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Frost A, Hagaman A, Bibi A, Bhalotra S, Chung EO, Haight SC, Sikander S, Maselko J. Childhood parental bonding and depression in adulthood: A study of mothers in rural Pakistan. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:715-721. [PMID: 38663557 PMCID: PMC11103589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent-child relationship quality can have long-term impacts on child mental health into adulthood. The impact of parental behaviors on the future mental health of children has been understudied in South Asia, where parenting approaches differ from the dominant western approaches often represented in the literature. METHODS Mothers in rural Pakistan (N = 828) reported on their own mothers' parenting behaviors using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and were assessed for depression using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID). The PBI includes scales for warmth (care scale) and over-control (protection scale), as well as subscales for behavioral control and psychological control. We used structural equation modeling to test the associations between depression and all PBI scales/subscales. RESULTS Increased parental care was associated with lower probability of depression (B = -0.19, SE = 0.09). Parental protection was associated with higher probability of depression (B = 0.25, SE = 0.11). Among the protection subscales, behavioral control was associated with increased risk of depression (B = 0.24, 95 % SE = 0.11) and psychological control was associated with decreased risk of depression (B = -0.28, SE = 0.12). LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study used retrospective self-reports of parenting experiences. Participants only reported on their mothers, not fathers or other caregivers. CONCLUSIONS In a rural Pakistani sample, maternal warmth was protective against adulthood depression. The association between maternal control and depression varied based on the type of control (behavioral or psychological), emphasizing the importance of nuanced measures of parental control in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Frost
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America.
| | - Ashley Hagaman
- Social Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, United States of America
| | - Amina Bibi
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Esther O Chung
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Sarah C Haight
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Siham Sikander
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanna Maselko
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America
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Mottarlini F, Rizzi B, Targa G, Buzzelli V, Di Trapano M, Rullo L, Candeletti S, Ciccocioppo R, Fattore L, Romualdi P, Fumagalli F, Trezza V, Caffino L. Communal nesting shapes the sex-dependent glutamatergic response to early life stress in the rat prefrontal cortex. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1406687. [PMID: 38835543 PMCID: PMC11148342 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1406687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early social environment, either positive or negative, shapes the adult brain. Communal nesting (CN), a naturalistic setting in which 2-3 females keep their pups in a single nest sharing care-giving behavior, provides high level of peer interaction for pups. Early social isolation (ESI) from dam and siblings represents, instead, an adverse condition providing no peer interaction. Methods We investigated whether CN (enrichment setting) might influence the response to ESI (impoverishment setting) in terms of social behavior and glutamate system in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adult and adolescent male and female rats. Results Pinning (a rewarding component of social play behavior) was significantly more pronounced in males than in females exposed to the combination of CN and ESI. CN sensitized the glutamate synapse in the mPFC of ESI-exposed male, but not female, rats. Accordingly, we observed (i) a potentiation of the glutamatergic neurotransmission in the mPFC of both adolescent and adult males, as shown by the recruitment of NMDA receptor subunits together with increased expression/activation of PSD95, SynCAM 1, Synapsin I and αCaMKII; (ii) a de-recruiting of NMDA receptors from active synaptic zones of same-age females, together with reduced expression/activation of the above-mentioned proteins, which might reduce the glutamate transmission. Whether similar sex-dependent glutamate homeostasis modulation occurs in other brain areas remains to be elucidated. Discussion CN and ESI interact to shape social behavior and mPFC glutamate synapse homeostasis in an age- and sex-dependent fashion, suggesting that early-life social environment may play a crucial role in regulating the risk to develop psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Targa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Buzzelli
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Di Trapano
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- Research National Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology, Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura di Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Houchi C, Marcil MJ, Nadarajah K, Mageau GA, Khairy P, Marin MF, Cossette M, Dubé MP, Chaix MA, Mongeon FP, Dore A, Mondésert B, Ibrahim R, Brouillette J. The relationship between perceived parenting practices and anxiety in adults with congenital heart disease. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00343-X. [PMID: 38705272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and their parents face challenges throughout their lives that can lead to anxiety lasting into adulthood. We aim to assess the association between perceived parenting practices and anxiety beyond pediatric medical-surgical histories in adults with CHD. METHODS A cross-sectional study of adults with CHD was conducted at the Montreal Heart Institute (MHI). Perception of parental practices during childhood was retrospectively assessed using validated self-report questionnaires, while anxiety in adulthood was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Sociodemographic and medical information were collected from a questionnaire and medical records. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was conducted. RESULTS Of the 223 participants, 59% were female, and the mean age was 46 ± 14 years. Perceived parenting practices explained more variance (11%) in the anxiety score than pediatric medical-surgical history (2%). In our final model, anxiety was significantly associated with age, parental history of anxiety, and positive parenting practices, but not with overprotection. CONCLUSIONS Parenting practices are associated with anxiety in adults with CHD beyond pediatric medical-surgical history and sociodemographic. Positive parenting practices may be protective against anxiety in adulthood. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cylia Houchi
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Joëlle Marcil
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Geneviève A Mageau
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Khairy
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariève Cossette
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre, a division of the Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-A Chaix
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - François-Pierre Mongeon
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie Dore
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Blandine Mondésert
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Reda Ibrahim
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Judith Brouillette
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Alon N, Macrynikola N, Jester DJ, Keshavan M, Reynolds CF, Saxena S, Thomas ML, Torous J, Jeste DV. Social determinants of mental health in major depressive disorder: Umbrella review of 26 meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115854. [PMID: 38554496 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition of the impact of social determinants of mental health (SDoMHs) on people with, or at risk of, developing serious mental illnesses. Yet it is not known how associations of individual SDoMHs with risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) vary and roughly compare with one another. Following PRISMA guidelines, this umbrella review included 26 meta-analyses and systematic reviews that reported odds ratios, effect sizes, and/or pooled prevalence rates of MDD in samples with versus without specified SDoMHs. Childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and neglect; intimate partner violence in females; and food insecurity were significantly associated with increased risk of MDD, with medium effect sizes. Natural disasters, terrorist acts, and military combat during deployment had small-size adverse effects, and homelessness, incarceration, and migration were associated with significantly elevated prevalence of MDD. Conversely, higher levels of parental care were significantly associated with reduced risk of MDD with medium effect sizes. Evidence supports the use of certain interventions at the individual and community level that can reduce the impact of these factors and promote health, although much more research is warranted in this area along with meaningful healthcare and societal policies to accomplish this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noy Alon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalia Macrynikola
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dylan J Jester
- Women's Operational Military Exposure Network Center of Excellence (WOMEN CoE), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Shekhar Saxena
- Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael L Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Global Research Network on Social Determinants of Health, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Alamiri B, Alkhamis MA, Naguy A, Alenezi HF, Al Shekaili M. Anxiety disorders among children and adolescents during COVID-19 lockdowns and school closures: a cross-sectional study in Kuwait. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1322745. [PMID: 38410676 PMCID: PMC10895000 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1322745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Investigating the epidemiology of mental health disorders resulting from COVID-19 intervention measures, primary school closures, and social isolation in children and adolescents needs to be prioritized over adults at the post-pandemic stage. Most preliminary psychosocial studies conducted during the pandemic have demonstrated that younger age groups are the most vulnerable to such implications. Thus, this study aims to estimate the probable prevalence of specific anxiety disorders in children and quantify their relationships with relevant demographic risk factors. Methods We used a cross-sectional study comprising 430 children aged between 8- and 18 years old living in Kuwait during the period of school closures as well as full and partial lockdowns. The survey included questions about participants' characteristics, children's anxiety using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders Questionnaire (SCARED) scale, and children's emotions and behaviours using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to summarize the demographic and characteristics of the participants and their association with general, social, and generalized anxieties, as well as behavioural and emotional difficulties. Results We inferred that 24.83% of our participants had at least one anxiety disorder, while 20.19% were classified as abnormal on the SDQ scale. Our multivariate analysis revealed that lockdown duration and sex of the child were consistently significant predictors (p-values < 0.05) of the broad spectrum of selected mental disorders. Additionally, we inferred notable increases in the likelihood of mental disorders associated with the increased duration of lockdowns. Conclusions Our findings revealed preliminary insights into the vulnerability of young populations to the indirect negative impacts of strict public health measures during pandemic emergencies. Thus, authorities should consider such implications when planning and implementing similar interventions in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Alamiri
- Almanara, Kuwait Center for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Moh A. Alkhamis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Naguy
- Almanara, Kuwait Center for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hend F. Alenezi
- General Adult Psychiatry Department, Kuwait Center for Mental Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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6
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Power C, Weise V, Mack JT, Karl M, Garthus-Niegel S. Does parental mental health mediate the association between parents' perceived stress and parent-infant bonding during the early COVID-19 pandemic? Early Hum Dev 2024; 189:105931. [PMID: 38215651 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of the COVID-19 virus was declared a pandemic in March 2020. New restrictions such as 'lockdowns' and 'social distancing' created challenges for individuals' work-life balance, financial situation, family life, and physical and mental health. The global population's stress levels rose in response to these changes, leading to a widespread deterioration of mental health. One group particularly affected was parents of infants and very young children. Poor parental mental health may disrupt parent-infant bonding, with negative consequences for infant well-being and development. AIMS To consider parent-infant bonding in relation to parents' perceived stress and psychological distress during the first lockdown, and to examine whether associations of stress with parent-infant bonding were mediated by parental mental health. METHODS DREAMCORONA (n = 738: 471 mothers and 267 partners) is a sub-study of the prospective German cohort study 'DREAM'. The SPSS modelling tool PROCESS was used to assess whether parental mental health mediated the relationship between parents' perceived stress response to the COVID-19 pandemic and parent-infant bonding, while controlling for covariates. RESULTS Higher levels of parental stress were strongly associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and aggression symptoms for both parents. In addition, there was a significant relationship between parents' self-reported stress levels and parent-infant bonding. This relationship was mediated by symptoms of depression and anxiety for fathers and by symptoms of anger-hostility for both parents. CONCLUSION Increased parental stress during the early pandemic was associated with poorer parent-infant bonding. This has important implications for the management of any future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Weise
- Institute and Outpatient Clinics of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith T Mack
- Institute and Outpatient Clinics of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marlene Karl
- Institute and Outpatient Clinics of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute and Outpatient Clinics of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM) and Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Childhood and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Sójta K, Juraś-Darowny M, Margulska A, Jóźwiak-Majchrzak W, Grażka A, Strzelecki D. Resilience and Strategic Emotional Intelligence as Mediators between the Disconnection and Rejection Domain and Negative Parenting among Female Intimate Partner Violence Victims. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1290. [PMID: 37759891 PMCID: PMC10526309 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The exposure of children to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with a wide range of negative effects on children's development, where as parenting practice is considered to be one of the key factors mediating and mitigating this. Studies have found mixed results regarding the impact of female IPV victimization on maternal parenting practice; however, the most frequently tested hypothesis suggests that the cumulative stress of the IPV experience may emotionally deregulate the mother, contributing to an increased risk of neglected and abusive parenting practices. Little is still known about the factors determining the observed differences in maternal parenting practices among IPV victims. Thus, in our study, we use mediation models to provide preliminary results exploring the role of resilience and strategic emotional intelligence in the relationship between women's disconnection and rejection (D/R) schema domain and maternal parenting practice among IPV victims. (2) Methods: A total of 48 female survivors of IPV and 48 age-matched women with no prior experience of IPV completed a set of tests examining parenting practices, the D/R domain, resilience and emotional intelligence. (3) Results: IPV victimization was associated with significantly higher rates of negative parenting practices. The D/R domain was found to be a significant predictor of parental autonomy attitude and level of parental competence, and these relationships were fully mediated by resilience with strategic emotional intelligence and resilience, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The results shed light on the under-researched relationship between early maladaptive schemas and parenting behavior in the context of IPV. The implications for clinical practice and further research can be drawn based on the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sójta
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Juraś-Darowny
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz, Rodziny Scheiblerów 2, 90-128 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Margulska
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Wioletta Jóźwiak-Majchrzak
- Department of Applied Sociology and Social Work, University of Lodz, Rewolucji 1905 41/43, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Grażka
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (A.G.)
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Marx W, Penninx BWJH, Solmi M, Furukawa TA, Firth J, Carvalho AF, Berk M. Major depressive disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:44. [PMID: 37620370 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities, recurrent thoughts of death, and physical and cognitive symptoms. People with MDD can have reduced quality of life owing to the disorder itself as well as related medical comorbidities, social factors, and impaired functional outcomes. MDD is a complex disorder that cannot be fully explained by any one single established biological or environmental pathway. Instead, MDD seems to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, psychological and biological factors. Treatment for MDD commonly involves pharmacological therapy with antidepressant medications, psychotherapy or a combination of both. In people with severe and/or treatment-resistant MDD, other biological therapies, such as electroconvulsive therapy, may also be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- On Track: The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Seefeld L, von Soest T, Dikmen-Yildiz P, Garthus-Niegel S. Dyadic analyses on the prospective association between birth experience and parent-child-bonding: The role of postpartum depression, anxiety, and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2023; 98:102748. [PMID: 37517159 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative birth experiences are associated with postpartum mental health difficulties in parents. However, research considering the long-term impact of a negative birth experience on parent-child-bonding and the interdependence between parents is rare. This study aimed to investigate actor as well as partner effects for the association between parents' birth experience and parent-child-bonding and whether this association is mediated by postpartum psychiatric symptoms. METHOD A community sample of couples (N = 743) completed questionnaires during pregnancy, 2, and 14 months after birth. RESULTS Applying Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Models, structural equation modeling showed that parents' own negative birth experience predicted a poorer bond to their child 14 months postpartum. Compared to mothers, this association was twice as strong for partners and was mediated by symptoms of postpartum depression (mothers and partners), anxiety (partners), and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder (mothers). Negative birth experiences of one parent were not related to the other parent's bonding with the child. CONCLUSION Results underline the importance of parents' positive birth experience for their postpartum mental health and secure bond to their child. The other parent's birth experience or postpartum mental health does not seem to affect one's own bond to the child in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Seefeld
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM) and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Childhood and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Eisemann N, Schnoor M, Rakusa E, Braren-von Stülpnagel CC, Katalinic A, Ludwig M, Sonntag B, Ludwig AK, Elsner SA. Psychosocial health and quality of life in ICSI and naturally conceived adolescents: a cross-sectional comparison. Qual Life Res 2023:10.1007/s11136-023-03382-5. [PMID: 36928650 PMCID: PMC10328861 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychosocial health (PH) and quality of life (QoL) are important health outcomes. We compared PH and QoL of adolescents conceived with intrazytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) and of naturally conceived controls. The impact of disclosure of ICSI-conception on QoL and PH was quantified. METHODS The cross-sectional sample consisted of 545 ICSI-conceived adolescents and 427 unmatched singleton controls aged 14-18 years. Adolescents reported PH with the 'Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire' (low values indicating high PH), and QoL with the KINDL questionnaire (high values indicating high QoL). Because of clustering of multiples within families, adjusted linear regressions with generalized estimating equations were used to compare ICSI- and naturally conceived adolescents. Missing values were treated by multiple imputation. Minimal importance was defined as half a standard deviation. RESULTS Both ICSI and control adolescents had high PH (low mean 'total difficulties' score: 9 of 40) and high QoL (mean 'total KINDL' score: 75 of 100). Differences were generally in favour of the ICSI group. Significant differences occurred for 'impact of behavioural problems' (p = 0.033), the 'total KINDL' score (p = 0.021) and the dimensions 'physical wellbeing' (p = 0.031) and 'school' (p = 0.005), but all differences were far below minimal importance. About 80% of ICSI adolescents were informed about their mode of conception. PH and QoL were slightly higher in informed adolescents; behavioural difficulties ('total behavioural problems' and 'conduct problems') were significantly lower (p = 0.013 and p = 0.003), behavioural strengths ('prosocial behaviour') and 'physical QoL' significantly higher (p = 0.004 and p = 0.018), but differences remained clearly below minimal importance. CONCLUSIONS Our results are reassuring for parents using ICSI and their children. Speaking openly about an ICSI conception in the family may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Eisemann
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - M Schnoor
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - E Rakusa
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - C C Braren-von Stülpnagel
- German Center for Health Services Research in Dermatology (CVderm), Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Katalinic
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Ludwig
- SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Augsburg, Germany
| | - B Sonntag
- amedes MVZ Hamburg GmbH, Facharztzentrum Für Kinderwunsch, Pränatale Medizin, Endokrinologie und Osteologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A K Ludwig
- Praxis Für Frauengesundheit Und Pränatalmedizin, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S A Elsner
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
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11
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Gioia MC, Cerasa A, Muggeo VMR, Tonin P, Cajiao J, Aloi A, Martino I, Tenuta F, Costabile A, Craig F. The relationship between maternal-fetus attachment and perceived parental bonds in pregnant women: Considering a possible mediating role of psychological distress. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1095030. [PMID: 36726507 PMCID: PMC9885764 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1095030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal-Fetal Attachment (MFA) delineates the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects that mothers develop toward the unborn baby during pregnancy. The literature indicates that optimal attachment in pregnancy represents a protective factor for the mother-child attachment bond after birth and child development outcomes. To date, there are few studies that have investigated associated factors of MFA. This study sets out to explore the association between perceived parental bonds and maternal-fetal bonding in pregnant women, accounting for factors such as psychological distress, socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 1,177 pregnant women answered the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), and Beck-Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Results We found out that perceived maternal and paternal care had significant direct effects on maternal-infant bonding during the pregnancy period when controlling for some confounders, including gestational age and mother age among others. Such maternal and paternal perceived care effects were not mediated by levels of psychological distress, which in turn resulted to be a "borderline" significant predictor of prenatal attachment. Interestingly, the gestational age and the mother age emerged to have a significant and synergic nonlinear effect, suggesting the influence on the MFAS of the gestational age depends on the values of the mother age, and likewise, the effect of mother age on MFAS depends on the gestational week. Conclusion This study expands our knowledge of the intergenerational transmission of attachment pointing out the effects of a woman's perceived bond in relation to her parental figures during the development of the prenatal attachment process. Findings also suggests that parenting support interventions may have benefits that are realized across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Gioia
- iGreco Ospedali Riuniti, Cosenza, Italy,Associazione di Volontariato Mammachemamme, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Cerasa
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy,Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy,S’Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy,*Correspondence: Antonio Cerasa,
| | - Vito M. R. Muggeo
- Department of Economics, Business and Statistics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Juanita Cajiao
- Faculty of Medicine Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessia Aloi
- Associazione di Volontariato Mammachemamme, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Iolanda Martino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institutes of Neurology, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flaviana Tenuta
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Angela Costabile
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Craig
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy,Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea—Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Brindisi, Italy
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12
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Imperatori C, Adenzato M, Palmiero L, Farina B, Ardito RB. Assessment of Unresolved/Disorganized State of Mind in Relation to Attachment: A ROC Curve Study Using the Adult Attachment Interview and the Measure of Parental Style. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2022; 19:197-205. [PMID: 36101645 PMCID: PMC9442855 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to use the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify cut-off points for a self-report measure assessing parental style, i.e., the Measure of Parental Style (MOPS), that are able to discriminate individuals with disorganized internal working models (IWMs) of attachment with adequate accuracy, in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Establishing cut-off points for the MOPS could provide clinicians and researchers with a valuable tool to investigate the role of disorganized IWMs as a link between parental styles and mental health. METHOD A sample of 90 university students (mean age = 21.21 ± 2.05, females = 66) was enrolled in the study. We used the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) to assess disorganized IWM and the MOPS to assess parental styles. Subsequently, we used ROC curve analysis to pursue the objective of the study. RESULTS The ROC curve analysis showed that the MOPS total score (i.e., the combination of maternal and paternal dimensions) was able to discriminate individuals with disorganized IWMs from individuals with organized IWMs (AUC= 0.77). Specifically, a score ≥ 25 (Youden index= 0.497) categorized individuals with a sensitivity of 0.69 (69% of participants with disorganized IWMs were correctly identified) and a specificity of 0.81 (19% of participants were incorrectly identified as having disorganized IWMs). CONCLUSIONS Although the AAI has demonstrated high psychometric properties for assessing attachment representations in adulthood, its use is difficult when studies with large samples are to be conducted. As an alternative to the AAI, the MOPS can be used in studies with large populations, but no cut-off has yet been proposed. Here, we have identified cut-off points for the MOPS that are capable of detecting disorganized IWMs of attachment with adequate accuracy, and we suggest that this self-report is a useful brief instrument for detecting disorganized IWMs when time constraints prevent the use of the AAI (e.g., in studies with large samples or epidemiological studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Corresponding author Mauro Adenzato Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, via Verdi, 10 – 10124 Turin (Italy)
| | - Mauro Adenzato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,Corresponding author Mauro Adenzato Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, via Verdi, 10 – 10124 Turin (Italy)
| | - Luigia Palmiero
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Farina
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita B. Ardito
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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