole city static management brought out big challenges for the population. This study sought to examine the psychological impact of such quarantine measures. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in China between April 8 to April 14, 2022. The survey contained inventories of stress perception, emotion states, duration of quarantine, and demographic characteristics. A total of 1,051 participants in Shanghai who were quarantined at home were included by random sampling. Results We found moderate-to-mild perceived stress (3.248±1.936) and emotion states (3.453±2.094). Individuals with high negative emotions had high levels of perceived stress. Specifically, the population aged 30-49, female, with higher household income, staying with the elderly or children, were more likely to report high stress and negative emotion. Hierarchical regression and the further path analysis indicated that emotion states partially mediated the relationship between quarantined days at home and perceived stress. Conclusion There was a moderate-to-mild level of perceived stress and emotion when quarantined at home for an average of 20 days in Shanghai. The present findings implicated more positive emotion then less stress perception at the same duration of quarantine. It was suggested to consider the measures taken to construct positive emotions for the public to overcome negativity and bring out a virtuous circle to thrive, if the quarantine has to be continued for preventing the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- China Executive Leadership Academy-Pudong, Shanghai, 201204, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China,Weizhi Liu, Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-21-81871671, Email
| | - Yanpu Jia
- Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yanpu Jia, The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China, Email
| |
Collapse
|