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Glenn D, Lau-Barraco C. An Application of the Stressor-Vulnerability Model of Drinking in College Student Drinkers. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1527-1536. [PMID: 38834969 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2360106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Background: The stressor vulnerability model provides theoretical support for conditions under which drinking to cope (DTC) is likely to occur (i.e., decreased adaptive coping, increased positive alcohol expectancies). However, research has only tested this model in a college sample reporting trauma. Generalizability to a non-trauma-specific sample college drinkers would support applications of the model and inferences about coping-related drinking across a broader group of young adults. Objectives: Our sample included 565 college student drinkers (Mage = 20.3 years; SDage = 2.0 years; 77.0% female; 54.2% White) from a large southeastern university. Mediation analyses examined DTC as a mediator between negative affect and alcohol-related outcomes (i.e., drinking quantity, drinking frequency, binge drinking frequency, and alcohol-related consequences). Moderated mediation models tested the influence of tension reduction expectancies and cognitive reappraisal on mediation pathways. Results: Drinking to cope was found to be a full mediator for associations between negative affect and drinking-related outcomes. For associations between negative affect and alcohol-related consequences, DTC was a partial mediator. For all alcohol outcomes, results indicated the mediation between negative affect and outcomes through DTC is strongest for individuals with greater cognitive reappraisal use. Positive alcohol expectancies did not moderate any indirect effects. Conclusions: Although cognitive reappraisal is typically considered an adaptive emotion regulation technique, our results suggest that this may not always be the case with drinking outcomes. Given our findings, further research is needed to discern the conditions wherein cognitive reappraisal may and may not be adaptive. This could be useful in informing interventions to reduce harmful DTC behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Glenn
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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2
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Intersectional stigma subgroup differences in unhealthy drinking and disordered marijuana use among Black and Latino cisgender sexual minority young men. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 241:109652. [PMID: 36332595 PMCID: PMC10082566 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated associations of intersectional stigma subgroups with alcohol and marijuana use among Black and Latino sexual minority young men. Subgroups included Minimal Stigma (low to no stigma), Select Social Stigma (occasional stigma in social relationships), Multiform Heterosexism (internalized and interpersonal heterosexism from family/friends), Multiform Racism (racism across diverse contexts), Compound Stigma (frequent, ubiquitous racism and heterosexism). METHODS Cohort of Black and Latino cisgender sexual minority young men (n = 414; baseline ages 16-25) surveyed semiannually 2016-2019. Generalized estimating equations integrated with latent class analysis modeled linear and quadratic age effects and association of stigma subgroups with past 6-month alcohol use, marijuana use, unhealthy drinking, and marijuana use disorder symptoms. RESULTS All past 6-month substance use peaked between ages 21-23 years old. Across all ages and relative to Minimal Stigma, odds of drinking were higher in every subgroup and highest in Compound Stigma (OR=2.72, 95% CI 1.17-6.35); unhealthy drinking was higher in every subgroup and highest in Multiform Heterosexism (β = 3.31, 95% CI 1.92-3.89); marijuana use disorder symptoms were higher in most subgroups and highest in Compound Stigma (β = 1.30, 95% CI 0.76-1.85). Marijuana use odds did not differ among groups. CONCLUSION By examining intersectional stigma subgroups, we identified subgroups for whom substance use was elevated during a development period when use tends to be highest. Young men experiencing stigma patterns characterized primarily by heterosexism or heterosexism together with racism may be especially at risk for developing unhealthy drinking behaviors and marijuana use disorder symptoms.
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del V. Vera B, Carmona-Márquez J, González-Ponce BM, Fernández-Calderón F. Peer drinking and alcohol use. The role of risk perception, perceived vulnerability, and gender: a moderated moderation analyses. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belén del V. Vera
- Faculty of Psychology, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Institute of Psychological Research, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José Carmona-Márquez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Fermín Fernández-Calderón
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Cadigan JM, Dworkin ER, Ramirez JJ, Lee CM. Patterns of alcohol use and marijuana use among students at 2- and 4-year institutions. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:383-390. [PMID: 29979925 PMCID: PMC6320719 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1484362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to understand substance use patterns of alcohol, marijuana, and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use among 2- and 4-year college students. Participants: Participants were 526 young adults aged 18-23 (n = 355 4-year students; n = 171 2-year students) recruited from February 2015 to January 2016 who were participating in a larger longitudinal study. Methods: Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify past-month classes of alcohol, marijuana, and SAM use. Results: Among both 2- and 4-year students, a four-class solution yielded the best-fitting model, with 2-year classes tending to include greater marijuana use and less alcohol use and 4-year classes tending to include heavy alcohol use. Demographic characteristics were largely similar across classes. Conclusions: Classes of alcohol, marijuana, and SAM use differed by education status. Screening and prevention efforts for 4-year students may need to be tailored for the needs of 2-year students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Cadigan
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Emily R Dworkin
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Jason J Ramirez
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
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Patrick ME, Veliz P, Linden-Carmichael A, Terry-McElrath YM. Alcohol mixed with energy drink use during young adulthood. Addict Behav 2018; 84:224-230. [PMID: 29734120 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AmED) use is associated with negative consequences including hazardous alcohol use and driving under the influence. While many studies have focused on correlates of AmED use among college samples, very few have examined patterns of AmED use during adolescence and young adulthood within the general population. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to assess age differences in AmED use among a national sample of respondents aged 18 to 30. METHODS The data for this study come from the Monitoring the Future panel study from 2012 to 2015. The sample consists of 2222 respondents between the ages of 18 and 30. Multiple logistic regression using generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to model past-year AmED prevalence across age and other covariates. RESULTS Nearly half (45.0%) of respondents indicated past-year AmED use at some point during the study period. The lowest prevalence rates were found at age 18 (25.9%) and the highest prevalence rates at age 21/22 (43.5%). GEE analyses indicated a statistically significant positive linear and negative quadratic trend with respect to the association between age of respondent and past-year AmED use. Namely, peak use occurred in early young adulthood (age 21/22 and 23/24) and then declined, reaching 32.0% by age 29/30. College attendance and several substance use behaviors at age 18 moderated these linear and quadratic age trends. CONCLUSIONS AmED use peaked rapidly in early young adulthood and declined into later young adulthood. Substance use during adolescence was associated with a higher incidence of AmED use across all young adult ages and a slower decline of AmED use after age 21/22. Several sociodemographic factors were associated with AmED use, particularly college attendance at the age of 21/22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA.
| | - Phil Veliz
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5482, USA
| | - Ashley Linden-Carmichael
- The Department of Biobehavioral Health, Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 303 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yvonne M Terry-McElrath
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA
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Rothman EF, Stuart GL, Temple JR, Heeren T. Alcohol, Marijuana, and Dating Abuse Perpetration by Young Adults: Results of a Daily Call Study. Violence Against Women 2018; 24:1187-1206. [DOI: 10.1177/1077801218781959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate same-day alcohol or marijuana use and dating abuse (DA) perpetration in a sample of 60 noncollege-attending young adults. Participants reported daily data for 3 months. DA perpetration was more likely on days when participants also reported alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.38, 3.42]), but analyses of the temporal order indicated that alcohol use was not a proximal predictor of DA. Same day marijuana use was not associated with elevated risk of DA perpetration (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = [0.89, 2.21]). Results suggest the alcohol–DA relationship may vary by sample and context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeff R. Temple
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Thomas NS, Adkins A, Aliev F, Edwards AC, Webb BT, Tiarsmith EC, Kendler KS, Dick DM, Chartier KG. Alcohol Metabolizing Polygenic Risk for Alcohol Consumption in European American College Students. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:627-634. [PMID: 30079879 PMCID: PMC6090104 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that the nature and magnitude of some genetic effects on alcohol use vary by age. We tested for moderation in the effect of an alcohol metabolizing polygenic score by time across the college years. METHOD Participants (total n = 2,214) were drawn from three cohorts of undergraduate college students, who were assessed annually for up to 4 years starting in their freshman year. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were calculated from genes involved in the metabolism of alcohol, as many of these markers are among the best replicated in association studies examining alcohol use phenotypes. Linear mixed effects models were fit by maximum likelihood to test the main effects of time and the PRS on alcohol consumption, as well as moderation of the PRS effect on alcohol consumption by time. RESULTS In the main effects model, the fixed effects for time and the PRS were positively associated with alcohol consumption. The interaction term testing moderation of the PRS effect by time reached statistical significance and remained statistically significant after other relevant interaction effects were controlled for. The main effect of the PRS accounted for 0.2% of the variance in alcohol consumption, whereas the interaction of PRS effect and time accounted for 0.05%. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol metabolizing genetic effects on alcohol use appear to be more influential in later years of college than in earlier years. Shifting environmental contexts, such as increased access to alcohol as individuals approach the legal age to purchase alcohol, may account for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S. Thomas
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Amy Adkins
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Fazil Aliev
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Turkey
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Bradley T. Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - E. Clare Tiarsmith
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Karen G. Chartier
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Lau-Barraco C, Braitman AL, Stamates AL. A Randomized Trial of a Personalized Feedback Intervention for Nonstudent Emerging Adult At-Risk Drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:781-794. [PMID: 29485676 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging adulthood is a period of heightened vulnerability for problematic alcohol use. Considerable research has been devoted to reducing alcohol risks in college student populations, although far less effort has focused on their noncollege-attending peers. Research targeting nonstudent emerging adults is critical as this group is at risk of experiencing alcohol-related harms. Consequently, the main objective of the present randomized study was to examine the preliminary efficacy of a brief personalized feedback intervention (PFI) tailored for nonstudent at-risk drinkers. We also examined the influence of gender on intervention outcomes. Finally, we explored participant acceptability of the intervention. METHODS Participants were 164 (65.9% men) emerging adults (M age = 21.98, SD = 2.02) recruited from the community. They were randomly assigned to either a 50-minute, in-person PFI or an assessment-only control group and were assessed over 9 months postintervention. RESULTS Results showed that for short-term change (1 month), the PFI condition reduced drinking significantly more than controls. For longer-term change (1 to 9 months), both conditions continued to show gradual decline in consumption. The groups did not differ in alcohol-related problems, and the intervention was equally effective for both women and men. Regarding acceptability, participants were extremely satisfied with the intervention, perceived the information to be personally relevant, and thought it provided them a new way of looking at their own drinking. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present research advanced knowledge regarding an understudied and at-risk group of drinkers. This is among one of the first randomized studies to evaluate a brief intervention tailored to the needs of nonstudent emerging adults based on prior formative research with this group. Our data support PFI as a promising intervention approach for nonstudent drinkers in the community. Ultimately, this line of research aims to reduce alcohol-related health disparities associated with inequities in education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Abby L Braitman
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Amy L Stamates
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
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9
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Fish JN, Pollitt AM, Schulenberg JE, Russell ST. Measuring alcohol use across the transition to adulthood: Racial/ethnic, sexual identity, and educational differences. Addict Behav 2018; 77:193-202. [PMID: 29055208 PMCID: PMC5701868 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patterns of alcohol use change from adolescence to adulthood and may differ based on race/ethnicity, sexual identity, and education. If alcohol use measures do not operate consistently across groups and developmental periods, parameter estimates and conclusions may be biased. OBJECTIVES To test the measurement invariance of a multi-item alcohol use measure across groups defined by race/ethnicity, sexual identity, and college education during the transition to adulthood. METHODS Using three waves from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we tested configural, metric, and scalar invariance of a 3-item alcohol use measure for groups defined by race/ethnicity, sexual identity, and college education at three points during the transition to adulthood. We then assessed longitudinal measurement invariance to test the feasibility of modeling developmental changes in alcohol use within groups defined by these characteristics. RESULTS Overall, findings confirm notable variability in the construct reliability of a multi-item alcohol use measure during the transition to adulthood. The alcohol use measure failed tests of metric and scalar invariance, increasingly across ages, both between- and within-groups defined by race/ethnicity, sexual identity, and college education, particularly among females. CONCLUSIONS Measurement testing is a critical step when utilizing multi-item measures of alcohol use. Studies that do not account for the effects of group or longitudinal measurement non-invariance may be statistically biased, such that recommendations for risk and prevention efforts could be misguided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Fish
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd St., Stop G1800, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
| | - Amanda M Pollitt
- Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Arizona, 650 N. Park Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721-0078, United States.
| | - John E Schulenberg
- Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, United States.
| | - Stephen T Russell
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop A2702, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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Fish JN, Pollitt AM, Schulenberg JE, Russell ST. Alcohol use from adolescence through early adulthood: an assessment of measurement invariance by age and gender. Addiction 2017; 112:1495-1507. [PMID: 28345169 PMCID: PMC5503754 DOI: 10.1111/add.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies on alcohol use and related constructs rarely test for measurement invariance to assess the reliability and validity of measures of alcohol use across different subpopulations of interest or ages. This failure to consider measurement invariance may result in biased parameter estimates and inferences. This study aimed to test measurement invariance of alcohol use across gender and age using a US nationally representative sample to inform future longitudinal studies assessing alcohol use. DESIGN The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a school-based, nationally representative longitudinal study conducted in 1994-95, 2001-02 and 2008. SETTING All regions within the United States; participants were selected via a clustered sample design from 80 high schools that represented the national population. PARTICIPANTS Youth and young adults aged 13-31 years who had valid data on all three alcohol items within wave: 18 923 from wave 1; 14 315 from wave 3; and 14 785 from wave 4. MEASUREMENTS Alcohol use measurement models were constructed using past-year general drinking frequency, heavy episodic drinking frequency and average quantity when drinking. Configural (factor structure), metric (factor loadings) and scalar (item intercepts) measurement invariance models were tested by gender and for each year of age from 13 to 31 years. FINDINGS All models passed the threshold for configural invariance. Comparisons between males and females demonstrated metric (and usually scalar) non-invariance for most ages beyond middle adolescence. Nearly all 1- and 2-year contrasts passed metric invariance. Scalar non-invariance was most prevalent in age comparisons between late adolescence and early adulthood, particularly for tests using 2-year age increments. CONCLUSIONS Studies that do not account for the effects of gender and age on the measurement of alcohol use may be statistically biased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Fish
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23 St., Stop G1800, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Amanda M. Pollitt
- Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, The University of Arizona, 650 N. Park Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721-0078
| | - John E. Schulenberg
- Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248
| | - Stephen T. Russell
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop A2702, Austin, TX, 78712
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Adolescents from upper middle class communities: Substance misuse and addiction across early adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 30:315-335. [PMID: 28558858 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this prospective study of upper middle class youth, we document frequency of alcohol and drug use, as well as diagnoses of abuse and dependence, during early adulthood. Two cohorts were assessed as high school seniors and then annually across 4 college years (New England Study of Suburban Youth younger cohort [NESSY-Y]), and across ages 23-27 (NESSY older cohort [NESSY-O]; ns = 152 and 183 at final assessments, respectively). Across gender and annual assessments, results showed substantial elevations, relative to norms, for frequency of drunkenness and using marijuana, stimulants, and cocaine. Of more concern were psychiatric diagnoses of alcohol/drug dependence: among women and men, respectively, lifetime rates ranged between 19%-24% and 23%-40% among NESSY-Os at age 26; and 11%-16% and 19%-27% among NESSY-Ys at 22. Relative to norms, these rates among NESSY-O women and men were three and two times as high, respectively, and among NESSY-Y, close to one among women but twice as high among men. Findings also showed the protective power of parents' containment (anticipated stringency of repercussions for substance use) at age 18; this was inversely associated with frequency of drunkenness and marijuana and stimulant use in adulthood. Results emphasize the need to take seriously the elevated rates of substance documented among adolescents in affluent American school communities.
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12
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Mulia N, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Witbrodt J, Bond J, Williams E, Zemore SE. Racial/ethnic differences in 30-year trajectories of heavy drinking in a nationally representative U.S. sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 170:133-141. [PMID: 27889594 PMCID: PMC5270645 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial/ethnic minorities bear a disproportionate burden of alcohol-related problems in the U.S. It is unknown whether this reflects harmful patterns of lifecourse heavy drinking. Prior research shows little support for the latter but has been limited to young samples. We examine racial/ethnic differences in heavy drinking trajectories from ages 21 to 51. METHODS Data on heavy drinking (6+ drinks/occasion) are from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N=9468), collected between 1982 and 2012. Sex-stratified, generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model heavy drinking frequency trajectories as a function of age with a cubic curve, and interactions of race with age terms were tested to assess racial/ethnic differences. Models adjusted for time-varying socioeconomic status and marital and parenting status; predictors of trajectories were examined in race- and sex-specific models. RESULTS White men and women had similarly steep declines in heavy drinking frequency throughout the 20s, contrasting with slower declines (and lower peaks) in Black and Hispanic men and women. During the 30s there was a Hispanic-White crossover in men's heavy drinking curves, and a Black-White female crossover among lifetime heavy drinkers; by age 51, racial/ethnic group trajectories converged in both sexes. Greater education was protective for all groups. CONCLUSION Observed racial/ethnic crossovers in heavy drinking frequency following young adulthood might contribute to disparities in alcohol-related problems in middle adulthood, and suggest a need for targeted interventions during this period. Additionally, interventions that increase educational attainment may constitute an important strategy for reducing heavy drinking in all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mulia
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, CA, United States.
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Patrick ME, Terry-McElrath YM, Kloska DD, Schulenberg JE. High-Intensity Drinking Among Young Adults in the United States: Prevalence, Frequency, and Developmental Change. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1905-12. [PMID: 27488575 PMCID: PMC5008981 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is the first to examine the developmental course of high-intensity drinking (i.e., consuming 10+ drinks in a row) across late adolescence and the transition to adulthood. METHODS National longitudinal data (N = 3,718) from Monitoring the Future were used to examine trajectories of 10+ high-intensity drinking from age 18 through 25/26 overall and across sociodemographic subgroups; results were compared with similar analysis of 5+ binge drinking trajectories. RESULTS Results document that 10+ drinkers consume not just a greater quantity of alcohol on a given drinking occasion, but also engage in 5+ drinking more frequently than drinkers who do not report having 10 or more drinks. Developmental patterns for 10+ and 5+ drinking were similar, with peak frequencies reported at age 21/22. Greater peaks in both 10+ and 5+ drinking were documented among men and among college attenders, compared with women and nonattenders, respectively. However, there was a steeper decline in 10+ drinking after age 21/22, indicating that risk for consumption of 10 or more drinks in a row is more clearly focused on the early 20s. Patterns of developmental change in both behaviors were driven largely by college students: No significant age-related change in 10+ drinking was observed among men and women who did not go to college, and no significant age-related change in 5+ drinking was observed among female nonattenders. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the importance of recognizing high-intensity drinkers as a unique high-risk group, and that college attendance is associated with particularly strong peaks in the developmental course of high-intensity drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Patrick
- Corresponding Author. Megan E. Patrick, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248. Telephone 734-763-7107; Fax 734-936-0043;
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Lui CK, Chung PJ, Ford CL, Grella CE, Mulia N. Drinking behaviors and life course socioeconomic status during the transition from adolescence to adulthood among Whites and Blacks. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 76:68-79. [PMID: 25486395 PMCID: PMC4263782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine how socioeconomic status (SES) changes during the transition from adolescence into adulthood, and to understand the effects of SES on drinking behaviors in early adulthood among U.S. Whites and Blacks. METHOD Secondary data analysis was conducted using three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a school-based sample of adolescents (Grades 7-12) followed through adulthood (age range: 25-31 years). Through latent class analysis, SES was operationalized as economic (i.e., income, home ownership) and human capital (i.e., education, occupation). Drinking behavior was categorized into no past-year use, current drinking without weekly heavy episodic drinking (HED), and weekly HED. Models were stratified by race: Whites (n = 5,248) and Blacks (n = 1,875). RESULTS For Whites, four economic capital groups (persistently low, upward, downward, and persistently high) and five human capital groups (persistently low, upward with work, upward with school, downward with work, and persistently high) were found. Blacks had roughly similar SES groups as Whites but with lower economic and human capital levels across all groups and without downward groups in either domain. Among both Whites and Blacks, lower economic and human capital groups reported higher abstinence. Persistently low Blacks, however, reported higher HED, whereas persistently low Whites did not. Moreover, economically upward Whites reported lower HED, whereas upwardly mobile Blacks did not. CONCLUSIONS Racial disparities were evident by economic and human capital during the transition into adulthood. Although abstinence profiles were similar for Whites and Blacks, both persistently low and upward trajectory groups signified differential HED risks. Future research should examine the mechanisms by which SES trajectories affect drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillia K Lui
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul J Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Health Policy & Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California
- Children’s Discovery and Innovations Institute, Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chandra L Ford
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine E Grella
- UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nina Mulia
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
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