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Porta-Casteràs D, Vicent-Gil M, Serra-Blasco M, Navarra-Ventura G, Solé B, Montejo L, Torrent C, Martinez-Aran A, De la Peña-Arteaga V, Palao D, Vieta E, Cardoner N, Cano M. Increased grey matter volumes in the temporal lobe and its relationship with cognitive functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110962. [PMID: 38365103 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by episodic mood dysregulation, although a significant portion of patients suffer persistent cognitive impairment during euthymia. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research suggests BD patients may have accelerated brain aging, observed as lower grey matter volumes. How these neurostructural alterations are related to the cognitive profile of BD is unclear. METHODS We aim to explore this relationship in euthymic BD patients with multimodal structural neuroimaging. A sample of 27 euthymic BD patients and 24 healthy controls (HC) underwent structural grey matter MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). BD patient's cognition was also assessed. FreeSurfer algorithms were used to obtain estimations of regional grey matter volumes. White matter pathways were reconstructed using TRACULA, and four diffusion metrics were extracted. ANCOVA models were performed to compare BD patients and HC values of regional grey matter volume and diffusion metrics. Global brain measures were also compared. Bivariate Pearson correlations were explored between significant brain results and five cognitive domains. RESULTS Euthymic BD patients showed higher ventricular volume (F(1, 46) = 6.04; p = 0.018) and regional grey matter volumes in the left fusiform (F(1, 46) = 15.03; pFDR = 0.015) and bilateral parahippocampal gyri compared to HC (L: F(1, 46) = 12.79, pFDR = 0.025/ R: F(1, 46) = 15.25, pFDR = 0.015). Higher grey matter volumes were correlated with greater executive function (r = 0.53, p = 0.008). LIMITATIONS We evaluated a modest sample size with concurrent pharmacological treatment. CONCLUSIONS Higher medial temporal volumes in euthymic BD patients may be a potential signature of brain resilience and cognitive adaptation to a putative illness neuroprogression. This knowledge should be integrated into further efforts to implement imaging into BD clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porta-Casteràs
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vicent-Gil
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Serra-Blasco
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Programa eHealth ICOnnecta't, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Navarra-Ventura
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma (Mallorca), Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Palma (Mallorca), Spain; CIBERES, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Solé
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Montejo
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Torrent
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Martinez-Aran
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V De la Peña-Arteaga
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Palao
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Cardoner
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Cano
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Faris P, Pischedda D, Palesi F, D’Angelo E. New clues for the role of cerebellum in schizophrenia and the associated cognitive impairment. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1386583. [PMID: 38799988 PMCID: PMC11116653 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1386583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder associated with severe cognitive dysfunction. Although research has mainly focused on forebrain abnormalities, emerging results support the involvement of the cerebellum in SZ physiopathology, particularly in Cognitive Impairment Associated with SZ (CIAS). Besides its role in motor learning and control, the cerebellum is implicated in cognition and emotion. Recent research suggests that structural and functional changes in the cerebellum are linked to deficits in various cognitive domains including attention, working memory, and decision-making. Moreover, cerebellar dysfunction is related to altered cerebellar circuit activities and connectivity with brain regions associated with cognitive processing. This review delves into the role of the cerebellum in CIAS. We initially consider the major forebrain alterations in CIAS, addressing impairments in neurotransmitter systems, synaptic plasticity, and connectivity. We then focus on recent findings showing that several mechanisms are also altered in the cerebellum and that cerebellar communication with the forebrain is impaired. This evidence implicates the cerebellum as a key component of circuits underpinning CIAS physiopathology. Further studies addressing cerebellar involvement in SZ and CIAS are warranted and might open new perspectives toward understanding the physiopathology and effective treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Faris
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Doris Pischedda
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fulvia Palesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Egidio D’Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Digital Neuroscience Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Lv Q, Wang X, Lin P, Wang X. Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging in the study of mental disorder: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 339:111785. [PMID: 38325165 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine and norepinephrine are implicated in the pathophysiology of mental disorders, but non-invasive study of their neuronal function remains challenging. Recent research suggests that neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) techniques may overcome this limitation by enabling the non-invasive imaging of the substantia nigra (SN)/ ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic and locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic systems. A review of 19 studies that met the criteria for NM-MRI application in mental disorders found that despite the use of heterogeneous sequence parameters and metrics, nearly all studies reported differences in contrast ratio (CNR) of LC or SN/VTA between patients with mental disorders and healthy controls. These findings suggest that NM-MRI is a valuable tool in psychiatry, but the differences in sequence parameters across studies hinder comparability, and a standardized analysis pipeline is needed to improve the reliability of results. Further research using standardized methods is needed to better understand the role of dopamine and norepinephrine in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Lv
- Department of Psychology and Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xuanyi Wang
- Department of Psychology and Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Pan Lin
- Department of Psychology and Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.; China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, PR China..
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Ye SY, Zhao Y, Liu ZB, Luo CP, Xiong JW, Zhan JQ, Li YH, Wei B, Chen CN, Yang YJ. Lower serum insulin-like growth factor 2 level in patients with bipolar disorder is associated with the severity of manic symptoms during manic episodes. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1354999. [PMID: 38563028 PMCID: PMC10982374 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1354999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating evidence has indicated that neurodevelopmental defects may underlie the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are a family of neurotrophic factors that are essential for the survival and development of neurons. The present study aims to investigate whether IGF-2 signaling is implicated in the pathophysiological processes of BD. Method 50 healthy controls and 78 patients with BD, including 23 patients who diagnosed acute depressive episode and 55 patients who diagnosed acute manic episode, were recruited in this study. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used to assess the severity of the depressive and manic symptoms, respectively. The serum IGF-2 level was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for between-group comparisons and spearman analysis was used to analyze correlations. Results Patients with BD had lower serum IGF-2 levels (66.08 ± 21.22 ng/ml) when compared to healthy controls (88.72 ± 31.55 ng/ml). BD patients were divided into manic episode and depressive episode subgroups. We found that serum IGF-2 levels were reduced in both the mania and depression subgroups (mania: 67.19 ± 21.52 ng/ml, depression: 63.43 ± 20.67 ng/ml; P < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed between two groups (P > 0.05). Spearman correlation analyses revealed that the levels of serum IGF-2 were negatively correlated with the YMRS scores in BD patients (r = -0.522, P < 0.001). Furthermore, IGF-2 was found to be an independent contributor to the severity of symptoms in patients with manic episodes (B = -0.610, t = -5.299, P < 0.001). Conclusion Lower serum IGF-2 levels were found in BD patients and correlated with the severity of the manic symptoms in these patients during manic episodes. These results suggest that reduced IGF-2 levels might be involved in the pathophysiology of BD, and serum IGF-2 could be a peripheral biomarker for the evaluation of the severity of manic symptoms in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yi Ye
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The 3 Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Third People’s Hospital of Ji′an City, Ji′an, China
| | - Cui-Pin Luo
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian-Wen Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin-Qiong Zhan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chun-Nuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Oh EY, Han KM, Kim A, Kang Y, Tae WS, Han MR, Ham BJ. Integration of whole-exome sequencing and structural neuroimaging analysis in major depressive disorder: a joint study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:141. [PMID: 38461185 PMCID: PMC10924915 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness worldwide and is triggered by an intricate interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Although there are several studies on common variants in MDD, studies on rare variants are relatively limited. In addition, few studies have examined the genetic contributions to neurostructural alterations in MDD using whole-exome sequencing (WES). We performed WES in 367 patients with MDD and 161 healthy controls (HCs) to detect germline and copy number variations in the Korean population. Gene-based rare variants were analyzed to investigate the association between the genes and individuals, followed by neuroimaging-genetic analysis to explore the neural mechanisms underlying the genetic impact in 234 patients with MDD and 135 HCs using diffusion tensor imaging data. We identified 40 MDD-related genes and observed 95 recurrent regions of copy number variations. We also discovered a novel gene, FRMPD3, carrying rare variants that influence MDD. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs771995197 in the MUC6 gene was significantly associated with the integrity of widespread white matter tracts. Moreover, we identified 918 rare exonic missense variants in genes associated with MDD susceptibility. We postulate that rare variants of FRMPD3 may contribute significantly to MDD, with a mild penetration effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Oh
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ryung Han
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jameei H, Rakesh D, Zalesky A, Cairns MJ, Reay WR, Wray NR, Di Biase MA. Linking Polygenic Risk of Schizophrenia to Variation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Measures: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:32-46. [PMID: 37354489 PMCID: PMC10754175 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia is highly heritable, with a polygenic effect of many genes conferring risk. Evidence on whether cumulative risk also predicts alterations in brain morphology and function is inconsistent. This systematic review examined evidence for schizophrenia polygenic risk score (sczPRS) associations with commonly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. We expected consistent evidence to emerge for significant sczPRS associations with variation in structure and function, specifically in frontal, temporal, and insula cortices that are commonly implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. STUDY DESIGN In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2013 and March 2022. Studies were screened against predetermined criteria and National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tools. STUDY RESULTS In total, 57 studies of T1-weighted structural, diffusion, and functional MRI were included (age range = 9-80 years, Nrange = 64-76 644). We observed moderate, albeit preliminary, evidence for higher sczPRS predicting global reductions in cortical thickness and widespread variation in functional connectivity, and to a lesser extent, region-specific reductions in frontal and temporal volume and thickness. Conversely, sczPRS does not predict whole-brain surface area or gray/white matter volume. Limited evidence emerged for sczPRS associations with diffusion tensor measures of white matter microstructure in a large community sample and smaller cohorts of children and young adults. These findings were broadly consistent across community and clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS Our review supports the hypothesis that schizophrenia is a disorder of disrupted within and between-region brain connectivity, and points to specific whole-brain and regional MRI metrics that may provide useful intermediate phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Jameei
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - William R Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria A Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lee H, Kim M, Kim SH, Lee J, Lee TY, Rhee SJ, Roh S, Baik M, Jung HY, Kim H, Han DH, Ha K, Ahn YM, Kwon JS. Proteomic profiling in the progression of psychosis: Analysis of clinical high-risk, first episode psychosis, and healthy controls. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:264-271. [PMID: 38052137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Recent evidence has highlighted the benefits of early detection and treatment for better clinical outcomes in patients with psychosis. Biological markers of the disease have become a focal point of research. This study aimed to identify protein markers detectable in the early stages of psychosis and indicators of progression by comparing them with those of healthy controls (HC) and first episode psychosis (FEP). STUDY DESIGN The participants comprised 28 patients in the clinical high-risk (CHR) group, 49 patients with FEP, and 61 HCs aged 15-35 years. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry to measure the expression of 158 peptide targets. Data were adjusted for age, sex, and use of psychotropic drugs. STUDY RESULTS A total of 18 peptides (17 proteins) differed significantly among the groups. The protein PRDX2 was higher in the FEP group than in the CHR and HC groups and showed increased expression according to disease progression. The levels of six proteins were significantly higher in the FEP group than in the CHR group. Nine proteins differed significantly in the CHR group compared to the other groups. Sixteen proteins were significantly correlated with symptom severity. These proteins are primarily related to the coagulation cascade, inflammatory response, brain structure, and synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that peripheral protein markers reflect disease progression in patients with psychosis. Further longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings and to identify the specific roles of these markers in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junhee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Jin Rhee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungwon Roh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myungjae Baik
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Yeon Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeyoon Kim
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Hyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine & Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyooseob Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Lions Gate Hospital - Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Suokas K, Kurkela O, Nevalainen J, Suvisaari J, Hakulinen C, Kampman O, Pirkola S. Geographical variation in treated psychotic and other mental disorders in Finland by region and urbanicity. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:37-49. [PMID: 37308692 PMCID: PMC10799825 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Finland, prevalence of schizophrenia is higher in the eastern and northern regions and co-occurs with the distribution of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores. Both genetic and environmental factors have been hypothesized to contribute to this variation. We aimed to examine the prevalence of psychotic and other mental disorders by region and degree of urbanicity, and the impacts of socio-economic adjustments on these associations. METHODS Nationwide population registers from 2011 to 2017 and healthcare registers from 1975 to 2017. We used 19 administrative and three aggregate regions based on the distribution of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores, and a seven-level urban-rural classification. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated by Poisson regression models and adjusted for gender, age, and calendar year (basic adjustments), and Finnish origin, residential history, urbanicity, household income, economic activity, and physical comorbidity (additional adjustments) on an individual level. Average marginal effects were used to visualize interaction effects between region and urbanicity. RESULTS A total of 5,898,180 individuals were observed. All mental disorders were slightly more prevalent (PR 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02-1.03]), and psychotic disorders (1.11 [1.10-1.12]) and schizophrenia (1.19 [1.17-1.21]) considerably more prevalent in eastern and northern than in western coastal regions. After the additional adjustments, however, the PRs were 0.95 (0.95-0.96), 1.00 (0.99-1.01), and 1.03 (1.02-1.04), respectively. Urban residence was associated with increased prevalence of psychotic disorders across all regions (adjusted PR 1.21 [1.20-1.22]). CONCLUSION After adjusting for socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors, the within-country distribution of mental disorders no longer followed the traditional east-west gradient. Urban-rural differences, on the other hand, persisted after the adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Suokas
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, Arvo Ylpön katu 34 (Arvo 1), 33014.
| | - Olli Kurkela
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, Arvo Ylpön katu 34 (Arvo 1), 33014
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Jaakko Nevalainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, Arvo Ylpön katu 34 (Arvo 1), 33014
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health and Social Care Systems, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Pirkanmaa Wellbeing Services County, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine (Psychiatry), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Wellbeing Services County of Ostrobothnia, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Sami Pirkola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, Arvo Ylpön katu 34 (Arvo 1), 33014
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Chapman CR. Ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic risk prediction for multifactorial disease: a narrative review identifying concerns about interpretation and use of polygenic scores. J Community Genet 2023; 14:441-452. [PMID: 36529843 PMCID: PMC10576696 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-022-00625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomics have enabled the development of polygenic scores (PGS), sometimes called polygenic risk scores, in the context of multifactorial diseases and disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and schizophrenia. PGS estimate an individual's genetic predisposition, as compared to other members of a population, for conditions which are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. There is significant interest in using genetic risk prediction afforded through PGS in public health, clinical care, and research settings, yet many acknowledge the need to thoughtfully consider and address ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI). To contribute to this effort, this paper reports on a narrative review of the literature, with the aim of identifying and categorizing ELSI relating to genetic risk prediction in the context of multifactorial disease, which have been raised by scholars in the field. Ninety-two articles, spanning from 1977 to 2021, met the inclusion criteria for this study. Identified ELSI included potential benefits, challenges and risks that focused on concerns about interpretation and use, and ethical obligations to maximize benefits, minimize risks, promote justice, and support autonomy. This research will support geneticists, clinicians, genetic counselors, patients, patient advocates, and policymakers in recognizing and addressing ethical concerns associated with PGS; it will also guide future empirical and normative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Riley Chapman
- Department of Population Health (Division of Medical Ethics), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, 435 E. 30th St, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Chung IH, Huang YS, Fang TH, Chen CH. Whole Genome Sequencing Revealed Inherited Rare Oligogenic Variants Contributing to Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder in Two Families. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11777. [PMID: 37511534 PMCID: PMC10380944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and affective disorder are two major complex mental disorders with high heritability. Evidence shows that rare variants with significant clinical impacts contribute to the genetic liability of these two disorders. Also, rare variants associated with schizophrenia and affective disorders are highly personalized; each patient may carry different variants. We used whole genome sequencing analysis to study the genetic basis of two families with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. We did not detect de novo, autosomal dominant, or recessive pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants associated with psychiatric disorders in these two families. Nevertheless, we identified multiple rare inherited variants with unknown significance in the probands. In family 1, with singleton schizophrenia, we detected four rare variants in genes implicated in schizophrenia, including p.Arg1627Trp of LAMA2, p.Pro1338Ser of CSMD1, p.Arg691Gly of TLR4, and Arg182X of AGTR2. The p.Arg691Gly of TLR4 was inherited from the father, while the other three were inherited from the mother. In family 2, with two affected sisters diagnosed with major depressive disorder, we detected three rare variants shared by the two sisters in three genes implicated in affective disorders, including p.Ala4551Gly of FAT1, p.Val231Leu of HOMER3, and p.Ile185Met of GPM6B. These three rare variants were assumed to be inherited from their parents. Prompted by these findings, we suggest that these rare inherited variants may interact with each other and lead to psychiatric conditions in these two families. Our observations support the conclusion that inherited rare variants may contribute to the heritability of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hang Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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R Kelsoe J. Polygenic Polarity in Bipolar Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:177-178. [PMID: 36855878 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
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12
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Schmitt A, Falkai P, Papiol S. Neurodevelopmental disturbances in schizophrenia: evidence from genetic and environmental factors. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:195-205. [PMID: 36370183 PMCID: PMC9660136 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Since more than 3 decades, schizophrenia (SZ) has been regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis proposes that SZ is associated with genetic and environmental risk factors, which influence connectivity in neuronal circuits during vulnerable developmental periods. We carried out a non-systematic review of genetic/environmental factors that increase SZ risk in light of its neurodevelopmental hypothesis. We also reviewed the potential impact of SZ-related environmental and genetic risk factors on grey and white matter pathology and brain function based on magnetic resonance imaging and post-mortem studies. Finally, we reviewed studies that have used patient-derived neuronal models to gain knowledge of the role of genetic and environmental factors in early developmental stages. Taken together, these studies indicate that a variety of environmental factors may interact with genetic risk factors during the pre- or postnatal period and/or during adolescence to induce symptoms of SZ in early adulthood. These risk factors induce disturbances of macro- and microconnectivity in brain regions involving the prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices and the hippocampus. On the molecular and cellular level, a disturbed synaptic plasticity, loss of oligodendrocytes and impaired myelination have been shown in brain regions of SZ patients. These cellular/histological phenotypes are related to environmental risk factors such as obstetric complications, maternal infections and childhood trauma and genetic risk factors identified in recent genome-wide association studies. SZ-related genetic risk may contribute to active processes interfering with synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Advances in stem cell technologies are providing promising mechanistic insights into how SZ risk factors impact the developing brain. Further research is needed to understand the timing of the different complex biological processes taking place as a result of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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