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Mizero D, Dusingize MI, Shimwa A, Uwimana A, Waka TY, Wong R. Assessing the experiences of teenage mothers in accessing healthcare in Rwanda. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2309. [PMID: 39187826 PMCID: PMC11345957 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Teen mothers are more susceptible to the negative consequences of pregnancy, due to system-wide and socio-cultural barriers to accessing needed services, posing higher pregnancy complications and health risks to the babies and mothers. Understanding their lived experience can inform context-specific health programs and interventions that address their needs and improve the health outcomes. Twenty-three women who had delivered her first child before the age of 18 years were interviewed using semi-structured interview guide. The transcripts were coded, categorized and summarized into four major themes: 1) Many pregnant teen girls were disadvantaged by the system from accessing the healthcare services, 2) Although being judged, many found the health care services positive and important, 3) Faced financial difficulty in accessing health services, despite most medical services are covered by community based health insurance, 4) Health care services focuses mostly on the medical health of pregnancy, the social and psychological needs were mostly not available. The study highlighted the gap in providing mental health services, financial support to the teen mothers as part of a comprehensive health services. Some of them consulted health services for the first time with and did not return for follow up if perceived the services was bad. More sensitive and targeted materials and ANC services can be offered to this unique group of clients. More acceptance training to the health care providers and the public is needed. For health facilities, there is a need to also check their psychological wellbeing when seeking ANC services. Online or mobile phone-based mental health interventions may provide some solutions to the issue. Government should re-evaluate the health insurance system to avoid unintentional exclusion of this group of population. Policy to facilitate men to take responsibilities on teen pregnancy issue is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Mizero
- School of Medicine, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | | | - Axel Shimwa
- School of Medicine, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Alima Uwimana
- School of Medicine, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Tsion Yohannes Waka
- Center for Gender Equity, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Rex Wong
- Institute of Global Health, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
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Tinago CB, Frongillo EA, Warren AM, Chitiyo V, Jackson TN, Cifarelli AK, Fyalkowski S, Pauline V. Testing the Effectiveness of a Community-Based Peer Support Intervention to Mitigate Social Isolation and Stigma of Adolescent Motherhood in Zimbabwe. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:657-666. [PMID: 37957412 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social isolation and stigma contribute to poor mental health outcomes. Adolescent mothers in Zimbabwe often experience isolation and stigma, lacking social support and resources to navigate motherhood. The study tested the effectiveness of a community-based peer support intervention to mitigate social isolation and stigma of adolescent motherhood in Harare, Zimbabwe. METHODS Community health workers (n = 12) and peer educators (n = 12) in the intervention arm were recruited and trained on co-facilitating peer support groups. Adolescent mothers aged 15-18 years from two low-income high-density communities in Harare were recruited, using a quasi-experimental design. The intervention arm (n = 104) participated in the peer support groups and both arms completed sociodemographic, base-, mid-, and end-line surveys (control arm n = 79). Peer support groups (12 groups with 6-12 participants in each) met in-person twice a month and completed 12 sessions from May to August 2019 addressing participant-identified topics such as income generation and depression. WhatsApp Messenger was used for training and implementation support. Key community stakeholders discussed project progress and recommendations to improve adolescent mothers' health. Data were analyzed using Stata 15. RESULTS The intervention arm reported lower depressive symptoms and common mental disorders and higher overall, family, friends, and significant-other support, compared to control. The intervention arm felt more engaged with peers, knew who and where to turn to for help, and had coping, parenting and communication strategies to manage life challenges. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE The intervention mitigated social isolation and stigma and thereby improved mental health and social support among adolescent mothers in Harare. Trial Registration This trial is registered at Clinical Trials.gov, NCT05213182 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05213182 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiwoneso B Tinago
- Department of Public Health Sciences, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, 155 University Avenue, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA.
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Andrea M Warren
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Vivian Chitiyo
- The Organization for Public Health Interventions and Development (OPHID), 20 Cork Road, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tiara N Jackson
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway, 8th Floor, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley K Cifarelli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, 155 University Avenue, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
| | - Shannon Fyalkowski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, 155 University Avenue, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
| | - Victoria Pauline
- Department of Public Health Sciences, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, 155 University Avenue, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
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Caira-Chuquineyra B, Fernandez-Guzman D, Meza-Gómez A, Luque-Mamani BM, Medina-Carpio SL, Mamani-García CS, Romani-Peña M, Díaz-Vélez C. Prevalence and factors associated with adolescent pregnancy among sexually active adolescent girls in Peru: Evidence from Demographic and Family Health Survey, 2015-2019. F1000Res 2023; 11:566. [PMID: 38524252 PMCID: PMC10958153 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108837.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy among sexually active adolescents, and identify the factors associated with this problem. Methods A population-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using pooled data from the Demographic and Family Health Surveys of Peru, 2015-2019. A total sample of 8850 adolescent girls aged 12 to 19 years who reported a history of sexual intercourse were included. To identify factors related to adolescent pregnancy, the study employed adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The aPR were obtained from a multivariable logistic regression model. Results The prevalence of adolescent pregnancy among sexually active adolescents in Peru was 30.9% (95%CI: 29.4-32.4%). In the multivariable analysis; being 17-19 years (aPR: 1.48; 95%CI:1.33-1.64), being married or cohabitant (aPR: 4.01; 95%CI: 3.48-4.61) and belonging to the Quechua ethnicity group (aPR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.07-1.25), were associated with a higher prevalence. Conversely, the following factors were associated with a lower prevalence of pregnancy: being employed (aPR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.76-0.86), being currently studying (aPR: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.38-0.49), belonging to the second (aPR: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.85-0.97), third (aPR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.74-0.89), fourth (aPR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.69-0.91) and fifth (aPR: 0.59; 95%CI: 0.47-0.75) wealth quintile, initiating sexual relations in middle adolescente (aPR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.69-0.83) or late adolescence (aPR: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.35-0.46), perceiving a future pregnancy as a problem (aPR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.72-0.83) and having knowledge of the moment in the cycle when pregnancy can occur (aPR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.77-0.92). Conclusions Approximately three out of ten adolescents who initiated a sexual life had at least one pregnancy. Age, marital status, employment, education, wealth, ethnicity, age at first intercourse, knowledge of when in the cycle she may become pregnant, and perception of future pregnancy were associated with adolescent pregnancy. To decrease the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Peru, it is imperative to enhance national policies concerning family planning and provide comprehensive sex education targeted at adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Caira-Chuquineyra
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Arequipa, Arequipa, 04001, Peru
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Guzman
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, 0800, Peru
| | - Adria Meza-Gómez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Arequipa, Arequipa, 04001, Peru
| | | | - Shawny Luz Medina-Carpio
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Arequipa, Arequipa, 04001, Peru
| | - Carlos S. Mamani-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Arequipa, Arequipa, 04001, Peru
| | - Marilia Romani-Peña
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Arequipa, Arequipa, 04001, Peru
| | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, 13007, Peru
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación, Lima, Lima, 15001, Peru
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Dwarakanath M, Hossain F, Balascio P, Moore MC, Hill AV, De Genna NM. Experiences of postpartum mental health sequelae among black and biracial women during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:636. [PMID: 37667206 PMCID: PMC10478375 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to qualitatively examine coping mechanisms and desired supports in pregnant and birthing Black and Biracial adolescent and young adult women during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Black and Biracial participants ages 16-23 were recruited for virtual individual semi-structured interviews. Participants (n = 25) were asked about pre- and post-natal experiences with the healthcare system, effects of the pandemic, and participants' experiences of or desires for ideal care within the healthcare system. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded for qualitative analysis using nVivo. Discussions around postpartum mental health evolved organically when asked about how participants were coping postpartum. RESULTS Nearly half the interviewees organically reported mental health symptoms consistent with postpartum depression (PPD) during questions regarding their postpartum experience. Of the 11 interviewees who reported mental health symptoms consistent with PPD, 2 were afraid to disclose their symptoms to a healthcare provider due to fear of child protective services involvement and their belief they would be treated unfairly because of their race. CONCLUSION Clinicians who care for Black and Biracial adolescent and young adult mothers must be particularly attuned to structural barriers for appropriate screening and treatment of postpartum depression. Expanding investigations of intersectional influences on young mothers' perinatal health and PPD are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megana Dwarakanath
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street Pittsburgh, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Fahmida Hossain
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street Pittsburgh, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Phoebe Balascio
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street Pittsburgh, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mikaela C Moore
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street Pittsburgh, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley V Hill
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street Pittsburgh, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natacha M De Genna
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street Pittsburgh, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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O'Flaherty M, Kalucza S, Bon J. Does Anyone Suffer From Teenage Motherhood? Mental Health Effects of Teen Motherhood in Great Britain Are Small and Homogeneous. Demography 2023; 60:707-729. [PMID: 37226980 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10788364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Teen mothers experience disadvantage across a wide range of outcomes. However, previous research is equivocal with respect to possible long-term mental health consequences of teen motherhood and has not adequately considered the possibility that effects on mental health may be heterogeneous. Drawing on data from the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study, this article applies a novel statistical machine-learning approach-Bayesian Additive Regression Trees-to estimate the effects of teen motherhood on mental health outcomes at ages 30, 34, and 42. We extend previous work by estimating not only sample-average effects but also individual-specific estimates. Our results show that sample-average mental health effects of teen motherhood are substantively small at all time points, apart from age 30 comparisons to women who first became mothers at age 25‒30. Moreover, we find that these effects are largely homogeneous for all women in the sample-indicating that there are no subgroups in the data who experience important detrimental mental health consequences. We conclude that there are likely no mental health benefits to policy and interventions that aim to prevent teen motherhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin O'Flaherty
- Institute for Social Science Research and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sara Kalucza
- Department of Sociology and Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joshua Bon
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Bergman ME, Gaskins VA, Allen T, Cheung HK, Hebl M, King EB, Sinclair RR, Siuta RL, Wolfe C, Zelin AI. The Dobbs Decision and the Future of Occupational Health in the US. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 7:1-37. [PMID: 36843836 PMCID: PMC9940085 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-023-00143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Access to abortion care has a profound impact on women's ability to participate in the workforce. In the US, restrictions on abortion care have waxed and waned over the years, including periods when abortion was broadly permitted across the nation for most pregnant people for a substantial proportion of pregnancy and times when restrictions varied across states, including states where abortion is banned for nearly all reasons. Additionally, access to abortion care has always been a reproductive justice issue, with some people more able to access this care than others even when it is structurally available. In June 2022, the US Supreme Court handed down the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, returning to states the ability to determine restrictions on abortion, including near-total bans on abortion. In this anthology, ten experts share their perspectives on what the Dobbs decision means for the future, how it will exacerbate existing, well-researched issues, and likely also create new challenges needing investigation. Some contributions are focused on research directions, some focus on implications for organizations, and most include both. All contributions share relevant occupational health literature and describe the effects of the Dobbs decision in context.
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7
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Dwarakanath M, Hossain F, Balascio P, Moore MC, Hill AV, De Genna NM. Barriers to Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression among Younger Black Mothers. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2500330. [PMID: 36824914 PMCID: PMC9949245 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2500330/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to qualitatively examine coping mechanisms and desired supports in pregnant and birthing Black and biracial adolescent and young adult women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Black and biracial participants ages 16-23 were recruited for virtual individual semi-structured interviews. Participants (n=25) were asked about pre- and post-natal experiences with the healthcare system, effects of the pandemic, and participants' experiences of or desires for ideal care within the healthcare system. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded for qualitative analysis using nVivo. Discussions around postpartum mental health evolved organically when asked about how participants were coping postpartum. Results: Nearly half the interviewees reported mental health symptoms consistent with postpartum depression (PPD). Of the 11 interviewees who reported mental health symptoms consistent with PPD, 2 were afraid to disclose their symptoms to a healthcare provider due to fear of child protective services involvement and their belief they would be treated unfairly because of their race. Conclusion: Clinicians who care for Black and biracial adolescent and young adult mothers must be particularly attuned to structural barriers for appropriate screening and treatment of postpartum depression. Expanding investigations of intersectional influences on young mothers' perinatal health and PPD are needed.
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Nicolas SCA, Welling LLM. A Preliminary Investigation Into Women’s Sexual Risk-taking That Could Lead to Unintended Pregnancy. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mahanaimy M, Gerdts C, Moseson H. What constitutes a good healthcare experience for unintended pregnancy? A qualitative study among young people in California. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2022; 24:330-343. [PMID: 33252315 PMCID: PMC10387493 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2020.1840631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about young people's experiences accessing healthcare for unintended pregnancy in the USA. To address this gap, we conducted in-depth interviews with 25 young people in California who had experienced at least one unintended pregnancy at or before 25 years of age. Participants were asked about their interactions with healthcare providers during the pregnancy, their thoughts on the determinants of their perceived quality of care, and the ways in which their healthcare experience could have been improved. Thematic analysis was used to organise information within and across interview transcripts. Two important determinants of participants' satisfaction with their healthcare experience were identified during analysis: (1) receiving comprehensive information about their pregnancy options and what to expect from each, and (2) having an empathetic, non-judgemental provider. Regarding abortion, participants described an unmet need for accurate information and frequent stigmatising experiences with dismissive and judgemental care providers. These findings highlight the importance of providing comprehensive, non-judgemental pregnancy options counselling to all pregnant people, regardless of age and desired pregnancy outcome; and reinforce the need for providers to consider ways in which their own bias may influence the quality of care they provide.
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Asiimwe R, Tseng C, Murray SM, Ojuka JC, Arima EG, Familiar‐Lopez I. Association of pregnancy‐related stigma and intimate partner violence with anxiety and depression among adolescents. J Adolesc 2022; 94:270-275. [DOI: 10.1002/jad.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Asiimwe
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Chi‐Fang Tseng
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Sarah M. Murray
- Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA
| | | | - Ethan G. Arima
- Makerere University Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration Kampala Uganda
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Phiri TM, Nyamaruze P, Akintola O. Stress and coping among unmarried pregnant university students in South Africa. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:817. [PMID: 34886798 PMCID: PMC8656022 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The improvement of maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes is an important part of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). MCH remains an important issue globally as the SDGs have not yet been achieved in most countries. Young women in universities are likely to experience unintended pregnancy due to risky sexual behaviors in tertiary institutions which is characterized by lack of condom and/or contraceptive use and coercion. Pregnant young women in an academic environment are susceptible to stressors associated with unintended pregnancy and academic demands of universities. However, very little is known about the stress and coping among young people in tertiary institutions who get pregnant during the course of their studies and choose to keep the pregnancy. Methods Participants were purposively selected among pregnant students and those in the puerperal period at the time of the study. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were undertaken to explore the experiences of pregnancy and early motherhood, with particular focus on the various stressors experienced and possible coping strategies employed by students. The data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, then analysed using thematic analysis. Results The findings show that pregnancy and early motherhood was an experience that came with a lot of stress emanating from fear of parents’ reactions, academic pressure, financial constraints, relationship problems with male partners and experiences of social stigma. Participants used emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies to deal with the stressors confronting them during and after their pregnancy. Conclusion The experiences of pregnant students are multifaceted and generally characterised by financial crisis, academic challenges, shame, strenuous relationships and transitioning into a new identity. A multipronged approach to healthcare for pregnant students that focus on comprehensive antenatal services, health education, health promotion, psychosocial interventions including academic counselling will have positive outcomes for young mothers and their children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-04288-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandiwe Msipu Phiri
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Applied Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Patrick Nyamaruze
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Olagoke Akintola
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Hoss L, Toews ML, Perez-Brena N, Goodcase E, Feinberg M. Parental Factors as Predictors of Dating Violence Among Latinx Adolescent Mothers. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP9994-NP10011. [PMID: 31313619 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519862269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to examine how parental stress and coparenting relationship quality were related to dating violence perpetration and victimization among 114 Latinx adolescent mothers. We hypothesized that higher levels of parental stress and lower coparenting quality would be associated with increased dating violence perpetration and victimization. Prior to running a path analysis to test our hypotheses, we examined how frequently the Latinx adolescent mothers in our sample reported perpetrating at least one act of psychological or physical abuse against their partner in the past month. We found that 84.3% of the mothers in our study had perpetrated at least one act of violence against their partner in the past month and 74.7% reported they had been the victim of at least one act of violence by their partner in the past month. After accounting for frequency of contact with the father of their child, we found Latinx adolescent mothers were more likely to perpetrate abuse against, as well as be the victim of abuse by, their partner if they had a lower quality coparenting relationship. However, parental stress was not associated with dating violence perpetration or victimization after accounting for frequency of contact. Our findings show the importance of the quality of the coparenting relationship, above and beyond parental stress, as a predictor of dating violence victimization and perpetration, thus highlighting the importance of educating adolescent parents about how to navigate the coparenting relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Hoss
- Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark Feinberg
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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Tinago CB, Frongillo EA, Warren AM, Chitiyo V, Cifarelli AK, Fyalkowski S, Pauline V. Development and assessment of feasibility of a community-based peer support intervention to mitigate social isolation and stigma of adolescent motherhood in Harare, Zimbabwe. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:110. [PMID: 34001288 PMCID: PMC8127315 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent mothers in Zimbabwe often experience stigma, isolation, and lack coping skills and resources to successfully navigate motherhood. Social isolation and stigma are linked to poor mental health outcomes. No interventions currently address mental health of adolescent mothers in Zimbabwe. Peer support groups in other contexts have been effective at increasing social connectedness, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, providing coping mechanisms to manage stigma experiences, in addition to empowering and improving mental health of adolescents and adolescent mothers. To develop a community-based peer support intervention, we aimed to understand the unique needs of adolescent mothers, how peer support groups could address those needs, and the feasibility of implementing the intervention. Methods Focus group discussions were conducted with 86 adolescent mothers aged 14–18 years, 24 community health workers, and 25 key community stakeholders in a low-income high-density community in Harare. Data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 12 software. Results Participants described adolescent mother experiences with stigma and social isolation, in addition to challenges including gossip, lack of employment and educational opportunities, and gaps in services and programming. Peer support groups for adolescent mothers were welcomed to improve mental health, social support, knowledge sharing, and skills building. Participants identified varying preferred frequency and duration of group sessions addressing topics including income generation, mental health, and gossip, facilitated by community health workers at health and community centers. The use of WhatsApp Messenger to support intervention efforts was welcomed as an affordable and user-friendly platform to share information. Implementation (i.e., training, supervision, frequency, location, and co-facilitation) was feasible. Conclusions Adolescent mothers, community health workers and key community stakeholders welcomed the peer support groups as a feasible way to address the mothers’ needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiwoneso B Tinago
- Department of Health, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, 855 S. New Street, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 529, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Andrea M Warren
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 529, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Vivian Chitiyo
- The Organization for Public Health Interventions and Development (OPHID), 20 Cork Road, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ashley K Cifarelli
- Department of Health, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, 855 S. New Street, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
| | - Shannon Fyalkowski
- Department of Health, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, 855 S. New Street, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
| | - Victoria Pauline
- Department of Health, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, 855 S. New Street, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
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Sheeran N, Jones L, Perolini J. Intersecting identities: How race and age influence perceptions of mothers. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Sheeran
- School of Applied Psychology, Mt Gravatt Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Liz Jones
- Centre for Work Organisation and Wellbeing, School of Applied Psychology, Mt Gravatt Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Joanne Perolini
- School of Applied Psychology, Mt Gravatt Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
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Sheldon WR, Mary M, Harris L, Starr K, Winikoff B. Exploring potential interest in missed period pills in two US states. Contraception 2020; 102:414-420. [PMID: 32916168 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Missed period pills (MPP) are uterine evacuation medications used for treatment of delayed menses without prior pregnancy confirmation. This study explores potential interest in missed period pills in two US states. STUDY DESIGN We enrolled people seeking pregnancy test services at nine health centers in two US states between June 2015 and October 2017. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire containing closed- and open-ended questions about background characteristics, reproductive practices, pregnancy feelings and intentions, abortion attitudes, and MPP interest. We used ordered logistic regression to identify factors associated with MPP interest and inductive content analysis to identify recurring qualitative themes related to MPP interest or disinterest. RESULTS In all, 678 people completed the survey and 286/678 (42%) indicated interest in missed period pills. Interest was greatest (129/185 or 70%) among those who would be unhappy if pregnant. Variables associated with interest in the multivariate analyses were age ≥ 35, nulliparity, prior abortion and contraceptive use, recent use of emergency contraception, pregnancy feelings and intentions, and abortion attitudes (p < .05). Variables not associated with interest included state of residence, educational attainment, ethnicity, religious affiliation, and frequency of religious attendance. Key reasons for interest were to prevent, avoid or terminate pregnancy; and psychological or emotional benefits, including management of abortion stigma. Reasons for non-interest included concerns about safety or side effects, desire to be pregnant or have a baby, and not wanting to abort or hurt the fetus/baby. CONCLUSION If missed period pills were available in the United States, demand might be substantial and wide-ranging across demographic groups. IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that some people with missed periods do not desire pregnancy confirmation before taking medications that might disrupt a pregnancy. As a result, provision of missed period pills in the United States would expand reproductive service options and could improve the delivery of patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R Sheldon
- Gynuity Health Projects, 220 East 42(nd) Street, Suite 710, New York, NY 10017, United States.
| | - Meighan Mary
- Gynuity Health Projects, 220 East 42(nd) Street, Suite 710, New York, NY 10017, United States
| | - Lisa Harris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Katherine Starr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Beverly Winikoff
- Gynuity Health Projects, 220 East 42(nd) Street, Suite 710, New York, NY 10017, United States
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Laurenzi CA, Gordon S, Abrahams N, du Toit S, Bradshaw M, Brand A, Melendez-Torres GJ, Tomlinson M, Ross DA, Servili C, Carvajal-Aguirre L, Lai J, Dua T, Fleischmann A, Skeen S. Psychosocial interventions targeting mental health in pregnant adolescents and adolescent parents: a systematic review. Reprod Health 2020; 17:65. [PMID: 32410710 PMCID: PMC7227359 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-00913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy and parenthood are known to be high-risk times for mental health. However, less is known about the mental health of pregnant adolescents or adolescent parents. Despite the substantial literature on the risks associated with adolescent pregnancy, there is limited evidence on best practices for preventing poor mental health in this vulnerable group. This systematic review therefore aimed to identify whether psychosocial interventions can effectively promote positive mental health and prevent mental health conditions in pregnant and parenting adolescents. METHODS We used the standardized systematic review methodology based on the process outlined in the World Health Organization's Handbook for Guidelines Development. This review focused on randomized controlled trials of preventive psychosocial interventions to promote the mental health of pregnant and parenting adolescents, as compared to treatment as usual. We searched PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, EMBASE and ASSIA databases, as well as reference lists of relevant articles, grey literature, and consultation with experts in the field. GRADE was used to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS We included 17 eligible studies (n = 3245 participants). Interventions had small to moderate, beneficial effects on positive mental health (SMD = 0.35, very low quality evidence), and moderate beneficial effects on school attendance (SMD = 0.64, high quality evidence). There was limited evidence for the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on mental health disorders including depression and anxiety, substance use, risky sexual and reproductive health behaviors, adherence to antenatal and postnatal care, and parenting skills. There were no available data for outcomes on self-harm and suicide; aggressive, disruptive, and oppositional behaviors; or exposure to intimate partner violence. Only two studies included adolescent fathers. No studies were based in low- or middle-income countries. CONCLUSION Despite the encouraging findings in terms of effects on positive mental health and school attendance outcomes, there is a critical evidence gap related to the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for improving mental health, preventing disorders, self-harm, and other risk behaviors among pregnant and parenting adolescents. There is an urgent need to adapt and design new psychosocial interventions that can be pilot-tested and scaled with pregnant adolescents and adolescent parents and their extended networks, particularly in low-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Laurenzi
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Sarah Gordon
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Nina Abrahams
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Stefani du Toit
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Melissa Bradshaw
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Amanda Brand
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | | | - Mark Tomlinson
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David A Ross
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Servili
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Liliana Carvajal-Aguirre
- Data and Analytics Section, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring, UNICEF Headquarters, New York, USA
| | - Joanna Lai
- Maternal, Newborn and Adolescent Health Unit, Health Section, UNICEF Headquarters, New York, USA
| | - Tarun Dua
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Fleischmann
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Skeen
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Erasmus MO, Knight L, Dutton J. Barriers to accessing maternal health care amongst pregnant adolescents in South Africa: a qualitative study. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:469-476. [PMID: 32388574 PMCID: PMC7275000 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study explores the barriers to accessing antenatal care (ANC) services amongst pregnant adolescents within a particular community of South Africa. Methods An exploratory qualitative design was applied to examine the views of pregnant adolescents. In-depth interviews were conducted with pregnant adolescents at the Mitchells Plain Midwifery Obstetric Unit, as well as nursing staff working at the facility. Thematic analysis was then used and analysis was framed using the social–ecological model for health-seeking behaviour. Results This study found that barriers to adolescents seeking ANC often centered on a discourse of adolescent pregnancy being deviant, irresponsible, and shameful. Pregnant adolescents often absorbed these beliefs and were fearful of other’s reaction within their family, the community, at school, and within the ANC facilities. Conclusions Stigma regarding adolescent pregnancy participates in the perpetuation of a culture of non-disclosure and shame, which stands in the way of young pregnant people seeking the care they require. Such beliefs and attitudes need to be challenged at a community and national level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00038-020-01374-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Knight
- School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jessica Dutton
- School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Coleman‐Minahan K, Jean Stevenson A, Obront E, Hays S. Adolescents Obtaining Abortion Without Parental Consent: Their Reasons and Experiences of Social Support. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2020; 52:15-22. [PMID: 32115875 PMCID: PMC7155056 DOI: 10.1363/psrh.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Most states require adolescents younger than 18 to involve a parent prior to obtaining an abortion, yet little is known about adolescents' reasons for choosing abortion or the social support received by those who seek judicial bypass of parental consent for abortion. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 individuals aged 16-19 who sought judicial bypass in Texas between 2015 and 2016 to explore why they chose to get an abortion, who they involved in their decision and what their experiences of social support were. Data were analyzed thematically using stigma and social support theories. RESULTS Participants researched their pregnancy options and involved others in their decisions. They chose abortion because parenting would limit their futures, and they believed they could not provide a child with all of her or his needs. Anticipated stigma motivated participants to keep their decision private, although they desired emotional and material support. Not all male partners agreed with adolescents' decisions to seek an abortion, and agreement by some males did not guarantee emotional or material support; some young women described their partners' giving them the "freedom" to make the decision as avoiding responsibility. After a disclosure of their abortion decision, some participants experienced enacted stigma, including shame and emotional abuse. CONCLUSIONS Abortion stigma influences adolescents' disclosure of their abortion decisions and limits their social support. Fears of disclosing their pregnancies and abortion decisions are justified, and policymakers should consider how laws requiring parental notification may harm adolescents. Further research is needed on adolescents' experiences with abortion stigma.
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Lee HY, Edwards RC, Hans SL. Young First-Time Mothers’ Parenting of Infants: The Role of Depression and Social Support. Matern Child Health J 2019; 24:575-586. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-019-02849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Reproductive justice advocates emphasize the rights of women to choose to have children, to decide the conditions under which they give birth, and to parent their children with support, safety, and dignity. This article examines what a reproductive justice perspective contributes to infant mental health work with teenage mothers and their families. It explores the historical framing of teenage pregnancy in which young mothers are the cause of a variety of social problems and in which the primary policy and practice approach is pregnancy prevention. The article offers alternative framings of teenage childbearing, based on reproductive justice principles, which focus on social conditions surrounding teenage parenthood and the meaning of motherhood in the lives of young women. These alternative frames shift the practice agenda to eradicating unjust social conditions and providing supports for young women in their roles as parents. The article then describes ways in which two infant mental health programs have incorporated reproductive justice principles into their work with young families: Chicago's community doula model and Florida's Young Parents Project for court-involved teenage parents. Finally, the article extracts a set of principles deriving from a reproductive justice perspective that are relevant to infant mental health work with young families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney L. Hans
- School of Social Service AdministrationUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Barbara A. White
- Center for Prevention & Early Intervention PolicyFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida
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21
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Sommer PA, Kelley MA, Norr KF, Patil CL, Vonderheid SC. Mexican American Adolescent Mothers' Lived Experience: Grounded Ethnicity and Authentic Mothering. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2019; 6:2333393619850775. [PMID: 31192272 PMCID: PMC6539571 DOI: 10.1177/2333393619850775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted this qualitative, phenomenological study to further understanding of how second-generation Mexican American adolescent mothers perceive their young motherhood experience, drawing on the context of their Mexican heritage background. Through in-person interviews with 18 young mothers, we discerned shared essential meanings reconstructed around two major domains: (a) grounded ethnicity, a firm desire to remain true to and share their heritage culture, and (b) authentic mothering, strong relationality to their infants. We found that young mothers embraced their Mexican heritage mothering approaches, such as fostering familismo, valuing family above other obligations. The adolescents in this study sensed their young motherhood as an opportunity to protect and improve qualities of traditional familial cultural heritage, while absorbing elements of American culture to enhance the future for themselves and their infants. We discuss how providers can help reduce stigmatization and promote self-efficacy by respecting and partnering with young mothers to provide culturally congruent services.
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"…Society is, at the end of the day, still going to stigmatize you no matter which way": A qualitative study of the impact of stigma on social support during unintended pregnancy in early adulthood. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217308. [PMID: 31120984 PMCID: PMC6532899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unintended pregnancy in adolescence and early adulthood is stigmatized in the United States because it deviates from social norms that consider young people’s sexuality as a social problem. While limited, prior research has found that this stigma prevents young people from telling people in their lives about their pregnancies, for fear of judgment or negative reactions. We hypothesized that this selective disclosure of unintended pregnancy due to stigma would reduce the social support available to young pregnant people at a particularly vulnerable time—social support that we know is important for optimal physical and mental health of the young person, and the pregnancy (should they choose to carry to term). To explore this hypothesis, we conducted a qualitative study among young people to understand if and how they experienced stigma in relation to an unintended pregnancy, how this stigma shaped patterns of pregnancy disclosure, the implications for received social support, and participant thoughts on how to alleviate the influence of this stigma on their lives. In in-depth interviews with 25 young people in the San Francisco Bay area who had experienced at least one unintended pregnancy, using a thematic analysis approach, we found that the stigma of unintended pregnancy led participants to selectively disclose the pregnancy to limited people, which in turn cut them off from needed sources of social support. Black and Hispanic women disproportionately described this experience. Participants expressed a desire for programs that would connect young people who had experienced unplanned pregnancy to each other–either via the internet, organized groups through clinical care sites, college or high school campuses, or other forums—as a way to alleviate stigma, share perspectives and lessons learned, and otherwise build emotional and informational support networks for themselves where their usual support had fallen away.
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23
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Cox JE, Harris SK, Conroy K, Engelhart T, Vyavaharkar A, Federico A, Woods ER. A Parenting and Life Skills Intervention for Teen Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics 2019; 143:peds.2018-2303. [PMID: 30755464 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : media-1vid110.1542/5985300176001PEDS-VA_2018-2303Video Abstract BACKGROUND: Teen mothers often present with depression, social complexity, and inadequate parenting skills. Many have rapid repeat pregnancy, which increases risk for poor outcomes. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a parenting and life skills intervention for teen mothers aimed at impacting parenting and reproductive outcomes. METHODS Teen mothers were recruited from a teen-tot clinic with integrated medical care and social services. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive (1) teen-tot services plus 5 interactive parenting and life skills modules adapted from the Nurturing and Ansell-Casey Life Skills curricula, delivered by a nurse and social worker over the infant's first 15 months or (2) teen-tot services alone. A computerized questionnaire was self-administered at intake, 12, 24, and 36 months. Outcomes included maternal self-esteem, parenting attitudes associated with child maltreatment risk, maternal depression, life skills, and repeat pregnancy over a 36-month follow-up. We used generalized linear mixed modeling and logistic regression to examine intervention effects. RESULTS Of 152 invited, 140 (92%) participated (intervention = 72; control = 68). At 36 months, maternal self-esteem was higher in the intervention group compared with controls (P = .011), with higher scores on preparedness for mothering role (P = .011), acceptance of infant (P = .008), and expected relationship with infant (P = .029). Repeat pregnancy by 36 months was significantly lower for intervention versus control participants. CONCLUSIONS A brief parenting and/or life skills intervention paired with medical care for teens and their children has positive effects on maternal self-esteem and repeat pregnancy over 36 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Cox
- Divisions of General Pediatrics and .,Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sion Kim Harris
- Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen Conroy
- Divisions of General Pediatrics and.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth R Woods
- Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Chikalipo MC, Nyondo-Mipando L, Ngalande RC, Muheriwa SR, Kafulafula UK. Perceptions of pregnant adolescents on the antenatal care received at Ndirande Health Centre in Blantyre, Malawi. Malawi Med J 2018; 30:25-30. [PMID: 29868156 PMCID: PMC5974383 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v30i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rates of adolescent pregnancies in Malawi remain high at 29%. Early childbearing is a major health issue because of its increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to older women. Although antenatal care is believed not to directly reduce maternal mortality, comprehensive antenatal care, especially in developing countries, may promote safe motherhood as actual and potential problems related to pregnancy are identified and treated in a timely manner. While antenatal services in Malawi are meant to provide antenatal care for adolescents, much of the care provided seems to be limited. The purpose of this study was to explore views of pregnant adolescent girls about the antenatal care they received at Ndirande clinic. Understanding adolescents' views about the care they receive may provide an opportunity to identify gaps in the care and ultimately improve the care for pregnant adolescent girls. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional exploratory study on pregnant adolescent girls' perceptions of the antenatal care received at Ndirande Health Centre in Blantyre, Malawi, from 7 to 28 October 2011. We interviewed 15 purposively selected pregnant adolescents aged 14 to 19 years using a semi-structured interview guide. All the interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and translated from Chichewa into English. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Findings Two major themes emerged from the findings: a) caring b) motivation for attending antenatal care. The findings indicate that pregnant adolescents view the establishment of a clinic as acceptable and feasible. However, the care was inadequate, as it did not meet the expected standards and the needs of the pregnant adolescents. Conclusion The antenatal care adolescent girls received at Ndirande clinic is inadequate as it does not meet their needs. Innovative models of care that embrace the principles of youth friendly services should be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Nyondo-Mipando
- University of Malawi - School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine
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25
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Liu N, Vigod SN, Farrugia MM, Urquia ML, Ray JG. Intergenerational teen pregnancy: a population-based cohort study. BJOG 2018; 125:1766-1774. [PMID: 29786971 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the intergenerational association in teenage pregnancy, and whether there is a coupling tendency between a mother and daughter in how their teen pregnancies end, such as a termination of pregnancy (TOP) versus a live birth. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Ontario, Canada. POPULATION A total of 15 097 mothers and their 16 177 daughters. METHODS Generalised estimating equations generated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of a daughter experiencing a teen pregnancy in relation to the number of teen pregnancies her mother had. Multinomial logistic regression estimated the odds that a teen pregnancy ended with TOP among both mother and daughter. All models were adjusted for maternal age and world region of origin, the daughter's socio-demographic characteristics and comorbidities, mother-daughter cohabitation, and neighbourhood-level teen pregnancy rate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Teen pregnancy in the daughter, between ages 15 and 19 years, and also the nature of the daughter's teen pregnancy, categorised as (1) no teen pregnancy, (2) at least one teen pregnancy, all exclusively ending with a live birth, and (3) at least one teen pregnancy, with at least one teen pregnancy ending with a TOP. RESULTS The proportion of daughters having a teen pregnancy among those whose mother had zero, one, two, or at least three teen pregnancies was 16.3, 24.9, 33.5 and 36.3%, respectively. The aOR of a daughter having a teen pregnancy was 1.42 (95% CI 1.25-1.61) if her mother had one, 1.97 (95% CI 1.71-2.26) if she had two, and 2.17 (95% CI 1.84-2.56) if her mother had three or more teen pregnancies, relative to none. If a mother had at least one teen pregnancy ending with TOP, then her daughter had an aOR of 2.12 (95% CI 1.76-2.56) for having a teen pregnancy also ending with TOP; whereas, if a mother had at least one teen pregnancy, all ending with a live birth, then her daughter had an aOR of 1.73 (95% CI 1.46-2.05) for that same outcome. CONCLUSION There is a strong intergenerational occurrence of teenage pregnancy between a mother and daughter, including a coupling tendency in how the pregnancy ends. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Strong intergenerational association for teenage pregnancy between mother and daughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Liu
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S N Vigod
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M M Farrugia
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M L Urquia
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J G Ray
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hall KS, Manu A, Morhe E, Dalton VK, Challa S, Loll D, Dozier JL, Zochowski MK, Boakye A, Harris LH. Bad girl and unmet family planning need among Sub-Saharan African adolescents: the role of sexual and reproductive health stigma. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN MEDICINE & HEALTHCARE 2018; 2:55-64. [PMID: 30556052 PMCID: PMC6292434 DOI: 10.4081/qrmh.2018.7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent pregnancy contributes to high maternal mortality rates in Sub-Saharan Africa. We explored stigma surrounding adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and its impact on young Ghanaian women's family planning (FP) outcomes. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 63 women ages 15-24 recruited from health facilities and schools in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. Purposive sampling provided diversity in reproductive/relationship/socioeconomic/religious characteristics. Using both deductive and inductive approaches, our thematic analysis applied principles of grounded theory. Participants described adolescent SRH experiences as cutting across five stigma domains. First, community norms identified non-marital sex and its consequences (pregnancy, childbearing, abortion, sexually transmitted infections) as immoral, disrespectful, and disobedient, resulting in bad girl labeling. Second, enacted stigma entailed gossip, marginalization, and mistreatment from all community members, especially healthcare workers. Third, young sexually active, pregnant, and childbearing women experienced internalized stigma as disgrace, shame and shyness. Fourth, non-disclosure and secret-keeping were used to avoid/reduce stigma. Fifth, stigma resilience was achieved through social support. Collectively, SRH stigma precluded adolescents' use of FP methods and services. Our resulting conceptual model of adolescent SRH stigma can guide health service, public health, and policy efforts to address unmet FP need and de-stigmatize SRH for young women worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Stidham Hall
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Abubakar Manu
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Sneha Challa
- University of Michigan, Women’s Hospital, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Dana Loll
- University of Michigan, Women’s Hospital, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew Boakye
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lisa H. Harris
- University of Michigan, Women’s Hospital, Ann Arbor, USA
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Hall KS, Morhe E, Manu A, Harris LH, Ela E, Loll D, Kolenic G, Dozier JL, Challa S, Zochowski MK, Boakye A, Adanu R, Dalton VK. Factors associated with sexual and reproductive health stigma among adolescent girls in Ghana. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195163. [PMID: 29608595 PMCID: PMC5880390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Using our previously developed and tested Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) Stigma Scale, we investigated factors associated with perceived SRH stigma among adolescent girls in Ghana. Methods We drew upon data from our survey study of 1,063 females 15-24yrs recruited from community- and clinic-based sites in two Ghanaian cities. Our Adolescent SRH Stigma Scale comprised 20 items and 3 sub-scales (Internalized, Enacted, Lay Attitudes) to measure stigma occurring with sexual activity, contraceptive use, pregnancy, abortion and family planning service use. We assessed relationships between a comprehensive set of demographic, health and social factors and SRH Stigma with multi-level multivariable linear regression models. Results In unadjusted bivariate analyses, compared to their counterparts, SRH stigma scores were higher among girls who were younger, Accra residents, Muslim, still in/dropped out of secondary school, unemployed, reporting excellent/very good health, not in a relationship, not sexually experienced, never received family planning services, never used contraception, but had been pregnant (all p-values <0.05). In multivariable models, higher SRH stigma scores were associated with history of pregnancy (β = 1.53, CI = 0.51,2.56) and excellent/very good self-rated health (β = 0.89, CI = 0.20,1.58), while lower stigma scores were associated with older age (β = -0.17, 95%CI = -0.24,-0.09), higher educational attainment (β = -1.22, CI = -1.82,-0.63), and sexual intercourse experience (β = -1.32, CI = -2.10,-0.55). Conclusions Findings provide insight into factors contributing to SRH stigma among this young Ghanaian female sample. Further research disentangling the complex interrelationships between SRH stigma, health, and social context is needed to guide multi-level interventions to address SRH stigma and its causes and consequences for adolescents worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Stidham Hall
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Abubakar Manu
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lisa H Harris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Ela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Dana Loll
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Giselle Kolenic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jessica L Dozier
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sneha Challa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Melissa K Zochowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Andrew Boakye
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Adanu
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vanessa K Dalton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Jo S, Park S, Youn JH, Sohn BK, Choi HJ, Lee JY, Lee JY, Lee JY. The Mental Health Status and Intellectual Ability of Unwed Mothers Dwelling in Korean Shelter Homes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040637. [PMID: 29601524 PMCID: PMC5923679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although many unwed mothers have issues concerning mental health and intellectual ability, little research has focused on their mental and cognitive status. Due to the public stigma attached to unwed mothers in South Korea, they tend to conceal their status and are less likely to seek psychiatric and psychological help. In this context, this study aims to assess the current status of their mental health and intellectual characteristics. A total of 48 unwed mothers from two shelter homes in South Korea agreed to participate in the study. We compared the mental health status of these unwed mothers with that of the general female population. Unwed mothers were more likely than those of the general female population to have mood disorders, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and nicotine use disorders, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Among the 48 unwed mothers, 20 (41.7%) had an IQ of less than 70, and the mean IQ (78.31) was significantly lower than the normalized mean IQ of the general female population. This study confirmed that unwed mothers dwelling in Korean shelter homes are more likely than the general female population to have mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Jo
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Soowon Park
- Department of Education, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Jung Hae Youn
- Department of Art Therapy & Counseling Psychology, Cha University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Korea.
| | - Bo Kyung Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Korea.
| | - Hyo Jung Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Public Health Medical Service, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Korea.
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Odinka JI, Nwoke M, Chukwuorji JC, Egbuagu K, Mefoh P, Odinka PC, Amadi KU, Muomah RC. Post-partum depression, anxiety and marital satisfaction: A perspective from Southeastern Nigeria. S Afr J Psychiatr 2018; 24:1109. [PMID: 30263209 PMCID: PMC6138125 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v24i0.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have noted the high prevalence of post-partum depression (PPD) and anxiety associated with poor marital satisfaction, albeit amidst a dearth of literature on comorbid PPD and anxiety among women in Nigeria. Objective The study was aimed to assess the prevalence of PPD and anxiety, and to investigate their relationship with marital satisfaction in low-risk women in Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria. Method A cross-sectional study of 309 randomly selected nursing mothers at two tertiary health institutions. Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) were used to collect data on demography, anxiety and depression and marital relationship respectively. All statistical tests were performed at a significant level of 0.05. Results The age range of the respondents was 20–46 years; mean and s.d. was 29.65 and ± 4.87, respectively, and most of them were graduates of tertiary educational institutions (74.1%). The prevalence of post-partum anxiety was 31.1% and of PPD was 33.3%. Marital dissatisfaction was observed in 39.5% (122) of the respondents who were mothers. Those with co-morbid depression and anxiety (22.0%) had worse marital dissatisfaction. The strongest correlation with depression and anxiety was item 12 of IMS (‘feel that my partner doesn’t confide in me’). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of marital dissatisfaction, PPD and anxiety among nursing mothers in Enugu, but with low detection rate. The effects of PPD and anxiety on the mother, her marital relationship and her infant make them essential conditions for early diagnosis, prevention and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn I Odinka
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Marybasil Nwoke
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | | | - Kenneth Egbuagu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Philip Mefoh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Paul C Odinka
- Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy U Amadi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Rosemary C Muomah
- Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
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Hall KS, Manu A, Morhe E, Harris LH, Loll D, Ela E, Kolenic G, Dozier JL, Challa S, Zochowski MK, Boakye A, Adanu R, Dalton VK. Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Stigma: Results From Young Women in Ghana. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:60-72. [PMID: 28266874 PMCID: PMC5901672 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1292493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Young women's experiences with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) stigma may contribute to unintended pregnancy. Thus, stigma interventions and rigorous measures to assess their impact are needed. Based on formative work, we generated a pool of 51 items on perceived stigma around different dimensions of adolescent SRH and family planning (sex, contraception, pregnancy, childbearing, abortion). We tested items in a survey study of 1,080 women ages 15 to 24 recruited from schools, health facilities, and universities in Ghana. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) identified the most conceptually and statistically relevant scale, and multivariable regression established construct validity via associations between stigma and contraceptive use. CFA provided strong support for our hypothesized Adolescent SRH Stigma Scale (chi-square p value < 0.001; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.07; standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.06). The final 20-item scale included three subscales: internalized stigma (six items), enacted stigma (seven items), and stigmatizing lay attitudes (seven items). The scale demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.74) and strong subscale correlations (α = 0.82 to 0.93). Higher SRH stigma scores were inversely associated with ever having used modern contraception (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.96, confidence interval [CI] = 0.94 to 0.99, p value = 0.006). A valid, reliable instrument for assessing SRH stigma and its impact on family planning, the Adolescent SRH Stigma Scale can inform and evaluate interventions to reduce/manage stigma and foster resilience among young women in Africa and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Stidham Hall
- a Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University
| | - Abubakar Manu
- b Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, University of Ghana School of Public Health
| | - Emmanuel Morhe
- c Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
| | - Lisa H Harris
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan
| | - Dana Loll
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan
| | - Elizabeth Ela
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan
| | - Giselle Kolenic
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan
| | - Jessica L Dozier
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan
| | - Sneha Challa
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan
| | - Melissa K Zochowski
- f Health Services Research Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan
| | - Andrew Boakye
- c Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Vanessa K Dalton
- f Health Services Research Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan
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Neoliberal Beliefs and Perceptions of Unintended Adolescent Pregnancy after Consensual or Forced Sex. SEX ROLES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-017-0842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mendez Rojas B, Beogo I, Owili PO, Adesanya O, Chen CY. Community social capital on the timing of sexual debut and teen birth in Nicaragua: a multilevel approach. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:991. [PMID: 27634382 PMCID: PMC5025572 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community attributes have been gradually recognized as critical determinants shaping sexual behaviors in young population; nevertheless, most of the published studies were conducted in high income countries. The study aims to examine the association between community social capital with the time to sexual onset and to first birth in Central America. Methods Building upon the 2011/12 Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Nicaragua, we identified a sample of 2766 community-dwelling female adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. Multilevel survival analyses were performed to estimate the risks linked with three domains of community social capital (i.e., norms, resource and social network). Results Higher prevalence of female sexual debut (norms) and higher proportion of secondary school or higher education (resource) in the community are associated with an earlier age of sexual debut by 47 % (p < 0.05) and 16 %, respectively (p < 0.001). Living in a community with a high proportion of females having a child increases the hazard of teen birth (p < 0.001) and resource is negatively associated with teen childbearing (p < 0.05). Residential stability and community religious composition (social network) were not linked with teen-onset sex and birth. Conclusions The norm and resource aspects of social capital appeared differentially associated with adolescent sexual and reproductive behaviors. Interventions aiming to tackle unfavorable sexual and reproductive outcomes in young people should be devised and implemented with integration of social process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomar Mendez Rojas
- International Health Program, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Idrissa Beogo
- École Nationale de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Chuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Medical Building, Rm 210, 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Center of Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan.
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Flynn TA, Jones BA, Ausderau KK. Guided Imagery and Stress in Pregnant Adolescents. Am J Occup Ther 2016; 70:7005220020p1-7. [PMID: 27548866 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2016.019315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of a guided imagery intervention on perceived stress in pregnant adolescents. METHOD Thirty-five pregnant adolescents recruited from a local alternative education program participated in a guided imagery intervention. Participants listened to a pregnancy-specific guided imagery recording on four separate occasions during their pregnancies. Perceived stress was measured immediately before and after each session using the Perceived Stress Measure-9 (PSM-9). RESULTS Participants' pre- and postsession PSM-9 scores for three of the four sessions demonstrated a significant reduction in stress. Participants' baseline stress levels also decreased significantly across the four listening sessions. The greatest reductions in stress within and between sessions occurred in the early sessions, with effects diminishing over time. CONCLUSION Pregnant teens experienced initial short- and long-term stress reduction during a guided imagery intervention, supporting the use of guided imagery to reduce stress in pregnant adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Flynn
- Theresa A. Flynn, MS, OTR, is Occupational Therapist, UnityPoint Health Meriter Hospital, Madison, WI. At the time of the study, she was Student, Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison;
| | - Brittney A Jones
- Brittney A. Jones, MS, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Presence St. Joseph Medical Center, Joliet, IL; at the time of the study, she was Occupational Therapy Master's Student, Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Karla K Ausderau
- Karla K. Ausderau, PhD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Investigator at the Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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Smith W, Turan JM, White K, Stringer KL, Helova A, Simpson T, Cockrill K. Social Norms and Stigma Regarding Unintended Pregnancy and Pregnancy Decisions: A Qualitative Study of Young Women in Alabama. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2016; 48:73-81. [PMID: 27166869 PMCID: PMC5022769 DOI: 10.1363/48e9016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Social norms and stigma may play important roles in reproductive health behavior and decision making among young women in the U.S. South, who disproportionately experience unintended pregnancies. No research has described the presence and manifestations of social norms and stigmas associated with unintended pregnancy and related decision making from the perspective of this population. METHODS Six focus groups and 12 cognitive interviews were conducted between December 2013 and July 2014 with 46 low-income women aged 19-24 living in Birmingham, Alabama; respondents were recruited from two public health department centers and a community college. Semistructured interview guides were used to facilitate discussion about social perceptions of unintended pregnancy and related pregnancy decisions. Sessions were audio-recorded, and transcripts were analyzed using a theme-based approach. RESULTS Participants described community expectations that pregnancy occur in the context of monogamous relationships, in which both partners are mature, educated and financially stable. However, respondents reported that unintended pregnancy outside of these circumstances was common, and that the community expected young women faced with unintended pregnancies to bear and raise their children. Women who chose to do so were viewed more positively than were women who chose abortion or adoption. The community generally considered these alternatives to parenting unacceptable, and participants discussed them in terms of negative labels, social judgment and nondisclosure. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest a need to reduce stigma and create a social environment in which young women are empowered to make the best reproductive decisions for themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Smith
- Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Janet M. Turan
- Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kari White
- Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kristi L. Stringer
- Department of Medical Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences/Center for Outcomes and Effectiveness Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anna Helova
- Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Tina Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Henderson J, Redshaw M. Worries About Labor and Birth: A Population-Based Study of Outcomes for Young Primiparous Women. Birth 2016; 43:151-8. [PMID: 26806273 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy at a young age is a continuing public health concern strongly associated with socioeconomic deprivation, social isolation, and stigma. The objectives were to see whether, compared with women aged 21 or more, women aged 20 years or younger worried more about labor and birth, and had poorer maternal outcomes. Another objective was to investigate the extent to which worries about labor and birth mediated the associations between young age and outcomes. METHODS A secondary analysis of data was conducted relating to 2,598 primiparous women's experience of maternity care in England in 2010. The survey collected data on care in the antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal periods, and sociodemographic factors. A validated checklist measured worries about labor and birth. RESULTS Compared with women aged 21 or more, women aged 20 years or younger worried more about labor and birth. The pain and duration of labor worried all women and those aged 20 years or younger were particularly worried about the uncertainty of labor onset, cesarean section birth, and about embarrassment. In logistic regression, after adjusting for potential confounders, young age was a significant independent risk factor for worries about pain and distress in labor, and self-reported depression at 1 and 3 months. However, young age was also significantly associated with having a normal vaginal delivery. CONCLUSIONS It may be appropriate to focus support on women experiencing multiple disadvantage, rather than young age alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Henderson
- Policy Research Unit in Maternal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maggie Redshaw
- Policy Research Unit in Maternal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sekharan VS, Kim THM, Oulman E, Tamim H. Prevalence and characteristics of intended adolescent pregnancy: an analysis of the Canadian maternity experiences survey. Reprod Health 2015; 12:101. [PMID: 26542103 PMCID: PMC4636060 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-015-0093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited research focusing on adolescent women who intended to become pregnant, as majority of research examines unintended adolescent pregnancies. The objective was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of Canadian adolescent women who intended to become pregnant. METHODS The analysis was based on the national 2006 Maternity Experiences Survey consisting of women who had a singleton live birth. The sample was restricted to adolescent women between 15 to 19 years of age. The main outcome of this study was the adolescent woman's pregnancy intention. A variety of sociodemographic, maternal, and pregnancy related factors were examined using a multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were reported for all variables. RESULTS The sample size was 290, weighted to represent 2224 adolescent women. Based on the adjusted model, the odds of experiencing an intended pregnancy were increased if the adolescent woman was between 18-19 years old (OR 2.62, 95 % CI 1.05, 6.57), had a partner (OR 2.37, 95 % CI 1.12, 4.99), experienced no violence/abuse (OR 3.08, 95 % CI 1.38, 6.86), and consumed no alcohol before pregnancy (OR 3.17, 95 % CI 1.56, 6.45). Additionally, adolescent women who reported drug use prior to pregnancy were more likely to have an intended pregnancy (OR 0.39, 95 % CI 0.16, 0.95). CONCLUSION The findings from this study can be used as the basis for future research to investigate the characteristics and needs represented by this group of adolescents and to aid in the development of effective policies and programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth S Sekharan
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3.
| | - Theresa H M Kim
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3.
| | - Elizaveta Oulman
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3.
| | - Hala Tamim
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3.
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Harrison ME, Clarkin C, Worth K, Norris ML, Rohde K. But We’re Not Like the People on TV: A Qualitative Examination of How Media Messages are Perceived by Pregnant and Parenting Youth. Matern Child Health J 2015; 20:684-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-015-1868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rosenthal L, Earnshaw VA, Lewis TT, Reid AE, Lewis JB, Stasko EC, Tobin JN, Ickovics JR. Changes in experiences with discrimination across pregnancy and postpartum: age differences and consequences for mental health. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:686-93. [PMID: 24922166 PMCID: PMC4264991 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.301906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to contribute to growing research and theory suggesting the importance of examining patterns of change over time and critical life periods to fully understand the effects of discrimination on health, with a focus on the period of pregnancy and postpartum and mental health outcomes. METHODS We used hierarchical linear modeling to examine changes across pregnancy and postpartum in everyday discrimination and the resulting consequences for mental health among predominantly Black and Latina, socioeconomically disadvantaged young women who were receiving prenatal care in New York City. RESULTS Patterns of change in experiences with discrimination varied according to age. Among the youngest participants, discrimination increased from the second to third trimesters and then decreased to lower than the baseline level by 1 year postpartum; among the oldest participants, discrimination decreased from the second trimester to 6 months postpartum and then returned to the baseline level by 1 year postpartum. Within-subjects changes in discrimination over time predicted changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms at subsequent points. Discrimination more strongly predicted anxiety symptoms among participants reporting food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a life course approach to understanding the impact of experiences with discrimination on health and when to intervene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rosenthal
- Lisa Rosenthal is with the Psychology Department, Pace University, New York, NY. Valerie A. Earnshaw, Jessica B. Lewis, and Jeannette R. Ickovics are with the Yale School of Public Health and the Yale Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT. Tené T. Lewis is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Allecia E. Reid is with the Psychology Department, Colby College, Waterville, ME. Emily C. Stasko is with the Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Jonathan N. Tobin is with the Clinical Directors Network, New York, NY
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Torres DD. Growth curve analyses of the relationship between early maternal age and children's mathematics and reading performance. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2015; 50:343-366. [PMID: 25592941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the methods used to examine the early maternal age-child academic outcomes relationship, the extant literature has tended to examine change using statistical analyses that fail to appreciate that individuals vary in their rates of growth. Of the one study I have been able to find that employs a true growth model to estimate this relationship, the authors only controlled for characteristics of the maternal household after family formation; confounding background factors of mothers that might select them into early childbearing, a possible source of bias, were ignored. The authors' findings nonetheless suggested an inverse relationship between early maternal age, i.e., a first birth between the ages of 13 and 17, and Canadian adolescents' mean math performance at age 10. Early maternal age was not related to the linear slope of age. To elucidate whether the early maternal age-child academic outcomes association, treated in a growth context, is consistent with this finding, the present study built on it using US data and explored children's mathematics and reading trajectories from age 5 on. Its unique contribution is that it further explicitly controlled for maternal background factors and employed a three-level growth model with repeated measures of children nested within their mothers. Though the strength of the relationship varied between mean initial academic performance and mean academic growth, results confirmed that early maternal age was negatively related to children's mathematics and reading achievement, net of post-teen first birth child-specific and maternal household factors. Once maternal background factors were included, there was no statistically significant relationship between early maternal age and either children's mean initial mathematics and reading scores or their mean mathematics and reading growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Diego Torres
- Houston Education Research Consortium, Kinder Institute for Urban Research, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-28, Houston, TX 77005, United States.
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Hall KS, Kusunoki Y, Gatny H, Barber J. Social discrimination, stress, and risk of unintended pregnancy among young women. J Adolesc Health 2015; 56:330-7. [PMID: 25586228 PMCID: PMC4339533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior research linking young women's mental health to family planning outcomes has often failed to consider their social circumstances and the intersecting biosocial mechanisms that shape stress and depression as well as reproductive outcomes during adolescence and young adulthood. We extend our previous work to investigate relationships between social discrimination, stress and depression symptoms, and unintended pregnancy among adolescent and young adult women. METHODS Data were drawn from 794 women aged 18-20 years in a longitudinal cohort study. Baseline and weekly surveys assessed psychosocial information including discrimination (Everyday Discrimination Scale), stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale), and reproductive outcomes. Multilevel, mixed-effects logistic regression and discrete-time hazard models estimated associations between discrimination, mental health, and pregnancy. Baron and Kenny's method was used to test mediation effects of stress and depression on discrimination and pregnancy. RESULTS The mean discrimination score was 19/45 points; 20% reported moderate/high discrimination. Discrimination scores were higher among women with stress and depression symptoms versus those without symptoms (21 vs. 18 points for both, p < .001). Pregnancy rates (14% overall) were higher among women with moderate/high (23%) versus low (11%) discrimination (p < .001). Discrimination was associated with stress (adjusted relative risk ratio, [aRR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.4), depression (aRR, 2.4; CI, 1.5-3.7), and subsequent pregnancy (aRR, 1.8; CI, 1.1-3.0). Stress and depression symptoms did not mediate discrimination's effect on pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Discrimination was associated with an increased risk of mental health symptoms and unintended pregnancy among these young women. The interactive social and biological influences on reproductive outcomes during adolescence and young adulthood warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Stidham Hall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Social Research, Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Yasamin Kusunoki
- Institute for Social Research, Population Studies and Survey, Research Centers, University of Michigan
| | - Heather Gatny
- Institute for Social Research, Population Studies and Survey, Research Centers, University of Michigan
| | - Jennifer Barber
- Department of Sociology; Institute for Social Research, Population Studies and Survey Research Centers, University of Michigan
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Weed K, Nicholson JS. Differential social evaluation of pregnant teens, teen mothers and teen fathers by university students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2015; 20:1-16. [PMID: 25632168 PMCID: PMC4299545 DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2014.963630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth may be particularly attuned to social evaluation during the teen years with implications for physical and mental health. Negative attitudes and stereotypes constitute an important type of social evaluative threat. Pregnant and parenting teens not only encounter challenges associated with their early transition to parenthood, but also are confronted with unfavourable attitudes of others. A university sample of 255 men and women responded to surveys targeting their feelings and beliefs about pregnant teens, teen mothers and teen fathers. Teen mothers were generally perceived more positively than pregnant teens who were perceived more positively compared to teen fathers. Social evaluations were generally unrelated to respondents' sex or race, but respondents who had contact with a friend or family member who had experienced a teen pregnancy were selectively more positive, as were freshmen compared to seniors. Risks attributed to early childbearing may be exacerbated by negative social evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Weed
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken, SC, USA
| | - Jody S. Nicholson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Taylor C, Mills A, Schmied V, Dahlen H, Shuiringa W, Hudson ME. What works to engage young parents into services? Findings from an appreciative inquiry workshop. Contemp Nurse 2014. [DOI: 10.5172/conu.2012.42.2.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Harville EW, Madkour AS, Xie Y. Parent-child relationships, parental attitudes towards sex, and birth outcomes among adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2014; 27:287-93. [PMID: 25023982 PMCID: PMC4160400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine how parent-child relationships, parental control, and parental attitudes towards sex were related to pregnancy outcomes among adolescent mothers. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. Parental report of relationship satisfaction, disapproval of adolescent having sex, discussion around sexual health, and sexual communication attitudes, and adolescent report of relationship satisfaction, parental control, and parental disapproval of sex were examined as predictors of self-reported birth outcomes. Weighted multivariable linear regression models were run incorporating interactions by race. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS 632 females who participated in Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally-representative sample of students enrolled in grades 7-12 in 1994-95 and followed up in 2007-2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Birthweight and gestational age. RESULTS For Black adolescents, better parent-child relationship was associated with higher birthweight (0.14 kg, P < .05) and gestational age (0.75 weeks, P < .01), while higher parental disapproval of having sex (adjusted beta 0.15 kg, P < .05) were associated with higher birthweight. For non-Black adolescents, a moderate amount of discussion of birth control was associated with higher birthweight (0.19 kg, P < .01 and lower child-perceived parental disapproval of having sex was associated with higher birthweight (0.08 kg, P < .05) and gestational age (0.37 weeks, P < .05). Higher parental control was associated with a reduced likelihood of smoking during pregnancy and a greater likelihood of early prenatal care. CONCLUSION Parent-child relationships and attitudes about sex affect outcomes of pregnant adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine.
| | - Aubrey Spriggs Madkour
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Yiqiong Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
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Ntinda K, Mpofu E, Bender B, Moagi S. Botswana school child parents: their personal and community relationships contexts for counselling. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2014.939944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Maternal experiences with everyday discrimination and infant birth weight: a test of mediators and moderators among young, urban women of color. Ann Behav Med 2014; 45:13-23. [PMID: 22927016 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial/ethnic disparities in birth weight persist within the USA. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine the association between maternal everyday discrimination and infant birth weight among young, urban women of color as well as mediators (depressive symptoms, pregnancy distress, and pregnancy symptoms) and moderators (age, race/ethnicity, and attributions of discrimination) of this association. METHODS A total of 420 women participated (14-21 years old; 62 % Latina, 38 % Black), completing measures of everyday discrimination and moderators during their second trimester of pregnancy and mediators during their third trimester. Birth weight was primarily recorded from medical record review. RESULTS Path analysis demonstrated that everyday discrimination was associated with lower birth weight. Depressive symptoms mediated this relationship, and no tested factors moderated this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Given the association between birth weight and health across the lifespan, it is critical to reduce discrimination directed at young, urban women of color so that all children can begin life with greater promise for health.
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Perry RCW, Braun RA, Cantu M, Dudovitz RN, Sheoran B, Chung PJ. Associations among text messaging, academic performance, and sexual behaviors of adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2014; 84:33-39. [PMID: 24320150 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Text messaging is an increasingly common mode of communication, especially among adolescents, and frequency of texting may be a measure of one's sociability. This study examined how text messaging ("texting") frequency and academic performance are associated with adolescent sexual behaviors. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered to students at a public charter high school in Los Angeles County, CA. Two hundred fifty-six high school students aged 14-20 years participated. Outcome measures were history of vaginal sex, condom use, and worries about pregnancy. The main predictors were text messaging frequency and self-reported academic performance. RESULTS In general, students with lower grades were more likely to have had vaginal sex. Greater texting frequency, however, was associated with vaginal sex only among students with higher grades. In addition, despite similar rates of condom use, sexually active students who both had good grades and texted frequently were more likely than others to have thought they or their partner might be pregnant. CONCLUSIONS The association between texting and sexual behaviors may vary based on adolescent's academic performance. Adolescent sexual health interventions may benefit from using a combination of sociability measures (such as texting frequency) and academic performance as risk predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C W Perry
- Medical Director, , Los Angeles County Department of Health services, Juvenile Court Health Services,1925 Daly St., 1st floor, Los Angeles, CA 90031
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Nesbitt SA, Campbell KA, Jack SM, Robinson H, Piehl K, Bogdan JC. Canadian adolescent mothers' perceptions of influences on breastfeeding decisions: a qualitative descriptive study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2012; 12:149. [PMID: 23234260 PMCID: PMC3534235 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-12-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increased recognition of the importance of breastfeeding at a national level as evidenced by the increased number of Canadian mothers initiating breastfeeding. However, adolescent mothers (<19 years), compared to all other mothers, have lower rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration. The purpose of this study was to examine the facilitating influences and barriers to initiating, and continuing breastfeeding, as perceived by adolescent mothers in Durham Region, Ontario, Canada. METHODS The principles of interpretive description guided this qualitative study. A purposeful, homogenous sample of 16 adolescent mothers (15-19 years) were recruited to complete individual, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. Conventional content analysis was used to code data, identify concepts and synthesize them into overall themes. RESULTS Adolescent mothers in this study expressed that the decision to breastfeed was made prenatally and while partner and family member opinions about breastfeeding initiation were influential, the decision was made independently. Mothers were primarily motivated to initiate breastfeeding due to the health benefits for the infant. Lower breastfeeding duration rates were found among mothers who decided to only "try" breastfeeding when compared to the mothers who committed to breastfeeding. Influences on continued breastfeeding included: 1) the impact of breastfeeding on social and intimate relationships; 2) the availability of social support; 3) the physical demands of breastfeeding; 4) mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding practices and benefits; and 5) mothers' perceived sense of comfort in breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide health care providers new conceptual insight and understanding of the factors that influence adolescents' decisions to "try" breastfeeding and to continue providing breastmilk to their infants. Professional implications drawn from this study include active engagement of adolescents in the pre and postnatal periods, including early assessment of potential barriers surrounding breastfeeding decisions. This early professional interaction highlights the professional as a form of support, and allows for sharing of evidence-informed breastfeeding information and practical breastfeeding skills. Inclusion of adolescents' positive social support networks should be emphasized in professional breastfeeding support. Motivational interviewing is a promising prenatal strategy to influence behavior change and reduce ambivalence in decision-making about breastfeeding, creating opportunities for health care providers to tailor interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A Nesbitt
- Durham Regional Health Department, 605 Rossland Road East, Whitby, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen A Campbell
- Durham Regional Health Department, 605 Rossland Road East, Whitby, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M Jack
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Robinson
- Durham Regional Health Department, 605 Rossland Road East, Whitby, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen Piehl
- Durham Regional Health Department, 605 Rossland Road East, Whitby, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janice C Bogdan
- Durham Regional Health Department, 605 Rossland Road East, Whitby, Ontario, Canada
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Campos ACS, Barbieri M, Torloni MR, Guazzelli CAF. Does motherhood affect the quality of life of adolescents? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012; 25:380-3. [PMID: 23095529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Assess the quality of life (QOL) of female adolescents with children compared to those without children. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Public university-affiliated family planning clinic, São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS 91 female adolescents (16-19 years) of low socio-economic status with and without children. INTERVENTIONS The Portuguese version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used. OUTCOME MEASURES Mean scores of the 4 main domains were compared between adolescents with and without children. RESULTS Both mothers (N = 40) and nonmothers (N = 51) had low mean scores (<75%) in most of the QOL domains. Compared to adolescents without children, adolescent mothers scored significantly lower in the physical (52.1 vs 59.4, P = .0137) and social (66.9 vs 77.3, P = .0182) domains. CONCLUSION Adolescent mothers have a significantly lower quality of life in the physical and in the social relationships domains than nonmothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C S Campos
- São Paulo Federal University School of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
This study examines predictors of drinking during pregnancy among first-time mothers, in order to distinguish those in need of targeted screening and intervention. Data from the prenatal panel of the Parenting for the First Time study were used in hierarchical linear regressions to determine likelihood of prenatal alcohol consumption among a sample of 645 women. African-American women and those of race/ethnicities other than White were less likely to drink, regardless of age or level of education. Among all women, being in school was associated with abstention (P = 0.05). Among teens, endorsing a perception of feeling "pushed around" was a significant indicator of prenatal alcohol consumption (P = 0.05), as was not having plans for infant feeding shortly before delivery (P = 0.05). Among adults with some level of college education, having a first prenatal visit after the fourth month of pregnancy was a significant predictor of drinking (P = 0.01). This study indicates that women who evidence behaviors or attitudes indicating an ego-dystonic pregnancy (one that is psychologically or emotionally uncomfortable), may be more likely to self-medicate and cope via avoidance through drinking. These behaviors and attitudes may be indicators of the need for targeted screening and intervention, as well as indicators of underlying problems to be targeted in treatment. Further, among all women for whom continued education is a possibility, retaining the ability to attend school during the pregnancy can be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy L O'Brien
- Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA.
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