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Xie Y, Ma M, Wang W. Trajectories of depressive symptoms and their predictors in Chinese older population: Growth Mixture model. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:372. [PMID: 37328803 PMCID: PMC10276362 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the rapidly rising proportion of the older population in China and the relatively high prevalence of depressive symptoms among this population, this study aimed to identify the trajectories of depressive symptoms and the factors associated with the trajectory class to gain a better understanding of the long-term course of depressive symptoms in this population. METHODS Data were obtained from four wave's survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 3646 participants who aged 60 years or older during baseline survey, and completed all follow-ups were retained in this study. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). Growth mixture modelling (GMM) was adopted to identify the trajectory classes of depressive symptoms, and both linear and quadratic functions were considered. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of the associated factors to predict the trajectory class of participants. RESULTS A four-class quadratic function model was the best-fitting model for the trajectories of depressive symptoms in the older Chinese population. The four trajectories were labelled as increasing (16.70%), decreasing (12.31%), high and stable (7.30%), and low and stable (63.69%), according to their trends. Except for the low and stable trajectory, the other trajectories were almost above the threshold for depressive symptoms. The multivariate logistic regression model suggested that the trajectories of chronic depressive symptoms could be predicted by being female, living in a village (rural area), having a lower educational level, and having chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study identified four depressive symptom trajectories in the older Chinese population and analysed the factors associated with the trajectory class. These findings can provide references for prevention and intervention to reduce the chronic course of depressive symptoms in the older Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofei Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengdi Ma
- Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zundel CG, Ryan P, Brokamp C, Heeter A, Huang Y, Strawn JR, Marusak HA. Air pollution, depressive and anxiety disorders, and brain effects: A systematic review. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:272-300. [PMID: 36280190 PMCID: PMC10015654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating data suggest that air pollution increases the risk of internalizing psychopathology, including anxiety and depressive disorders. Moreover, the link between air pollution and poor mental health may relate to neurostructural and neurofunctional changes. We systematically reviewed the MEDLINE database in September 2021 for original articles reporting effects of air pollution on 1) internalizing symptoms and behaviors (anxiety or depression) and 2) frontolimbic brain regions (i.e., hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex). One hundred and eleven articles on mental health (76% human, 24% animals) and 92 on brain structure and function (11% human, 86% animals) were identified. For literature search 1, the most common pollutants examined were PM2.5 (64.9%), NO2 (37.8%), and PM10 (33.3%). For literature search 2, the most common pollutants examined were PM2.5 (32.6%), O3 (26.1%) and Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEP) (26.1%). The majority of studies (73%) reported higher internalizing symptoms and behaviors with higher air pollution exposure. Air pollution was consistently associated (95% of articles reported significant findings) with neurostructural and neurofunctional effects (e.g., increased inflammation and oxidative stress, changes to neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and their metabolites) within multiple brain regions (24% of articles), or within the hippocampus (66%), PFC (7%), and amygdala (1%). For both literature searches, the most studied exposure time frames were adulthood (48% and 59% for literature searches 1 and 2, respectively) and the prenatal period (26% and 27% for literature searches 1 and 2, respectively). Forty-three percent and 29% of studies assessed more than one exposure window in literature search 1 and 2, respectively. The extant literature suggests that air pollution is associated with increased depressive and anxiety symptoms and behaviors, and alterations in brain regions implicated in risk of psychopathology. However, there are several gaps in the literature, including: limited studies examining the neural consequences of air pollution in humans. Further, a comprehensive developmental approach is needed to examine windows of susceptibility to exposure and track the emergence of psychopathology following air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara G Zundel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Cole Brokamp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Autumm Heeter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Yaoxian Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Strawn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Anxiety Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Hilary A Marusak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Petkus AJ, Resnick SM, Wang X, Beavers DP, Espeland MA, Gatz M, Gruenewald T, Millstein J, Chui HC, Kaufman JD, Manson JE, Wellenius GA, Whitsel EA, Widaman K, Younan D, Chen JC. Ambient air pollution exposure and increasing depressive symptoms in older women: The mediating role of the prefrontal cortex and insula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153642. [PMID: 35122843 PMCID: PMC8983488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have been associated with the emergence of depressive symptoms in older adulthood, although most studies used cross-sectional outcome measures. Elucidating the brain structures mediating the adverse effects can strengthen the causal role between air pollution and increasing depressive symptoms. We evaluated whether smaller volumes of brain structures implicated in late-life depression mediate associations between ambient air pollution exposure and changes in depressive symptoms. This prospective study included 764 community-dwelling older women (aged 81.6 ± 3.6 in 2008-2010) from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) Magnetic Resonance Imaging study (WHIMS-MRI; 2005-06) and WHIMS-Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes (WHIMS-ECHO; 2008-16). Three-year average annual mean concentrations (scaled by interquartile range [IQR]) of ambient PM2.5 (in μg/m3; IQR = 3.14 μg/m3) and NO2 (in ppb; IQR = 7.80 ppb) before WHIMS-MRI were estimated at participants' addresses via spatiotemporal models. Mediators included structural brain MRI-derived grey matter volumes of the prefrontal cortex and structures of the limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuit. Depressive symptoms were assessed annually by the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Structural equation models were constructed to estimate associations between exposure, structural brain volumes, and depressive symptoms. Increased exposures (by each IQR) were associated with greater annual increases in depressive symptoms (βPM2.5 = 0.022; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.003, 0.042; βNO2 = 0.019; 95% CI = 0.001, 0.037). The smaller volume of prefrontal cortex associated with exposures partially mediated the associations of increased depressive symptoms with NO2 (8%) and PM2.5 (13%), and smaller insula volume associated with NO2 contributed modestly (13%) to the subsequent increase in depressive symptoms. We demonstrate the first evidence that the smaller volumes of the prefrontal cortex and insula may mediate the subsequent increases in depressive symptoms associated with late-life exposures to NO2 and PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Petkus
- University of Southern California, Department of Neurology, 1520 San Pablo St. Suite 3000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Susan M Resnick
- National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Xinhui Wang
- University of Southern California, Department of Neurology, 1520 San Pablo St. Suite 3000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Daniel P Beavers
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of American
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of American
| | - Margaret Gatz
- University of Southern California, Center for Economic and Social Research, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089-3332, United States of America
| | - Tara Gruenewald
- Chapman University, Department of Psychology, 1 University Dr., Orange, CA 92866, United States of America
| | - Joshua Millstein
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Helena C Chui
- University of Southern California, Department of Neurology, 1520 San Pablo St. Suite 3000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- University of Washington, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 257230, Seattle, WA 98105, United States of America
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Boston University, Boston, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 123 W. Franklin St., Suite 410, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-8050, United States of America
| | - Keith Widaman
- University of California, Riverside, Graduate School of Education, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 9251, United States of America
| | - Diana Younan
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- University of Southern California, Department of Neurology, 1520 San Pablo St. Suite 3000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States; University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.
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Gao X, Jiang W, Liao J, Li J, Yang L. Attributable risk and economic cost of hospital admissions for depression due to short-exposure to ambient air pollution: A multi-city time-stratified case-crossover study. J Affect Disord 2022; 304:150-158. [PMID: 35219742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has become the most common mental disease globally and is a strong predictor for suicide. Studies have indicated that exposure to high levels of air pollution increased the risk of depression, but evidence in human populations is still limited. At present, a few studies estimated the impact of multi-pollutants on hospitalization for depression in multi-city in areas with severe air pollution. We aimed to examine the association between short-term exposure to common ambient air pollutants and hospital admissions (HAs) for depression based on statistics of inpatients with depression in multi-city. METHODS The 10,459 records of HAs for depression from medical institutions in nine cities/prefectures, Sichuan Province, China, between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018 were collected. Air pollutant data including PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 from provincial ecological environment monitoring stations were obtained. Based on a time-stratified case-crossover design, we estimated the impact on relative risk (RR) of short-term exposure to air pollutants on hospitalization for depression, with stratification by sex, age, and economic level. The cost of illness method was used to further assess hospitalization costs. RESULTS The short-term exposure to air pollutants was positively associated with hospitalization for depression. The increase of air particulate matter (PM) had the strongest effect on lag 0 day (PM2.5:1.037 (95% CI:1.022,1.052), PM10:1.024 (95% CI:1.013,1.036)). The effects of SO2 reached the peak on lag 2 day (1.317 (95% CI:1.151,1.507)). Women and older people were more likely to be affected by air pollutants and prone to depression (P = 0.013, P = 0.006). During the study period, the economic cost of hospitalization for depression caused by PM pollution was US$ 8.36 million. LIMITATIONS The air pollutant concentration level of the monitoring stations in the study area was regarded as personal pollutant exposure, which may not accurately reflect the patient's exposure level, resulting in a certain measurement error. CONCLUSIONS Short-term changes to ambient air pollution exposure may increase the risk of hospital admissions for depression and cause economic costs due to hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gao
- HEOA Group, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wanyanhan Jiang
- HEOA Group, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia Li
- HEOA Group, School of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lian Yang
- HEOA Group, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Stone K, Blinn N, Spencer R. Mental Health Impacts of Climate Change on Women: a Scoping Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:228-243. [PMID: 35267174 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is the largest threat to human health of the twenty-first century. Women are disproportionately affected by climate change. While the physical health impacts of climate change are an active area of research, works related to the mental health impacts are less developed. Furthermore, the mental health impacts of climate change on women are a particular area of interest due to women's disproportionately negative experiences with climate change and climate change-related events. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review is to understand what is known from the existing literature regarding the mental health impacts of climate change on women. The methods for this review follow the Arksey and O'Malley framework for a scoping review. By searching databases for publications that discuss women, mental health, and climate change, and screening for relevant work, 20 studies that met inclusion criteria were included in the review. Themes derived from the reviewed studies include negative mental health outcomes, gender-based violence, burdens of care and responsibility, attachment to land and traditions, and the importance of intersectionality. From these findings, there is a clear need for climate policies on adaptation and mitigation to reflect women's unique needs to ensure their health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Stone
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Nicole Blinn
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rebecca Spencer
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Zhang H, Xia Y, Cao L, Chang Q, Zhao Y. Associations between long term exposures to outdoor air pollution and indoor solid fuel use and depression in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:113982. [PMID: 34700082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. Effects of air pollution from outdoor and indoor on depression were inconsistent. We assessed 30,139 participants from Northeast China to explore the associations between long term exposures of outdoor and indoor solid fuel use and depressive symptoms. Multiple logistic regressions models as well as multiplicative interaction and additive interaction analysis were used. Outdoor exposures to air pollutants of particulate matter (with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm, [PM2.5], odds ratio [OR] = 1.98 per standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78, 2.19; with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm, [PM10], OR = 1.83, 95% CI:1.68, 2.00), sulfur dioxide (SO2, OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.33, 1.52), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2, OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.49, 1.76) were significantly associated with higher occurrence of depressive symptoms. A significant linear trend for increased occurrence of depressive symptoms was observed in participants using both solid fuels for cooking and heating (P = 0.04). Indoor air pollution exposures from solid fuel use for heating (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.35) and high cooking frequency (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.37) were significantly associated with increased occurrence of depressive symptoms. We observed significant interactions of indoor solid fuel use and outdoor air pollution exposures on depressive symptoms (indoor fuel use for cooking and SO2, P value = 0.04; solid fuel use for heating and NO2, P value = 0.02). Solid fuel use for cooking weakened the associations between SO2(relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] = -1.37, 95% CI: -1.88, -0.86) and depressive symptoms. Solid fuel use for heating weakened the associations between NO2 (RERI = -1.91, 95% CI: -2.55, -1.27) and depressive symptoms. Compared with individual associations, antagonistic interactions of outdoor air pollution and indoor solid fuel use on depressive symptoms might exist. Our findings contribute to better understandings for the associations between air pollution and depressive symptoms, which might be useful for developing effective strategies for depression prevention and air pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Limin Cao
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Hedong District, Jintang Road, No. 83, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China.
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7
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Wang X, Younan D, Petkus AJ, Beavers DP, Espeland MA, Chui HC, Resnick SM, Gatz M, Kaufman JD, Wellenius GA, Whitsel EA, Manson JE, Chen JC. Ambient Air Pollution and Long-Term Trajectories of Episodic Memory Decline among Older Women in the WHIMS-ECHO Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:97009. [PMID: 34516296 PMCID: PMC8437247 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Episodic memory decline varies by age and underlying neuropathology. Whether ambient air pollution contributes to the heterogeneity of episodic memory decline in older populations remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We estimated associations between air pollution exposures and episodic memory decline according to pollutant, exposure time window, age, and latent class subgroups defined by episodic memory trajectories. METHODS Participants were from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study-Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes. Older women (n = 2,056 ; 74-92 years of age) completed annual (2008-2018) episodic memory assessments using the telephone-based California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). We estimated 3-y average fine particulate matter [PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 )] and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) exposures at baseline and 10 y earlier (recent and remote exposures, respectively), using regionalized national universal kriging. Separate latent class mixed models were used to estimate associations between interquartile range increases in exposures and CVLT trajectories in women ≤ 80 and > 80 years of age , adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Two latent classes were identified for women ≤ 80 years of age (n = 828 ), "slow-decliners" {slope = - 0.12 / y [95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.23 , - 0.01 ] and "fast-decliners" [slope = - 1.79 / y (95% CI: - 2.08 , - 1.50 )]}. In the slow-decliner class, but not the fast-decliner class, PM 2.5 exposures were associated with a greater decline in CVLT scores over time, with a stronger association for recent vs. remote exposures [- 0.16 / y (95% CI: - 2.08 , - 0.03 ) per 2.88 μ g / m 3 and - 0.11 / y (95% CI: - 0.22 , 0.01) per 3.27 μ g / m 3 , respectively]. Among women ≥ 80 years of age (n = 1,128 ), the largest latent class comprised "steady-decliners" [slope = - 1.35 / y (95% CI: - 1.53 , - 1.17 )], whereas the second class, "cognitively resilient", had no decline in CVLT on average. PM 2.5 was not associated with episodic memory decline in either class. A 6.25 -ppb increase in recent NO 2 was associated with nonsignificant acceleration of episodic memory decline in the ≤ 80 -y-old fast-decliner class [- 0.21 / y (95% CI: - 0.45 , 0.04)], and in the > 80 -y-old cognitively resilient class [- 0.10 / y (95% CI: - 0.24 , 0.03)] and steady-decliner class [- 0.11 / y (95% CI: - 0.27 , 0.05)]. Associations with recent NO 2 exposure in women > 80 years of age were stronger and statistically significant when 267 women with incident probable dementia were excluded [e.g., - 0.12 / y (95% CI: - 0.22 , - 0.02 ) for the cognitively resilient class]. In contrast with changes in CVLT over time, there were no associations between exposures and CVLT scores during follow-up in any subgroup. DISCUSSION In a community-dwelling U.S. population of older women, associations between late-life exposure to ambient air pollution and episodic memory decline varied by age-related cognitive trajectories, exposure time windows, and pollutants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diana Younan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew J. Petkus
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel P. Beavers
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine (General Internal Medicine), and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Allaouat S, Yli-Tuomi T, Tiittanen P, Turunen AW, Siponen T, Kukkonen J, Kangas L, Kauhaniemi M, Aarnio M, Ngandu T, Lanki T. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter originating from traffic and residential wood combustion and the prevalence of depression. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 75:1111-1116. [PMID: 33985992 PMCID: PMC8515112 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-216772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Air pollution has been suggested to be associated with depression. However, current evidence is conflicting, and no study has considered different sources of ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 µm (PM2.5). We evaluated the associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 from road traffic and residential wood combustion with the prevalence of depression in the Helsinki region, Finland. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis based on the Helsinki Capital Region Environmental Health Survey 2015–2016 (N=5895). Modelled long-term outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 were evaluated using high-resolution emission and dispersion modelling on an urban scale and linked to the home addresses of study participants. The outcome was self-reported doctor-diagnosed or treated depression. We applied logistic regression and calculated the OR for 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, with 95% CI. Models were adjusted for potential confounders, including traffic noise and urban green space. Results Of the participants, 377 reported to have been diagnosed or treated for depression by a doctor. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 from road traffic (OR=1.23, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.73; n=5895) or residential wood combustion (OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.41; n=5895) was not associated with the prevalence of depression. The estimates for PM2.5 from road traffic were elevated, but statistically non-significant, for non-smokers (OR=1.38, 95% CI 0.94 to 2.01; n=4716). Conclusions We found no convincing evidence of an effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 from road traffic or residential wood combustion on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Allaouat
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Yli-Tuomi
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Tiittanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu W Turunen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taina Siponen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kukkonen
- Department of Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Physics Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.,Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Leena Kangas
- Department of Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Kauhaniemi
- Department of Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mia Aarnio
- Department of Air Quality Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Lanki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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9
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Kim SY, Bang M, Wee JH, Min C, Yoo DM, Han SM, Kim S, Choi HG. Short- and long-term exposure to air pollution and lack of sunlight are associated with an increased risk of depression: A nested case-control study using meteorological data and national sample cohort data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143960. [PMID: 33321334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested an increased risk of depression related to air pollutants. This study investigated the relationship of air pollutant exposure and meteorological factors with depression. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2013 was analyzed. In total, 25,589 depression participants were 1:4 matched with 102,356 control participants for age, sex, income, and region of residence. Depression was defined based on a diagnosis (ICD-10: F31-33) by a psychiatric physician. Meteorological factors and air pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2) (ppm), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (ppm), ozone (O3) (ppm), carbon monoxide (CO) (ppm), and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10) (μg/m3) during the 30 days and 365 days before the index date were analyzed for associations with depression using conditional logistic regression. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, sex, income, and region of residence. The odds ratios (ORs) for depression were 1.05 (95% CI = 1.02-1.08) at 365 days for 1 h less of sunshine. The ORs for depression were 1.02 (95% CI = 1.01-1.03) and 1.03 (95% CI = 1.00-1.05) at 30 days and 365 days for PM10 (10 μg/m3), respectively. The ORs for depression were 1.18 (95% CI = 1.04-1.35) and 1.25 (95% CI = 1.07-1.47) at 30 days and 365 days for CO (ppm), respectively. In the subgroup analyses, the overall results were consistent. However, statistical significance diminished in the younger, high-income, and urban resident subgroups. Both short- and long-term exposure to PM10 and CO and a reduced duration of sunshine were related to an increased risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyang Min
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Myoung Yoo
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Han
- Political Science (Climate and Environmental Policy), Graduate School of Global Cooperation, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungdo Kim
- Research Center for Climate Change and Energy, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea; Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea; Hallym Institute for Environmental Diseases (HIED), Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Petkus AJ, Wang X, Beavers DP, Chui HC, Espeland MA, Gatz M, Gruenewald T, Kaufman JD, Manson JE, Resnick SM, Stewart JD, Wellenius GA, Whitsel EA, Widaman K, Younan D, Chen JC. Outdoor air pollution exposure and inter-relation of global cognitive performance and emotional distress in older women. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116282. [PMID: 33385889 PMCID: PMC8017598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The interrelationships among long-term ambient air pollution exposure, emotional distress and cognitive decline in older adulthood remain unclear. Long-term exposure may impact cognitive performance and subsequently impact emotional health. Conversely, exposure may initially be associated with emotional distress followed by declines in cognitive performance. Here we tested the inter-relationship between global cognitive ability, emotional distress, and exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) in 6118 older women (aged 70.6 ± 3.8 years) from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Annual exposure to PM2.5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.37 μg/m3) and NO2 (IQR = 9.00 ppb) was estimated at the participant's residence using regionalized national universal kriging models and averaged over the 3-year period before the baseline assessment. Using structural equation mediation models, a latent factor capturing emotional distress was constructed using item-level data from the 6-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Short Form Health Survey Emotional Well-Being scale at baseline and one-year follow-up. Trajectories of global cognitive performance, assessed by the Modified-Mini Mental State Examination (3MS) annually up to 12 years, were estimated. All effects reported were adjusted for important confounders. Increases in PM2.5 (β = -0.144 per IQR; 95% CI = -0.261; -0.028) and NO2 (β = -0.157 per IQR; 95% CI = -0.291; -0.022) were associated with lower initial 3MS performance. Lower 3MS performance was associated with increased emotional distress (β = -0.008; 95% CI = -0.015; -0.002) over the subsequent year. Significant indirect effect of both exposures on increases in emotional distress mediated by exposure effects on worse global cognitive performance were present. No statistically significant indirect associations were found between exposures and 3MS trajectories putatively mediated by baseline emotional distress. Our study findings support cognitive aging processes as a mediator of the association between PM2.5 and NO2 exposure and emotional distress in later-life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinhui Wang
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Helena C Chui
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Margaret Gatz
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - JoAnn E Manson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Keith Widaman
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Diana Younan
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Elavsky S, Jandačková V, Knapová L, Vašendová V, Sebera M, Kaštovská B, Blaschová D, Kühnová J, Cimler R, Vilímek D, Bosek T, Koenig J, Jandačka D. Physical activity in an air-polluted environment: behavioral, psychological and neuroimaging protocol for a prospective cohort study (Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment study - Program 4). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:126. [PMID: 33435943 PMCID: PMC7801866 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution has been linked to increased mortality and morbidity. The Program 4 of the Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment study investigates whether the health and wellbeing benefits of physical activity (PA) can be fully realized in individuals living in highly polluted environments. Herein, we introduce the behavioral, psychological and neuroimaging protocol of the study. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of N = 1500 individuals aged 18-65 years comparing: (1) individuals living in the highly polluted, industrial region surrounding the city of Ostrava (n = 750), and (2) controls from the comparison region with relative low pollution levels in Southern Bohemia (n = 750). Quota sampling is used to obtain samples balanced on age, gender, PA status (60% active runners vs. 40% insufficiently active). Participants are screened and complete baseline assessments through online questionnaires and in-person lab-based assessments of physiological, biomechanical, neuroimaging and cognitive function parameters. Prospective 12-month intensive monitoring of air pollution and behavioral parameters (PA, inactivity, and sleep) follows, with a focus on PA-related injuries and psychological factors through fitness trackers, smartphones, and mobile apps. Subsequently, there will be a 5-year follow-up of the study cohort. DISCUSSION The design of the study will allow for (1) the assessment of both short-term variation and long-term change in behavioral parameters, (2) evaluation of the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and psychological factors impacting behavior and injury recovery, and (3) the impact that air pollution status (and change) has on behavior, psychological resilience, and injury recovery. Furthermore, the integration of MRI techniques and cognitive assessment in combination with data on behavioral, biological and environmental variables will provide an opportunity to examine brain structure and cognitive function in relation to health behavior and air pollution, as well as other factors affecting resilience against and vulnerability to adverse changes in brain structure and cognitive aging. This study will help inform individuals about personal risk factors and decision-makers about the impact of environmental factors on negative health outcomes and potential underlying biological, behavioral and psychological mechanisms. Challenges and opportunities stemming from the timing of the study that coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elavsky
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - V Jandačková
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - L Knapová
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Vašendová
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - M Sebera
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - B Kaštovská
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - D Blaschová
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - J Kühnová
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - R Cimler
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - D Vilímek
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - T Bosek
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - J Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Jandačka
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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12
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Petkus AJ, Younan D, Wang X, Beavers DP, Espeland MA, Gatz M, Gruenewald T, Kaufman JD, Chui HC, Millstein J, Rapp SR, Manson JE, Resnick SM, Wellenius GA, Whitsel EA, Widaman K, Chen JC. Associations Between Air Pollution Exposure and Empirically Derived Profiles of Cognitive Performance in Older Women. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1691-1707. [PMID: 34744078 PMCID: PMC9057084 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidating associations between exposures to ambient air pollutants and profiles of cognitive performance may provide insight into neurotoxic effects on the aging brain. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between empirically derived profiles of cognitive performance and residential concentrations of particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in older women. METHOD Women (N = 2,142) from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging completed a neuropsychological assessment measuring attention, visuospatial, language, and episodic memory abilities. Average yearly concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 were estimated at the participant's addresses for the 3 years prior to the assessment. Latent profile structural equation models identified subgroups of women exhibiting similar profiles across tests. Multinomial regressions examined associations between exposures and latent profile classification, controlling for covariates. RESULT Five latent profiles were identified: low performance across multiple domains (poor multi-domain; n = 282;13%), relatively poor verbal episodic memory (poor memory; n = 216; 10%), average performance across all domains (average multi-domain; n = 974; 45%), superior memory (n = 381; 18%), and superior attention (n = 332; 15%). Using women with average cognitive ability as the referent, higher PM2.5 (per interquartile range [IQR] = 3.64μg/m3) was associated with greater odds of being classified in the poor memory (OR = 1.29; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.10-1.52) or superior attention (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.10-1.53) profiles. NO2 (per IQR = 9.86 ppb) was associated with higher odds of being classified in the poor memory (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.17-1.63) and lower odds of being classified with superior memory (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.67-0.97). CONCLUSION Exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with patterns of cognitive performance characterized by worse verbal episodic memory relative to performance in other domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Petkus
- University of Southern California, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana Younan
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- University of Southern California, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel P. Beavers
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- University of Southern California, Center for Economic and Social Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara Gruenewald
- Chapman University, Department of Psychology, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- University of Washington, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helena C. Chui
- University of Southern California, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Millstein
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R. Rapp
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Eric A. Whitsel
- University of North Carolina, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keith Widaman
- University of California, Riverside, Graduate School of Education, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- University of Southern California, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Petkus AJ, Younan D, Wang X, Beavers DP, Espeland MA, Gatz M, Gruenewald TL, Kaufman JD, Chui HC, Manson JE, Resnick SM, Wellenius GA, Whitsel EA, Widaman K, Chen JC. Air Pollution and the Dynamic Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Memory in Oldest-Old Women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 69:474-484. [PMID: 33205418 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Exposure to air pollution may contribute to both increasing depressive symptoms and decreasing episodic memory in older adulthood, but few studies have examined this hypothesis in a longitudinal context. Accordingly, we examined the association between air pollution and changes in depressive symptoms (DS) and episodic memory (EM) and their interrelationship in oldest-old (aged 80 and older) women. DESIGN Prospective cohort data from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study-Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes. SETTING Geographically diverse community-dwelling population. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1,583 dementia-free women aged 80 and older. MEASUREMENTS Women completed up to six annual memory assessments (latent composite of East Boston Memory Test and Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status) and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). We estimated 3-year average exposures to regional particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 μm (PM2.5 ) (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.35 μg/m3 ) and gaseous nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) (IQR = 9.55 ppb) at baseline and during a remote period 10 years earlier, using regionalized national universal kriging. RESULTS Latent change structural equation models examined whether residing in areas with higher pollutant levels was associated with annual changes in standardized EM and DS while adjusting for potential confounders. Remote NO2 (β = .287 per IQR; P = .002) and PM2.5 (β = .170 per IQR; P = .019) exposure was significantly associated with larger increases in standardized DS, although the magnitude of the difference, less than 1 point on the GDS-15, is of questionable clinical significance. Higher DS were associated with accelerated EM declines (β = -.372; P = .001), with a significant indirect effect of remote NO2 and PM2.5 exposure on EM declines mediated by DS. There were no other significant indirect exposure effects. CONCLUSION These findings in oldest-old women point to potential adverse effects of late-life exposure to air pollution on subsequent interplay between DS and EM, highlighting air pollution as an environmental health risk factor for older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Petkus
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diana Younan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel P Beavers
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tara L Gruenewald
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- The Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Costa LG, Cole TB, Dao K, Chang YC, Coburn J, Garrick JM. Effects of air pollution on the nervous system and its possible role in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107523. [PMID: 32165138 PMCID: PMC7245732 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent extensive evidence indicates that air pollution, in addition to causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, may also negatively affect the brain and contribute to central nervous system diseases. Air pollution is comprised of ambient particulate matter (PM) of different sizes, gases, organic compounds, and metals. An important contributor to PM is represented by traffic-related air pollution, mostly ascribed to diesel exhaust (DE). Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that exposure to air pollution may be associated with multiple adverse effects on the central nervous system. In addition to a variety of behavioral abnormalities, the most prominent effects caused by air pollution are oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, which are seen in both humans and animals, and are supported by in vitro studies. Among factors which can affect neurotoxic outcomes, age is considered most relevant. Human and animal studies suggest that air pollution may cause developmental neurotoxicity, and may contribute to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder. In addition, air pollution exposure has been associated with increased expression of markers of neurodegenerative disease pathologies, such as alpha-synuclein or beta-amyloid, and may thus contribute to the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio G Costa
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Dept. of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.
| | - Toby B Cole
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Khoi Dao
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Chang
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacki Coburn
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Garrick
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Lavretsky H. Eco-Psychiatry: Air Pollution is Associated With Depression in Older Adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:1097-1098. [PMID: 31230915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
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