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Bilodeau-Houle A, Raymond C, Marin MF. It's all in the hair: Association between changes in hair cortisol concentrations in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and post-traumatic stress symptoms in children over time. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107019. [PMID: 38518705 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
After exposure to a stressful/traumatic event, some individuals will develop post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). In adults, low cortisol levels appear to be a risk factor for the development of PTSS. Indeed, both lower pre-trauma cortisol levels and low cortisol levels in the aftermath of a traumatic event have been associated with greater PTSS. In contrast, studies conducted in children showed that elevated cortisol levels shortly after trauma exposure are associated with more severe post-traumatic stress symptomatology. The few studies that have examined how pre-trauma cortisol levels predict PTSS in children have found no effect. Given that a pandemic can induce PTSS in certain individuals, we investigated whether cortisol secretion prior to and in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec (Canada) predicted PTSS in children. In June 2020, we collected a hair sample from 71 children (8-15 y/o, M = 11.65; 54.93% girls) without a history of psychopathology or exposure to previous traumatic events. Hair samples allowed us to derive cumulative measures of cortisol levels for the months prior to (from mid-December 2019 to mid-March 2020) and at the beginning of the pandemic (from mid-March 2020 to mid-June 2020). PTSS were assessed every 3 months between June 2020 (T1) and March 2021 (T4). The results showed that a greater increase in hair cortisol at the beginning of the pandemic predicted less PTSS at T1, with an increase in these symptoms over time. This study highlights the utility of using hair cortisol during future chronic stressful events to better understand its association with the evolution of distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexe Bilodeau-Houle
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada.
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Raymond C, Cernik R, Beaudin M, Arcand M, Pichette F, Marin MF. Maternal attachment security modulates the relationship between vulnerability to anxiety and attentional bias to threat in healthy children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6025. [PMID: 38472274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether attentional bias to threat, commonly observed in clinically anxious children, also manifests in healthy children, potentially aiding the early detection of at-risk individuals. Additionally, it sought to explore the moderating role of parent-child attachment security on the association between vulnerability factors (anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, perseverative cognitions) as indicators of vulnerability to anxiety, and attentional bias towards threat in healthy children. A total of 95 children aged 8 to 12 years completed the Visual Search Task to assess attentional bias. Vulnerability to anxiety was measured using a composite score derived from the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children, and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire. Parent-child attachment security was assessed using the Security Scale-Child Self-Report. Analyses revealed that higher vulnerability to anxiety was associated with faster detection of anger-related stimuli compared to neutral ones, and this association was further influenced by high maternal security. These findings in healthy children suggest an interaction between specific factors related to anxiety vulnerability and the security of the mother-child relationship, leading to cognitive patterns resembling those seen in clinically anxious individuals. These results hold promise for early identification of children at risk of developing anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Myriam Beaudin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Maryse Arcand
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Florence Pichette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Stress, Trauma, Emotion, Anxiety, and Memory (STEAM) Lab, Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada
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Schiller D, Yu ANC, Alia-Klein N, Becker S, Cromwell HC, Dolcos F, Eslinger PJ, Frewen P, Kemp AH, Pace-Schott EF, Raber J, Silton RL, Stefanova E, Williams JHG, Abe N, Aghajani M, Albrecht F, Alexander R, Anders S, Aragón OR, Arias JA, Arzy S, Aue T, Baez S, Balconi M, Ballarini T, Bannister S, Banta MC, Barrett KC, Belzung C, Bensafi M, Booij L, Bookwala J, Boulanger-Bertolus J, Boutros SW, Bräscher AK, Bruno A, Busatto G, Bylsma LM, Caldwell-Harris C, Chan RCK, Cherbuin N, Chiarella J, Cipresso P, Critchley H, Croote DE, Demaree HA, Denson TF, Depue B, Derntl B, Dickson JM, Dolcos S, Drach-Zahavy A, Dubljević O, Eerola T, Ellingsen DM, Fairfield B, Ferdenzi C, Friedman BH, Fu CHY, Gatt JM, de Gelder B, Gendolla GHE, Gilam G, Goldblatt H, Gooding AEK, Gosseries O, Hamm AO, Hanson JL, Hendler T, Herbert C, Hofmann SG, Ibanez A, Joffily M, Jovanovic T, Kahrilas IJ, Kangas M, Katsumi Y, Kensinger E, Kirby LAJ, Koncz R, Koster EHW, Kozlowska K, Krach S, Kret ME, Krippl M, Kusi-Mensah K, Ladouceur CD, Laureys S, Lawrence A, Li CSR, Liddell BJ, Lidhar NK, Lowry CA, Magee K, Marin MF, Mariotti V, Martin LJ, Marusak HA, Mayer AV, Merner AR, Minnier J, Moll J, Morrison RG, Moore M, Mouly AM, Mueller SC, Mühlberger A, Murphy NA, Muscatello MRA, Musser ED, Newton TL, Noll-Hussong M, Norrholm SD, Northoff G, Nusslock R, Okon-Singer H, Olino TM, Ortner C, Owolabi M, Padulo C, Palermo R, Palumbo R, Palumbo S, Papadelis C, Pegna AJ, Pellegrini S, Peltonen K, Penninx BWJH, Pietrini P, Pinna G, Lobo RP, Polnaszek KL, Polyakova M, Rabinak C, Helene Richter S, Richter T, Riva G, Rizzo A, Robinson JL, Rosa P, Sachdev PS, Sato W, Schroeter ML, Schweizer S, Shiban Y, Siddharthan A, Siedlecka E, Smith RC, Soreq H, Spangler DP, Stern ER, Styliadis C, Sullivan GB, Swain JE, Urben S, Van den Stock J, Vander Kooij MA, van Overveld M, Van Rheenen TE, VanElzakker MB, Ventura-Bort C, Verona E, Volk T, Wang Y, Weingast LT, Weymar M, Williams C, Willis ML, Yamashita P, Zahn R, Zupan B, Lowe L. The Human Affectome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105450. [PMID: 37925091 PMCID: PMC11003721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, theoretical perspectives in the interdisciplinary field of the affective sciences have proliferated rather than converged due to differing assumptions about what human affective phenomena are and how they work. These metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions, shaped by academic context and values, have dictated affective constructs and operationalizations. However, an assumption about the purpose of affective phenomena can guide us to a common set of metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions. In this capstone paper, we home in on a nested teleological principle for human affective phenomena in order to synthesize metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions. Under this framework, human affective phenomena can collectively be considered algorithms that either adjust based on the human comfort zone (affective concerns) or monitor those adaptive processes (affective features). This teleologically-grounded framework offers a principled agenda and launchpad for both organizing existing perspectives and generating new ones. Ultimately, we hope the Human Affectome brings us a step closer to not only an integrated understanding of human affective phenomena, but an integrated field for affective research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schiller
- Department of Psychiatry, the Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, and the Friedman Brain Institute, at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Alessandra N C Yu
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susanne Becker
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Integrative Spinal Research Group, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Lengghalde 5, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Howard C Cromwell
- J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Florin Dolcos
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Paul J Eslinger
- Departments of Neurology, Neural & Behavioral Science, Radiology, and Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Paul Frewen
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew H Kemp
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Edward F Pace-Schott
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Departments of Neurology, Radiation Medicine, Psychiatry, and Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rebecca L Silton
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elka Stefanova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia
| | - Justin H G Williams
- Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 1 Parklands Dr, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Nobuhito Abe
- Institute for the Future of Human Society, Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, GGZ InGeest Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Albrecht
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Alexander
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Silke Anders
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Oriana R Aragón
- Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT, United States; Cincinnati University, Marketing Department, 2906 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0145, United States
| | - Juan A Arias
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis, and Operational Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; The Galician Center for Mathematical Research and Technology (CITMAga), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Shahar Arzy
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tatjana Aue
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstr. 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Michela Balconi
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Scott Bannister
- Durham University, Palace Green, DH1 RL3 Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karen Caplovitz Barrett
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Department of Community & Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | | | - Moustafa Bensafi
- Research Center in Neurosciences of Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jamila Bookwala
- Department of Psychology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, United States
| | - Julie Boulanger-Bertolus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sydney Weber Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Anne-Kathrin Bräscher
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Mainz, Wallstr. 3, 55122 Mainz, Germany; Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging - University of Messina, Italy
| | - Geraldo Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauren M Bylsma
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology; and the Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health, and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Julian Chiarella
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab., Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IRCCS), Milan, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS), University of Sussex, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Denise E Croote
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY 10029, United States; Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heath A Demaree
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas F Denson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan Depue
- Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joanne M Dickson
- Edith Cowan University, Psychology Discipline, School of Arts and Humanities, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Sanda Dolcos
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Anat Drach-Zahavy
- The Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Olga Dubljević
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia; Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tuomas Eerola
- Durham University, Palace Green, DH1 RL3 Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Dan-Mikael Ellingsen
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beth Fairfield
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; UniCamillus, International Medical University, Rome, Italy
| | - Camille Ferdenzi
- Research Center in Neurosciences of Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 bd Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Bruce H Friedman
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Cynthia H Y Fu
- School of Psychology, University of East London, United Kingdom; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Beatrice de Gelder
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guido H E Gendolla
- Geneva Motivation Lab, University of Geneva, FPSE, Section of Psychology, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Gadi Gilam
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Systems Neuroscience and Pain Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States
| | - Hadass Goldblatt
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness & Centre du Cerveau2, University and University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alfons O Hamm
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology/Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jamie L Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, United States
| | - Talma Hendler
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Function, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Cornelia Herbert
- Department of Applied Emotion and Motivation Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), United States and Trinity Collegue Dublin (TCD), Ireland
| | - Mateus Joffily
- Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique (GATE), 93 Chemin des Mouilles, 69130 Écully, France
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavaioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ian J Kahrilas
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maria Kangas
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuta Katsumi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kensinger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren A J Kirby
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca Koncz
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Specialty of Psychiatry, The University of Sydney, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ernst H W Koster
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sören Krach
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Translational Psychiatry Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mariska E Kret
- Leiden University, Cognitive Psychology, Pieter de la Court, Waassenaarseweg 52, Leiden 2333 AK, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Krippl
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Psychology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kwabena Kusi-Mensah
- Department of Psychiatry, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, P. O. Box 1934, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Darwin College, Silver Street, CB3 9EU Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology and the Center for Neural Basis of Cognition (CNBC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness & Centre du Cerveau2, University and University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alistair Lawrence
- Scotland's Rural College, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, Scotland; The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Scotland
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Connecticut Mental Health Centre, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Belinda J Liddell
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Navdeep K Lidhar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey Magee
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Veronica Mariotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Loren J Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Hilary A Marusak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavaioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Annalina V Mayer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Translational Psychiatry Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Amanda R Merner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jessica Minnier
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robert G Morrison
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matthew Moore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States; War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Mouly
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS-UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Universite Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sven C Mueller
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Mühlberger
- Department of Psychology (Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nora A Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Erica D Musser
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Tamara L Newton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Michael Noll-Hussong
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, TU Muenchen, Langerstrasse 3, D-81675 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Seth Davin Norrholm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavaioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Canada
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Hadas Okon-Singer
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701N. 13th St, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Catherine Ortner
- Thompson Rivers University, Department of Psychology, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, Canada
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Department of Medicine and Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan; University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Blossom Specialist Medical Center Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Caterina Padulo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Romina Palermo
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Palumbo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christos Papadelis
- Jane and John Justin Neuroscience Center, Cook Children's Health Care System, Fort Worth, TX, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Alan J Pegna
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kirsi Peltonen
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, GGZ InGeest Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | | | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rosario Pintos Lobo
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kelly L Polnaszek
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maryna Polyakova
- Neurology Department, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Rabinak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - S Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Badestraße 13, Münster, Germany
| | - Thalia Richter
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab., Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IRCCS), Milan, Italy; Humane Technology Lab., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Amelia Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging - University of Messina, Italy
| | | | - Pedro Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wataru Sato
- Psychological Process Research Team, Guardian Robot Project, RIKEN, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Schweizer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Youssef Shiban
- Department of Psychology (Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Psychology (Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Research), PFH - Private University of Applied Sciences, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Advaith Siddharthan
- Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Siedlecka
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert C Smith
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Hermona Soreq
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science and The Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Derek P Spangler
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Emily R Stern
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charis Styliadis
- Neuroscience of Cognition and Affection group, Lab of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - James E Swain
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Psychology, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Medicine, and Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, New York, United States
| | - Sébastien Urben
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan Van den Stock
- Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael A Vander Kooij
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitatsmedizin der Johannes Guttenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael B VanElzakker
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carlos Ventura-Bort
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Edelyn Verona
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Tyler Volk
- Professor Emeritus of Biology and Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leah T Weingast
- Department of Social Work and Human Services and the Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for Young Adult Addiction and Recovery, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Mathias Weymar
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claire Williams
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elysium Neurological Services, Elysium Healthcare, The Avalon Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Megan L Willis
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paula Yamashita
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Roland Zahn
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbra Zupan
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Neuroqualia (NGO), Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Peyrot C, Provencher J, Duplessis Marcotte F, Cernik R, Marin MF. Using unconditioned responses to predict fear acquisition, fear extinction learning, and extinction retention patterns: Sex hormone status matters. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114802. [PMID: 38081517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Following a traumatic event, fear dysregulation can increase the likelihood of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This psychopathology is twice as prevalent in women than in men. High physiological reactivity following trauma may be an early risk indicator for the development of PTSD. Elevated physiological reactivity and low estradiol levels have individually been associated with higher fear acquisition and/or lower extinction retention. Thus, sex hormone status may also modulate fear regulation abilities. However, it is unknown whether these two vulnerability factors interact to modulate fear learning and regulation. Using a fear conditioning and extinction protocol, we examined whether physiological reactivity to the aversive stimulus during fear acquisition training predicted fear responses during fear learning, extinction learning, and extinction retention. We verified whether these associations differed according to sex hormone status. Seventy-seven non-clinical participants were recruited including oral contraceptive users (n = 18), early follicular women (n = 20, [low estradiol]), mid-cycle women (n = 20, [high estradiol]), and men (n = 19). Participants underwent a three-day fear conditioning and extinction protocol (day 1: fear acquisition training; day 2: extinction training; day 3: retention test). Skin conductance responses were recorded. In early follicular women, physiological reactivity predicted conditioned and extinguished stimulus fear responses during all phases. For the remaining women, this effect was only present during fear learning and extinction learning. These findings highlight the importance of considering physiological reactivity and sex hormone status following a traumatic event. This knowledge could aid in the early identification of those at higher risk of developing PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Peyrot
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, H1N 3J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit boulevard, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Jessie Provencher
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, H1N 3J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H2X 2P3, Canada.
| | - Félix Duplessis Marcotte
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, H1N 3J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H2X 2P3, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, H1N 3J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H2X 2P3, Canada.
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, H1N 3J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit boulevard, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H2X 2P3, Canada.
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Logie CH, Okumu M, Admassu Z, MacKenzie F, Tailor L, Kortenaar JL, Perez-Brumer A, Ahmed R, Batte S, Hakiza R, Kibuuka Musoke D, Katisi B, Nakitende A, Juster RP, Marin MF, Kyambadde P. Exploring ecosocial contexts of alcohol use and misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: Multi-method findings. J Migr Health 2024; 9:100215. [PMID: 38375158 PMCID: PMC10875238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Urban refugees may be disproportionately affected by socio-environmental stressors that shape alcohol use, and this may have been exacerbated by additional stressors in the COVID-19 pandemic. This multi-method study aimed to understand experiences of, and contextual factors associated with, alcohol use during the pandemic among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional survey (n = 335), in-depth individual interviews (IDI) (n = 24), and focus groups (n = 4) with urban refugee youth in Kampala. We also conducted key informant interviews (n = 15) with a range of stakeholders in Kampala. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses with survey data to examine socio-demographic and ecosocial (structural, community, interpersonal) factors associated with ever using alcohol and alcohol misuse. We applied thematic analyses across qualitative data to explore lived experiences, and perceived impacts, of alcohol use. Among survey participants (n = 335, mean age= 20.8, standard deviation: 3.01), half of men and one-fifth of women reported ever using alcohol. Among those reporting any alcohol use, half (n = 66, 51.2 %) can be classified as alcohol misuse. In multivariable analyses, older age, gender (men vs. women), higher education, and perceived increased pandemic community violence against women and children were associated with significantly higher likelihood of ever using alcohol. In multivariable analyses, very low food security, relationship status, transactional sex, and lower social support were associated with increased likelihood of alcohol misuse. Qualitative findings revealed: (1) alcohol use as a coping mechanism for stressors (e.g., financial insecurity, refugee-related stigma); and (2) perceived impacts of alcohol use on refugee youth health (e.g., physical, mental). Together findings provide insight into multi-level contexts that shape vulnerability to alcohol mis/use among urban refugee youth in Kampala and signal the need for gender-tailored strategies to reduce socio-environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen H. Logie
- Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Gender & Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Moses Okumu
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- School of Social Sciences, Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Uganda
| | - Zerihun Admassu
- Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frannie MacKenzie
- Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Tailor
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Kortenaar
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amaya Perez-Brumer
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rushdia Ahmed
- Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shamilah Batte
- Organization for Gender Empowerment and Rights Advocacy- OGERA Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Hakiza
- Young African Refugees for Integral Development (YARID), Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Brenda Katisi
- Young African Refugees for Integral Development (YARID), Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Department of Psychiatry & Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter Kyambadde
- Most At Risk Population Initiative Clinic, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
- National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
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Kerr P, Le Page C, Giguère CÉ, Marin MF, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Romain AJ, Taschereau-Dumouchel V, Ouellet-Morin I, Lecomte T, Potvin S, Geoffrion S, Sasseville M, Caihol L, Lipp O, Pelletier JF, Dumais A, Lesage A, Labelle R, Lavoie M, Godbout R, Vincent P, Boissonneault J, Findlay H, Lupien SJ, Guay S, Juster RP, Consortium S. The Signature Biobank: A longitudinal biopsychosocial repository of psychiatric emergency patients. Psychiatry Res 2024; 332:115718. [PMID: 38198857 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The Signature Biobank is a longitudinal repository of biospecimen, psychological, sociodemographic, and diagnostic data that was created in 2012. The Signature Consortium represents a group of approximately one hundred Quebec-based transdisciplinary clinicians and research scientists with various expertise in the field of psychiatry. The objective of the Signature Biobank is to investigate the multi-faceted underpinnings of psychiatric disorders among patients in crisis. The Signature Consortium is expanding and includes new active members that seek to highlight the contributions made by Signature Biobank since its inception. This article details our research protocol, directions, and summarizes contributions. To date, we have collected biological samples (n = 1,986), and questionnaire data (n = 2,085) from psychiatric emergency patients of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (Quebec, Canada), with a large proportion from whom both data types were collected (n = 1,926). In addition to this, a subsample of patients was followed-up at hospital discharge, and two additional outpatient clinic appointments (n = 958 with at least one follow-up). In addition, a socio-demographically matched comparison group of individuals who were not hospitalized for psychiatric disorders (n = 149) was recruited from the surrounding catchment area. To summarize, a systematic review of the literature shows that the Signature Biobank has contributed to better characterizing psychiatric comorbidities, biological profiles, and psychosocial functioning across some of the most common psychiatric disorders, including psychosis, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. The Signature Biobank is now one of the world's largest repositories of data collected from patients receiving care at a psychiatric emergency unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Kerr
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles-Édouard Giguère
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada; Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ahmed Jérôme Romain
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ouellet-Morin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tania Lecomte
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steve Geoffrion
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Sasseville
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lionel Caihol
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Lipp
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Pelletier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States; CISSS de la Montérégie-Ouest, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Lesage
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Réal Labelle
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lavoie
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Roger Godbout
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Vincent
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Janick Boissonneault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Helen Findlay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia J Lupien
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Signature Consortium
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Davignon LM, Brouillard A, Juster RP, Marin MF. The role of sex hormones, oral contraceptive use, and its parameters on visuospatial abilities, verbal fluency, and verbal memory. Horm Behav 2024; 157:105454. [PMID: 37981465 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormones can cross the blood-brain barrier and access brain regions underlying higher-order cognition. Containing synthetic sex hormones, oral contraceptives (OC) have been found to modulate visuospatial and verbal abilities, though inconsistencies have been found in the literature. Among possible explanations, certain OC use parameters (progestin androgenicity, synthetic hormone levels, duration of use) have not received consistent consideration. Thus, the objectives were to (1) examine group differences between men, combined OC users, and naturally cycling women (NC women; not using OC) in visuospatial abilities, verbal fluency, and verbal memory and (2) investigate the contribution of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones on these effects. We also aimed to (3) identify OC use parameters relevant to cognitive outcomes. In total, 70 combined OC users, 53 early follicular (EF) women, 43 pre-ovulatory (PO) women, and 47 men underwent cognitive tests. Performance was compared based on hormonal milieus (OC, EF, PO, men) and OC users' contraceptive androgenicity (anti, low, high). Correlations between performance, hormone levels and OC use duration were also conducted. OC use dampened the sex difference that typically favors men in 3D visuospatial abilities, whereas its duration of use positively predicted verbal fluency. Androgenicity and hormone levels did not predict performance in any task. These results highlight the importance of considering OC use duration. Results also did not support a role for androgenicity in cognition. Importantly, combined OC use (including prolonged use) does not impair visuospatial, verbal, and memory functions in a healthy young sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Davignon
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal H1N 3J4, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal H2X 2P3, Canada
| | - Alexandra Brouillard
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal H1N 3J4, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal H2X 2P3, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal H1N 3J4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit Boulevard, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal H1N 3J4, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal H2X 2P3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit Boulevard, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Brouillard A, Davignon LM, Turcotte AM, Marin MF. Morphologic alterations of the fear circuitry: the role of sex hormones and oral contraceptives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1228504. [PMID: 38027091 PMCID: PMC10661904 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1228504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenous sex hormones and oral contraceptives (OCs) have been shown to influence key regions implicated in fear processing. While OC use has been found to impact brain morphology, methodological challenges remain to be addressed, such as avoiding selection bias between OC users and non-users, as well as examining potential lasting effects of OC intake. Objective We investigated the current and lasting effects of OC use, as well as the interplay between the current hormonal milieu and history of hormonal contraception use on structural correlates of the fear circuitry. We also examined the role of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones within this network. Methods We recruited healthy adults aged 23-35 who identified as women currently using (n = 62) or having used (n = 37) solely combined OCs, women who never used any hormonal contraceptives (n = 40), or men (n = 41). Salivary endogenous sex hormones and current users' salivary ethinyl estradiol (EE) were assessed using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging, we extracted surface-based gray matter volumes (GMVs) and cortical thickness (CT) for regions of interest of the fear circuitry. Exploratory whole-brain analyses were conducted with surface-based and voxel-based morphometry methods. Results Compared to men, all three groups of women exhibited a larger GMV of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, while only current users showed a thinner ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Irrespective of the menstrual cycle phase, never users exhibited a thicker right anterior insular cortex than past users. While associations with endogenous sex hormones remain unclear, we showed that EE dosage in current users had a greater influence on brain anatomy compared to salivary EE levels and progestin androgenicity, with lower doses being associated with smaller cortical GMVs. Discussion Our results highlight a sex difference for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex GMV (a fear-promoting region), as well as a reduced CT of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (a fear-inhibiting region) specific to current OC use. Precisely, this finding was driven by lower EE doses. These findings may represent structural vulnerabilities to anxiety and stress-related disorders. We showed little evidence of durable anatomical effects, suggesting that OC intake can (reversibly) affect fear-related brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Brouillard
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa-Marie Davignon
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marie-France Marin
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Heyn SA, George G, Hamm E, Olson C, Harari JH, Marin MF, Milad MR, Herringa RJ. A proof-of-concept study of vicarious extinction learning and autonomic synchrony in parent-child dyads and posttraumatic stress disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14968. [PMID: 37696866 PMCID: PMC10495332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Though threat-extinction models continue to inform scientific study of traumatic stress, knowledge of learning and extinction as mechanisms linking exposure to psychopathology remains critically limited among youth. This proof-of-concept study advances the study of threat-extinction in youth by determining feasibility of electrodermal stimulation (EDS), vicarious extinction learning via their parent, and social threat learning in pediatric PTSD (pPTSD). Typically developing (TD) and PTSD-diagnosed youth in 45 mother-child dyads completed an extinction learning paradigm. The use of EDS was first investigated in a cohort of TD youth (n = 20) using a 2-day paradigm without vicarious extinction, while direct (for TD and pPTSD) and vicarious (for pPTSD) extinction were investigated in a 3-day paradigm (n = 25). Threat acquisition and extinction were monitored using skin-conductance response (SCR) and behavioral expectations of EDS. Using Bayesian modeling to accommodate this pilot sample, our results demonstrate: (1) EDS-conditioning to be highly feasible and well-tolerated across TD and trauma-exposed youth, (2) Successful direct and vicarious extinction learning in trauma-exposed youth, and (3) PTSD-associated patterns in extinction learning and physiological synchrony between parent-child dyads. In summary, these novel approaches have the potential to advance translational studies in the mechanistic understanding of parent-child transmission of risk and youth psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Heyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
| | - Grace George
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Emily Hamm
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christy Olson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Julia H Harari
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan J Herringa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI, 53719, USA
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10
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Raymond C, Pichette F, Beaudin M, Cernik R, Marin MF. Vulnerability to anxiety differently predicts cortisol reactivity and state anxiety during a laboratory stressor in healthy girls and boys. J Affect Disord 2023; 331:425-433. [PMID: 36972852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children diagnosed with anxiety disorders show altered cortisol and state anxiety reactivity to stressful situations. To date, it remains unclear whether these dysregulations emerge after the pathology or whether they are also detectable in healthy children. If the latter is true, this may provide insight into children's vulnerability to develop clinical anxiety. Various personality factors (anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, perseverative cognitions) increase youth's vulnerability to develop anxiety disorders. This study aimed to examine whether vulnerability to anxiety was associated with cortisol reactivity and state anxiety in healthy youth. METHODS 114 children (8-12 y/o) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C), where saliva samples were collected for cortisol quantification. State anxiety was assessed 20 min before and 10 min after the TSST-C using the state form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Vulnerability to anxiety was assessed using a composite score of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children, and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire. RESULTS Higher vulnerability to anxiety was associated with enhanced cortisol reactivity in boys. Irrespective of vulnerability level, girls reported greater changes in state anxiety in response to the TSST. LIMITATIONS Given the correlational nature of this study, the directionality of the results remains to be elucidated. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that endocrine patterns characterizing anxiety disorders are detectable in healthy boys who exhibit a high level of self-reported vulnerability to anxiety. These results could aid in the early identification of children at risk of developing anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Florence Pichette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Myriam Beaudin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Fortin J, Rivest-Beauregard M, Defer C, Leblanc M, Thamar Louis LA, Roy CA, Lapierre I, Brunet A, Montreuil M, Marin MF. The Impact of Canadian Medical Delays and Preventive Measures on Breast Cancer Experience: A Silent Battle Masked by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Can J Nurs Res 2023; 55:55-67. [PMID: 35484788 PMCID: PMC9086203 DOI: 10.1177/08445621221097520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic led to the prioritization of breast cancer services towards patients who are currently in treatment or diagnosed with advanced stages of breast cancer, and the self-assessment of both tumor growth and treatment side effects. Alongside the stress associated with cancer itself, delays and complications due to COVID-19 may impact patients' mental health. PURPOSE To describe the experiences of Canadians living with breast cancer who received a diagnosis and/or treatment during the pandemic, and to identify their recommendations for improving patients well-being during future pandemics. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eighteen women living with breast cancer who also completed the Distress Thermometer questionnaire. The transcripts were analyzed using a descriptive thematic content methodology. RESULTS Women who started their breast cancer screening or treatment before the pandemic reported fewer delays and less psychological distress than those who started during the pandemic. Participants reported feeling dehumanized while receiving their medical care, being unable to be accompanied during medical visits, and fearing treatment interruption during the pandemic. Patient recommendations for improving care and psychological support included the presence of family caregivers at consultations to receive the diagnosis and for the first treatment session. CONCLUSION Study findings provide new insights on how healthcare restrictions during the pandemic impacted on patient experiences and their well-being during screening and treatment for breast cancer. The need for cancer nursing practices and care delivery strategies that promote the delivery of compassionate, patient-centred care and the provision of psychological support during future pandemics are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Fortin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Centre de recherche de l’Institut en santé mentale de Montréal, CIUSSS-de-l’Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Justine Fortin, 7331, rue Hochelaga Montréal, Québec, H1N 3V2, Canada.
| | | | - Clarisse Defer
- Department of Oncology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CIUSSS-de-l’Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Carol-Anne Roy
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Alain Brunet
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marjorie Montreuil
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut en santé mentale de Montréal, CIUSSS-de-l’Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Centre de recherche de l’Institut en santé mentale de Montréal, CIUSSS-de-l’Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Bilodeau-Houle A, Morand-Beaulieu S, Bouchard V, Marin MF. Parent-child physiological concordance predicts stronger observational fear learning in children with a less secure relationship with their parent. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 226:105553. [PMID: 36202012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Observational fear learning is common in children as they learn to fear by observing their parents. Although adaptive, it can also contribute to the development of fear-related psychopathologies such as anxiety disorders. Therefore, it is important to identify and study the factors that modulate children's sensitivity to observational fear learning. For instance, observational fear learning can be facilitated by the synchronization of biological systems between two people. In parent-child dyads, physiological concordance is important and varies according to the attachment relationship, among others. We investigated the joint effect of parent-child physiological concordance and attachment on observational fear learning in children. A total of 84 parent-child dyads participated in this study. Parents were filmed while exposed to a fear-conditioning protocol, where one stimulus was associated with a shock (CS+) and the other was not (CS-). This recording was then shown to the children (observational learning). Thereafter, both stimuli (CS+ and CS-) were presented to the children without any shock (direct expression test). For both the parent and child, skin conductance activity was recorded throughout the entire procedure. We measured physiological concordance between the parent's phasic skin conductance signal during conditioning and the child's signal during the observational learning stage. Children showing stronger concordance and a less secure relationship with their parent exhibited higher levels of fear to the CS+, as indicated by a heightened skin conductance response during the direct expression test. Thus, when children have an insecure relationship with their parent, strong physiological concordance may increase their sensitivity to observational fear learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexe Bilodeau-Houle
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Bouchard
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada.
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13
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Arcand M, Bilodeau-Houle A, Juster RP, Marin MF. Sex and gender role differences on stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms in response to the COVID-19 pandemic over time. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1166154. [PMID: 37207028 PMCID: PMC10189052 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms have been reported during the pandemic, with important inter-individual differences. Past cross-sectional studies have found that sex and gender roles may contribute to the modulation of one's vulnerability to develop such symptoms. This longitudinal study aimed to examine the interaction of sex and psychological gender roles on stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Following the confinement measures in March 2020 in Montreal, stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms were assessed every 3 months (from June 2020 to March 2021) with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale among 103 females and 50 males. Femininity and masculinity scores were assessed with the Bem Sex Role Inventory before the pandemic and were added as predictors along with time, sex, and the interactions between these variables using linear mixed models. Results We observed similar levels of depressive symptoms between males and females, but higher levels of stress and anxious symptoms in females. No effects of sex and gender roles on depressive symptoms were found. For stress and anxiety, an interaction between time, femininity, and sex was found. At the beginning of the pandemic, females with high femininity had more stress symptoms than males with high femininity, whereas females with low femininity had more anxiety symptoms 1 year after the confinement measures compared to males with low femininity. Discussion These findings suggest that sex differences and psychological gender roles contribute to heterogeneous patterns of stress and anxiety symptoms over time in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Arcand
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexe Bilodeau-Houle
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Faculté des Sciences Humaines, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Faculté des Sciences Humaines, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Marie-France Marin
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14
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Provencher J, Cernik R, Marin MF. Impact of Stress and Exercise on Fear Extinction. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 64:157-178. [PMID: 37498495 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the literature on the impact of stress and exercise on fear extinction. Given that key brain regions of the fear circuitry (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex) can be modulated by stress hormones, it is important to investigate how stress influences this process. Laboratory-based studies performed in healthy adults have yielded mixed results, which are most likely attributable to various methodological factors. Among these factors, inter-individual differences modulating the stress response and timing of stressor administration with respect to the task may contribute to this heterogeneity. Given that fear is a core manifestation of various psychopathologies and that exposure-based therapy relies on fear extinction principles, several studies have attempted to assess the role of stress hormones on exposure-based therapy in patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder or anxiety disorders. These studies tend to suggest a beneficial impact of stress hormones (through either natural endogenous variations or synthetic administration) on exposure-based therapy as assessed mostly by subjective fear measures. Similar to stress, exercise can have an impact on many physiological and biological systems in humans. Of note, exercise modulates biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and anandamide (EAE) that act on brain regions implicated in the fear circuitry, supporting the importance of studying the impact of exercise on fear extinction. Overall, the results converge and indicate that fear extinction (tested in the laboratory or via exposure-based therapy in clinical populations) can be enhanced with exercise. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which stress and exercise modulate fear learning and extinction processes, as well as to maximize the applicability to clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Provencher
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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15
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Cyr S, Marcil MJ, Houchi C, Marin MF, Rosa C, Tardif JC, Guay S, Guertin MC, Genest C, Forest J, Lavoie P, Labrosse M, Vadeboncoeur A, Selcer S, Ducharme S, Brouillette J. Evolution of burnout and psychological distress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 1-year observational study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:809. [PMID: 36539718 PMCID: PMC9763813 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers remain unknown. We aimed to determine the one-year progression of burnout and mental health since pandemic onset, and verify if protective factors against psychological distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (Cyr et al. in Front Psychiatry; 2021) remained associated when assessed several months later. METHODS We used validated questionnaires (Maslach Burnout Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] Checklist for DSM-5 scales) to assess burnout and psychological distress in 410 healthcare workers from Quebec, Canada, at three and 12 months after pandemic onset. We then performed multivariable regression analyses to identify protective factors of burnout and mental health at 12 months. As the equivalent regression analyses at three months post-pandemic onset had already been conducted in the previous paper, we could compare the protective factors at both time points. RESULTS Prevalence of burnout and anxiety were similar at three and 12 months (52% vs. 51%, p = 0.66; 23% vs. 23%, p = 0.91), while PTSD (23% vs. 11%, p < 0.0001) and depression (11% vs. 6%, p = 0.001) decreased significantly over time. Higher resilience was associated with a lower probability of all outcomes at both time points. Perceived organizational support remained significantly associated with a reduced risk of burnout at 12 months. Social support emerged as a protective factor against burnout at 12 months and persisted over time for studied PTSD, anxiety, and depression. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare workers' occupational and mental health stabilized or improved between three and 12 months after the pandemic onset. The predominant protective factors against burnout remained resilience and perceived organizational support. For PTSD, anxiety and depression, resilience and social support were important factors over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cyr
- grid.482476.b0000 0000 8995 9090Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, Québec, H1T 1C8 Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Marie-Joelle Marcil
- grid.482476.b0000 0000 8995 9090Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, Québec, H1T 1C8 Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Cylia Houchi
- grid.482476.b0000 0000 8995 9090Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, Québec, H1T 1C8 Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada ,grid.38678.320000 0001 2181 0211Department of Psychology, UQAM, 100 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H2X 3P2 Canada ,grid.414210.20000 0001 2321 7657Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal, Québec, H1N 3V2 Canada
| | - Camille Rosa
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, Québec, H1T 1C8 Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- grid.482476.b0000 0000 8995 9090Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, Québec, H1T 1C8 Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada ,grid.414210.20000 0001 2321 7657Centre d’étude sur le Trauma, Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal, Québec, H1N 3V2 Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Guertin
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, Québec, H1T 1C8 Canada
| | - Christine Genest
- grid.414210.20000 0001 2321 7657Centre d’étude sur le Trauma, Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal, Québec, H1N 3V2 Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Marguerite-d’Youville Pavilion, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Jacques Forest
- Department of Organization and Human Resources, ESG UQAM, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Patrick Lavoie
- grid.482476.b0000 0000 8995 9090Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, Québec, H1T 1C8 Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Marguerite-d’Youville Pavilion, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Mélanie Labrosse
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada ,grid.411418.90000 0001 2173 6322Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Québec, H3T 1C5 Canada
| | - Alain Vadeboncoeur
- grid.482476.b0000 0000 8995 9090Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, Québec, H1T 1C8 Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Shaun Selcer
- grid.482476.b0000 0000 8995 9090Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, Québec, H1T 1C8 Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Verdun, Québec, H4H 1R3 Canada ,grid.416102.00000 0004 0646 3639McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Judith Brouillette
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Raymond C, Bilodeau-Houle A, Zerroug Y, Provencher J, Beaudin M, Marin MF. Pre-pandemic socio-emotional vulnerability, internalizing and externalizing symptoms predict changes in hair cortisol concentrations in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic in children. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 144:105888. [PMID: 35933864 PMCID: PMC9344696 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased distress in many children, particularly in girls. Socio-emotional vulnerability, as well as psychiatric symptomatology prior to or during the initial stages of the pandemic, have been identified as important predictors of this distress. Still, it is unclear whether the pandemic also had physiological repercussions in children. If so, it remains to be determined whether these same predictors could provide insight into inter-individual variability. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the effects of socio-emotional vulnerability, as well as pre-pandemic internalizing and externalizing symptoms, on hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in healthy youth. In June 2020 (T1), 69 healthy children (M = 11.57 y/o) who visited the laboratory between 2017 and 2019 (T0) provided a 6 cm hair sample. This technique allowed us to quantify cortisol secretion during the three months preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (Segment A) and during the first three months of the first wave of the pandemic in Quebec, Canada (Segment B). At T0, participants completed the Dominic Interactive to assess pre-pandemic internalizing and externalizing symptoms. A socio-emotional composite score (SECS) was derived using a weighted z-score with the following constructs: anxiety sensitivity (Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index) measured at T0, trait anxiety (Trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C)), intolerance of uncertainty (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children), and trait rumination (Children's Response Style Scale) measured at T1. A linear regression was conducted using the percent change in HCC across Segment A and B as the dependent variable, where SECS, pre-pandemic internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and sex were used as predictors. We found a main effect of sex, with girls presenting increased HCC reactivity compared to boys. We also found that SECS and internalizing symptoms negatively predicted HCC, whereas the opposite relationship was found between externalizing symptoms and HCC reactivity. For healthy children, our results suggest that previous psychiatric symptoms and socio-emotional vulnerability may be risk factors for the presentation of diverging cortisol response patterns in response to an adverse life event (such as the COVID-19 pandemic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexe Bilodeau-Houle
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yasmine Zerroug
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessie Provencher
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Beaudin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Geoffrion S, Nolet K, Giguère CÉ, Lecomte T, Potvin S, Lupien S, Marin MF. Psychosocial Profiles of Patients Admitted to Psychiatric Emergency Services: Results from the Signature Biobank Project. Can J Psychiatry 2022; 67:380-390. [PMID: 34011181 PMCID: PMC9065491 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211018793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients admitted to psychiatric emergency services (PES) are highly heterogenous. New tools based on a transdiagnosis approach could help attending psychiatrists in their evaluation process and treatment planning. The goals of this study were to: (1) identify profiles of symptoms based on self-reported, dimensional outcomes in psychiatric patients upon their admission to PES, (2) link these profiles to developmental variables, that is, history of childhood abuse (CA) and trajectories of externalizing behaviours (EB), and (3) test whether this link between developmental variables and profiles was moderated by sex. METHODS In total, 402 patients were randomly selected from the Signature Biobank, a database of measures collected from patients admitted to the emergency of a psychiatric hospital. A comparison group of 92 healthy participants was also recruited from the community. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, alcohol and drug abuse, impulsivity, and psychosis as well as CA and EB were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Symptom profiles were identified using cluster analysis. Prediction of profile membership by sex, CA, and EB was tested using structural equation modelling. RESULTS Among patients, four profiles were identified: (1) low level of symptoms on all outcomes, (2) high psychotic symptoms, (3) high anxio-depressive symptoms, and (4) elevated substance abuse and high levels of symptoms on all scales. An indirect effect of CA was found through EB trajectories: patients who experienced the most severe form of CA were more likely to develop chronic EB from childhood to adulthood, which in turn predicted membership to the most severe psychopathology profile. This indirect effect was not moderated by sex. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a transdiagnostic approach allows to highlight distinct clinical portraits of patients admitted to PES. Importantly, developmental factors were predictive of specific profiles. Such transdiagnostic approach is a first step towards precision medicine, which could lead to develop targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Geoffrion
- School of Psychoeducation, 5622University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'26612Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kévin Nolet
- School of Psychoeducation, 5622University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'26612Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles-Édouard Giguère
- Centre de recherche de l'26612Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tania Lecomte
- Centre de recherche de l'26612Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, 5622University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de recherche de l'26612Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, 5622University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Centre de recherche de l'26612Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, 5622University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Centre de recherche de l'26612Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, 5622University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, 14845Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Marcil MJ, Cyr S, Marin MF, Rosa C, Tardif JC, Guay S, Guertin MC, Genest C, Forest J, Lavoie P, Labrosse M, Vadeboncoeur A, Selcer S, Ducharme S, Brouillette J. Hair cortisol change at COVID-19 pandemic onset predicts burnout among health personnel. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 138:105645. [PMID: 35134663 PMCID: PMC8697418 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has put chronic pressure on worldwide healthcare systems. While the literature regarding the prevalence of psychological distress and associated risk factors among healthcare workers facing COVID-19 has exploded, biological variables have been mostly overlooked. METHODS 467 healthcare workers from Quebec, Canada, answered an electronic survey covering various risk factors and mental health outcomes three months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of them, 372 (80%) provided a hair sample, providing a history of cortisol secretion for the three months preceding and following the pandemic's start. We used multivariable regression models and a receiver operating characteristic curve to study hair cortisol as a predictor of burnout and psychological health, together with individual, occupational, social, and organizational factors. RESULTS As expected, hair cortisol levels increased after the start of the pandemic, with a median relative change of 29% (IQR = 3-59%, p < 0.0001). There was a significant association between burnout status and change in cortisol, with participants in the second quarter of change having lower odds of burnout. No association was found between cortisol change and post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Adding cortisol to individual-occupational-socio-organizational factors noticeably enhanced our burnout logistic regression model's predictability. CONCLUSION Change in hair cortisol levels predicted burnout at three months in health personnel at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This non-invasive biological marker of the stress response could be used in further clinical or research initiatives to screen high-risk individuals to prevent and control burnout in health personnel facing an important stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Joëlle Marcil
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, H1T 1C8 Québec, Canada,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada
| | - Samuel Cyr
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, H1T 1C8 Québec, Canada,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada,Department of Psychology, UQAM, 100 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, H2X 3P2 Québec, Canada,Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montréal, H1N 3V2 Québec, Canada
| | - Camille Rosa
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, H1T 1C8 Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, H1T 1C8 Québec, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada,Centre d’étude sur le Trauma, Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montréal, H1N 3V2 Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Guertin
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, H1T 1C8 Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Genest
- Centre d’étude sur le Trauma, Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montréal, H1N 3V2 Québec, Canada,Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Marguerite-d'Youville Pavilion, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Forest
- Department of Organization and Human Resources, ESG UQAM, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3P8 Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Lavoie
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, H1T 1C8 Québec, Canada,Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Marguerite-d'Youville Pavilion, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Labrosse
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada,Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montréal, H3T 1C5 Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Vadeboncoeur
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, H1T 1C8 Québec, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada
| | - Shaun Selcer
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, H1T 1C8 Québec, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Verdun, H4H 1R3 Québec, Canada,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St, Montréal, H3A 2B4 Québec, Canada
| | - Judith Brouillette
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, H1T 1C8 Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montréal, H3C 3J7 Québec, Canada.
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19
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Cantave CY, Ouellet-Morin I, Giguère CÉ, Lupien SJ, Juster RP, Geoffrion S, Marin MF. The Association of Childhood Maltreatment, Sex, and Hair Cortisol Concentrations With Trajectories of Depressive and Anxious Symptoms Among Adult Psychiatric Inpatients. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:20-28. [PMID: 34596058 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and anxiety symptoms are commonly observed among clinical populations, especially among women and maltreated individuals. Few investigations have, however, assessed the existence of distinct symptoms trajectories among clinical populations and how these relate to childhood maltreatment, sex differences, and stress physiology indexed by hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs). The current study a) identified distinct depression and anxious trajectories in a sample of psychiatric inpatients followed up prospectively from their admission to a psychiatric emergency service, and b) examined whether HCC, childhood maltreatment, and sex independently and jointly predict these trajectories. METHODS Adult inpatients (n = 402; 55% women) were recruited upon admission to psychiatric emergency service (T1) during which HCC (reflecting cortisol secretion for the last 3 months), childhood maltreatment, and depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed. Symptoms were reevaluated when patients were discharged from the hospital (T2), admitted to outpatient clinics (T3), and 12 months later or at the end of outpatient treatment (T4). RESULTS Three trajectories were identified for depression and anxiety symptoms. Among men, higher HCC predicted higher odds of evincing chronic depressive symptoms compared with a low stable trajectory (odds ratio [OR] = 3.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43-8.40). Greater childhood maltreatment among men predicted higher chances of exhibiting chronic anxious symptoms than the low stable (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.07-2.02) and the high decreasing trajectories (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.51-0.95). Opposite findings were noted for women. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment and HCC should be further investigated as predictors of anxious and depressive trajectories, during which sex-specific associations ought to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Y Cantave
- From the School of Criminology (Cantave, Ouellet-Morin), University of Montreal; Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute (Ouellet-Morin, Giguère, Lupien, Juster, Geoffrion, Marin); Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine (Lupien, Juster, Marin) and School of Psychoeducation (Geoffrion), University of Montreal; and Department of Psychology (Marin), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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20
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Raymond C, Provencher J, Bilodeau-Houle A, Leclerc J, Marin MF. A longitudinal investigation of psychological distress in children during COVID-19: the role of socio-emotional vulnerability. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2021048. [PMID: 35087645 PMCID: PMC8788367 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2021048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of distress in youth, some children show increased resilience, emphasizing the need to better understand the predictors of distress in youth. OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study aimed to assess the combined impact of known socio-emotional predictors of stress-related psychopathology, namely anxiety sensitivity, anxiety trait, intolerance to uncertainty, and rumination, on COVID-related distress in healthy youth. METHOD A total of 92 parent-child dyads that previously participated in a laboratory-based experiment assessing observational fear learning in families between 2017 and 2019 (T0) were recontacted. Of them, 84 children aged between 9 and 14 agreed to participate. They completed online questionnaires in June 2020 (T1), September 2020 (T2), December 2020 (T3), and March 2021 (T4). Participants were free of mental illness at T0 and T1. To create a socio-emotional composite score (SECS), we measured anxiety sensitivity (Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index) at T0, trait anxiety (Trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C)), intolerance to uncertainty (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children), and trait rumination (Children's Response Style Scale) at T1 and created a weighted z-score. To assess symptoms of anxiety, post-traumatic stress (PTS), and depression in reaction to COVID-19, participants completed the State subscale of the STAI-C, the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory at T1-T4. Three general linear models were run with sex, age group (9-11 and 12+ years old), and SECS as predictors. RESULTS Analyses revealed a SECS*Time interaction, with higher SECS predicting elevated anxiety symptoms at T1 and T4, and elevated PTS symptoms at T1 and T2. CONCLUSION These results suggest that healthy youth endorsing high levels of socio-emotional vulnerability to psychopathology have a higher risk of suffering from anxiety and PTS, but not depressive symptoms, in the year following a major stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessie Provencher
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexe Bilodeau-Houle
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Leclerc
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Besnier F, Dupuy EG, Gagnon C, Vincent T, Grégoire CA, Blanchette CA, Saillant K, Bouabdallaoui N, Grau JI, Bérubé B, Olmand M, Marin MF, Belleville S, Juneau M, Vitali P, Gayda M, Nigam A, Bherer L. Investigation of the Effects of Home-Based Exercise and Cognitive Training on Cognitive and Physical Functions in Cardiac Patients: The COVEPICARDIO Study Protocol of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:740834. [PMID: 34938780 PMCID: PMC8685268 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.740834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, confinement measures are likely to produce collateral damage to health (stress, confusion, anxiety), especially in frail individuals and those living with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In cardiac patients in particular, these measures dramatically increase the level of physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle, which can decrease cardiorespiratory capacity and increase the risk of acute events, rehospitalization, and depressive syndromes. Maintaining a minimum level of physical activity and cognitive stimulation during the COVID-19 crisis is essential for cardiac patients. This study is designed to document the effects of 6 months of home-based physical exercise alone or combined with cognitive training on cognitive and physical functions in patients with CVD over 50 years old. Methods and Analysis: 122 patients (>50 years old) with stable CVD and no contraindication to perform physical exercise training will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of the 2 following arms: (1) Home-based physical exercise alone, (2) Home-based physical exercise combined with cognitive training. The intervention lasts 6 months, with remote assessments performed prior to, mid and post-training. A follow-up 6 months after the end of the intervention (12 month) is also proposed. The primary outcome is cognition, including general functioning (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score), as well as performances on measures of executive functions, processing speed, and episodic memory. The secondary outcome is physical performance, including balance, gait and mobility, leg muscle strength and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness. Tertiary outcomes include mood, anxiety, and health-related quality of life as assessed by self-reported online questionnaires. Discussion: With the COVID-19 crisis, there is a critical need for remote exercise and cognitive training, and to further investigate this topic, in particular for cardiac patients. The present context can be viewed as an opportunity to perform a major shift from center-based programs to home-based physical exercise. This is especially important to reach out to older adults living in remote areas, where access to such interventions is limited. ClinicalTrials.gov: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04661189], NCT04661189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Besnier
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Emma Gabrielle Dupuy
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Gagnon
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Caroll-Ann Blanchette
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathia Saillant
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Bouabdallaoui
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Josep Iglésies Grau
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Béatrice Bérubé
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Miloudza Olmand
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Juneau
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Paolo Vitali
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies on Aging, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Gayda
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anil Nigam
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Research Center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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22
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Wen Z, Hammoud MZ, Scott JC, Jimmy J, Brown L, Marin MF, Asnaani A, Gur RC, Foa EB, Milad MR. Impact of exogenous estradiol on task-based and resting-state neural signature during and after fear extinction in healthy women. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2278-2287. [PMID: 34493827 PMCID: PMC8581031 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations of endogenous estrogen modulates fear extinction, but the influence of exogenous estradiol is less studied. Moreover, little focus has been placed on the impact of estradiol on broad network connectivity beyond the fear extinction circuit. Here, we examined the effect of acute exogenous estradiol administration on fear extinction-induced brain activation, whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) during the fear extinction task and post-extinction resting-state. Ninety healthy women (57 using oral contraceptives [OC], 33 naturally cycling [NC]) were fear conditioned on day 1. They ingested an estradiol or placebo pill prior to extinction learning on day 2 (double-blind design). Extinction memory was assessed on day 3. Task-based functional MRI data were ascertained on days 2 and 3 and resting-state data were collected post-extinction on day 2 and pre-recall on day 3. Estradiol administration significantly modulated the neural signature associated with fear extinction learning and memory, consistent with prior studies. Importantly, estradiol administration induced significant changes in FC within multiple networks, including the default mode and somatomotor networks during extinction learning, post-extinction, and during extinction memory recall. Exploratory analyses revealed that estradiol impacted ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation and FC differently in the NC and OC women. The data implicate a more diffused and significant effect of acute estradiol administration on multiple networks. Such an effect might be beneficial to modulating attention and conscious processes in addition to engaging neural processes associated with emotional learning and memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mira Z Hammoud
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jagan Jimmy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lily Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Departement of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anu Asnaani
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edna B Foa
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
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Longpré C, Sauvageau C, Cernik R, Journault AA, Marin MF, Lupien S. Staying informed without a cost: No effect of positive news media on stress reactivity, memory and affect in young adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259094. [PMID: 34710138 PMCID: PMC8553098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We read, see and hear news from various media sources every day. A large majority of the news is negative. A previous study from our laboratory showed that reading negative news is associated with both increased stress reactivity (measured via the stress hormone cortisol) and recall of the negative news segments in women. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the effects of positive news on cortisol stress reactivity, memory and affect using a methodology highly similar to the study on negative news that was previously used by our team. METHODS Sixty-two healthy participants aged between 18 and 35 years (81% women) were randomly exposed to either positive or neutral news segments, followed by a laboratory stressor. We assessed participants' affect three times during the procedure and measured cortisol in saliva eight times (at 10-minute intervals). Twenty-four hours later, participants were contacted by phone to assess their recall of the news segments. RESULTS Results showed that exposure to positive news, relative to neutral news, did not modulate participants' cortisol levels in response to the laboratory stressor. Positive news had no impact on memory recall of the news and did not change participants' positive or negative affect. Bayes factors suggested that these nonsignificant results are not attributable to low statistical power. CONCLUSION Contrary to negative news, positive and neutral news do not modulate stress reactivity, memory and affect. These results suggest that people can stay informed without physiological and psychological costs when the news to which they are exposed adopt a positive or neutral approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Longpré
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia Sauvageau
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey-Ann Journault
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Dupuy EG, Besnier F, Gagnon C, Vincent T, Grégoire CA, Blanchette CA, Saillant K, Bouabdallaoui N, Iglesies-Grau J, Payer M, Marin MF, Belleville S, Juneau M, Vitali P, Gayda M, Nigam A, Bherer L. COVEPIC (Cognitive and spOrt Virtual EPIC training) investigating the effects of home-based physical exercise and cognitive training on cognitive and physical functions in community-dwelling older adults: study protocol of a randomized single-blinded clinical trial. Trials 2021; 22:505. [PMID: 34325710 PMCID: PMC8319877 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown and social distancing measures are applied to prevent the spread of the virus. It is well known that confinement and social isolation can have a negative impact on physical and mental health, including cognition. Physical activity and cognitive training can help enhance older adults' cognitive and physical health and prevent the negative collateral impacts of social isolation and physical inactivity. The COVEPIC study aims to document the effects of 6 months of home-based physical exercise alone versus home-based physical exercise combined with cognitive training on cognitive and physical functions in adults 50 years and older. METHODS One hundred twenty-two healthy older adults (> 50 years old) will be recruited from the community and randomized to one of the two arms for 6 months: (1) home-based physical exercises monitoring alone and (2) combined physical exercises monitoring with home-based cognitive training. The primary outcome is cognition, including general functioning (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score), as well as executive functions, processing speed, and episodic memory (composite Z-scores based on validated neuropsychological tests and computerized tasks). The secondary outcome is physical functions, including balance (one-leg stance test), gait and mobility performance (Timed Up and Go, 4-meter walk test), leg muscle strength (5-time sit-to-stand), and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (Matthews' questionnaire). Exploratory outcomes include mood, anxiety, and health-related quality of life as assessed by self-reported questionnaires (i.e., Geriatric depression scale-30 items, Perceived stress scale, State-trait anxiety inventory-36 items, Perseverative thinking questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10, and 12-item Short Form Survey). DISCUSSION This trial will document the remote monitoring of home-based physical exercise alone and home-based physical combined with cognitive training to enhance cognitive and physical health of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Remote interventions represent a promising strategy to help maintain or enhance health and cognition in seniors, and potentially an opportunity to reach older adults in remote areas, where access to such interventions is limited. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial Identifier NCT04635462 . COVEPIC was retrospectively registered on November 19, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gabrielle Dupuy
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3 J7, Canada.
| | - Florent Besnier
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Christine Gagnon
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
| | - Catherine-Alexandra Grégoire
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
| | - Caroll-Ann Blanchette
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Kathia Saillant
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1N 3 M5, Canada
| | - Nadia Bouabdallaoui
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Josep Iglesies-Grau
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Marie Payer
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1 W5, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1 W5, Canada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1N 3 M5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Martin Juneau
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Paolo Vitali
- CIUSSS Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Gayda
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Anil Nigam
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Research center and Centre ÉPIC, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1 N6, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3 J7, Canada.
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H1N 3 M5, Canada.
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25
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van Rooij SJH, Ravi M, Ely TD, Michopoulos V, Winters SJ, Shin J, Marin MF, Milad MR, Rothbaum BO, Ressler KJ, Jovanovic T, Stevens JS. Hippocampal activation during contextual fear inhibition related to resilience in the early aftermath of trauma. Behav Brain Res 2021; 408:113282. [PMID: 33819532 PMCID: PMC8128041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired contextual fear inhibition is often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our previous work has demonstrated that more hippocampal activation during a response inhibition task after trauma exposure was related to greater resilience and fewer future PTSD symptoms. In the current study, we sought to extend our previous findings by employing a contextual fear conditioning and extinction paradigm to further determine the role of the hippocampus in resilience and PTSD in the early aftermath of trauma. METHODS Participants (N = 28) were recruited in the Emergency Department shortly after experiencing a traumatic event. A contextual fear inhibition task was conducted in a 3 T MRI scanner approximately two months post-trauma. Measures of resilience (CD-RISC) at time of scan and PTSD symptoms three months post-trauma were collected. The associations between hippocampal activation during fear conditioning and during the effect of context during extinction, and post-trauma resilience and PTSD symptoms at three-months were assessed. RESULTS During fear conditioning, activation of the bilateral hippocampal region of interest (ROI) correlated positively with resilience (r = 0.48, p = 0.01). During the effect of context during extinction, greater bilateral hippocampal activation correlated with lower PTSD symptoms three months post-trauma after controlling for baseline PTSD symptoms, age and gender (r=-0.59, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Greater hippocampal activation was related to post-trauma resilience and lower PTSD symptoms three months post-trauma. The current study supports and strengthens prior findings suggesting the importance of hippocampus-dependent context processing as a mechanism for resilience versus PTSD risk, which could be a potential mechanistic target for novel early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Meghna Ravi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy D Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sterling J Winters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jaemin Shin
- MR Applied Science Lab, GE Healthcare, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara O Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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26
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Raymond C, Marin MF, Wolosianski V, Journault AA, Longpré C, Lupien SJ. Adult Women First Exposed to Early Adversity After 8 Years Old Show Attentional Bias to Threat. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:628099. [PMID: 34017240 PMCID: PMC8128999 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.628099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early adversity (EA) is associated with long-lasting dysregulations in cognitive processes sustained by brain regions that are sensitive to stress hormones: the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex. The Life Cycle Model of Stress highlights the importance of considering the timing at which EA began, as these brain regions follow distinct developmental trajectories. We aimed to test this hypothesis by assessing whether adults exposed to EA exhibit different cognitive patterns as a function of the age at which they were first exposed to EA. Eighty-five healthy men and women aged 21-40 years old (y/o) exposed to EA, as assessed by the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire, were grouped based on the age of first exposure to EA: 0-2 y/o ("Infancy": hippocampal development), 3-7 y/o ("Early childhood": amygdala development) and after the age of 8 ("Childhood/Adolescence": frontoamygdala connectivity development). Declarative memory, attentional bias to threat and emotion regulation were measured. Results revealed increased attentional bias to threat in women first exposed to EA after 8 years. This result is in line with the Life Cycle Model of Stress and highlights the importance of considering the age at exposure to EA when investigating the effects of EA on cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Victoria Wolosianski
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey-Ann Journault
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charlotte Longpré
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia J Lupien
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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27
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Raymond C, Marin MF, Wolosianski V, Journault AA, Longpré C, Leclaire S, Cernik R, Juster RP, Lupien SJ. Early childhood adversity and HPA axis activity in adulthood:The importance of considering minimal age at exposure. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 124:105042. [PMID: 33249330 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Early adversity (EA) modulates stress hormone secretion in mixed directions. The Accumulation Model suggests that the number of EA predicts patterns of cortisol dysregulations, while the Life Cycle Model of Stress highlights the importance of considering the timing at which EA began, given that brain regions sensitive to stress hormones follow distinct developmental trajectories. We aimed to test these two models in 85 healthy men and women, aged 21-40 years old who reported having been exposed to EA during childhood. Participants were grouped based on the number of EA events to which they were exposed during their lifespan (Accumulation Model) and the age of first exposure to EA (Life Cycle Model). Diurnal and stress-induced reactive cortisol secretion were measured in all participants. Results showed that although the number of EA was not associated with patterns of basal or reactive cortisol secretion, adults first exposed to EA between the ages of 3 and 7 - an important time window for amygdala development - showed greater cortisol awakening response and lower cortisol reactivity relative to those first exposed to EA before 3 or after 7. These results provide support for the Life Cycle Model of Stress and highlight the importance of considering minimal age at exposure to EA when assessing the effects of early adversity on patterns of cortisol secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Victoria Wolosianski
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey-Ann Journault
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charlotte Longpré
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Leclaire
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia J Lupien
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, CIUSSS Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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28
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Wen Z, Marin MF, Blackford JU, Chen ZS, Milad MR. Fear-induced brain activations distinguish anxious and trauma-exposed brains. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:46. [PMID: 33441547 PMCID: PMC7806917 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational models of fear conditioning and extinction have elucidated a core neural network involved in the learning, consolidation, and expression of conditioned fear and its extinction. Anxious or trauma-exposed brains are characterized by dysregulated neural activations within regions of this fear network. In this study, we examined how the functional MRI activations of 10 brain regions commonly activated during fear conditioning and extinction might distinguish anxious or trauma-exposed brains from controls. To achieve this, activations during four phases of a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm in 304 participants with or without a psychiatric diagnosis were studied. By training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using task-specific brain activations, we reliably distinguished the anxious and trauma-exposed brains from controls. The performance of models decreased significantly when we trained our CNN using activations from task-irrelevant brain regions or from a brain network that is irrelevant to fear. Our results suggest that neuroimaging data analytics of task-induced brain activations within the fear network might provide novel prospects for development of brain-based psychiatric diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal & Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Services, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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29
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Cyr S, Marcil MJ, Marin MF, Tardif JC, Guay S, Guertin MC, Rosa C, Genest C, Forest J, Lavoie P, Labrosse M, Vadeboncoeur A, Selcer S, Ducharme S, Brouillette J. Factors Associated With Burnout, Post-traumatic Stress and Anxio-Depressive Symptoms in Healthcare Workers 3 Months Into the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:668278. [PMID: 34305675 PMCID: PMC8295587 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.668278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined how best to identify modifiable protective and risk factors for burnout in healthcare workers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual, occupational, organizational and social factors were investigated. The study also assessed the impact of these factors on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. Methods: Healthcare workers in the Quebec (Canada) healthcare system were recruited between May 21 to June 5, 2020. Participants answered an electronic survey 3 months after the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak began in Canada. Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, we studied the prevalence of burnout, PTSD, anxiety and depression in this cohort. Multivariable logistic or linear regression models including resilience, social and organizational support, workload and access to mental health help, simulation techniques and protective personal equipment (PPE) as well as perception of PPE security were conducted for each outcome. Results: In mid-June 2020, 467 participants completed the survey. We found that half (51.8%) of the respondents experienced burnout characterized by emotional exhaustion and/or depersonalization at least once a week. In total, 158 healthcare workers (35.6%) displayed severe symptoms of at least one of the mental health disorders (24.3% PTSD, 23.3% anxiety, 10.6% depression). Resilience (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: [0.55-0.87]; p = 0.002) and perceived organizational support (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: [0.61-0.93]; p = 0.009) were significantly associated with burnout and other outcomes. Social support satisfaction, perception of PPE security, work type and environment, mental health antecedents and reassignment were associated with PTSD and/or anxiety and/or depression, but not burnout. Conclusion: Future studies should address primarily resilience and perceived organizational support to promote mental health and prevent burnout, PTSD, anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cyr
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Joelle Marcil
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre D'étude sur le Trauma, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Camille Rosa
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Genest
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Forest
- Department of Organization and Human Resources, ESG UQAM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Lavoie
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Labrosse
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Vadeboncoeur
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shaun Selcer
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Judith Brouillette
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Bilodeau-Houle A, Bouchard V, Morand-Beaulieu S, Herringa RJ, Milad MR, Marin MF. Anxiety Sensitivity Moderates the Association Between Father-Child Relationship Security and Fear Transmission. Front Psychol 2020; 11:579514. [PMID: 33162918 PMCID: PMC7591469 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational fear learning can contribute to the development of fear-related psychopathologies, such as anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. Observational fear learning is especially relevant during childhood. Parent-child attachment and anxiety sensitivity modulate fear reactions and fear learning but their impact on observational fear learning has not been investigated. This study investigated how these factors contribute to observational fear learning in children. We examined this question among 55 healthy parent-child dyads. Children (8–12 years old) watched a video of their parent undergoing a direct fear conditioning protocol, where one stimulus (CS+Parent) was paired with a shock and one was not (CS−), and a video of a stranger for whom a different stimulus was reinforced (CS+Stranger). Subsequently, all stimuli were presented to children (without shocks) while skin conductance responses were recorded to evaluate fear levels. Our results showed that children more sensitive to anxiety and who had lower father-child relationship security levels exhibited higher skin conductance responses to the CS+Parent. Our data suggest that the father-child relationship security influences vicarious fear transmission in children who are more sensitive to anxiety. This highlights the importance of the father-child relationship security as a potential modulator of children’s vulnerability to fear-related psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexe Bilodeau-Houle
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Bouchard
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Morand-Beaulieu
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ryan J Herringa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Marin MF, Bilodeau-Houle A, Morand-Beaulieu S, Brouillard A, Herringa RJ, Milad MR. Vicarious conditioned fear acquisition and extinction in child-parent dyads. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17130. [PMID: 33051522 PMCID: PMC7555483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms involved in fear transmission within families have been scarcely investigated in humans. Here we studied (1) how children acquired conditioned fear from observing their parent, or a stranger, being exposed to a fear conditioning paradigm, and (2) the subsequent fear extinction process in these children. Eighty-three child-parent dyads were recruited. The parent was filmed while undergoing a conditioning procedure where one cue was paired with a shock (CS + Parent) and one was not (CS −). Children (8 to 12 years old) watched this video and a video of an adult stranger who underwent conditioning with a different cue reinforced (CS + Stranger). Children were then exposed to all cues (no shocks were delivered) while skin conductance responses (SCR) were recorded. Children exhibited higher SCR to the CS + Parent and CS + Stranger relative to the CS −. Physiological synchronization between the child’s SCR during observational learning and the parent’s SCR during the actual process of fear conditioning predicted higher SCR for the child to the CS + Parent. Our data suggest that children acquire fear vicariously and this can be measured physiologically. These data lay the foundation to examine observational fear learning mechanisms that might contribute to fear and anxiety disorders transmission in clinically affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke West Street, Montreal, QC, H2X 3P2, Canada. .,Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.
| | - Alexe Bilodeau-Houle
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke West Street, Montreal, QC, H2X 3P2, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Simon Morand-Beaulieu
- Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit Blvd, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Alexandra Brouillard
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke West Street, Montreal, QC, H2X 3P2, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ryan J Herringa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 530 1st Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Dumont L, Marin MF, Lupien SJ, Juster RP. Sex Differences in Work-Stress Memory Bias and Stress Hormones. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070432. [PMID: 32650392 PMCID: PMC7408118 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems related to chronic stress in workers appear to be sex-specific. Psychosocial factors related to work-life balance partly explain these sex differences. In addition, physiological markers of stress can provide critical information on the mechanisms explaining how chronic stress gets "under the skull" to increase vulnerability to mental health disorders in working men and women. Stress hormones access the brain and modulate attentional and memory process in favor of threatening information. In the present study, we tested whether male and female workers present a memory bias towards work-stress related information, and whether this bias is associated with concentrations of stress hormones in reactivity to a laboratory stressor (reactive levels) and samples taken in participants' workday (diurnal levels). In total, 201 participants (144 women) aged between 18 and 72 years underwent immediate and delayed recall tasks with a 24-word list, split as a function of valence (work-stress, positive, neutral). Participants were exposed to a psychosocial stressor in between recalls. Reactivity to stress was measured with saliva samples before and after the stressor. Diurnal cortisol was also measured with five saliva samples a day, during 2 workdays. Our exploratory results showed that men presented greater cortisol reactivity to stress than women, while women recalled more positive and neutral words than men. No sex difference was detected on the recall of work-stress words, before or after exposure to stress. These results do not support the hypothesis of a sex-specific cognitive bias as an explanatory factor for sex differences in stress-related mental health disorders in healthy male and female workers. However, it is possible that such a work-stress bias is present in individuals who have developed a mental-health disorder related to workplace stress or who have had one in the recent past. Consequently, future studies could use our stress memory bias task to assess this and other hypotheses in diverse working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Dumont
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (M.-F.M.); (S.J.L.); (R.-P.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (M.-F.M.); (S.J.L.); (R.-P.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sonia J. Lupien
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (M.-F.M.); (S.J.L.); (R.-P.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (M.-F.M.); (S.J.L.); (R.-P.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
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Arcand M, Juster RP, Lupien SJ, Marin MF. Gender roles in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression among students and workers. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 2020; 33:661-674. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1774560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Arcand
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sonia J. Lupien
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Marin MF, Hammoud MZ, Klumpp H, Simon NM, Milad MR. Multimodal Categorical and Dimensional Approaches to Understanding Threat Conditioning and Its Extinction in Individuals With Anxiety Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:618-627. [PMID: 32022832 PMCID: PMC7042941 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Research Domain Criteria project of the National Institute of Mental Health aims to guide neuropsychiatry toward precision medicine. Its inception was partly in response to the overlap of clinical manifestations between different DSM-IV diagnoses within a category. For example, anxiety disorders comprise a DSM-IV category that includes diagnoses that differ from each other but are all characterized by dysregulated fear levels. Whether DSM-IV-based and Research Domain Criteria-based analytic approaches provide distinct or similar information with regard to the fear circuitry of individuals with anxiety disorders has not been directly tested. OBJECTIVE To use a threat conditioning and extinction protocol to conduct categorical (DSM-IV-based) and dimensional (Research Domain Criteria-based) assessments of psychophysiological, neural, and psychometric responses in individuals with and without anxiety disorders. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston between March 2013 and May 2015. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess psychophysiological, neural, and psychometric responses among adults aged 18 to 65 years with specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder as well as a control group of adults without anxiety disorders. Data were analyzed between May 2018 and April 2019. EXPOSURES A 2-day threat conditioning and extinction protocol. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Skin conductance responses and blood oxygenated level-dependent responses were measured during the threat and extinction protocol. The categorical analysis was performed by grouping participants based on their primary DSM-IV diagnosis. The dimensional analysis was performed by regrouping participants, irrespective of their diagnoses, based on their skin conductance responses to shock delivery during threat conditioning. RESULTS This cross-sectional study of 114 adults aged 18 to 65 years included 93 participants (34 men and 59 women; mean [SD] age, 29.7 [11.1] years) with at least 1 anxiety disorder (specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, or panic disorder) and 21 participants (11 men and 10 women) without an anxiety disorder. The categorical DSM-IV-based approach indicated that all anxiety disorder groups exhibited hypoactivation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during extinction recall (ηp2 = 0.15; P = .004). The Research Domain Criteria-based approach revealed that higher arousal to the unconditioned stimulus was associated with higher threat responses during extinction recall (for skin conductance responses, ηp2 = 0.21; P = .01 and in functional magnetic resonance imaging results, ηp2 = 0.12; P = .02). The direct comparison of DSM-IV-based vs Research Domain Criteria-based results did not yield significant findings (ηp2 values ranged from 0.02 to 0.078; P values ranged from .09 to .98), suggesting no overlap between the approaches. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The data obtained from both approaches indicated complementary yet distinct findings. The findings highlight the validity and importance of using both categorical and dimensional approaches to optimize understanding of the etiology and treatment of anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | | | - Mohammed R. Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
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Peyrot C, Brouillard A, Morand-Beaulieu S, Marin MF. A review on how stress modulates fear conditioning: Let's not forget the role of sex and sex hormones. Behav Res Ther 2020; 129:103615. [PMID: 32334278 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress and fear are two fields of research that have evolved simultaneously. It was not until the eighties that these domains converged in order to better characterize the impact of stress on fear memory formation. Here, we reviewed the effects of stress occurring before fear acquisition on the main phases of fear conditioning protocols (acquisition training, extinction training, extinction retention test), with a specific focus on sex and sex hormones. We also paid close attention to methodological aspects in order to better understand and characterize discrepant findings across studies. In men, stress appears to potentiate fear acquisition at a physiological level but induces lower activations of fear-related brain regions. In women, results are inconsistent. Although some studies have shown that stress lowers physiological fear responses and heightens brain activations in women during fear acquisition, many studies report no significant effects. Irrespective of sex, pre-acquisition stress seems to induce fear extinction learning resistance. Overall, few studies have taken into account sex hormones, despite their impact on both the fear and stress brain networks. As methodological variability makes it complex to draw strong conclusions, several methodological aspects are discussed with the aim of orienting future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Peyrot
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H1N 3J4; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
| | - Alexandra Brouillard
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H1N 3J4; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 2P3.
| | - Simon Morand-Beaulieu
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H1N 3J4; Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, 2960 de la Tour Rd, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1J4; Currently with the Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H1N 3J4; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1J4; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 2P3.
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Bourdon O, Raymond C, Marin MF, Olivera-Figueroa L, Lupien SJ, Juster RP. A time to be chronically stressed? Maladaptive time perspectives are associated with allostatic load. Biol Psychol 2020; 152:107871. [PMID: 32070718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Living in the past, the present, or the future can affect stress and health. Our group has shown that acute stress (cortisol reactivity) is modulated by time perspectives, the ways we psychologically relate to time. Here, we expand this research with a comprehensive measure of multi-systemic chronic stress (allostatic load). Among 204 healthy adults (60 men; 144 women), we examined whether time perspectives modulate allostatic load measured with 23 neuroendocrine, immune, metabolic, and cardiovascular biomarkers. Five time perspective categories were measured (past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic, future). Multiple regressions controlling for sex, age, and depressive symptoms were used. Increased present fatalistic time perspective was positively correlated with allostatic load, while future time perspective was negatively correlated with allostatic load. Our preliminary findings link time perspective to multisystemic chronic stress and are discussed in the context of potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bourdon
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience, Canada
| | - Catherine Raymond
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience, Canada; Center for Studies on Human Stress, Canada; Department of Neurological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Montréal, Canada
| | - Lening Olivera-Figueroa
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, United States; California Lutheran University, Graduate School of Psychology, United States
| | - Sonia J Lupien
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada; Center for Studies on Human Stress, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Canada.
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Pace-Schott EF, Amole MC, Aue T, Balconi M, Bylsma LM, Critchley H, Demaree HA, Friedman BH, Gooding AEK, Gosseries O, Jovanovic T, Kirby LA, Kozlowska K, Laureys S, Lowe L, Magee K, Marin MF, Merner AR, Robinson JL, Smith RC, Spangler DP, Van Overveld M, VanElzakker MB. Physiological feelings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:267-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cantave CY, Langevin S, Marin MF, Brendgen M, Lupien S, Ouellet-Morin I. Impact of maltreatment on depressive symptoms in young male adults: The mediating and moderating role of cortisol stress response and coping strategies. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 103:41-48. [PMID: 30640036 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence suggests that maltreated children suffer from depression at an early age and experience recurrent episodes of depression that persist over longer periods of time. However, the stress-related mechanisms hypothesized to be implicated in these associations remain to be specified. The present study tested the mediating and moderating roles of acute cortisol response to stress and coping strategies in the association between child maltreatment and depressive symptoms in early adulthood. METHODS Data from 156 men aged 18 to 35 years (n = 56 maltreated) were collected using self-reported questionnaires assessing child maltreatment, depressive symptomatology and coping strategies. Cortisol was measured in response to the "Trier Social Stress Test" (TSST). RESULTS Although acute cortisol response to stress did not mediate the maltreatment-depressive symptoms association, a moderation effect was found. Child maltreatment was associated with higher risk of depressive symptoms among participants with a higher cortisol response to stress, but not for those with moderate-to-lower cortisol responses. Additionally, maltreated participants reported more depressive symptoms, an association that was partly explained by their higher use of emotion-oriented coping (mediation). Finally, maltreated individuals who reported using less task-oriented coping had greater depressive symptomatology than those who adopted this coping strategy more frequently (moderation). CONCLUSION These findings extend prior work examining the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the etiology of depression. The results draw attention to coping strategies, in addition to acute cortisol response to stress, as potential targets for mitigating the onset of depressive symptoms in adults maltreated as children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie-France Marin
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada.
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Ouellet-Morin
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.
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Raymond C, Marin MF, Juster RP, Lupien SJ. Should we suppress or reappraise our stress?: the moderating role of reappraisal on cortisol reactivity and recovery in healthy adults. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 2019; 32:286-297. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1596676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sonia J. Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Raymond C, Marin MF, Juster RP, Leclaire S, Bourdon O, Cayer-Falardeau S, Lupien SJ. Increased frequency of mind wandering in healthy women using oral contraceptives. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:121-127. [PMID: 30453124 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oral contraceptive (OC) is the most common type of contraceptive method used in industrialized countries. A recent epidemiological study showed that OC use was associated with the onset of depression in young women. Mind wandering, a cognitive process associated with spontaneous thoughts unrelated to the task at-hand, has previously been associated with depressive thinking. Consequently, mind wandering might be a precursor for cognitive vulnerability in individuals who are at-risk for mood disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and nature of mind wandering in women using OC in comparison to two control groups: naturally cycling women and men. We recruited 71 participants (28 women currently using OC, 14 naturally cycling women in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle and 29 men) aged between 18 and 35 years, and measured the frequency and nature (guilt/fear oriented and positive) of mind wandering using the short version of the Imaginal Process Inventory. In all analyses, we controlled for depressive symptoms to delineate the unique association between OC use and mind wandering. We also measured estradiol, progesterone and testosterone to confirm expected group differences in sex hormones concentrations. Results show that women using OC presented increased frequency of mind wandering when compared to naturally cycling women and men who did not differ between each other. The three groups did not differ in terms of the nature of mind wandering. These results show that OC use is associated with increased frequency of mind wandering and suggest that the association between OC use and dysphoric mood described in previous studies may be partially explained by the impact of OC use on cognitive processes underlying mind wandering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal.
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal
| | - Sarah Leclaire
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal
| | - Olivier Bourdon
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophia Cayer-Falardeau
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia J Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal
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Raij T, Nummenmaa A, Marin MF, Porter D, Furtak S, Setsompop K, Milad MR. Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation Enhances Fear Extinction Memory in Humans. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:129-137. [PMID: 29246436 PMCID: PMC5936658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal fear conditioning studies have illuminated neuronal mechanisms of learned associations between sensory stimuli and fear responses. In rats, brief electrical stimulation of the infralimbic cortex has been shown to reduce conditioned freezing during recall of extinction memory. Here, we translated this finding to humans with magnetic resonance imaging-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). METHODS Subjects (N = 28) were aversively conditioned to two different cues (day 1). During extinction learning (day 2), TMS was paired with one of the conditioned cues but not the other. TMS parameters were similar to those used in rat infralimbic cortex: brief pulse trains (300 ms at 20 Hz) starting 100 ms after cue onset, total of four trains (28 TMS pulses). TMS was applied to one of two targets in the left frontal cortex, one functionally connected (target 1) and the other unconnected (target 2, control) with a human homologue of infralimbic cortex in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Skin conductance responses were used as an index of conditioned fear. RESULTS During extinction recall (day 3), the cue paired with TMS to target 1 showed significantly reduced skin conductance responses, whereas TMS to target 2 had no effect. Further, we built group-level maps that weighted TMS-induced electric fields and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging connectivity estimates with fear level. These maps revealed distinct cortical regions and large-scale networks associated with reduced versus increased fear. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that spatiotemporally focused TMS may enhance extinction learning and/or consolidation of extinction memory and suggested novel cortical areas and large-scale networks for targeting in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Raij
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,MGH Department of Psychiatry, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Kawin Setsompop
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammed R. Milad
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,MGH Department of Psychiatry, MA, USA
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Raymond C, Marin MF, Majeur D, Lupien S. Early child adversity and psychopathology in adulthood: HPA axis and cognitive dysregulations as potential mechanisms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:152-160. [PMID: 28751271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Early adversity (EA) has been shown to be a potent risk factor for developing a psychopathology in adulthood. Alterations of the stress system in addition to changes in brain development have been suggested to explain some of the psychopathologies associated with EA. The stress response involves the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis, which leads to the production of glucocorticoids (GCs; cortisol in humans). Being soluble in lipids, GCs easily cross the blood brain barrier and access GC receptors in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala. These three brain structures do not develop at the same rhythm in humans and recent models suggest that exposition to EA at different times throughout cerebral development can induce a differential vulnerability to diverse mental illnesses. Although these models are of interest, they do not provide any mechanism(s) through which exposition to EA could lead to an increased vulnerability to certain mental illnesses and not others. Interestingly, the main brain structures that are affected by the chronic secretion of stress hormones during childhood (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala) are differentially involved in various cognitive functions (memory, emotion regulation, encoding of emotional memories, etc.). It is therefore proposed that exposure to EA, by affecting the development of specific brain structures, might alter the underlying cognitive process of these brain regions, and increase vulnerability to specific mental disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Canada; University of Montreal, Department of Neurosciences, Canada; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, Canada; University of Montreal, Department of Psychiatry, Canada
| | - Danie Majeur
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Canada; University of Montreal, Department of Neurosciences, Canada; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, Canada
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Canada; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, Canada; University of Montreal, Department of Psychiatry, Canada.
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Lupien SJ, Juster RP, Raymond C, Marin MF. The effects of chronic stress on the human brain: From neurotoxicity, to vulnerability, to opportunity. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 49:91-105. [PMID: 29421159 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
For the last five decades, science has managed to delineate the mechanisms by which stress hormones can impact on the human brain. Receptors for glucocorticoids are found in the hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex, three brain regions involved in memory processing and emotional regulation. Studies have shown that chronic exposure to stress is associated with reduced volume of the hippocampus and that chronic stress can modulate volumes of both the amygdala and frontal cortex, suggesting neurotoxic effects of stress hormones on the brain. Yet, other studies report that exposure to early adversity and/or familial/social stressors can increase vulnerability to stress in adulthood. Models have been recently developed to describe the roles that neurotoxic and vulnerability effects can have on the developing brain. These models suggest that developing early stress interventions could potentially counteract the effects of chronic stress on the brain and results going along with this hypothesis are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia J Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada.
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Catherine Raymond
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
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Kutlu MG, Marin MF, Tumolo JM, Kaur N, VanElzakker MB, Shin LM, Gould TJ. Nicotine exposure leads to deficits in differential cued fear conditioning in mice and humans: A potential role of the anterior cingulate cortex. Neurosci Lett 2018. [PMID: 29518543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stress and anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are characterized by disrupted safety learning. Tobacco smoking has been strongly implicated in stress and anxiety disorder symptomatology, both as a contributing factor and as a vulnerability factor. Rodent studies from our lab have recently shown that acute and chronic nicotine exposure disrupts safety learning. However, it is unknown if these effects of nicotine translate to humans. The present studies addressed this gap by administering a translational differential cued fear conditioning paradigm to both mice and humans. In mice, we found that chronic nicotine exposure reduced discrimination between a conditioned stimulus (CS) that signals for danger (CS+) and another CS that signals for safety (CS-) during both acquisition and testing. We then employed a similar differential cued fear conditioning paradigm in human smokers and non-smokers undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Smokers showed reduced CS+/CS- discrimination during fear conditioning compared to non-smokers. Furthermore, using fMRI, we found that subgenual and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activations were lower in smokers than in non-smokers during differential cued fear conditioning. These results suggest a potential biological mechanism underlying a dysregulated ability to discriminate between danger and safety cues. Our results indicate a clear parallel between the effects of nicotine exposure on safety learning in mice and humans and therefore suggest that smoking might represent a risk factor for inability to process information related to danger and safety related cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Gunes Kutlu
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica M Tumolo
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Michael B VanElzakker
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa M Shin
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Alexandra Kredlow M, Pineles SL, Inslicht SS, Marin MF, Milad MR, Otto MW, Orr SP. Assessment of skin conductance in African American and Non-African American participants in studies of conditioned fear. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1741-1754. [PMID: 28675471 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin conductance (SC) is a psychophysiological measure of sympathetic nervous system activity that is commonly used in research to assess conditioned fear responses. A portion of individuals evidence very low or unmeasurable SC levels (SCL) and/or response (SCR) during fear conditioning, which precludes the use of their SC data. The reason that some individuals do not produce measurable SCL and/or SCR is not clear; some early research suggested that race may be an influencing factor. In the current article, archival data from five fear conditioning samples collected from four different laboratories were examined to explore SCL and SCR magnitude in African American (AA) and non-African American (non-AA) participants. Across studies, the aggregate group difference for exclusion due to unmeasurable SCL or no measurable SCR to an unconditioned stimulus reflected a significant medium effect size (d = 0.54). Furthermore, 24.3% (range: 0-48.3%) of AA participants met SC exclusion criteria versus 14.3% (range: 4.3-24.2%) of non-AA participants. AA participants also displayed significantly lower SCL during habituation (d = 0.58). The low SC levels and responses in AA individuals and the consequent exclusion of their contributions to fear conditioning study results impacts the generalizability of findings across races. Given higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic anxiety in AA individuals, it is important that AA individuals not be excluded from fear conditioning research, which informs the treatment of anxiety and PTSD. Examination of the basis of very low SCL and/or SCR is a potentially informative direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne L Pineles
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sabra S Inslicht
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael W Otto
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott P Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Marin MF, Zsido RG, Song H, Lasko NB, Killgore WDS, Rauch SL, Simon NM, Milad MR. Skin Conductance Responses and Neural Activations During Fear Conditioning and Extinction Recall Across Anxiety Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:622-631. [PMID: 28403387 PMCID: PMC5539837 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The fear conditioning and extinction neurocircuitry has been extensively studied in healthy and clinical populations, with a particular focus on posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite significant overlap of symptoms between posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorders, the latter has received less attention. Given that dysregulated fear levels characterize anxiety disorders, examining the neural correlates of fear and extinction learning may shed light on the pathogenesis of underlying anxiety disorders. OBJECTIVES To investigate the psychophysiological and neural correlates of fear conditioning and extinction recall in anxiety disorders and to document how these features differ as a function of multiple diagnoses or anxiety severity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This investigation was a cross-sectional, case-control, functional magnetic resonance imaging study at an academic medical center. Participants were healthy controls and individuals with at least 1 of the following anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and panic disorder. The study dates were between March 2013 and May 2015. EXPOSURES Two-day fear conditioning and extinction paradigm. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Skin conductance responses, blood oxygenation level-dependent responses, trait anxiety scores from the State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form, and functional connectivity. RESULTS This study included 21 healthy controls (10 women) and 61 individuals with anxiety disorders (36 women). P values reported for the neuroimaging results are all familywise error corrected. Skin conductance responses during extinction recall did not differ between individuals with anxiety disorders and healthy controls (ηp2 = 0.001, P = .79), where ηp2 is partial eta squared. The anxiety group had lower activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) during extinction recall (ηp2 = 0.178, P = .02). A similar hypoactive pattern was found during early conditioning (ηp2 = 0.106, P = .009). The vmPFC hypoactivation was associated with anxiety symptom severity (r = -0.420, P = .01 for conditioning and r = -0.464, P = .004 for extinction recall) and the number of co-occuring anxiety disorders diagnosed (ηp2 = 0.137, P = .009 for conditioning and ηp2 = 0.227, P = .004 for extinction recall). Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed that the fear network connectivity differed between healthy controls and the anxiety group during fear learning (ηp2 range between 0.088 and 0.176 and P range between 0.02 and 0.003) and extinction recall (ηp2 range between 0.111 and 0.235 and P range between 0.02 and 0.002). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Despite no skin conductance response group differences during extinction recall, brain activation patterns between anxious and healthy individuals differed. These findings encourage future studies to examine the conditions longitudinally and in the context of treatment trials to improve and guide therapeutics via advanced neurobiological understanding of each disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,currently with the Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel G. Zsido
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Huijin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Natasha B. Lasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William D. S. Killgore
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts,currently with the Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Scott L. Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Naomi M. Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohammed R. Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Spencer AE, Marin MF, Milad MR, Spencer TJ, Bogucki OE, Pope AL, Plasencia N, Hughes B, Pace-Schott EF, Fitzgerald M, Uchida M, Biederman J. Abnormal fear circuitry in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A controlled magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 262:55-62. [PMID: 28235692 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether non-traumatized subjects with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have dysfunctional activation in brain structures mediating fear extinction, possibly explaining the statistical association between ADHD and other disorders characterized by aberrant fear processing such as PTSD. Medication naïve, non-traumatized young adult subjects with (N=27) and without (N=20) ADHD underwent a 2-day fear conditioning and extinction protocol in a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Skin conductance response (SCR) was recorded as a measure of conditioned response. Compared to healthy controls, ADHD subjects had significantly greater insular cortex activation during early extinction, lesser dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activation during late extinction, lesser ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation during late extinction learning and extinction recall, and greater hippocampal activation during extinction recall. Hippocampal and vmPFC deficits were similar to those documented in PTSD subjects compared to traumatized controls without PTSD. Non-traumatized, medication naive adults with ADHD had abnormalities in fear circuits during extinction learning and extinction recall, and some findings were consistent with those previously documented in subjects with PTSD compared to traumatized controls without PTSD. These findings could explain the significant association between ADHD and PTSD as well as impaired emotion regulation in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Spencer
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Spencer
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia E Bogucki
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda L Pope
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie Plasencia
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany Hughes
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward F Pace-Schott
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Maura Fitzgerald
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mai Uchida
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Biederman
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Helpman L, Marin MF, Papini S, Zhu X, Sullivan GM, Schneier F, Neria M, Shvil E, Malaga Aragon MJ, Markowitz JC, Lindquist MA, Wager T, Milad M, Neria Y. Neural changes in extinction recall following prolonged exposure treatment for PTSD: A longitudinal fMRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:715-723. [PMID: 27761402 PMCID: PMC5065048 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Neurobiological models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) implicate fear processing impairments in the maintenance of the disorder. Specific deficits in extinction recall, the retention of learned extinction, have been demonstrated. While deficient extinction recall, and the associated activation pattern of prefrontal and hippocampal regions, distinguishes individuals with PTSD from controls, research has not yet examined changes following treatment. We examined the behavioral and neural correlates of extinction recall before and after cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD. Methods Fifty-eight participants (30 with PTSD, 28 trauma-exposed matched controls) underwent a 2-day behavioral fear conditioning, extinction, and recall paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The same procedures were repeated 10 weeks later, after PTSD patients had completed prolonged exposure treatment. We analyzed fMRI data from 32 subjects (16 PTSD; 16 controls) and skin conductance response (SCR) data from 33 subjects (16 PTSD; 17 controls). Neural activity during extinction recall, SCR, and PTSD symptoms were compared across groups and over time. Results PTSD patients exhibited pre- to post-treatment reduction in rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) activation during extinction recall, and increase in functional coherence between the rACC and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). Reduced PTSD symptom severity from pre- to post-treatment was significantly associated with reduced subgenual ACC and parahippocampal activation during this task. SCR during the extinction recall phase did not significantly change with treatment in the PTSD group, but change in SCR was associated with reduction in PTSD symptom severity. Conclusions Prolonged exposure treatment appears to alter neural activation in PTSD patients during recall of fear extinction, and change in extinction recall (measured by SCR) is associated with symptom reduction. We discuss results in the context of neural systems involved in response to affective stimuli. Deficient recall of extinguished fear (extinction recall; ER) has been associated with PTSD. Prolonged exposure (PE) is a first line treatment for PTSD which relies on extinction. Changes in prefrontal activation and functional connectivity during ER appeared following PE. Changes in ER following PE corresponded to changes in PTSD severity. Taken together, these findings suggest normalization of ER deficits in PTSD following PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Helpman
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
| | - Santiago Papini
- The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Mental Health Research, 305 E. 23rd St., Stop E9000, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Xi Zhu
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Gregory M. Sullivan
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Franklin Schneier
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Mariana Neria
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Erel Shvil
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Maria Josefa Malaga Aragon
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - John C Markowitz
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Martin A Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, E3634, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Tor Wager
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, United States
| | - Mohammad Milad
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, E3634, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Yuval Neria
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States
- Corresponding author at: New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Unit #69, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, United States.New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of PsychiatryCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityUnit #691051 Riverside DriveNew YorkNY10032United States
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Faghih RT, Stokes PA, Marin MF, Zsido RG, Zorowitz S, Rosenbaum BL, Milad MR, Dougherty DD, Eskandar EN, Widge AS, Brown EN, Barbieri R. Characterization of fear conditioning and fear extinction by analysis of electrodermal activity. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2015:7814-8. [PMID: 26738104 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7320204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrodermal activity (EDA) is a measure of physical arousal, which is frequently measured during psychophysical tasks relevant for anxiety disorders. Recently, specific protocols and procedures have been devised in order to examine the neural mechanisms of fear conditioning and extinction. EDA reflects important responses associated with stimuli specifically administrated during these procedures. Although several previous studies have demonstrated the reproducibility of measures estimated from EDA, a mathematical framework associated with the stimulus-response experiments in question and, at the same time, including the underlying emotional state of the subject during fear conditioning and/or extinction experiments is not well studied. We here propose an ordinary differential equation model based on sudomotor nerve activity, and estimate the fear eliciting stimulus using a compressed sensing algorithm. Our results show that we are able to recover the underlying stimulus (visual cue or mild electrical shock). Moreover, relating the time-delay in the estimated stimulation to the visual cue during extinction period shows that fear level decreases as visual cues are presented without shock, suggesting that this feature might be used to estimate the fear state. These findings indicate that a mathematical model based on electrodermal responses might be critical in defining a low-dimensional representation of essential cognitive features in order to describe dynamic behavioral states.
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Marin MF, Song H, VanElzakker MB, Staples-Bradley LK, Linnman C, Pace-Schott EF, Lasko NB, Shin LM, Milad MR. Association of Resting Metabolism in the Fear Neural Network With Extinction Recall Activations and Clinical Measures in Trauma-Exposed Individuals. Am J Psychiatry 2016; 173:930-8. [PMID: 26917165 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure-based therapy, an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), relies on extinction learning principles. In PTSD patients, dysfunctional patterns in the neural circuitry underlying fear extinction have been observed using resting-state or functional activation measures. It remains undetermined whether resting activity predicts activations during extinction recall or PTSD symptom severity. Moreover, it remains unclear whether trauma exposure per se affects resting activity in this circuitry. The authors employed a multimodal approach to examine the relationships among resting metabolism, clinical symptoms, and activations during extinction recall. METHOD Three cohorts were recruited: PTSD patients (N=24), trauma-exposed individuals with no PTSD (TENP) (N=20), and trauma-unexposed healthy comparison subjects (N=21). Participants underwent a resting positron emission tomography scan 4 days before a functional MRI fear conditioning and extinction paradigm. RESULTS Amygdala resting metabolism negatively correlated with clinical functioning (as measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale) in the TENP group, and hippocampal resting metabolism negatively correlated with clinical functioning in the PTSD group. In the PTSD group, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) resting metabolism positively correlated with PTSD symptom severity, and it predicted increased dACC activations but decreased hippocampal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex activations during extinction recall. The TENP group had lower amygdala resting metabolism compared with the PTSD and healthy comparison groups, and it exhibited lower hippocampus resting metabolism relative to the healthy comparison group. CONCLUSIONS Resting metabolism in the fear circuitry correlated with functioning, PTSD symptoms, and extinction recall activations, further supporting the relevance of this network to the pathophysiology of PTSD. The study findings also highlight the fact that chronic dysfunction in the amygdala and hippocampus is demonstrable in PTSD and other trauma-exposed individuals, even without exposure to an evocative stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Marin
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Huijin Song
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Michael B VanElzakker
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Lindsay K Staples-Bradley
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Clas Linnman
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Edward F Pace-Schott
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Natasha B Lasko
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Lisa M Shin
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; the Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
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