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Trevissón-Redondo B, Pérez-Boal E, Liébana-Presa C, Martínez-Fernández MC, Losa-Iglesias ME, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Martínez-Jiménez EM. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the cognitive functioning of patients institutionalized in nursing homes. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:612. [PMID: 39020269 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 disease affected the cognitive level of institutionalized patients in nursing homes, especially in the older subjects regardless of gender. This study aims to assess cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) before and after COVID-19 infection, and to determine whether these changes varied based on gender. METHODS A pre- and post-COVID-19 study was conducted, involving 68 geriatric patients (34 men and 34 women) from two nursing homes. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the MMSE. RESULTS COVID-19 infection had a notable impact on the cognitive health of older adults residing in nursing homes, primarily attributed to the social isolation they experienced. This effect was more pronounced in older individuals. A comparison of the MMSE results by gender before and after contracting COVID-19 revealed significant differences in attention and calculation, with women obtaining the worst score before the virus. However, following their recovery from the virus, men demonstrated significantly lower scores in time and space orientation and evocation. CONCLUSION COVID-19 has led to a decline in cognitive functioning, significantly worsening the mental state of older individuals, even after recovery from the virus. Consequently, it is crucial to implement proactive measures to prevent isolation and safeguard the cognitive well-being of this vulnerable population.
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Rico-Blazquez M, Esteban-Sepúlveda S, Sánchez-Ruano R, Aritztegui-Echenique AM, Artigues-Barbera EM, Brito-Brito PR, Casado-Ramirez E, Cidoncha-Moreno MÁ, Fabregat-Julve MI, Feria-Raposo I, Hernandez-Pascual M, Lozano-Hernández C, Moreno-Casbas MT, Otones-Reyes P, Palmar-Santos AM, Pedraz-Marcos A, Romero-Rodriguez EM, Solé-Agustí MC, Taltavull-Aparicio JM, Vidal-Thomas MC, Gonzalez-Chorda VM. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the self-care and health condition of the older adults. CUIDAMOS+75. A mixed methods study protocol. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1389641. [PMID: 38952731 PMCID: PMC11215124 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1389641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health condition of people ≥75 years of age and on their family caregivers in Spain. Design Multicentric, mixed method concurrent study. Methods This work, which will be conducted within the primary care setting in 11 administrative regions of Spain, will include three coordinated studies with different methodologies. The first is a population-based cohort study that will use real-life data to analyze the rates and evolution of health needs, care provision, and services utilization before, during, and after the pandemic. The second is a prospective cohort study with 18 months of follow-up that will evaluate the impact of COVID-19 disease on mortality, frailty, functional and cognitive capacity, and quality of life of the participants. Finally, the third will be a qualitative study with a critical social approach to understand and interpret the social, political, and economic dimensions associated with the use of health services during the pandemic. We have followed the SPIRIT Checklist to address trial protocol and related documents. This research is being funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III since 2021 and was approved by its ethics committee (June 2022). Discussion The study findings will reveal the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the older adults and their caregivers. This information will serve policymakers to adapt health policies to the needs of this population in situations of maximum stress, such as that produced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial Registration Identifier: NCT05249868 [ClinicalTrials.gov].
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rico-Blazquez
- Research Unit, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion -RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Esteban-Sepúlveda
- Departament d'Infermeria Fonamental i Medicoquirúrgica, Escola d'Infermeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Ruano
- Research Unit, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
- Biosanitary Research and Innovation Foundation of Primary Care (FIIBAP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Aritztegui-Echenique
- Subdirección de Cuidados, Atención Domiciliaria, Sociosanitaria y Acciones Comunitarias, Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Navarra, Servicio de Navarro de Salud – Osasunbidea, Navarra, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Eva María Artigues-Barbera
- Balàfia Primary Care Center, Gerència Territorial Lleida, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Lleida, Spain
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Research Group in Therapeutics and Interventions in Primary Care (RETICAP), IDIAPJGol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Ruymán Brito-Brito
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion -RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Training and Research in Care, Primary Care Management Board of Tenerife, The Canary Islands Health Service, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elvira Casado-Ramirez
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Frailty and Healthy Ageing-CIBERFES, Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Cidoncha-Moreno
- IIS Bioaraba, General Head Office of Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Subdirection of Nursing, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Inmaculada Fabregat-Julve
- Primary Care Nursing Department, Castellón Health Department, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Nursing Department, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Isabel Feria-Raposo
- Benito Menni CASM, Barcelona, Spain
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Center, Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Hernandez-Pascual
- Technology and Humanization Projects Service Manager, General Directorate of Humanization and Patient Care, Ministry of Health of the Madrid Regional Government, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Lozano-Hernández
- Research Unit, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion -RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Biosanitary Research and Innovation Foundation of Primary Care (FIIBAP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Moreno-Casbas
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Frailty and Healthy Ageing-CIBERFES, Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Otones-Reyes
- San Andrés Healthcare Center, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Palmar-Santos
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
| | - Azucena Pedraz-Marcos
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion -RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza María Romero-Rodriguez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Joana María Taltavull-Aparicio
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion -RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca (IB-Salut), Balearic Health Service, Palma, Spain
- Research Group in Primary Care and Promotion-Balearic Islands Community (GRAPP-caIB), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - María Clara Vidal-Thomas
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion -RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca (IB-Salut), Balearic Health Service, Palma, Spain
- Research Group in Primary Care and Promotion-Balearic Islands Community (GRAPP-caIB), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Víctor Manuel Gonzalez-Chorda
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Frailty and Healthy Ageing-CIBERFES, Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Research Group (Code 241), Universitat, Jaume I.Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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Pilunthanakul T, Tan GMY. Ad Hoc Modifications to a High Dependency Psychiatric Unit for People With Dementia During the COVID-19 Period. Interact J Med Res 2024; 13:e49618. [PMID: 38861715 PMCID: PMC11200032 DOI: 10.2196/49618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to behavioral exacerbations in people with dementia. Increased hospitalizations and lack of bed availability in specialized dementia wards at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore resulted in lodging people with dementia in the High Dependency Psychiatric Unit (HDPCU). Customizations to create a dementia-friendly environment at the HDPCU included: (1) environmental modifications to facilitate orientation and engender familiarity; (2) person-centered care to promote attachment, inclusion, identity, occupation, and comfort; (3) risk management for delirium; and (4) training core competencies. Such practical solutions can also be implemented elsewhere to help overcome resource constraints and repurpose services to accommodate increasing populations of people living with dementia.
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Jiménez-Gonzalo L, Bermejo-Gómez I. What Has the Pandemic Taught Us About Caregiving? Mental Health in Family Caregivers of People with Dementia One Year After the Lock-Down Due to COVID-19 Pandemic. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240172. [PMID: 38875038 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Caregiving for a person with dementia is considered a situation of chronic stress, with consequences on caregivers' physical and psychological health. The usual challenges of dementia care were intensified during the pandemic due to the risk of contagion, social isolation measures, and decrease in healthcare resources. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the stress both in the persons with dementia and their caregivers. This commentary reflects on the long-term effects of the pandemic on caregivers' mental health, focusing on the study by Olavarría and colleagues and drawing future research lines for culturally diverse family caregivers.
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Song X, Song W, Cui L, Duong TQ, Pandy R, Liu H, Zhou Q, Sun J, Liu Y, Li T. A Comprehensive Review of the Global Epidemiology, Clinical Management, Socio-Economic Impacts, and National Responses to Long COVID with Future Research Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1168. [PMID: 38893693 PMCID: PMC11171614 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Long COVID, characterized by a persistent symptom spectrum following SARS-CoV-2 infection, poses significant health, social, and economic challenges. This review aims to consolidate knowledge on its epidemiology, clinical features, and underlying mechanisms to guide global responses; Methods: We conducted a literature review, analyzing peer-reviewed articles and reports to gather comprehensive data on long COVID's epidemiology, symptomatology, and management approaches; Results: Our analysis revealed a wide array of long COVID symptoms and risk factors, with notable demographic variability. The current understanding of its pathophysiology suggests a multifactorial origin yet remains partially understood. Emerging diagnostic criteria and potential therapeutic strategies were identified, highlighting advancements in long COVID management; Conclusions: This review highlights the multifaceted nature of long COVID, revealing a broad spectrum of symptoms, diverse risk factors, and the complex interplay of physiological mechanisms underpinning the condition. Long COVID symptoms and disorders will continue to weigh on healthcare systems in years to come. Addressing long COVID requires a holistic management strategy that integrates clinical care, social support, and policy initiatives. The findings underscore the need for increased international cooperation in research and health planning to address the complex challenges of long COVID. There is a call for continued refinement of diagnostic and treatment modalities, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach to manage the ongoing and evolving impacts of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Song
- National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- Department of Information Resources Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weiwei Song
- Jiangsu Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou 225306, China;
- School of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lizhen Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Tim Q. Duong
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Rajiv Pandy
- Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Dehradun 248006, India;
| | - Hongdou Liu
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Library, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiayao Sun
- Department of Library, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Yanli Liu
- National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- Department of Information Resources Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Rico-Blázquez M, Sánchez-Ruano R, Oter-Quintana C, Polentinos-Castro E, Martín-García Á, Otones-Reyes P, González-Beltrán D, Martínez-Marcos M. Family Caregivers' Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:970. [PMID: 38786382 PMCID: PMC11121002 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed lockdown measures that affected caregiving. Understanding caregivers' context provides reveals their adaptive strategies to continue caring in this situation of uncertainty and isolation. Objective: To better understand the caregiving experiences of caregivers looking after dependent individuals living in the community during the pandemic. Design: Qualitative research, phenomenological approach. Setting: Primary healthcare centers in Madrid region (Spain). Participants: 21 family caregivers. Methods: Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to recruit caregivers across nurses from primary healthcare centers. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide to explore the caring experience. Interview transcripts were evaluated using thematic analysis. Results: The findings were categorized into two themes: "Caregivers during lockdown-providing care in a time of adversity" and "Caregiving toward normality". The sub-themes identified were the re-structuring of before-care services and the introduction of new care approaches, managing the dependent person's health problems, looking after oneself, and dealing with adversity. To adapt to the new normal, strategies were put in place designed to recover confidence and trust, reincorporate assistance, and reconnect with others. Conclusions: Care intensified during the pandemic. Caregivers took on the task without assistance, focusing on preventing contagion and protecting themselves to be able to continue giving care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rico-Blázquez
- Research Unit, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28035 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion—RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, 28035 Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid Health Service, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Epidemiology and Public Health (Interuniversity), Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Ruano
- Ciudad de los Periodistas Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cristina Oter-Quintana
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.-Q.); (M.M.-M.)
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Group, IDIPHISA, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Polentinos-Castro
- Research Unit, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28035 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion—RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, 28035 Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid Health Service, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín-García
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- San Blas Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, Parla, 28980 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Otones-Reyes
- San Andrés Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28021 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Damián González-Beltrán
- Barrio del Pilar Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mercedes Martínez-Marcos
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.-Q.); (M.M.-M.)
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Group, IDIPHISA, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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Velarde-García JF, Ortego-Maté C, Sarabia-Cobo C, Delgado Uria A, Fernández-Peña R. Impact of the Pandemic on Dementia Care and Caregivers: A Qualitative Study. Clin Nurs Res 2024; 33:240-252. [PMID: 38623695 DOI: 10.1177/10547738241246023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Physical distancing measures to limit contagion in the COVID-19 pandemic made it difficult to care for older persons with dementia. Non-essential home visits were prevented and family caregivers took over most of their care. The aim of our study was to describe the lived experience of peoples living with dementia caregivers during the pandemic regarding the care provided and the person cared for. A qualitative phenomenological design was used. Participants were recruited using purposeful sampling. Informants were selected from primary healthcare centers, day centers, and a community mental health unit. The study participants comprised 21 caregivers. Semi-structured in-depth interviews by telephone were used, and field notes were collected from the researchers. A thematic analysis was conducted. The criteria used to control trustworthiness were credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Three main themes and six related sub-themes were identified: (1) care for the person with dementia during the pandemic, including lockdown, associated with difficulties in coping with restrictions, deterioration in health, and the impact of the closure of health and social resources; (2) health and social care provided to people with dementia after the disruptions and the care received from primary care prior to hospital or residential admission; and (3) the caregiver's perspective on the effects of the psycho-emotional impact, and coping strategies adopted in caring. Interventions for people with dementia should be planned in order to prevent the worsening of their health and cognitive status, while also developing programs to prevent stress and alleviate caregiver burden in case of health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Velarde-García
- Department of Nursing, Red Cross College of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Research Nursing Group of Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortego-Maté
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Nursing Research Group, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Sarabia-Cobo
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Nursing Research Group, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Rosario Fernández-Peña
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Nursing Research Group, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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Kwok I, Lattie EG, Yang D, Summers A, Cotten P, Leong CA, Moskowitz JT. Developing Social Enhancements for a Web-Based, Positive Emotion Intervention for Alzheimer Disease Caregivers: Qualitative Focus Group and Interview Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50234. [PMID: 38662432 PMCID: PMC11082732 DOI: 10.2196/50234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease is a degenerative neurological condition that requires long-term care. The cost of these responsibilities is often borne by informal caregivers, who experience an elevated risk of negative physical and psychological outcomes. Previously, we designed a positive emotion regulation intervention that was shown to improve well-being among dementia caregivers when delivered through one-on-one videoconferencing lessons with a trained facilitator. However, the format required significant resources in terms of logistics and facilitator time. To broaden the reach of the intervention, we aimed to develop the Social Augmentation of Self-Guided Electronic Delivery of the Life Enhancing Activities for Family Caregivers (SAGE LEAF) program, an iteration of the intervention in a self-guided, web-based format with enhanced opportunities for social connection. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to gather feedback to inform the design of social features for the SAGE LEAF intervention. In the absence of a facilitator, our goal with the self-guided SAGE LEAF intervention was to integrate various social features (eg, discussion board, automated support, and profiles) to maximize engagement among participants. METHODS Qualitative data were collected from 26 individuals through (1) interviews with participants who completed a previous version of the intervention via videoconferencing with a facilitator, (2) focus groups with dementia caregivers who had not previously experienced the intervention, and (3) focus groups with Alzheimer disease clinical care providers. We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis to identify which social features would be the most helpful and how they could be implemented in a way that would be best received by caregivers. RESULTS Interview and focus group feedback indicated that participants generally liked the potential features suggested, including the discussion boards, multimedia content, and informational support. They had valuable suggestions for optimal implementation. For example, participants liked the idea of a buddy system where they would be matched up with another caregiver for the duration of the study. However, they expressed concern about differing expectations among caregivers and the possibility of matched caregivers not getting along. Participants also expressed interest in giving caregivers access to a podcast on the skills, which would allow them to review additional content when they wished. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the discussions with caregivers and providers offered unique insights into the types of social features that may be integrated into the SAGE LEAF intervention, as well as implementation suggestions to improve the acceptability of the features among caregivers. These insights will allow us to design social features for the intervention that are optimally engaging and helpful for caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Kwok
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Amanda Summers
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Paul Cotten
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Caroline Alina Leong
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Wolf A, Ravienna K, Salobrar-Garcia E. Editorial: Early indicators of cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, and related dementias captured by neurophysiological tools. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1393724. [PMID: 38655218 PMCID: PMC11036544 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1393724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wolf
- Cognitive Behavioral Assistive Technology (CBAT), Goal-Oriented Technology Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Karine Ravienna
- Vanaya NeuroLab Brain and Behavior Research Center, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elena Salobrar-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Akyurek G, Bilgin N, Calıs HT. The Burden and Quality of Life in Caregivers of Individuals With Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study. Occup Ther Health Care 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38504580 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2024.2324286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the caregiving burden, quality of life and life satisfaction of caregivers of individuals with stroke during the pandemic period. A descriptive a study was performed with a sample of caregivers (n = 80) of inpatient individuals with stroke in Kayseri, Turkey. The Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale, Short Form Health Survey-36, and Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale were used as well as some open-ended questions. Using descriptive analysis and correlations, results showed that caregiving burden of the participants was correlated to quality of life and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Specific types of burden include: stress, isolation, financial issues, disruption of therapy, patient-caregiver relationship, and kinship relations. These findings provide important information about the increased burden of caregivers during the pandemic. This study offers information to design a framework of interventions to reduce the physical, social, and psychological effects on caregivers in similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Akyurek
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurten Bilgin
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Havva Talay Calıs
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Health Sciences University of Turkey, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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Rippee-Brooks MD, Wu W, Dong J, Pappolla M, Fang X, Bao X. Viral Infections, Are They a Trigger and Risk Factor of Alzheimer's Disease? Pathogens 2024; 13:240. [PMID: 38535583 PMCID: PMC10974111 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive and debilitating condition, is reported to be the most common type of dementia, with at least 55 million people believed to be currently affected. Many causation hypotheses of AD exist, yet the intriguing link between viral infection and its possible contribution to the known etiology of AD has become an attractive focal point of research for the field and a challenging study task. In this review, we will explore the historical perspective and milestones that led the field to investigate the viral connection to AD. Specifically, several viruses such as Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), Zika virus (ZIKV), and severe cute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), along with several others mentioned, include the various viruses presently considered within the field. We delve into the strong evidence implicating these viruses in the development of AD such as the lytic replication and axonal transport of HSV-1, the various mechanisms of ZIKV neurotropism through the human protein Musashi-1 (MSI1), and the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through the transfer of the virus through the BBB endothelial cells to glial cells and then to neurons via transsynaptic transfer. We will also explore beyond these mere associations by carefully analyzing the potential mechanisms by which these viruses may contribute to AD pathology. This includes but is not limited to direct neuronal infections, the dysregulation of immune responses, and the impact on protein processing (Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau). Controversies and challenges of the virus-AD relationship emerge as we tease out these potential mechanisms. Looking forward, we emphasize future directions, such as distinct questions and proposed experimentations to explore, that the field should take to tackle the remaining unanswered questions and the glaring research gaps that persist. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the past, present, and future of the potential link between viral infections and their association with AD development while encouraging further discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan D. Rippee-Brooks
- Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Wenzhe Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Miguel Pappolla
- Department of Neurology and Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology and Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- The Institute of Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- The Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
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12
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Nouraeinejad A. The bidirectional links between coronavirus disease 2019 and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38451045 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2327403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be a critical disease, particularly in the elderly and those with comorbidities. Patients with Alzheimer's disease are more vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences. The latest results have indicated some common risk factors for both diseases. An understanding of the pathological link between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease will help develop timely strategies to treat both diseases. This review explores the bidirectional links between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nouraeinejad
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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13
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Chang H, Chen E, Hu Y, Wu L, Deng L, Ye‐Lehmann S, Mao X, Zhu T, Liu J, Chen C. Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305554. [PMID: 38143270 PMCID: PMC10933635 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Acknowledging the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and the long-lasting neurological damage even after the epidemic ends are common, necessitating ongoing vigilance. Initial investigations suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which assist in the evasion of the host's immune response and achieve immune evasion in SARS-CoV-2 systemic spreading, contribute to the virus's attack on the central nervous system (CNS). The pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulant, and immunomodulatory properties of EVs contents may directly drive neuroinflammation and cerebral thrombosis in COVID-19. Additionally, EVs have attracted attention as potential candidates for targeted therapy in COVID-19 due to their innate homing properties, low immunogenicity, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) freely. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSCs) secreted EVs are widely applied and evaluated in patients with COVID-19 for their therapeutic effect, considering the limited antiviral treatment. This review summarizes the involvement of EVs in COVID-19 neuropathology as carriers of SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogenic contents, as predictors of COVID-19 neuropathology by transporting brain-derived substances, and as therapeutic agents by delivering biotherapeutic substances or drugs. Understanding the diverse roles of EVs in the neuropathological aspects of COVID-19 provides a comprehensive framework for developing, treating, and preventing central neuropathology and the severe consequences associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Chang
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Erya Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Honghui hospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Lining Wu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Liyun Deng
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Shixin Ye‐Lehmann
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System University of Paris‐Scalay Bicêtre Hosptial BâtGrégory Pincus 80 Rue du Gal Leclerc, CedexLe Kremlin Bicêtre94276France
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Cell EngineeringSchool of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
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14
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Hoben M, Dymchuk E, Doupe MB, Keefe J, Aubrecht K, Kelly C, Stajduhar K, Banerjee S, O'Rourke HM, Chamberlain S, Beeber A, Salma J, Jarrett P, Arya A, Corbett K, Devkota R, Ristau M, Shrestha S, Estabrooks CA. Counting what counts: assessing quality of life and its social determinants among nursing home residents with dementia. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:177. [PMID: 38383339 PMCID: PMC10880372 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maximizing quality of life (QoL) is a major goal of care for people with dementia in nursing homes (NHs). Social determinants are critical for residents' QoL. However, similar to the United States and other countries, most Canadian NHs routinely monitor and publicly report quality of care, but not resident QoL and its social determinants. Therefore, we lack robust, quantitative studies evaluating the association of multiple intersecting social determinants with NH residents' QoL. The goal of this study is to address this critical knowledge gap. METHODS We will recruit a random sample of 80 NHs from 5 Canadian provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario). We will stratify facilities by urban/rural location, for-profit/not-for-profit ownership, and size (above/below median number of beds among urban versus rural facilities in each province). In video-based structured interviews with care staff, we will complete QoL assessments for each of ~ 4,320 residents, using the DEMQOL-CH, a validated, feasible tool for this purpose. We will also assess resident's social determinants of QoL, using items from validated Canadian population surveys. Health and quality of care data will come from routinely collected Resident Assessment Instrument - Minimum Data Set 2.0 records. Knowledge users (health system decision makers, Alzheimer Societies, NH managers, care staff, people with dementia and their family/friend caregivers) have been involved in the design of this study, and we will partner with them throughout the study. We will share and discuss study findings with knowledge users in web-based summits with embedded focus groups. This will provide much needed data on knowledge users' interpretations, usefulness and intended use of data on NH residents' QoL and its health and social determinants. DISCUSSION This large-scale, robust, quantitative study will address a major knowledge gap by assessing QoL and multiple intersecting social determinants of QoL among NH residents with dementia. We will also generate evidence on clusters of intersecting social determinants of QoL. This study will be a prerequisite for future studies to investigate in depth the mechanisms leading to QoL inequities in LTC, longitudinal studies to identify trajectories in QoL, and robust intervention studies aiming to reduce these inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoben
- School of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Health, York University, Room 301E Stong College, 4700 Keele StreetON, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Emily Dymchuk
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Malcolm B Doupe
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Janice Keefe
- Nova Scotia Centre on Aging, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Katie Aubrecht
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Christine Kelly
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kelli Stajduhar
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Human & Social Development, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sube Banerjee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hannah M O'Rourke
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stephanie Chamberlain
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anna Beeber
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordana Salma
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pamela Jarrett
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Amit Arya
- Freeman Centre for the Advancement of Palliative Care, North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Specialist Palliative Care in Long-Term Care Outreach Team, Kensington Gardens Long-Term Care, Kensington Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Corbett
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rashmi Devkota
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Melissa Ristau
- Dr. Gerald Zetter Care Centre, The Good Samaritan Society, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shovana Shrestha
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Carole A Estabrooks
- Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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15
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Du J, Burger H, Kupers T, Sulim K, Homburg MT, Muris JWM, Olde Hartman TC, Zuidema SU, Peters LL, Janus SIM. Patterns of psychotropic drug prescriptions and general practice consultations among community-dwelling older people with dementia during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:120. [PMID: 38297202 PMCID: PMC10832125 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown measures had serious implications for community-dwelling older people with dementia. While the short-term impacts of the pandemic on this population have been well studied, there is limited research on its long-term impacts. Quantifying the long-term impacts may provide insights into whether healthcare adaptations are needed after the acute phase of the pandemic to balance infection prevention measures with healthcare provision. This study aims to examine patterns of psychotropic drug prescriptions and general practice consultations in community-dwelling older people with dementia during the first two years of the pandemic. METHODS We utilised routine electronic health records from three Dutch academic general practice research networks located in the North, East, and South, between 2019 and 2021. We (1) compared the weekly prescription rates of five groups of psychotropic drugs and two groups of tracer drugs, and weekly general practice consultation rates per 1000 participants, between the first two years of the pandemic and the pre-pandemic phase, (2) calculated changes in these rates during three lockdowns and two relaxation phases relative to the corresponding weeks in 2019, and (3) employed interrupted time series analyses for the prescription rates. Analyses were performed for each region separately. RESULTS The study population sizes in the North, East, and South between 2019 and 2021 were 1726 to 1916, 93 to 117, and 904 to 960, respectively. Data from the East was excluded from the statistical analyses due to the limited sample size. During the first two years of the pandemic, the prescription rates of psychotropic drugs were either lower or similar to those in the pre-pandemic phase, with differences varying from -2.6‰ to -10.2‰. In contrast, consultation rates during the pandemic were higher than in the pre-pandemic phase, increasing by around 38‰. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a decrease in psychotropic drug prescriptions, but an increase in general practice consultations among community-dwelling older people with dementia during the first two years of the pandemic. However, reasons for the decrease in psychotropic drug prescriptions are unclear due to limited information on the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the appropriateness of prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Du
- Department of Primary and Long-Term Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Huibert Burger
- Department of Primary and Long-Term Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thijmen Kupers
- Department of Primary and Long-Term Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karina Sulim
- Department of Primary and Long-Term Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten T Homburg
- Department of Primary and Long-Term Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean W M Muris
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim C Olde Hartman
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sytse U Zuidema
- Department of Primary and Long-Term Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lilian L Peters
- Department of Primary and Long-Term Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Midwifery Science, AVAG, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah I M Janus
- Department of Primary and Long-Term Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Alzheimer Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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16
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Simonetti A, Bernardi E, Sani G. Novel Advancements in COVID-19 and Neuroscience. J Pers Med 2024; 14:143. [PMID: 38392577 PMCID: PMC10890030 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
From an initial cluster of cases reported in Wuhan, the SARS-Cov-2 infection has since spread globally, causing a pandemic that began on 11 March 2020 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Evelina Bernardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Chest, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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17
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Shajahan SR, Kumar S, Ramli MDC. Unravelling the connection between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1274452. [PMID: 38259635 PMCID: PMC10800459 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1274452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there exists a limited comprehension regarding the correlation between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease (AD). To elucidate the interrelationship and its impact on outcomes, a comprehensive investigation was carried out utilising time-unrestricted searches of reputable databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of various medical conditions on severe COVID-19-related events. We focused on identifying and analysing articles that discussed the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients, particularly those pertaining to severe events such as ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, pneumonia, mortality and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) a serious lung condition that causes low blood oxygen. Through careful data analysis and information gathering, we tried to figure out how likely it was that people with conditions, like AD, would have serious events. Our research investigated potential mechanisms that link AD and COVID-19. The ability of the virus to directly invade the central nervous system and the role of ACE-2 receptors were investigated. Furthermore, the OAS1 gene served as the genetic link between AD and COVID-19. In the context of COVID-19, our findings suggest that individuals with AD may be more susceptible to experiencing severe outcomes. Consequently, it is crucial to provide personalised care and management for this demographic. Further investigation is required to attain a comprehensive comprehension of the intricate correlation between Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19, as well as its ramifications for patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Rezlan Shajahan
- School of Graduate Studies, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Danial Che Ramli
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Harriman NW, Bassil DT, Farrell MT, Du Toit J, Gómez-Olivé Casas FX, Tollman SM, Berkman LF. Associations between cohort derived dementia and COVID-19 serological diagnosis among older Black adults in rural South Africa. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1304572. [PMID: 38249406 PMCID: PMC10796535 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1304572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigates the association between cohort derived dementia and serologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, an underexplored phenomena in low-and middle-income countries. Examining this relationship in a rural South African community setting offers insights applicable to broader healthcare contexts. Methods Data were collected from Black South Africans in the Mpumalanga province who participated in the Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa. Cohort derived dementia was developed using a predictive model for consensus-based dementia diagnosis. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the association between predicted dementia probability in 2018 and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in 2021, controlling for demographics, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities. Results Fifty-two percent of the tested participants had serologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. In the fully adjusted model, cohort derived dementia was significantly associated with over twice the risk of serological diagnosis of COVID-19 (RRR = 2.12, p = 0.045). Conclusion Complying with COVID-19 prevention recommendations may be difficult for individuals with impaired cognitive functioning due to their symptoms. Results can inform community-based public health initiatives to reduce COVID-19 transmission among South Africa's rapidly aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Walsh Harriman
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, United States
| | - Darina T. Bassil
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, United States
| | - Meagan T. Farrell
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, United States
| | - Jacques Du Toit
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé Casas
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Stephen M. Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Lisa F. Berkman
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, United States
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19
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Irfan B, Ankouni G, Reader J, Seraji-Bozorgzad N, Giordani B, Bakulski K, Bhaumik A, Hampstead BM, Rahman-Filipiak A. Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in Muslim Women: Recommendations for Culturally Sensitive Care. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:857-867. [PMID: 38759011 PMCID: PMC11191545 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) present significant challenges including cognitive and functional loss, behavioral disruption, emotional distress, and significant financial burden. These stressors are amplified in minority groups, who experience higher rates of ADRD but less frequent and later diagnosis. There is therefore a critical need to identify tangible approaches to culturally informed dementia assessment and care for patients from diverse communities. Muslim patients and particularly Muslim women are among the populations most understudied in the ADRD space. Muslim patients may hold unique religious, spiritual, and cultural beliefs and practices that can impact care-seeking for dementia symptoms, diagnostic accuracy, and treatment uptake. This paper outlines culturally informed approaches to assessing and treating Muslim women and families at each stage of ADRD care, though many recommendations extend to the broader Muslim community and others of diverse racial-ethnic backgrounds. We provide concrete suggestions for building rapport within and leveraging common family structures, respecting principles of modesty and privacy for all women including those who observe hijab or niqab, and communicating dementia diagnosis and care in the context of spiritual and ethical beliefs. While not intended as a comprehensive and prescriptive guide, this review provides important points of consideration and discussion with patients of Muslim backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Irfan
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ghadeer Ankouni
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Reader
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Navid Seraji-Bozorgzad
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly Bakulski
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arijit Bhaumik
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Hampstead
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Research Program on Cognition & Neuromodulation Based Interventions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Mental Health Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annalise Rahman-Filipiak
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Research Program on Cognition & Neuromodulation Based Interventions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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Bruno F, Abondio P, Bruno R, Ceraudo L, Paparazzo E, Citrigno L, Luiselli D, Bruni AC, Passarino G, Colao R, Maletta R, Montesanto A. Alzheimer's disease as a viral disease: Revisiting the infectious hypothesis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102068. [PMID: 37704050 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most frequent type of dementia in elderly people. Two major forms of the disease exist: sporadic - the causes of which have not yet been fully understood - and familial - inherited within families from generation to generation, with a clear autosomal dominant transmission of mutations in Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), 2 (PSEN2) or Amyloid Precursors Protein (APP) genes. The main hallmark of AD consists of extracellular deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and intracellular deposits of the hyperphosphorylated form of the tau protein. An ever-growing body of research supports the viral infectious hypothesis of sporadic forms of AD. In particular, it has been shown that several herpes viruses (i.e., HHV-1, HHV-2, HHV-3 or varicella zoster virus, HHV-4 or Epstein Barr virus, HHV-5 or cytomegalovirus, HHV-6A and B, HHV-7), flaviviruses (i.e., Zika virus, Dengue fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus) as well as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV), SARS-CoV2, Ljungan virus (LV), Influenza A virus and Borna disease virus, could increase the risk of AD. Here, we summarized and discussed these results. Based on these findings, significant issues for future studies are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Di Catanzaro, Viale A. Perugini, 88046 Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy; Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Paolo Abondio
- Laboratory of Ancient DNA, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Rossella Bruno
- Sudent at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88050 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Leognano Ceraudo
- Sudent at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Ersilia Paparazzo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Luigi Citrigno
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation - (IRIB), 87050 Mangone, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Laboratory of Ancient DNA, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Di Catanzaro, Viale A. Perugini, 88046 Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy; Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Rosanna Colao
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Di Catanzaro, Viale A. Perugini, 88046 Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Raffaele Maletta
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Di Catanzaro, Viale A. Perugini, 88046 Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy; Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy.
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21
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Firatoglu ZA. The effect of natural ventilation on airborne transmission of the COVID-19 virus spread by sneezing in the classroom. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165113. [PMID: 37391140 PMCID: PMC10306413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Since school classrooms are of vital importance due to their impact on public health in COVID-19 and similar epidemics, it is imperative to develop new ventilation strategies to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus in the classroom. To be able to develop new ventilation strategies, the effect of local flow behaviors in the classroom on the airborne transmission of the virus under the most dramatic conditions must first be determined. In this study, the effect of natural ventilation on the airborne transmission of COVID-19-like viruses in the classroom in the case of sneezing by two infected students in a reference secondary school classroom was investigated in five scenarios. Firstly, experimental measurements were carried out in the reference class to validate the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results and determine the boundary conditions. Next, the effects of local flow behaviors on the airborne transmission of the virus were evaluated for five scenarios using the Eulerian-Lagrange method, a discrete phase model, and a temporary three-dimensional CFD model. In all scenarios, immediately after sneezing, between 57 and 60.2 % of the droplets containing the virus, mostly large and medium-sized (150 μm < d < 1000 μm) settled on the infected student's desk, while small droplets continued to move in the flow field. In addition, it was determined that the effect of natural ventilation in the classroom on the travel of virus droplets in the case of Redh < 8.04 × 104 (Reynolds number, Redh=Udh/νu, dh and are fluid velocity, hydraulic diameters of the door and window sections of the class and kinematic viscosity, respectively) was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Firatoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Harran, TR-63050 Sanliurfa, Turkey.
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22
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Ahmed W, Feng J, Zhang Y, Chen L. SARS-CoV-2 and Brain Health: New Challenges in the Era of the Pandemic. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2511. [PMID: 37894169 PMCID: PMC10609574 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections have been found to have a negative impact on neurological functions, potentially leading to significant neurological impairment. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has precipitated a worldwide pandemic, posing a substantial threat to human lives. Growing evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may severely affect the CNS and respiratory system. The current prevalence of clinical neurological issues associated with SARS-CoV-2 has raised significant concerns. However, there needs to be a more comprehensive understanding of the specific pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 enters the nervous system. Based on the available evidence, this review focuses on the clinical neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and the possible mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 invades the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
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23
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Heinrich S, Weissenfels I, Zeller A. Emotions, action strategies and expectations of health professionals and people with dementia regarding COVID-19 in different care settings in Switzerland: a mixed methods study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:631. [PMID: 37803286 PMCID: PMC10559654 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 55 million people are currently affected by dementia worldwide and over 144 thousand in Switzerland. In Swiss nursing homes, 47.6% of the residents had a medical diagnosis of dementia in 2014. Due to cognitive impairment, they have difficulties remembering hygiene measures or placing them in the epidemic context. This results in a higher infection risk. There are COVID-19-associated recommendations focused on dementia care management but studies simultaneously surveying and correlating perspectives of health professionals as well as people with dementia across care settings are largely lacking. This study is focused on COVID-19-associated perspectives and needs of health professionals and people with dementia across different care settings. Lessons learned from the pandemic shall be pointed out. METHODS We conducted a mixed-methods approach based on an exploratory sequential design. Two qualitative interview rounds (n = 15 participants) and a quantitative online survey (n = 148 participants) with people with dementia, caring relatives, Advanced Practice Nurses and nursing home managers (health professionals) were performed. Data collected was performed in nursing home and home-care settings. The SQRQ checklist was used. RESULTS Fear and uncertainty were highest at the beginning of the pandemic among the interviewed nursing professionals and nursing home managers. As a positive side effect of the pandemic, increased cohesion in care teams was reported. Some people with dementia experienced the decelerated outside world as pleasant and less challenging to master. Particularly during the first wave, nursing home managers rated political decision-making processes as being too slow, partly non-transparent, inconsistent, and sometimes inappropriate for people with dementia. CONCLUSIONS Although the identified emotional and physical consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are mostly negative for health professionals and people with dementia, research should also investigate potential positive side effects. Furthermore, political decisions should be passed on to care institutions as promptly, transparently, and comprehensibly as possible. The results provide guidance on dementia-focused COVID-19 management interventions incorporating lessons learned and considering the emotional impact of the pandemic in Switzerland and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Heinrich
- Dementia Competence Centre, IPW Institute of Applied Nursing Science - Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, St.Gallen, 9001, Switzerland.
| | - Inga Weissenfels
- Dementia Competence Centre, IPW Institute of Applied Nursing Science - Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, St.Gallen, 9001, Switzerland
| | - Adelheid Zeller
- Dementia Competence Centre, IPW Institute of Applied Nursing Science - Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, St.Gallen, 9001, Switzerland
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24
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Yan K, Sadler T, Brauner D, Pollack HA, Konetzka RT. Caregiving for Older Adults With Dementia During the Time of COVID-19: A Multi-State Exploratory Qualitative Study. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:2078-2088. [PMID: 37231705 PMCID: PMC10214026 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231175414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This qualitative semi-structured interview study explores how 64 family caregivers for older adults with Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias across eight states experienced and executed caregiving decisions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. First, caregivers experienced challenges communicating with loved ones and healthcare workers in all care settings. Second, caregivers displayed resilient coping strategies in adapting to pandemic restrictions, finding novel strategies to balance risks while preserving communication, oversight, and safety. Third, many caregivers modified care arrangements, with some avoiding and others embracing institutional care. Finally, caregivers reflected on the benefits and challenges of pandemic-related innovations. Certain policy changes reduced caregiver burden and could improve care access if made permanent. Telemedicine's increasing use highlights the need for reliable internet access and accommodations for individuals with cognitive deficits. Public policies must pay greater attention to challenges faced by family caregivers, whose labor is both essential and undervalued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tonie Sadler
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Brauner
- Departments of Medicine, Family and Community Medicine and Medical Ethics, Humanities and Law, Division of Geriatrics, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Harold A. Pollack
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, Public Health Sciences, Urban Health Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R. Tamara Konetzka
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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25
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Chen R, Charpignon ML, Raquib RV, Wang J, Meza E, Aschmann HE, DeVost MA, Mooney A, Bibbins-Domingo K, Riley AR, Kiang MV, Chen YH, Stokes AC, Glymour MM. Excess Mortality With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias as an Underlying or Contributing Cause During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US. JAMA Neurol 2023; 80:919-928. [PMID: 37459088 PMCID: PMC10352932 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Importance Adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) are particularly vulnerable to the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Deaths associated with ADRD increased substantially in pandemic year 1. It is unclear whether mortality associated with ADRD declined when better prevention strategies, testing, and vaccines became widely available in year 2. Objective To compare pandemic-era excess deaths associated with ADRD between year 1 and year 2 overall and by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and place of death. Design, Setting, and Participants This time series analysis used all death certificates of US decedents 65 years and older with ADRD as an underlying or contributing cause of death from January 2014 through February 2022. Exposure COVID-19 pandemic era. Main Outcomes and Measures Pandemic-era excess deaths associated with ADRD were defined as the difference between deaths with ADRD as an underlying or contributing cause observed from March 2020 to February 2021 (year 1) and March 2021 to February 2022 (year 2) compared with expected deaths during this period. Expected deaths were estimated using data from January 2014 to February 2020 fitted with autoregressive integrated moving average models. Results Overall, 2 334 101 death certificates were analyzed. A total of 94 688 (95% prediction interval [PI], 84 192-104 890) pandemic-era excess deaths with ADRD were estimated in year 1 and 21 586 (95% PI, 10 631-32 450) in year 2. Declines in ADRD-related deaths in year 2 were substantial for every age, sex, and racial and ethnic group evaluated. Pandemic-era ADRD-related excess deaths declined among nursing home/long-term care residents (from 34 259 [95% PI, 25 819-42 677] in year 1 to -22 050 [95% PI, -30 765 to -13 273] in year 2), but excess deaths at home remained high (from 34 487 [95% PI, 32 815-36 142] in year 1 to 28 804 [95% PI, 27 067-30 571] in year 2). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that large increases in mortality with ADRD as an underlying or contributing cause of death occurred in COVID-19 pandemic year 1 but were largely mitigated in pandemic year 2. The most pronounced declines were observed for deaths in nursing home/long-term care settings. Conversely, excess deaths at home and in medical facilities remained high in year 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Marie-Laure Charpignon
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Rafeya V. Raquib
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Erika Meza
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Hélène E. Aschmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Michelle A. DeVost
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Alyssa Mooney
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
- Editor in Chief, JAMA
| | - Alicia R. Riley
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz
| | - Mathew V. Kiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yea-Hung Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Andrew C. Stokes
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Martin-Parent MA, Dewart G. Promoting Resident Autonomy to Maintain Quality of Life. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1266-1270. [PMID: 37517805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Canadian governments and healthcare organizations implemented restrictions on continuing care residents. From an ethical lens, governments and healthcare organizations were focused on preventing harm through promoting beneficence and non-maleficence; however, this was at the expense of resident autonomy. The rights of continuing care residents were stripped away when they were not given the opportunity to make informed decisions regarding their care and day-to-day life. Governments and healthcare organizations denied them the dignity to experience the positive outcomes that result from risk-taking based on their personal values and preferences. In an attempt to prevent resident harm from COVID-19 cases and deaths, governments and continuing care facilities forced residents into isolation. This negatively affected residents' quality of life in the form of physical, mental, and cognitive health deterioration. Moving forward, governments and healthcare organizations need to take the time to engage residents in decision-making and policy development that affects their care, treatment, and support system. Governments and healthcare organizations must promote and safeguard resident autonomy to maintain quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Dewart
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Usher K, Jackson D, Peng W, Amarasena S, McCowan D, Miller J, Cashman B, Sibbritt D. Mental health and use of Medicare Benefits Schedule follow-up mental health services by Indigenous people in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1190484. [PMID: 37670830 PMCID: PMC10475934 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1190484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health care has declined during the COVID-19 pandemic as has attendance for preventive mental health health services. This study aimed to investigate trends in all types of mental health service claims identified in an Indigenous-specific health assessment for Indigenous people before and during COVID-19. Methods We conducted an analysis of Medicare Benefits Scheme (MBS) mental health service items (Items 81,325 and 81,355), to investigate the trends in all types of mental health service claims specifically intended for Indigenous people of Australia. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, including the total annual numbers of Indigenous peoples' mental health service claims cross-tabulated by age groups and gender, between the calendar years 2017-2021. Multivariable Poisson regression modelling was used to determine associations that were statistically significant. Results Our results indicate an overall rise in MBS claims for mental health follow-up services during 2019-2020 followed by a decline in 2020-2021. In addition, there was an overall decline in claims for follow-up psychology services across the time period 2019-2021. Conclusion We found a significant decline in MBS items specific to follow-up mental health services (MBS Items 81,325 and 81,355) for Indigenous people in Australia suggesting a decline in attendance for mental health service follow-up which in turn may indicate a deficit in mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic, an issue that may lead to poorer mental health outcomes in the future. Further research is needed to understand whether these changes were due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Usher
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Debra Jackson
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenbo Peng
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Debbie McCowan
- Armajun Health Service Aboriginal Corporation, Inverell, NSW, Australia
| | - Joe Miller
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda Cashman
- Aboriginal Maternal & Infant Health Service, Western Sydney Local Health District, Mount Druitt, NSW, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Simonetti A, Pais C, Savoia V, Cipriani MC, Tosato M, Janiri D, Bernardi E, Ferrara OM, Margoni S, Kotzalidis GD, Chieffo D, Fantoni M, Liperoti R, Landi F, Bernabei R, Sani G. Association of Delirium and Depression with Respiratory and Outcome Measures in COVID-19 Inpatients. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1207. [PMID: 37623458 PMCID: PMC10456095 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Delirium (DEL) and depression (DEP) may impair the course and severity of acute respiratory illness. The impact of such syndromes on respiratory and outcome parameters in inpatients with COVID-19 needs clarification. To clarify the relationship between DEL and DEP and respiratory outcome measures, we enrolled 100 inpatients from COVID-19 units of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS of Rome. Participants were divided into those with DEL, DEP, or absence of either delirium or depression (CONT). Delirium severity was assessed with the Neelson and Champagne Confusion Scale (NEECHAM). Psychopathology was assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Dependent variables include: (a) respiratory parameters, i.e., partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2), oxygen saturation (SpO2), ratio between arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), and fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2); (b) outcome parameters, i.e., duration of hospitalization and number of pharmacological treatments used during the hospitalization. We investigated between-group differences and the relationships between severity of delirium/depression and the dependent variables. Duration of hospitalization was longer for DEL than for either DEP or CONT and for DEP compared to CONT. NEECHAM and HAM-D scores predicted lower PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 levels in the DEL and DEP groups, respectively. In DEP, BPRS scores positively correlated with duration of hospitalization. Delirium impacted the course of COVID-19 more severely than depression. The mechanisms by which delirium and depression worsen respiratory parameters differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (O.M.F.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Pais
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.C.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (F.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Vezio Savoia
- Service of Clinical Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Camilla Cipriani
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.C.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (F.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.C.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (F.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Delfina Janiri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (O.M.F.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Bernardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (O.M.F.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Ottavia Marianna Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (O.M.F.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Stella Margoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (O.M.F.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Georgios D. Kotzalidis
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (O.M.F.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza–Università di Roma, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Chieffo
- Service of Clinical Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (D.C.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fantoni
- Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Safety and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Liperoti
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.C.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (F.L.); (R.B.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.C.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (F.L.); (R.B.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.C.); (M.T.); (R.L.); (F.L.); (R.B.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (O.M.F.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Aghazadeh N, Moradi P, Noras P. Constructing Multiwavelet-based Shearlets and using Them for Automatic Segmentation of Noisy Brain Images Affected by COVID-19. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SIGNALS & SENSORS 2023; 13:183-190. [PMID: 37622045 PMCID: PMC10445678 DOI: 10.4103/jmss.jmss_29_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Backgorund Nowadays, everybody's life is dominated by COVID-19, which might have been the source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This virus disrupts the lungs first of all. Recently, it has been found that coronavirus may affect the brain. Because all body actions rely on the brain, hence investigating its healthy is an essential item in coronavirus effects. Method Brain image segmentation can be helpful in the detection of the regions damaged by the effects of coronavirus. Since every image given by photography devices may have noises, therefore, first of all, the brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images must be denoised for best investigation. In the present paper, we have presented the construction of multishearlets based on multiwavelets for the first time and have used them for the purpose of denoising. Multiwavelets have some advantages to wavelets. Therefore, we have used them in the shearlet system to expand the properties of multiwavelets in all directions. After denoising, we have proposed a scheme for the automatic characterization of the initial curve in the active contour model for segmentation. Detecting the initial curve is a challenging task in active contour-based segmentation because detecting an initial curve far from the desired region can lead to unfavorable results. Results The results show the performance of using multishearlets in detecting affected regions by COVID-19. Using multishearlets has led to the high value of peak signal-to-noise ratio and Structural similarity index measure in comparison with original shearlets. Original shearlets are constructed from wavelets whereas we have constructed multishearlets from multiwavelets. Conclusion The results show that multishearlets can neutralize the effect of noise in MRA images in a good way rather than shearlets. Moreover, the proposed scheme for segmentation can lead to 0.99 accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Aghazadeh
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Paria Moradi
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Noras
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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Yang Y, Nie J, Sun F, Wang J, Chen J, Li L, Sheng M, Yang S, Yu L, Li X. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rate and hesitation in Shanghai older adults with dementia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1172642. [PMID: 37441645 PMCID: PMC10335564 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1172642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults, particularly those with dementia, are at the greatest risk for being affected by SARS-CoV-2. Despite the Chinese government's efforts to encourage older adults to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the vaccination rate, especially among older adults with dementia, remains low. Objective This study aimed to examine the willingness and attitudes towards vaccination among guardians of older adults with dementia and to uncover the factors that may have influenced attitudes towards vaccination during the 2022 Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Shanghai, China. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using self-administered anonymous questionnaires to guardians of dementia patients in three settings: psychogeriatric inpatient wards, long-term care facilities, and home settings from April to May 2022. The primary outcome was participants' willingness to allow dementia patients to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with vaccination willingness. Results A total of 327 valid questionnaires were collected. The vaccination rate among participants from long-term care facilities (12.9%) was lower than those in the psychiatric ward (19.3%) or community-dwelling settings (27.1%) (p < 0.05). The guardians' primary concern was that vaccination would aggravate the health conditions of dementia patients [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 5.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.86-14.05]. Additionally, negative reports about the vaccination [OR = 3.94; 95% CI: 1.68-9.24], and adverse reactions [OR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.13-5.52] were related to higher odds of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion Our results showed that low vaccination rates in older adults with dementia were mainly due to their guardians' concerns about vaccine safety. Our findings first uncovered the actual SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rates among older adults with dementia and may provide potential interventions to reduce unjustified worries towards vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqing Sheng
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Yang
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Cao C, Li S, Zhou G, Xu C, Chen X, Qiu H, Li X, Liu Y, Cao H, Bi C. Global trends in COVID-19 Alzheimer's related research: a bibliometric analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1193768. [PMID: 37342784 PMCID: PMC10278887 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1193768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted public health, putting people with Alzheimer's disease at significant risk. This study used bibliometric analysis method to conduct in-depth research on the relationship between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease, as well as to predict its development trends. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection was searched for relevant literature on Alzheimer's and Coronavirus-19 during 2019-2023. We used a search query string in our advanced search. Using Microsoft Excel 2021 and VOSviewer software, a statistical analysis of primary high-yield authors, research institutions, countries, and journals was performed. Knowledge networks, collaboration maps, hotspots, and regional trends were analyzed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results During 2020-2023, 866 academic studies were published in international journals. United States, Italy, and the United Kingdom rank top three in the survey; in terms of productivity, the top three schools were Harvard Medical School, the University of Padua, and the University of Oxford; Bonanni, Laura, from Gabriele d'Annunzio University (Italy), Tedeschi, Gioacchino from the University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (Italy), Vanacore, Nicola from Natl Ctr Dis Prevent and Health Promot (Italy), Reddy, P. Hemachandra from Texas Tech University (USA), and El Haj, Mohamad from University of Nantes (France) were the authors who published the most articles; The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease is the journals with the most published articles; "COVID-19," "Alzheimer's disease," "neurodegenerative diseases," "cognitive impairment," "neuroinflammation," "quality of life," and "neurological complications" have been the focus of attention in the last 3 years. Conclusion The disease caused by the COVID-19 virus infection related to Alzheimer's disease has attracted significant attention worldwide. The major hot topics in 2020 were: "Alzheimer' disease," COVID-19," risk factors," care," and "Parkinson's disease." During the 2 years 2021 and 2022, researchers were also interested in "neurodegenerative diseases," "cognitive impairment," and "quality of life," which require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sixin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gaoya Zhou
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Caijuan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiwen Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changlong Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Madruga Flores M, Corrales López M, Gómez-Pavón J. [The impact of the first pandemic waves of COVID-19 in older people with dementia]. Aten Primaria 2023; 55:102622. [PMID: 37058882 PMCID: PMC10040343 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2023.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with dementia are in themselves more vulnerable, and have been especially affected by the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, both directly due to the disease itself, and indirectly due to the deprivation of cognitive stimulation due to isolation social due to confinement. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection has given rise to a wide variety of symptoms, including neurological symptoms and especially delirium in the elderly with dementia. The virus has affected the central nervous system, both directly due to the neurotropism of the virus, and indirectly due to inflammation and tissue hypoxia of vascular origin. The different causes that have been able to lead, in the different waves prior to the omicron variant, to the significant increase in morbidity and mortality in patients with dementia, especially the elderly, are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Madruga Flores
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Central de la Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela, Madrid, España.
| | | | - Javier Gómez-Pavón
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Central de la Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela, Madrid, España
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Qin Q, Veazie P, Temkin-Greener H, Makineni R, Cai S. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Risk Factors Associated With Severe COVID-19 Among Older Adults With ADRD. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:855-861.e7. [PMID: 37015322 PMCID: PMC9995316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine racial/ethnic differences in risk factors, and their associations with COVID-19-related outcomes among older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). DESIGN Observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS National Medicare claims data and the Minimum Data Set 3.0 from April 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, were linked in this study. We included community-dwelling fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD, diagnosed with COVID-19 between April 1, 2020, and December 1, 2020 (N = 138,533). METHODS Two outcome variables were defined: hospitalization within 14 days and death within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. We obtained information on individual sociodemographic characteristics, chronic conditions, and prior health care utilization based on the Medicare claims and the Minimum Dataset. Machine learning methods, including lasso regression and discriminative pattern mining, were used to identify risk factors in racial/ethnic subgroups (ie, White, Black, and Hispanic individuals). The associations between identified risk factors and outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression and compared across racial/ethnic subgroups using the coefficient comparison approach. RESULTS We found higher risks of COVID-19-related outcomes among Black and Hispanic individuals. The areas under the curve of the models with identified risk factors were 0.65 to 0.68 for mortality and 0.61 to 0.62 for hospitalization across racial/ethnic subgroups. Although some identified risk factors (eg, age, gender) for COVID-19-related outcomes were common among all racial/ethnic subgroups, other risk factors (eg, hypertension, obesity) varied by racial/ethnic subgroups. Furthermore, the associations between some common risk factors and COVID-19-related outcomes also varied by race/ethnicity. Being male was related to 138.2% (95% CI: 1.996-2.841), 64.7% (95% CI: 1.546-1.755), and 37.1% (95% CI: 1.192-1.578) increased odds of death among Hispanic, White, and Black individuals, respectively. In addition, the racial/ethnic disparity in COVID-19-related outcomes could not be completely explained by the identified risk factors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Racial/ethnic differences were detected in the likelihood of having COVID-19-related outcomes, specific risk factors, and relationships between specific risk factors and COVID-19-related outcomes. Future research is needed to elucidate the reasons for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Qin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Peter Veazie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Helena Temkin-Greener
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh Makineni
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shubing Cai
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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34
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de Melo RC, Schutz V, Wachholz PA, Villalonga-Olives E, Myer D, Corazzini K, Lepore M. Long-Term Care Staff Perspectives on the Care of Persons Living With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic in São Paulo State, Brazil. J Gerontol Nurs 2023; 49:45-52. [PMID: 37126010 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20230414-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Brazilian long-term care (LTC) sector faced many challenges, which accentuated other common issues experienced by persons living with dementia (PLWD). The current pilot study evaluated staff perspectives regarding the care of institutionalized PLWD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online survey, we collected the perspectives of 24 workers from seven long-term care facilities (LTCFs) located in São Paulo State, Brazil, about the impact of COVID-19 in caring for PLWD. Results highlight concerns about challenges related to following precautionary measures and the negative effects of social distancing on PLWD. Aspects related to workforce and staffing and person-centered care approaches were recognized by staff as important to provide good care for PLWD. Future research is needed to consider how to support LTCFs in achieving a balance between the protection and well-being of PLWD. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49(5), 45-52.].
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Thunell JA, Ferido P, Zissimopoulos JM. COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality in community-dwelling racially and ethnically diverse persons living with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:1429-1439. [PMID: 36637869 PMCID: PMC10175159 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-dwelling persons living with dementia (PLWD) are vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, severity, and mortality due to the high prevalence of comorbidities, reliance on caregivers, and potential inability to employ risk reduction measures, among other factors. METHODS We used a retrospective cohort of Medicare Fee-For-Service beneficiaries enrolled from January 2018 to September 2020 (n = 13,068,583), a comparison cohort from January 2019 to April 2021 (n = 13,250,297), and logistic regression to estimate the effect of dementia on COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality in community-dwelling older persons. RESULTS COVID-19 diagnoses were higher among persons living with dementia (PLWD) than those without dementia. Conditional on COVID-19 in the 2020 cohort, White PLWD were at higher risk of hospitalization compared to White persons without dementia (aOR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.26-1.36) and marginal for Black PLWD (aOR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20), no significant differences were found within other racial/ethnic groups. PLWD were 1.8 times (aOR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.72-1.84) more likely to die within 30 days of COVID-19 on average. Within racial/ethnic groups, the estimate for White PLWD, compared with White persons without dementia, was highest (aOR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.92-2.10), followed by Black PLWD (aOR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.41-1.70), and smallest among Hispanic PLWD (aOR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24-1.50). PLWD hospitalized with COVID-19 were 1.6 times (aOR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.52-1.67) more likely to die within 30 days than similar persons without dementia. Estimates from the 2021 cohort, when vaccines were available to older persons, were similar to those in 2020. CONCLUSIONS Community-dwelling PLWD experienced worse outcomes after a COVID-19 diagnosis than their counterparts without dementia. Results demonstrating higher mortality, but not hospitalization rates, for all races/ethnicities except White PLWD suggest there may have been differential care/treatment that point to potential health care system inequities that persisted into 2021. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these differences may improve ongoing care for community-dwelling PLWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A Thunell
- Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patricia Ferido
- Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julie M Zissimopoulos
- Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Simonetti A, Bernardi E, Margoni S, Catinari A, Restaino A, Ieritano V, Palazzetti M, Mastrantonio F, Janiri D, Tosato M, Landi F, Sani G. Mixed Depression in the Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Correlation between Excitatory Symptoms in Depression and Physical Burden after COVID-19. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040688. [PMID: 37190653 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between depression and post-COVID-19 disease syndrome (post-COVID-19 syndrome) is established. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the association between post-COVID-19 syndrome and mixed depression, i.e., a specific sub-form of depression characterized by high level of excitatory symptoms. Aims of the present study are: (a) to compare the post-COVID-19 syndrome's burden in depressed and non-depressed patients, and (b) to investigate the correlation between post-COVID-19 syndrome's burden and the severity of mixed depression. One thousand and forty six (n = 1460) subjects with post-COVID-19 syndrome were assessed. Subjects were divided into those with (DEP) or without (CONT) depression. Sociodemographically, post-COVID-19 syndrome's symptoms number and type were compared. In DEP, association between levels of excitatory symptoms and the presence of post-COVID-19 syndrome's symptoms were additionally assessed. DEP showed greater percentages of family history of psychiatric disorders than CONT. DEP showed higher percentages of post-COVID-19 symptoms than CONT. A greater level of excitatory symptoms were associated to higher frequencies of post-COVID-19 syndrome' symptoms. Higher levels of post-COVID-19 syndrome's symptoms in DEP corroborate the evidence of a common pathway between these two syndromes. Presence of excitatory symptoms seem to additionally add a greater illness burden. Such findings might help clinicians choose the appropriate treatment for such states. More specifically, therapies aimed to treat excitatory symptoms, such as antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, might help reduce the illness burden in post-COVID-19 patients with mixed depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Evelina Bernardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stella Margoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Catinari
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Restaino
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ieritano
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Palazzetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Mastrantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Delfina Janiri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Department of Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Nakanishi M, Ogawa A, Sakai M, Yoshii H, Miyashita M, Yamasaki S, Nishida A. Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults with Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:307-315. [PMID: 37220619 PMCID: PMC10200199 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the longitudinal association between dementia, activity participation, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic period, and 1-year mental health changes. We obtained data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study in the United States. We included 4,548 older adult participants of two or more survey rounds between 2018 and 2021. We identified baseline dementia status, and assessed depressive symptoms and anxiety at baseline and follow-up. Dementia and poor activity participation were independently associated with an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety. Dementia care and support should address emotional and social needs under continued public health restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miharu Nakanishi
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asao Ogawa
- Division of Psycho-Oncology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mai Sakai
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Yoshii
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyashita
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Mitchell LL, Horn B, Stabler H, Birkeland RW, Peterson CM, Albers EA, Gaugler JE. Caring for a Relative With Dementia in Long-Term Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad034. [PMID: 37213326 PMCID: PMC10195573 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic introduced unprecedented threats and disruptions for caregivers of people with dementia living in residential long-term care (LTC) facilities. Qualitative and cross-sectional studies have reported substantial negative effects of the pandemic on dementia caregivers' well-being, but little to no prospective research has examined the impact of COVID-19 on caregiver well-being using pre-pandemic assessments. The present study used longitudinal data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial of a psychosocial intervention to support family caregivers whose relatives had entered LTC. Research Design and Methods Data collection began in 2016 and continued through 2021. Caregivers (N = 132) completed up to 7 assessments measuring their depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and burden. Results Latent growth curve models testing preregistered hypotheses revealed no significant effects of the pandemic on caregiver outcomes on average, though caregivers varied in terms of individual intercepts and slopes. Furthermore, factors such as caregiver-care recipient relationship closeness, care recipient's COVID-19 infection status, and caregivers' ratings of LTC facilities' COVID-19 policies did not significantly moderate trajectories of well-being. Discussion and Implications Findings highlight the heterogeneity of caregivers' experiences during the pandemic, and suggest caution when interpreting cross-sectional findings on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregiver well-being and distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Mitchell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Emmanuel College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brenna Horn
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Henry Stabler
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robyn W Birkeland
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Colleen M Peterson
- Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elle A Albers
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph E Gaugler
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Hodge E, Oversby S, Chor J. Why are some outbreaks worse than others? COVID-19 outbreak management strategies from a PHU perspective. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:597. [PMID: 36997870 PMCID: PMC10060923 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From a Public Health Unit (PHU) perspective, this review aimed to examine factors associated with adverse outbreak outcomes, to identify evidence based focal strategies of managing COVID-19 outbreaks in aged care settings. METHODS A retrospective review of PHU documentation examined all 55 COVID-19 outbreaks in Wide Bay RACFs across the first 3 COVID-19 waves in Queensland, through thematic and statistical analysis. . RESULTS Thematic analysis using the framework approach identified 5 themes associated with outcomes of COVID-19 outbreaks in RACFs. These were analysed for statistical significance against outbreak outcomes including duration, attack rate and case fatality rate. There was a significant relationship between memory support unit (MSU) involvement and adverse outbreak outcomes. Attack rate was significantly associated with communication frequency, symptom monitoring and case detection approach, staff shortages and cohorting. Staff shortages were also significantly associated with a prolonged outbreak duration. There was no statistically significant relationship between outbreak outcomes and resource availability or infection control strategy. . CONCLUSIONS This emphasises the importance of frequent communication between PHUs and RACFs during active outbreaks, as well as the need for regular symptom monitoring and prompt case detection, to minimise viral transmission. Staff shortages and cohorting are also crucial factors to be addressed during outbreak management. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH This review adds to the evidence basis of COVID-19 outbreak management strategies to improve PHU advice to RACFs, to mitigate viral transmission and ultimately reduce the burden of disease associated with COVID-19 and other communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hodge
- Wide Bay Public Health Unit (WBPHU), Queensland Health, Hervey Bay, Australia.
| | - Shannen Oversby
- Wide Bay Public Health Unit (WBPHU), Queensland Health, Hervey Bay, Australia
| | - Josette Chor
- Wide Bay Public Health Unit (WBPHU), Queensland Health, Hervey Bay, Australia
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Beach B, Steel N, Steptoe A, Zaninotto P. Associations of cognitive impairment with self-isolation and access to health and care during the COVID-19 pandemic in England. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5026. [PMID: 36977759 PMCID: PMC10043531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This research explored experiences across three cognitive function groups (no impairment, mild impairment, and dementia) with respect to shielding (either self-isolating or staying at home), COVID-19 infection, and access to health/care services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyses were conducted using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) COVID-19 sub-study collected in 2020. We report bivariate estimates across our outcomes of interest by cognitive function group along with multivariate regression results adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, and health characteristics. Rates of shielding were high across all cognitive function groups and three measured time points (April, June/July, and Nov/Dec 2020), ranging from 74.6% (95% confidence interval 72.9-76.2) for no impairment in Nov/Dec to 96.7% (92.0-98.7) for dementia in April (bivariate analysis). 44.1% (33.5-55.3) of those with dementia experienced disruption in access to community health services by June/July compared to 34.9% (33.2-36.7) for no impairment. A higher proportion of those with mild impairment reported hospital-based cancellations in June/July (23.1% (20.1-26.4)) and Nov/Dec (16.3% (13.4-19.7)) than those with no impairment (18.0% (16.6-19.4) and 11.7% (10.6-12.9)). Multivariate adjusted models found that those with dementia were 2.4 (1.1-5.0) times more likely than those with no impairment to be shielding in June/July. All other multivariate analyses found no statistically significant differences between cognitive function groups. People with dementia were more likely than people with no impairment to be shielding early in the pandemic, but importantly they were no more likely to experience disruption to services or hospital treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Beach
- UCL Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Nicholas Steel
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- UCL Research Department of Behavioural Science & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Zaninotto
- UCL Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Pereira MG, Gonçalves AF, Brito L. The Moderating Role of Self-Care Behaviors in Personal Care Aides of Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5177. [PMID: 36982086 PMCID: PMC10049579 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges and work changes for formal caregivers such as personal care aides with an impact on their quality of life (QoL). This cross-sectional study aims to analyze the relationships and contribution of sociodemographic and psychological variables towards QoL including the moderating role of self-care. This study included 127 formal caregivers from Portugal who were assessed on depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21); professional self-care (SCAP); quality of life (SF-12); COVID-19 traumatic stress (COVID-19TSC) and preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors (PCOVID-19 IBS). Professional self-care was positively associated with QoL and also moderated the relationship between distress and QoL (p < 0.001). According to results, nursing homes should provide formal caregivers, such as personal care aides, with the professional support they need in order to promote their QoL and prevent burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Graça Pereira
- Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Laura Brito
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Shrestha P, Fick DM, Boltz M, Loeb SJ, High AC. Caregiving for Persons Living With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Family Care Partners. J Gerontol Nurs 2023; 49:27-33. [PMID: 36852990 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20230209-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Persons living with dementia (PLWD) are at increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and poorer outcomes if they contract the disease. COVID-19 may also change and exacerbate usual stresses of family caregiving. The current qualitative descriptive study examined 14 family care partners' (FCPs) experiences and perspectives on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted them, their care recipients, and their caregiving for their care recipients. Thematic analysis of interviews generated five themes: Cautious of COVID-19 Exposure, Challenges of Balancing COVID-19 Restrictions With Caregiving, Shared Loneliness, Functional Decline, and Communication Challenges With PLWD and Health Care Professionals (HCPs). FCPs are integral to the care of PLWD across care settings. The time is now to plan for changes in policy that will safely maintain FCPs' visitation with their care recipients with dementia and allow for partnering with HCPs to avoid the long-lasting negative effects on older adults' health and function. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49(3), 27-33.].
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Dawson E, Collins R, Pentecost C, Stapley S, Quinn C, Charlwood C, Victor C, Clare L. Navigating the coronavirus pandemic 2 years on: Experiences of people with dementia from the British IDEAL cohort. DEMENTIA 2023; 22:760-782. [PMID: 36827539 PMCID: PMC9969185 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231158215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES People with dementia have been affected in unique ways during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is not known whether the impact of the pandemic has changed with time or with the changes in social restrictions. This study explored how experiences of coping with the effects of the pandemic in the UK changed over time. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with people with dementia living in the community in England and Wales who had taken part in a qualitative interview at an earlier stage of the pandemic. We applied framework analysis to identify themes and compared these with interviewees' previous accounts. FINDINGS Nine people aged between 51 and 89 years were interviewed; four were female and five had early onset dementia. We identified three themes: 1. Navigating a changing world: Living with coronavirus; 2. A 'downward spiral': Managing advancing dementia; and 3. Availability, accessibility, and suitability of support. Findings reflect participants' ongoing caution about re-emerging from social restrictions to resume valued activities, and how this led to coping behaviours to minimise the impact on wellbeing in the absence of formal support and services. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Despite easing of restrictions across the UK, the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic on people with dementia continues. Whilst individuals and services have adapted to some of the challenges, there is now an opportunity to rebuild support networks and services to ensure people with dementia are suitably advised, supported and socially engaged to allow them to live as well as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Dawson
- University of Exeter Medical School, 3286University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rachel Collins
- University of Exeter Medical School, 3286University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Claire Pentecost
- University of Exeter Medical School, 3286University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sally Stapley
- University of Exeter Medical School, 3286University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Catherine Quinn
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, 1905University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Christina Victor
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, 3890Brunel University London, UK
| | - Linda Clare
- University of Exeter Medical School, 3286University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South-West Peninsula, Exeter, UK
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Choi JH, Koo BH, Seo WS, Cheon EJ, Sung HM, Kim JY, Jeong HS, Kim Y, Kim HG. Characteristics of Cognitive Function Changes and Related Factors in Individuals With Cognitive Impairment During the Pandemic of COVID-19: A Retrospective Chart Review Study. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:109-119. [PMID: 36891595 PMCID: PMC9996141 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the characteristics and factors related to changes in cognitive function in vulnerable individuals with cognitive impairment during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS Among patients who visited a local university hospital with subjective cognitive complaints, those who had been tested for cognitive function at least once after the onset of COVID-19 and tested regularly at least three times within the last 5 years were included (1st, the initial screening; 2nd, the test immediately before the COVID-19 pandemic; 3rd, the most recent test after the pandemic). Finally, 108 patients were included in this study. They were divided into groups according to whether the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) was maintained/improved and deteriorated. We investigated the characteristics of the changes in cognitive function and related factors during COVID-19. RESULTS When comparing CDR changes before and after COVID-19, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.317). Alternatively, the main effect of the time when the test was conducted was significant (p<0.001). There was also a significant difference in the interaction between the groups and time. When the effect of the interaction was analyzed, the CDR score of the maintained/ improved group significantly decreased before COVID-19 (1st-2nd) (p=0.045). After COVID-19 (2nd-3rd), the CDR score of the deteriorated group was significantly higher than that of the maintained/improved group (p<0.001). Mini-Mental State Examination recall memory and changes in activity during COVID-19 were significantly associated with CDR deterioration. CONCLUSION Memory dysfunction and decreased activity during the COVID-19 pandemic are strongly related to the deterioration of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Choi
- Gimcheon Medical Center, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hoon Koo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seok Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Cheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Mo Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Medical Center, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yean Kim
- Department of Psychology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Jeong
- Department of Psychology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyo Kim
- Department of Psychology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Geum Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the behavior and physical health of dogs in Rio de Janeiro state: Reflections on the quality of life of dogs and their owners. J Vet Behav 2023; 60:37-43. [PMID: 36531836 PMCID: PMC9741960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the routines of people, consequently changing the daily lives of their pets. Behavioral and emotional changes caused by the stress resulting from restrictions of social isolation and their consequences in the human-animal relationship have been discussed. However, there are still no studies that identify the factors that affect behavior and which are the most susceptible groups. The purpose of this study is to identify behavioral and emotional changes on dogs during the COVID-19 pandemic and their effects on the quality of life of animals and their owners. The methodology used was online questionnaires, which were posted on social networks aimed to dog owners in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The results showed that age, sex, dog size, type of home, and restrictions imposed differently affected the type of behavioral change. However, the most frequent type of change was the worsening of previous conditions. Neutered behaviors directly interfered in the lives of owners and their pets, as owners managed the situation and sought information without guidance from a veterinarian, with the possibly consequence of worsening the situation in the future. Veterinarians should actively investigate behavioral changes that have occurred through anamnesis to avoid abandonment and instability in the human-animal relationship.
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Coe AB, Montoya A, Chang CH, Park PS, Bynum JP, Shireman TI, Zhang T, McCreedy EM, Gerlach LB. Behavioral symptoms, depression symptoms, and medication use in Michigan nursing home residents with dementia during COVID-19. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:414-422. [PMID: 36349415 PMCID: PMC9877723 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted nursing home (NH) care, including visitation restrictions, reduced staffing levels, and changes in routine care. These challenges may have led to increased behavioral symptoms, depression symptoms, and central nervous system (CNS)-active medication use among long-stay NH residents with dementia. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study including Michigan long-stay (≥100 days) NH residents aged ≥65 with dementia based on Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021. Residents with schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, or Huntington's disease were excluded. Outcomes were the monthly prevalence of behavioral symptoms (i.e., Agitated Reactive Behavior Scale ≥ 1), depression symptoms (i.e., Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]-9 ≥ 10, reflecting at least moderate depression), and CNS-active medication use (e.g., antipsychotics). Demographic, clinical, and facility characteristics were included. Using an interrupted time series design, we compared outcomes over two periods: Period 1: January 1, 2018-February 28, 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and Period 2: March 1, 2020-June 30, 2021 (during COVID-19). RESULTS We included 37,427 Michigan long-stay NH residents with dementia. The majority were female, 80 years or older, White, and resided in a for-profit NH facility. The percent of NH residents with moderate depression symptoms increased during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 (4.0% vs 2.9%, slope change [SC] = 0.03, p < 0.05). Antidepressant, antianxiety, antipsychotic and opioid use increased during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 (SC = 0.41, p < 0.001, SC = 0.17, p < 0.001, SC = 0.07, p < 0.05, and SC = 0.24, p < 0.001, respectively). No significant changes in hypnotic use or behavioral symptoms were observed. CONCLUSIONS Michigan long-stay NH residents with dementia had a higher prevalence of depression symptoms and CNS active-medication use during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. During periods of increased isolation, facility-level policies to regularly assess depression symptoms and appropriate CNS-active medication use are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette B. Coe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ana Montoya
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chiang-Hua Chang
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pil S. Park
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Julie P.W. Bynum
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa I. Shireman
- Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence Rhode Island
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence Rhode Island
| | - Ellen M. McCreedy
- Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence Rhode Island
| | - Lauren B. Gerlach
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Waters CJ. Supporting person-centred dementia care following the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Stand 2023; 38:37-41. [PMID: 36317537 DOI: 10.7748/ns.2022.e11876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nurses have experienced increased workplace pressures in part due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which exacerbated challenges in the delivery of person-centred dementia care. This article examines how people with dementia were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as exploring the ongoing effects on nurses and the care they provide for people with dementia. The author discusses the importance of dementia awareness and education for nurses that supports them to promote the needs of people with the condition. The article also outlines how nurse leaders can promote person-centred care for people with dementia through reflection and clinical supervision.
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Xu YA, Wang Y, Kim SSY, Kim DOD, Sun Y, McLaughlin ML. Safe at home: Acceptance of surveillance technology among caregivers for persons with dementia. Health Informatics J 2023; 29:14604582231152188. [PMID: 36680337 DOI: 10.1177/14604582231152188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of dementia calls for effective and innovative approaches to alleviate societal and personal burdens. Aging in place is a sustainable paradigm which ensures the best utilization of societal resources, supports caregivers, secures normalcy, and optimizes care for persons with dementia (PwD). Home-based surveillance technology can support PwD in safely aging in place. This study examines factors associated with the adoption of home-based surveillance technologies among unpaid dementia caregivers. Through an online survey (N = 203), we apply ordinal logistic regression to identify five variables that predict the likelihood of caregivers' surveillance technology adoption for dementia care. The predictors are caregivers': (1) trouble concerns about PwD, (2) online support group membership, (3) perceived social norms regarding surveillance technology use, (4) perceived usefulness of surveillance devices, and (5) depth of information and communication technologies (ICT) use. Theoretical and practical implications for dementia healthcare are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Aveva Xu
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunwen Wang
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steffie Sofia Yeonjoo Kim
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Do Own Donna Kim
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yao Sun
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret L McLaughlin
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Telehealth Support for Dementia Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From the NYU Family Support Program. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:14-21. [PMID: 36167652 PMCID: PMC9424119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In response to the needs of dementia caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic, the NYU Langone Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Family Support Program (FSP) quickly transitioned to providing most services online. To understand how dementia caregivers experienced FSP services after the switch to video telehealth, we conducted qualitative interviews of spouse or partner dementia caregivers. PARTICIPANTS Ten participants were recruited from a convenience sample of dementia spouse or partner caregivers who used one or more online FSP services offered during the pandemic. DESIGN Caregivers engaged in semi-structured interviews held via videoconference between May and June 2020. Qualitative analysis of interviews was conducted according to the principles of framework analysis. RESULTS Caregivers reported high satisfaction with the FSP pre-pandemic and continued to feel supported when services were provided online. They transitioned to video telehealth services with little difficulty. CONCLUSIONS While video telehealth is frequently cited as beneficial for those in rural communities, socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, or homebound individuals, our findings suggest that video telehealth is also advantageous for dementia caregivers, given their unique barriers, including lack of time due to caregiving responsibilities, lack of respite care for the person with dementia, and the additional burdens of travel time to access in-person services.
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50
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Pereiro AX, Leiva D, Galvañ A, Pinazo-Hernandis S, Pinazo-Clapés C, Dosil-Díaz C, Felpete A, Facal D. Psychological and functional impacts associated with restrictions in long-term care facilities (LTCF) due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicentre study. Aging Ment Health 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36537244 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2158306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To analyze the impacts of the restrictions implemented in LTCF during the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological and functional status of older adults. Design: A retrospective multicentre study is designed. We hypothesize that the negative effects of the restrictions will lead to a higher rate of decline between the measures taken immediately before and after the lockdown than between the two measures taken before the lockdown. Setting and participants: 365 participants recruited in four Spanish LTCFs in Galicia and Valencia.Methods: Impacts of restrictions on cognitive (MMSE), affective (GDS) and functional status (Barthel index, Tinetti) were analyzed by Linear Mixed Models with random intercepts, random slopes, and personal and contextual factors as covariates.Results: Social measures covaried significantly with the cognitive and functional status but did not predict longitudinal change. MMSE, Barthel index and Tinetti scores decreased significantly across pre- and post-lockdown measurement times, but only the Tinetti scores showed a specific impact of the restrictions.Conclusions: Only performance-based functional measures showed the real impact of restrictions. The findings highlight the importance of having data from several pre-lockdown measurements to enable identification of changes that can be causally attributed to the restrictions. The findings also support the resilience of older adults in mitigating the effect of the restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A X Pereiro
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - D Leiva
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - A Galvañ
- Department of Social Psychology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Pinazo-Hernandis
- Department of Social Psychology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Pinazo-Clapés
- Department of Social Psychology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Dosil-Díaz
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - A Felpete
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - D Facal
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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