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Wall H, Hansson H, Zetterlind U, Kvillemo P, Elgán TH. Effectiveness of a Web-Based Individual Coping and Alcohol Intervention Program for Children of Parents With Alcohol Use Problems: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e52118. [PMID: 38598286 PMCID: PMC11043930 DOI: 10.2196/52118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children whose parents have alcohol use problems are at an increased risk of several negative consequences, such as poor school performance, an earlier onset of substance use, and poor mental health. Many would benefit from support programs, but the figures reveal that only a small proportion is reached by existing support. Digital interventions can provide readily accessible support and potentially reach a large number of children. Research on digital interventions aimed at this target group is scarce. We have developed a novel digital therapist-assisted self-management intervention targeting adolescents whose parents had alcohol use problems. This program aims to strengthen coping behaviors, improve mental health, and decrease alcohol consumption in adolescents. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a novel web-based therapist-assisted self-management intervention for adolescents whose parents have alcohol use problems. METHODS Participants were recruited on the internet from social media and websites containing health-related information about adolescents. Possible participants were screened using the short version of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test-6. Eligible participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n=101) or the waitlist control group (n=103), and they were unblinded to the condition. The assessments, all self-assessed, consisted of a baseline and 2 follow-ups after 2 and 6 months. The primary outcome was the Coping With Parents Abuse Questionnaire (CPAQ), and secondary outcomes were the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), and Ladder of Life (LoL). RESULTS For the primary outcome, CPAQ, a small but inconclusive treatment effect was observed (Cohen d=-0.05 at both follow-up time points). The intervention group scored 38% and 46% lower than the control group on the continuous part of the AUDIT-C at the 2- and 6-month follow-up, respectively. All other between-group comparisons were inconclusive at either follow-up time point. Adherence was low, as only 24% (24/101) of the participants in the intervention group completed the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The findings were inconclusive for the primary outcome but demonstrate that a digital therapist-assisted self-management intervention may contribute to a reduction in alcohol consumption. These results highlight the potential for digital interventions to reach a vulnerable, hard-to-reach group of adolescents but underscore the need to develop more engaging support interventions to increase adherence. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN41545712; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN41545712?q=ISRCTN41545712. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/1471-2458-12-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Wall
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Hansson
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulla Zetterlind
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia Kvillemo
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias H Elgán
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gautam S, Jain A, Chaudhary J, Gautam M, Gaur M, Grover S. Concept of mental health and mental well-being, it's determinants and coping strategies. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:S231-S244. [PMID: 38445271 PMCID: PMC10911315 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_707_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Gautam
- Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry (NAMS) and Director, Gautam Hospital and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India E-mail:
| | - Akhilesh Jain
- Professor and Head, ESIC Model Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Manaswi Gautam
- Director and Consultant Psychiatrist, Gautam Hospital and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manisha Gaur
- Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Gaur Mental Health Clinic and Advanced Deaddiction and Counselling Center, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Stallman HM, Lushington K, Varcoe TJ. Feasibility of a brief, in-patient coping and sleep intervention to reduce potentially preventable readmission of cardiac patients to hospital. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 36:101230. [PMID: 38034841 PMCID: PMC10684365 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological distress is prevalent amongst hospital in-patient and may predispose patients to potentially preventable readmissions after discharge. A particularly vulnerable group are patients with cardiac disorders. This study tested the feasibility of a brief cognitive behavioural therapy consisting of an in-hospital coping session and a post-discharge healthy sleep session. Methods Standardised questionnaire were used to assess sleep, coping/distress and wellbeing at baseline (pre-intervention) and one-month post-discharge (post-intervention). Treatment fidelity and acceptability were assessed at follow-up. Participants included 72 inpatients admitted with a cardiac disorder or reported to have a cardiac problem whilst in hospital from a single Australian public hospital. Results Most (83 %) participants found the intervention helpful/very helpful. At baseline prior to admission, almost half of participants (46 %) reported poor wellbeing, 19 % high levels of distress and poor coping, and 47 % sleeping less than 7 h per night. Following the intervention, 45 % of participants with poor wellbeing at baseline had reliable change in wellbeing at follow-up. Conversely, only 22 % of patients with high levels of coping/distress at baseline demonstrated improved coping/distress at follow-up suggesting smaller gains. On average a large 43 min gain in sleep duration was observed post-treatment in patients with poor sleep at baseline. Fourteen percent of participants were readmitted to hospital within 34-days of discharge. Conclusions The coping and sleep intervention was well received with positive outcomes in patients especially those reporting high levels of distress for sleep and to lesser extent coping and wellbeing. Future studies to assess the efficacy of the brief intervention at reducing hospital readmissions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Stallman
- South Australian Medical and Health Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kurt Lushington
- Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Tamara J. Varcoe
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, South Australia, Australia
- Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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Arya V, Banerjee R, Lowies B, Viljoen C, Lushington K. The effect of psychological factors on financial behaviour among older Australians: Evidence from the early stages of COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286733. [PMID: 37289775 PMCID: PMC10249876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the association between psychological factors and financial behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in older people. Older people were chosen compared to other age groups because of the relatively greater impact in this age group of suboptimal financial decisions on future financial wellbeing. We hypothesised that the psychological factors facilitating general wellbeing during the COVID-I9 pandemic, i.e., positive mental wellbeing, hope, and positive coping, will have positive effects on financial behaviour. Based on telephone interviews, 1501 older Australians (Men = 750 and Women = 751; 55-64y = 630; > 65y = 871) completed an omnibus questionnaire examining coping, hope, mental wellbeing, and financial behaviour. Data was analysed using logistic regression and an ordinary and two-stage least square frameworks. Analyses revealed that the psychological factors identified as facilitating general wellbeing during the COVID-I9 pandemic also facilitated positive financial behaviour with hope and mental wellbeing emerging as significant determinants. Based on weightings from principal component analysis, one item each from the hope and mental wellbeing scale with eigenvalues > 1 were found to be robust predictors of positive financial behaviours. In conclusion, the findings support the assumption that the psychological factors associated with general wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic are also associated with positive financial behaviour. They further raise the possibility that single hope and positive mental well-being items can also be used to monitor psychological health and predict financial behaviour in older people and, in particular, at times of crisis. The latter may be useful measures for government to monitor psychological and financial wellbeing and inform policy for supporting older people at times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Arya
- UniSA Business, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rajabrata Banerjee
- UniSA Business, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Braam Lowies
- UniSA Business, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Financial Management, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christa Viljoen
- UniSA Business, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kurt Lushington
- UniSA Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Stallman HM. Intergenerational transmission of suicidality or shared stressors? Psychol Med 2023; 53:1126. [PMID: 33988102 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Stallman
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Thompson Institute, Gubbi Gubbi Country, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, 4575, Qld, Australia
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Edwards-Bailey L, Cartwright T, Smyth N, Mackenzie JM. A qualitative exploration of student self-harm and experiences of support-seeking within a UK university setting. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2022.2146054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Edwards-Bailey
- School of Social Sciences - Unit of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Tina Cartwright
- School of Social Sciences - Unit of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Nina Smyth
- School of Social Sciences - Unit of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Jay-Marie Mackenzie
- School of Social Sciences - Unit of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
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Ng-Cordell E, Rai A, Peracha H, Garfield T, Lankenau SE, Robins DL, Berkowitz SJ, Newschaffer C, Kerns CM. A Qualitative Study of Self and Caregiver Perspectives on How Autistic Individuals Cope With Trauma. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:825008. [PMID: 35911211 PMCID: PMC9329569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.825008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coping can moderate the relationship between trauma exposure and trauma symptoms. There are many conceptualisations of coping in the general population, but limited research has considered how autistic individuals cope, despite their above-average rates of traumatic exposure. Objectives To describe the range of coping strategies autistic individuals use following traumatic events. Methods Fourteen autistic adults and 15 caregivers of autistic individuals, recruited via stratified purposive sampling, completed semi-structured interviews. Participants were asked to describe how they/their child attempted to cope with events they perceived as traumatic. Using an existing theoretical framework and reflexive thematic analysis, coping strategies were identified, described, and organized into themes. Results Coping strategies used by autistic individuals could be organized into 3 main themes: (1) Engaging with Trauma, (2) Disengaging from Trauma, and (3) Self-Regulatory Coping. After the three main themes were developed, a fourth integrative theme, Diagnostic Overshadowing, was created to capture participants' reports of the overlap or confusion between coping and autism-related behaviors. Conclusions Autistic individuals use many strategies to cope with trauma, many of which are traditionally recognized as coping, but some of which may be less easily recognized given their overlap with autism-related behaviors. Findings highlight considerations for conceptualizing coping in autism, including factors influencing how individuals cope with trauma, and how aspects of autism may shape or overlap with coping behavior. Research building on these findings may inform a more nuanced understanding of how autistic people respond to adversity, and how to support coping strategies that promote recovery from trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Ng-Cordell
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anika Rai
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hira Peracha
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tamara Garfield
- A. J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephen E. Lankenau
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Diana L. Robins
- A. J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Craig Newschaffer
- A. J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Connor M. Kerns
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- A. J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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The modifiable biopsychosocial drivers of psychological distress for adolescents with asthma: Implications for Clinical Care. Paediatr Respir Rev 2022; 41:68-72. [PMID: 34531130 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overwhelming distress exceeds the capacity of healthy coping strategies to feel better using healthy coping strategies alone, resulting in the use of unhealthy coping strategies. Unhealthy coping strategies may exacerbate asthma symptoms and asthma can contribute to overwhelming distress. This study aimed to review the modifiable drivers of overwhelming distress in adolescents with asthma. METHODS The biopsychosocial drivers of psychological distress for adolescents with asthma were explored within the domains of the modifiable biopsychosocial model of health and wellbeing. RESULTS Asthma in adolescents is associated with problems in the domains of environment, developmental outcomes, sense of belonging, health behaviours, coping, and treatment of illness. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between asthma and psychological distress highlights the need for holistic treatment of asthma. Further research is needed to establish causation between variables and to investigate whether interventions that address either asthma symptoms or biopsychosocial drivers of distress can improve both factors.
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Stallman HM, Allen A. Acute suicide prevention: A systematic review of the evidence and implications for clinical practice. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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