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Turner N, Deng C, Granger S, Wingate TG, Shafqat R, Dueck PM. Young workers and safety: A critical review and future research agenda. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 83:79-95. [PMID: 36481039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on young worker safety often relies on inconsistent definitions of young workers and poorly delineated indicators of occupational safety. This review aims to reconcile these fundamental issues by critically integrating research across disciplines and providing clear directions for future research on young worker safety. METHOD We critically review the extant research on young worker safety. RESULTS We first reconcile the inconsistent definitions of young workers and specify the indicators of occupational safety used in young worker safety research. We next describe the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of these injuries among young workers and then outline other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to workplace injuries. Finally, we discuss the convergence of many of these issues on family farms-a context commonly studied in young worker safety research. CONCLUSIONS Clearer definitions of young workers and indicators of occupational safety can improve the interpretation and comparability of extant research findings. Furthermore, the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of injury among young workers are subject to the interactions among age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics. Other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to injury include young workers' responses to hazardous work, individual differences stemming from young workers' biological and psychological development, managerial attitudes about young workers, and the limited safety training young workers are thus provided, the types of work that young workers typically perform, and the range of social influences on young workers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Safety campaigns and safety training should consider interactions among young workers' age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics, rather than considering these features independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Connie Deng
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Steve Granger
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Timothy G Wingate
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Rabeel Shafqat
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul M Dueck
- Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Canada
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Shankar V, Runyan CW, Harpin SB, Lewko J. Perspectives of parents of working adolescents in Ontario, Canada. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:323. [PMID: 33563252 PMCID: PMC7871646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than half of adolescents have jobs in summer or sometime during the year. While employers are ultimately responsible for their safety, parents are often important in helping their children navigate the work environment. Our study examines the attitudes, beliefs and types of involvement parents have in their children’s work. Methods We modeled a telephone survey of 507 English-speaking parents of working adolescents in Ontario, Canada on a US study and examined their perspectives, comparing to earlier findings from the U.S. parents. Results Most Ontario parents helped their teens consider questions to ask about work, for example, work hours (90.7%) and job tasks (78.2%) and fewer about workplace safety (57.9%). Parents overall were concerned about their teens, especially younger teens, getting behind on schoolwork (69.3%), being rushed on the job (60.1%) and doing hazardous tasks (58.3%) or working alone (51.9%), or being at work during a robbery (74.5%). Parents of 14–17-year-old daughters were more concerned about their child being assaulted than were parents of sons (62.4% vs. 51.4%), particularly if the teen was in the 18–19 age group (74.3% vs. 52.5%). Half the parents indicated 10–19 h per week was the right amount of work time for their teen, and most agreed that laws should limit the number of hours of youth work. Conclusions Overall, Ontario parents appear to be more concerned about the safety and also more involved in the work of their adolescent children than U.S. parents previously surveyed. Parents are engaged with their children about their work and may serve as valuable assets to helping to advocate for safe work policies and environments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10377-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Shankar
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Block Building Rm 315, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Carol W Runyan
- Department of Epidemiology and Program for Injury Prevention, Education and Research, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Scott B Harpin
- University of Colorado College of Nursing, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John Lewko
- School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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Pek S, Turner N, Tucker S, Kelloway EK, Morrish J. Injunctive safety norms, young worker risk-taking behaviors, and workplace injuries. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 106:202-210. [PMID: 28641090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Injunctive safety norms (ISNs) refer to perceptions of others' expectations of one's safety-related conduct. Drawing on a sample of Canadian young workers (n=11,986;M age=17.90years; 55% males), we study the relationships among four sources of non-work-related (i.e., parents, siblings, friends, teachers), two sources of work-related (i.e., supervisors, co-workers) ISNs, young workers' self-reported work-related risk-taking behaviors, and workplace injuries. Structural equation modeling suggests that ISNs from parents, supervisors, and co-workers were related to less frequent work-related risk-taking behaviors, and with fewer workplace injuries via less frequent work-related risk-taking behaviors. In addition, ISNs from supervisors were directly associated with fewer workplace injuries. In contrast, ISNs from teachers and siblings were not associated with work-related risk-taking behaviors, but ISNs from siblings were associated with fewer work injuries. Finally, ISNs from friends were associated with more frequent work-related risk-taking and more frequent work injuries via more frequent work-related risk-taking. This study draws attention to the relative roles of non-work sources of social influence and provides some evidence of how ISNs might be related to young workers' work-related risk-taking behaviors and their workplace injuries. It also contributes to practice by suggesting specific interventions that parents, supervisors, and co-workers could undertake to reduce young workers' work-related risk-taking and workplace injuries, namely encouraging youth to be safe at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pek
- Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Canada.
| | - Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Sean Tucker
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Regina, Canada
| | | | - Jayne Morrish
- Jack and Nora Walker Canadian Centre for Lifespan Development Research, Brock University, Canada
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Nilsson K. Parents' Attitudes to Risk and Injury to Children and Young People on Farms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158368. [PMID: 27362751 PMCID: PMC4928838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children and young people growing up in a farm environment run a greater risk of being injured or dying in an accident than their non-farming counterparts. This study examines farming parents' attitudes and experiences of having their children grow up on farms, one of the most dangerous work environments as their home, everyday environment and playground. METHOD Data were collected using two ethnological methods, a question list and interviews, with a study population of 20 parents. The data were analysed phenomenologically. RESULTS The analysis pursued four themes: i) the most dangerous places and situations on the farm; ii) children's tasks on the farm; iii) children as a safety risk on the farm; and iv) farm risk education for children. CONCLUSIONS Most parents know the risks on their farm, but are sometimes careless when working under stress or exhaustion. Some parents wanted more information and some wanted compulsory preventative or safety measures by manufacturers, e.g. a safety belt as standard on the extra seat in tractors. Children's friends were described as one of the greatest risks for injury due to peer pressure. Some parents mentioned that people who grow up on farms are sometimes 'blind' to the dangers. Other parents seemed to overlook the risks and had their children carrying out tasks for which they were not mentally or physically equipped. Some of the tasks the children reportedly carried out on farms contravened Swedish legislation. It is thus important for farming parents to be repeatedly reminded of the risks to their children and to increase their awareness of how to prevent and eliminate risks in order to avoid accidents on the farm. The situation for farm children is highlighted in a critical discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Nilsson
- Department of Work Science, Economic & Environmental Psychology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zierold KM. Perceptions of Supervision Among Injured and Non-Injured Teens Working in the Retail or Service Industry. Workplace Health Saf 2015; 64:152-62. [PMID: 26563967 DOI: 10.1177/2165079915608858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), a teen is injured every 9 minutes at work. Workplace supervision may affect whether teens are injured on the job. Because research on workplace supervision among teens is limited, the objectives of this study were to characterize the perceptions of supervision among injured and non-injured teen workers and assess the characteristics and perceptions of supervisors that may be associated with work-related injuries. In 2011, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among high school students. Teens who worked in retail or service industries (n= 270) were included in the sample. Non-injured teens were more likely to have reported that their supervisors cared about their safety, were helpful, listened well, and ensured that teen workers understood workplace safety. Most teens (70%) did not feel comfortable talking about safety issues with their supervisors. The importance of supervision and how supervisors are perceived in the workplace may be significant in creating a safety culture that leaves a lasting impression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Zierold
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville
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Turner N, Tucker S, Kelloway EK. Prevalence and demographic differences in microaccidents and safety behaviors among young workers in Canada. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2015; 53:39-43. [PMID: 25933996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study examines the self-reported frequency of non-lost work time workplace injuries ("microaccidents") and the frequency of three types of work-related safety behaviors (i.e., safety voice, safety compliance, and safety neglect) recalled over a four-week period. METHOD We analyzed data on microaccidents and safety behaviors from 19,547 young workers (aged 15-25years, Mdn=18years; 55% male) from multiple Canadian provinces. RESULTS Approximately one-third of all young workers recalled experiencing at least one microaccident at work in the last four weeks. Comparisons across three age groups revealed that younger workers, particularly between the ages of 15-18, reported more frequent microaccidents, less safety voice, less safety compliance, and more safety neglect than workers aged 19-22. This pattern of results also held for comparisons between workers in 19-22 and 23-25 age groups, except for safety voice which did not differ between these two older age groups. In terms of gender, males and females reported the same frequency of microaccidents, but males reported more safety voice, more safety compliance, and more safety neglect than females did. The results and limitations of the present study are discussed. CONCLUSION Frequency of microaccidents and safety behavior vary among young worker age sub-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Sean Tucker
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Regina, Canada.
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PATERSON JL, CLARKSON L, RAINBIRD S, ETHERTON H, BLEWETT V. Occupational fatigue and other health and safety issues for young Australian workers: an exploratory mixed methods study. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2015; 53:293-9. [PMID: 25752253 PMCID: PMC4466880 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Youth are vulnerable to sleep loss and fatigue due to biological, social and psychological factors. However, there are few studies addressing the risk that sleep loss and fatigue pose for youth in the workplace. The aim of this study was to explore work health and safety (WHS) issues for young workers and develop strategies and solutions for improved WHS outcomes, with a focus on issues related to fatigue, using a mixed-method, multi-stage approach. Participants either completed a survey (n=212) or took part in focus groups (n=115) addressing WHS for young workers, or attended a Future Inquiry Workshop (n=29) where strategies for improving youth WHS were developed. Fatigue was identified as a significant problem by the majority of young workers and was associated with unpredictable working time arrangements, precarious employment, high workload, working overtime and limited ability to self-advocate. Participants identified six key areas for action to improve WHS outcomes for young workers; 1) develop expertise, 2) give young workers a voice, 3) improve education and training, 4) build stakeholder engagement, 5) increase employer awareness of WHS responsibilities and, 6) improve processes for employers to manage and monitor WHS outcomes. The application of these directives to fatigue is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophia RAINBIRD
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University,
Australia
| | - Hayley ETHERTON
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University,
Australia
| | - Verna BLEWETT
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University,
Australia
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Perla ME, Iman E, Campos L, Perkins A, Liebman AK, Miller ME, Beaudet NJ, Karr CJ. Agricultural occupational health and safety perspectives among Latino-American youth. J Agromedicine 2015; 20:167-77. [PMID: 25906275 PMCID: PMC5798607 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2015.1010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural work is one of the most dangerous jobs for adolescents. Through a university-community partnership, the authors surveyed young primarily acculturated Latino-American farmworkers 14 to 18 years of age regarding their agricultural work experience. Topics included occupational health and safety education, work history, and information sources. The authors also evaluated the Rapid Clinical Assessment Tool (RCAT), a pictorial tool for identifying agricultural tasks to enhance discussion with clinical providers. One hundred forty youth with farmwork experience completed the survey; 6% reported a previous work-related injury or illness and 53% reported receiving some workplace health and safety training. Correct identification of legally restricted duties for youth varied but were generally low: participants identified working alone past 8 pm (57%), driving a forklift (56%), doing roofing work (39%), working in freezers (34%), and driving a delivery vehicle (30%). The Internet was identified as the most likely and reliable place youth would go to find information on workplace health and safety. Few (15%) reported clinician-initiated conversations on occupational health; however, a high proportion responded positively to questions regarding the usefulness of the RCAT for this purpose. This study highlights the need for workplace health and safety guidance for youth employed in agriculture. The results support Internet-based outreach and use of the RCAT to help facilitate occupational health discussions in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Perla
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Northwest Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Alexandra Perkins
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Northwest Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amy K. Liebman
- Environmental/Occupational Health, Migrant Clinicians Network, Salisbury, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary E. Miller
- Department of Labor and Industries, Washington State, Tumwater, Washington, USA
| | - Nancy J. Beaudet
- Northwest Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Northwest Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Usher AM, Breslin C, MacEachen E, Koehoorn M, Laberge M, Laberge L, Ledoux É, Wong I. Employment and work safety among 12 to 14 year olds: listening to parents. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1021. [PMID: 25270607 PMCID: PMC4196134 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survey research indicates that a surprising number of 12 to 14 year olds in North America engage in some form of paid work, and work-related injuries for this age group are reported at rates similar to older teens. Parents exhibit significant involvement in many aspects of their teens' work and may influence perceptions of work safety, yet few studies have explored this phenomenon from a qualitative perspective with parents of working 12 to 14 year olds. METHODS This paper focuses on parental perceptions and understandings of work safety based on focus groups conducted with urban Canadian parents of young teens who work for pay. Parents discussed the types of job held by their 12 to 14 year olds, the perceived costs and benefits to working at this age, and their understanding of risk and supervision on the job. A grounded theory approach was used to thematically analyze the focus group transcripts. RESULTS Parents in this study held favourable attitudes towards their 12 to 14 year olds' working. Parents linked pro-social moral values and skills such as responsibility, work ethic, time management, and financial literacy with their young teen's employment experience. Risks and drawbacks were generally downplayed or discounted. Perceptions of workplace safety were mitigated by themes of trust, familiarity, sense of being in control and having discretion over their 12 to 14 year olds' work situation. Further, parental supervision and monitoring fell along a continuum, from full parental responsibility for monitoring to complete trust and delegation of supervision to the workplace. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that positive parental attitudes towards working overshadow occupational health and safety concerns. Parents may discount potential hazards based on the presence of certain mitigating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Curtis Breslin
- Institute for Work and Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Rauscher KJ, Wegman DH, Wooding J, Davis L, Junkin R. Adolescent Work Quality. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558412467676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent employment is commonly valued in the United States for its ability to promote youths’ positive psychosocial development. Empirical research, however, suggests the extent to which youth reap such benefits from work is largely a function of work’s quality. This study investigated adolescent work quality by examining the extent to which characteristics associated with positive or negative psychosocial outcomes are found in the jobs adolescents hold today. Our findings from surveys and interviews with working youth show that contemporary adolescent jobs provide at least moderate levels of the characteristics that promote positive psychosocial outcomes and some of those that promote negative outcomes. Adolescent jobs have the greatest capacity to encourage positive psychosocial development by providing opportunities for youth to be helpful and, to a lesser extent, to be around supportive others and to learn new things. Improvements in other areas of work quality are needed to maximize work’s potential to contribute positively to adolescent psychosocial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J. Rauscher
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, WVU Injury Control Research Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - David H. Wegman
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - John Wooding
- Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Letitia Davis
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rozelinda Junkin
- West Virginia University, Injury Control Research Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Yang J, O'Gara E, Cheng G, Kelly KM, Ramirez M, Burmeister LF, Merchant JA. At what age should children engage in agricultural tasks? J Rural Health 2012; 28:372-9. [PMID: 23083083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2012.00412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared parents' perceived-as-appropriate ages with actual-performance ages for their children engaging in selected agricultural tasks or practices, and we examined the factors associated with age discrepancy. METHODS We analyzed data from the Keokuk County Rural Health Study collected among parents of children age 17 or younger. Parents were interviewed separately regarding the age of their children's involvement in 14 selected agricultural tasks and their opinions about appropriate age of involvement. FINDINGS Of the 264 families included, 86.5% with a son and 69.8% with a daughter reported having children involved in at least 1 of 14 selected agricultural tasks. The average actual-performance ages for children to be involved in any of the tasks were younger than those that parents perceived appropriate. Furthermore, in 6 of the 9 North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks (NAGCAT) that we assessed, parents' perceived-as-appropriate ages were younger than minimum ages recommended by the NAGCAT. Driving an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) was the most common task with actual-performance age younger than the NAGCAT-recommended age; 53.0% of boys (n = 106) and 36.1% of girls (n = 61) did so under the recommended age. Boys and children who live on a farm, or whose parents have been or are farmers, were significantly more likely to perform agricultural tasks at earlier ages. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest farm parents and other rural stakeholders need to be better educated and encouraged to follow the NAGCAT guidelines, and that multilevel interventions need to be developed to ensure protection of children from agricultural injury and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yang
- University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, Iowa IA 52242, USA.
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12
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Zierold KM, Appana S, Anderson HA. Working for mom and dad: are teens more likely to get injured working in family-owned businesses? J Community Health 2012; 37:186-94. [PMID: 21717209 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-011-9435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent controversy regarding the issue of children working in family-owned businesses has come to the forefront, pitting safety and health versus parent's right to teach their children the family trade. While studies have characterized injury among working teens, no studies have assessed work and injury among teens employed in family-owned businesses. This study is the first to examine teenagers working in family-owned businesses and to compare the experiences of teens working in family-businesses to the experiences of other working teens. A questionnaire was distributed to 8,085 teens in high schools throughout the five public health regions of Wisconsin. A total of 6, 810 teens responded (84%). Overall 2,858 high school teens aged 14-17 reported working (42%); of which 963 (34%) worked in a family-business. Teens working in family-businesses were more likely to report that their injury was severe, affecting their activities for more than three days, compared with other working teens (33% vs. 21%, P = 0.05). The percentage of teens working in family-businesses that reported broken bones or crushed body parts was 17% compared to only 5% of other-working teens. Additionally, teens employed in family-businesses were more likely to file for workers' compensation (28% vs. 12%, P = 0.005). Teens working in family-owned businesses may be at a greater risk for more severe injury based on the jobs and tasks they are doing. Teens working in family-owned businesses were more likely to report engaging in dangerous tasks, including some that are illegal under the Hazardous Occupation Orders. More research is needed to assess the dynamics that exist for teens working in family-owned businesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Zierold
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Miller ME. Historical Background of the Child Labor Regulations: Strengths and Limitations of the Agricultural Hazardous Occupations Orders. J Agromedicine 2012; 17:163-85. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2012.660434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Castillo DN. Parents: an under-realized resource for protecting working adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2011; 49:5-6. [PMID: 21700149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Parental involvement with their working teens. J Adolesc Health 2011; 49:84-6. [PMID: 21700162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents work in varied environments and are exposed to hazards. Parents of these working adolescents have an opportunity to help them select jobs and address worker safety issues with employers. The present study conducted telephonic interviews among a national sample of 922 working adolescents along with one parent of each to examine the involvement of parents in their children's employment and safety issues. Over 70% of parents were found who helped their children identify job opportunities, consider questions about work hours or tasks, fill out job applications, prepare for interviews, or handle difficult safety issues. Parents suggested stronger actions in response to hypothetical situations than when confronted with real problems. Mean level of parental involvement did not vary by the number of hazards reported by teen workers. Parents were involved in helping their teens with work. Further research should explore how to enhance parental effectiveness by making work safe for teens.
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Thamrin Y, Pisaniello D, Stewart S. Time trends and predictive factors for safety perceptions among incoming South Australian university students. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2010; 41:59-63. [PMID: 20226952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Young workers are over-represented in injury statistics. In order to develop injury prevention strategies, this study investigated time trends and predictive factors relating to safety skills, confidence, and attitudes. METHOD Annual surveys were conducted from 2006-2009 among incoming students at the University of Adelaide. The questions addressed safety training, injury experience, and health and safety perceptions. RESULTS Time trends in training, perceived safety skills, confidence, and attitudes were not significant. In terms of skills and confidence, the most important correlate was safety training outside of high school (odds ratio=1.6), especially when repeated, assessed, or in face to face mode. Feeling strongly about safety issues was best predicted by injury experience (OR=1.7) and gender. DISCUSSION These results emphasize the value of assessed training, but they are also consistent with published U.S. data, indicating no improvement over time. It is suggested that there be a more integrated approach in safety education, involving schools and workplaces. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY By developing an understanding of student safety perceptions and experiences, this research aims to target strategies to reduce the excess injury rate for young workers. Workplaces should be more aware of the limitations of school-based safety education and a more integrated and evidence-based approach should be developed, involving schools and workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Thamrin
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, the University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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