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Oken BS, Kaplan J, Klee D, Gallegos AM. Contributions of loneliness to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults are independent of other risk factors and Alzheimer's pathology: a narrative review. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1380002. [PMID: 38873650 PMCID: PMC11169707 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1380002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Loneliness significantly contributes to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. Loneliness is a distressing feeling resulting from a perceived lack of social connection (i.e., a discrepancy between desired and actual social relationships), while social isolation is a related term that can be defined by number and type of social relationships. Importantly, loneliness is distinct from social isolation in that it is associated with a distressing self-perception. The primary focus of this narrative review is the impact of chronic loneliness on cognitive impairment and dementia among older adults. Loneliness has a significant association with many factors that are related to worse cognition, and therefore we include discussion on health, mental health, as well as the physiological effects of loneliness, neuropathology, and potential treatments. Loneliness has been shown to be related to development of dementia with a hazard ratio (HR) risk comparable to having a single APOE4 gene. The relationship of dementia to loneliness appears to be at least partially independent of other known dementia risk factors that are possibly associated with loneliness, such as depression, educational status, social isolation, and physical activity. Episodic memory is not consistently impacted by loneliness, which would be more typically impaired if the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia was due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In addition, the several longitudinal studies that included neuropathology showed no evidence for a relationship between loneliness and AD neuropathology. Loneliness may decrease resilience, or produce greater cognitive change associated with the same level of AD neuropathology. Intervention strategies to decrease loneliness in older adults have been developed but need to consider key treatment targets beyond social isolation. Loneliness needs to be assessed in all studies of cognitive decline in elders, since it significantly contributes to the variance of cognitive function. It will be useful to better define the underlying mechanism of loneliness effects on cognition to determine if it is similar to other psychological factors related to excessive stress reactivity, such as neuroticism or even depression, which are also associated with cognitive decline. It is important from a health perspective to develop better strategies to decrease loneliness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry S. Oken
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Josh Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Daniel Klee
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Autumn M. Gallegos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Almishri W, Altonsy MO, Swain MG. Cholestatic liver disease leads to significant adaptative changes in neural circuits regulating social behavior in mice to enhance sociability. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167100. [PMID: 38412926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholestatic liver diseases (CLD) are commonly associated with behavioral changes, including social isolation, that negatively affects patient quality of life and remains unaltered by current therapies. It remains unclear whether CLD-associated social dysfunction stems from a direct effect on the brain, or from the psychological impact of CLD. The psychological component of disease is absent in animals, so we investigated the impact of CLD on social behavior and gene expression profiles in key social behavior-regulating brain regions in a mouse model. METHODS CLD due to bile duct ligation was used with the three-chamber sociability test for behavioral phenotyping. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) signatures were delineated in 3 key brain regions regulating social behavior using RNA-seq. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®) was applied to streamline DEG data interpretation and integrate findings with social behavior-regulating pathways to identify important brain molecular networks and regulatory mechanisms disrupted in CLD. RESULTS CLD mice exhibited enhanced social interactive behavior and significantly altered gene expression in each of the three social behavior-regulating brain regions examined. DEG signatures in BDL mice were associated with key IPA®-identified social behavior-regulating pathways including Oxytocin in Brain Signaling, GABA Receptor Signaling, Dopamine Receptor Signaling, and Glutamate Receptor Signaling. CONCLUSIONS CLD causes complex alterations in gene expression profiles in key social behavior-regulating brain areas/pathways linked to enhanced social interactive behavior. These findings, if paralleled in CLD patients, suggest that CLD-associated reductions in social interactions predominantly relate to psychological impacts of disease and may inform new approaches to improve management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdi Almishri
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammed O Altonsy
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mark G Swain
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; University of Calgary Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Pohl JS, Fleury J. Behavioral activation for family caregiver connectedness: Adaptation of an evidenced based intervention. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 56:285-290. [PMID: 38412635 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Informal caregivers of older adults with chronic illness have unique barriers to social connection. As the older adult population increases, individualized interventions are urgently needed to address the social disconnection experienced across generations of informal caregivers. Adapting an evidenced-based intervention to target social connectedness and leverage technology-mediated communication may be a promising approach. This article describes the adaptation of the Brief Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression-Revised intervention using elements of the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced. Facilitating the comprehensive documentation of modifications made, we discuss the (a) rationale for modifications, (b) timing and approach to modifications, (c) nature of context and content modifications, and (d) fidelity in modifications. The Behavioral Activation for Family Caregiver Connectedness intervention addresses unique barriers to caregiver social connection with individualized value-based plans. Modifications to content and delivery reflect the goal of improving intervention fit in the context of social connectedness experienced by informal caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S Pohl
- Arizona State University, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, 500 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Julie Fleury
- Arizona State University, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, 500 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
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Puto G, Cybulski M, Kędziora-Kornatowska K, Doroszkiewicz H, Muszalik M. Sleep Quality in Older People: The Impact of Age, Professional Activity, Financial Situation, and Chronic Diseases During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941648. [PMID: 38083823 PMCID: PMC10725042 DOI: 10.12659/msm.941648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic negatively affected health and social life, notably deteriorating sleep quality in older adults. Studies report inconsistent findings on sleep disturbances during this period, influenced by various physiological, emotional, and sociodemographic factors. This study aimed to identify these determining factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted among 342 people 60 years of age or older participating in online classes of randomly selected Senior Clubs and the University of the Third Age in the southern regions of Poland. RESULTS Sleep problems (PSQI >5 points) were diagnosed in 250 subjects (83.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the quality of sleep significantly depends on: age, as people aged 66-70 were more likely to have better sleep quality than people aged 60-65 (OR=3.07), and those over 70 scored better than people aged 60-65 (OR=2.87); current job - employed people have a better chance of better sleep quality (OR=3.08) than unemployed people; financial situation, people assessing their financial situation as very good/good had a better chance of better sleep quality (OR=2.00) compared to people assessing their financial situation as very bad, bad/average; chronic diseases, people without chronic diseases had a chance of better sleep quality (OR=2.45) than people with chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Age, financial situation, current job, and chronic disease were the most important factors determining sleep quality in older people. The identification of factors affecting sleep quality can be used as important data to develop interventions and programs to improve sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Puto
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cybulski
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Marta Muszalik
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Liao SJ, Fang YW, Liu TT. Exploration of related factors of suicide ideation in hospitalized older adults. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:749. [PMID: 37974110 PMCID: PMC10655411 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rapid aging of the population structure, and the suicide ideation rate also increasing year by year, the ratio of people over 65 to the total number of deaths is increasing yearly. The study provides a reference for researchers interested in older adults' care to explore SI further affecting older adults in the future and provide a reference for qualitative research methods or interventional measures. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore the influence of mental health status, life satisfaction, and depression status on suicidal ideation (SI) among hospitalized older adults. METHODS In a cross-sectional correlation study, taking inpatients over 65 years old in a regional teaching hospital in eastern Taiwan, and the BSRS-5 ≧ 5 points of the screening cases, a total of 228 older adults agree to conduct data analysis in this study. Mainly explore the influence of personal characteristics, mental health status, life satisfaction, and depressed mood on SI among the hospitalized older adults. The basic attributes of the cases used in the data, mental health status, cognitive function, quality of life, depression, and suicide ideation, the data obtained were statistically analyzed with SPSS 20/Windows, and the descriptive statistics were average, standard deviation, percentage, median, etc. In the part of inference statistics, independent sample t-test, single-factor analysis of variance, Pearson performance difference correlation, and logistic regression analysis were used to detect important predictors of SI. RESULTS Research results in (1) 89.5% of hospitalized older adults have a tendency to depression. 2.26.3% of the older adults had SI. (2) Here are significant differences in the scores of SI among hospitalized older adults in different economic status groups and marital status groups. (3) The age, marital status, and quality of life of the hospitalized older adults were negatively correlated with SI; economic status, self-conscious health, mental health, and depression were positively correlated with SI. (4) The results of the mental health status and SI is (r = .345, p < .001), higher the score on the BSRS-5 scale, the higher the SI. The correlation between the depression scale score (SDS-SF) and SI was (r = .150, p < .05), the higher the depression scale score, the higher the SI. CONCLUSION The results of the study found that there was a statistically significant correlation between SI in older adults and age, marital status, economic status, mental health, quality of life, and depression, and also showed that they might interact with each other; the older adults in BSRS-5, GDS-SF, quality of life scale scores have statistically significant differences as essential predictors of SI. The results of this study suggest that medical staff can use the BSRS-5 scale to quickly screen and evaluate the mental health status of older adults, hoping to detect early and provide preventive measures, thereby improving the quality of life of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Liao
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Fang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Tse-Tsung Liu
- Department of Family Physician and Geriatrician, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Lee KH, Jun JS. Grief, Social Support, Spirituality, and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in Assisted Living in Kansas. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED SOCIAL WORK (2019) 2023; 20:765-779. [PMID: 37843264 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2023.2211970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of grief, social support, as well as spirituality on the depressive symptoms of older adults in assisted living in Kansas. This study tested three hypotheses: a high level of grief will be related to a high level of depressive symptoms; high levels of social support (family, friends, and significant persons) will be associated with a low level of depressive symptoms; and high levels of spiritual experience and coping will be associated with a low level of depressive symptoms. METHODS This study recruited 316 older adult residents aged 65 or over from seven assisted living facilities in Kansas. This cross-sectional survey was done by face-to-face interviews using the purposive sampling method. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the three sets of variables in relation to depressive symptoms: socio-demographics, social support factors, and spiritual factors. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 82.6 years, ranging from 65 to 102; 70.9% were female. Married participants consisted of 18.7%, and over 64% were widowed. Hierarchical multivariate regression results indicated that a high level of grief was significantly related to a high level of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, high levels of social support from friends and spiritual coping were significantly associated with a low level of depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Assisted living facilities may consider developing appropriate bereavement, social support, and spiritual intervention programs, which will alleviate the depression issues of older adult residents after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hag Lee
- School of Social Work, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Jung Sim Jun
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Goelman G, Dan R, Bezdicek O, Jech R. Directed functional connectivity of the sensorimotor system in young and older individuals. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1222352. [PMID: 37881361 PMCID: PMC10597721 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1222352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies in the sensorimotor system of older versus young individuals have shown alterations in functional connectivity and organization. Our objective was to explore the implications of these differences in terms of local organizations, and to identify processes that correlate with neuropsychological parameters. Methods Using a novel multivariate analysis method on resting-state functional MRI data obtained from 50 young and 31 older healthy individuals, we identified directed 4-node functional pathways within the sensorimotor system and examined their correlations with neuropsychological assessments. Results In young individuals, the functional pathways were unidirectional, flowing from the primary motor and sensory cortices to higher motor and visual regions. In older individuals, the functional pathways were more complex. They originated either from the calcarine sulcus or the insula and passed through mutually coupled high-order motor areas before reaching the primary sensory and motor cortices. Additionally, the pathways in older individuals that resembled those found in young individuals exhibited a positive correlation with years of education. Discussion The flow pattern of young individuals suggests efficient and fast information transfer. In contrast, the mutual coupling of high-order motor regions in older individuals suggests an inefficient and slow transfer, a less segregated and a more integrated organization. The differences in the number of sensorimotor pathways and of their directionality suggests reduced efferent degenerated pathways and increased afferent compensated pathways. Furthermore, the positive effect of years of education may be associated with the Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis, implying that cognitive reserve could be maintained through specific information transfer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Goelman
- Department of Neurology, Ginges Center of Neurogenetics Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rotem Dan
- Department of Neurology, Ginges Center of Neurogenetics Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ondrej Bezdicek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Jo H, Baek EM. Social isolation in COVID-19: a comparative study between Korea and Vietnam. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1556. [PMID: 37582702 PMCID: PMC10428539 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation has become a pressing issue worldwide, deeply affecting individuals' mental and physical well-being. This study introduces a theoretical model to understand the factors influencing social isolation in the context of this global health crisis. We employed a survey methodology, collecting data from Korean and Vietnamese university students through a Google survey form. The theoretical model was evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM), and multi-group analysis (MGA) was used to assess differences between the Korean and Vietnamese student groups. The investigation centered on affective risk perception, cognitive risk perception, social distancing attitude, social distancing intention, and demographic factors like age and gender. Our findings revealed that affective and cognitive risk perceptions have significant positive impacts on attitudes toward social distancing. Furthermore, attitudes towards social distancing were found to significantly influence social distancing intentions. Interestingly, social distancing intention was found to have a significant positive correlation with social isolation. Lastly, demographic factors such as gender and age were found to be significant factors influencing social isolation. Specifically, gender had a positive association, while age showed a negative correlation with social isolation. Moreover, our MGA results showed that the relationship between social distancing intention and social isolation significantly differed between the Korean and Vietnamese student groups, indicating potential cultural or societal influences on this relationship. Such understanding could inform policies and strategies aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of social isolation in the wake of global health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jo
- HJ Institute of Technology and Management, 71 Jungdong-Ro 39 104-1602, Gyeonggi-Do, 14721, Bucheon-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Baek
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Law YW, Lok RHT, Chiang B, Lai CCS, Tsui SHM, Chung PYJ, Leung SC. Effects of Community-Based Caring Contact in Reducing Thwarted Belongingness Among Postdischarge Young Adults With Self-Harm: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e43526. [PMID: 37585260 PMCID: PMC10468708 DOI: 10.2196/43526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with self-harm behaviors, the urge to hurt themselves persists after hospital discharge, leading to costly readmissions and even death. Hence, postdischarge intervention programs that reduce self-harm behavior among patients should be part of a cogent community mental health care policy. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether a combination of a self-help mobile app and volunteer support could complement treatment as usual (TAU) to reduce the risk of suicide among these patients. METHODS We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial on discharged patients aged between 18 and 45 years with self-harm episodes/suicide attempts, all of whom were recruited from 4 hospital emergency departments in Hong Kong. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) mobile app + TAU ("apps"), (2) mobile app + volunteer support + TAU ("volunteers"), or (3) TAU only as the control group ("TAU"). They were asked to submit a mobile app-based questionnaire during 4 measurement time points at monthly intervals. RESULTS A total of 40 participants were recruited. Blending volunteer care with a preprogrammed mobile app was found to be effective in improving service compliance. Drawing upon the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide, our findings suggested that a reduction in perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness through community-based caring contact are linked to improvement in hopelessness, albeit a transient one, and suicide risk. CONCLUSIONS A combination of volunteer care with a self-help mobile app as a strategy for strengthening the continuity of care can be cautiously implemented for discharged patients at risk of self-harm during the transition from the hospital to a community setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03081078; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03081078.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Wa Law
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rita Hui Ting Lok
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Byron Chiang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Chui Shan Lai
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Pui Yin Joseph Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Chung Leung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Guest MA, Hunter EG, Schoenberg NE. Making Home: The Role of Social Networks on Identity, Health, and Quality of Life Among Rural Lesbian and Gay Older Adults. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad082. [PMID: 37727599 PMCID: PMC10506171 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Gay and lesbian older persons face a host of health inequalities related to their identity as they age. Challenges to health access and appropriate social support may be even more exacerbated for those living in rural environments; this may be due to the lack of supportive and affirming social connections. This project aimed to explore and describe the social networks and the relationship of these social networks to identity, health, and quality of life of gay and lesbian individuals in rural communities. Research Design and Methods Social network data on network type, size, and social capital were collected and supplemented by quantitative questionnaires relating to health, quality of life, marginalization, and identity. Results Participants (N = 25) were recruited from three states. Thirteen participants self-identified as gay and 12 as lesbian. All but one identified as non-Hispanic White. The average age of all participants was 60.32 years. Findings indicate that rural gay and lesbian individuals develop networks with little consideration for network members' acceptance of their identity. Participants reported an average network size of 9.32 individuals. Gay men reported higher perceptual affinity (.69) than lesbian participants (.62). Lesbian networks showed significantly (p = .0262) greater demographic similarity (.58) than aging gay men's networks (.55). Aging gay men (.89) reported statistically stronger (p = .0078) network ties than aging lesbian females (.78). Among participants in this study, network size is not correlated with the health and quality of life of rural aging lesbian and gay individuals. Still, personal identity congruence does appear to relate to health and quality of life. Discussion and Implications The findings highlight the collective need to continue research into sexual minority aging and rural sexual minority aging, particularly employing novel methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Aaron Guest
- Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Hunter
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Bhardwaj T, Donovan NJ. Loneliness and Dementia in Context. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:487-490. [PMID: 37032257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Twisha Bhardwaj
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital (T.B., N.J.D.), Boston, MA
| | - Nancy J Donovan
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital (T.B., N.J.D.), Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School (N.J.D.), Boston, MA.
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Yun I, Park YS, Park EC, Jung HW, Shin J. Associations of social interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic with cognitive function among the South Korean older adults. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:395. [PMID: 37380976 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to demonstrate the associations between social interactions within social distancing norms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and cognitive function among South Korean older adults. METHODS Data from the 2017 and 2020 Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons were used. There were 18,813 participants (7,539 males; 11,274 females). T-test and multiple logistic regression analyses verified whether the mean difference in older adults' cognitive function before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was statistically significant. We also examined the associations between social interactions and cognitive function. The key results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS All participants were more likely to experience cognitive impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic than before (males: OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.3-1.78; females: OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14-1.40). Cognitive impairment increased linearly with the decreased frequency of face-to-face contact with non-cohabiting children. Possible cognitive impairment was greater for females who had not visited senior welfare centers for the past year (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.21-1.69). CONCLUSION Korean older adults' cognitive function declined during the COVID-19 pandemic and was associated with reduced social interactions because of social distancing measures. Alternative interventions should be promoted for safely restoring social networks, considering the adverse effects of long-term social distancing on older adults' mental health and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Yun
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shin Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-to, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Won Jung
- Division of Geriatrics, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-to, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Li M, Rao W, Su Y, Sul Y, Caron G, D'Arcy C, Fleury MJ, Meng X. Psychological interventions for loneliness and social isolation among older adults during medical pandemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2023; 52:7192245. [PMID: 37290121 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is little research conducted to systematically synthesize the evidence on psychological interventions for social isolation and loneliness among older adults during medical pandemics. This systematic review aims to address this information gap and provides guidance for planning and implementing interventions to prevent and reduce loneliness and social isolation for older adults, especially during medical pandemics. METHODS Four electronic databases (EMBASE, PsychoInfo, Medline and Web of Science) and grey literature from 1 January 2000 to 13 September 2022 were searched for eligible studies on loneliness and social isolation. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment on key study characteristics were conducted independently by two researchers. Both qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were used. RESULTS The initial search yielded 3,116 titles. Of the 215 full texts reviewed, 12 intervention articles targeting loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic met the inclusion criteria. No studies were found concerning intervention with respect to social isolation. Overall, interventions targeting social skills and the elimination of negativities effectively alleviated the feelings of loneliness in the older population. However, they had only short-term effects. CONCLUSION This review systematically summarised the key characteristics and the effectiveness of existing interventions addressing loneliness in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future interventions should focus on social skills and eliminating negativities and be tailored to the needs and characteristics of older people. Repeated larger-scale randomized controlled trials and long-term effectiveness evaluations on this topic are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A1, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Wenwang Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A1, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A1, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Youngjoo Sul
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G4, Canada
| | - Gabriel Caron
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E5, Canada
| | - Marie-Josee Fleury
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A1, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A1, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
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14
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Oh DJ, Yang HW, Suh SW, Byun S, Kim TH, Kwak KP, Kim BJ, Kim SG, Kim JL, Moon SW, Park JH, Ryu SH, Lee DW, Lee SB, Lee JJ, Jhoo JH, Bae JB, Han JW, Kim KW. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2992-2999. [PMID: 37449487 PMCID: PMC8692844 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are growing concerns about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of older adults. We examined the effect of the pandemic on the risk of depression in older adults. METHODS We analyzed data from the prospective cohort study of Korean older adults, which has been followed every 2 years. Among the 2308 participants who completed both the third and the fourth follow-up assessments, 58.4% completed their fourth follow-up before the outbreak of COVID-19 and the rest completed it during the pandemic. We conducted face-to-face diagnostic interviews using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and used Geriatric Depression Scale. We performed generalized estimating equations and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased depressive symptoms in older adults [b (standard error) = 0.42 (0.20), p = 0.040] and a doubling of the risk for incident depressive disorder even in euthymic older adults without a history of depression (odds ratio = 2.44, 95% confidence interval 1.18-5.02, p = 0.016). Less social activities, which was associated with the risk of depressive disorder before the pandemic, was not associated with the risk of depressive disorder during the pandemic. However, less family gatherings, which was not associated with the risk of depressive disorder before the pandemic, was associated with the doubled risk of depressive disorder during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic significantly influences the risk of late-life depression in the community. Older adults with a lack of family gatherings may be particularly vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Jong Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Won Yang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Seung Wan Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonjeong Byun
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Tae Hui Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyung Phil Kwak
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Bong Jo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Shin Gyeom Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jeong Lan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seok Woo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Korea
| | - Joon Hyuk Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Bum Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jin Hyeong Jhoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jong Bin Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggido, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Been S, Byeon H. Predicting Depression in Older Adults after the COVID-19 Pandemic Using ICF Model. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1181. [PMID: 37108014 PMCID: PMC10138015 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test a predictive model for depression in older adults in the community after the COVID-19 pandemic and identify influencing factors using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). The subjects of this study were 9920 older adults in South Korean local communities. The analysis results of path analysis and bootstrapping analysis revealed that subjective health status, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), number of chronic diseases, social support satisfaction, household economic level, informal support, and participation in social groups were factors directly influencing depression, while formal support, age, gender, education level, employment status, and participation in social groups were factors indirectly affecting it. It will be needed to prepare measures to prevent depression in older adults during an infectious disease pandemic, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haewon Byeon
- Department of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Graduate School (BK21), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
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16
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Jean Francois G, Carr D, Meynadasy MA, Sachs-Ericsson N. Prediction of COVID-19-related distress: the role of anxiety and resiliency. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:572-579. [PMID: 35658654 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2084714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among older adults, anxiety is a likely risk factor for COVID-19-related distress, whereas psychological resilience may attenuate the negative impact of the pandemic. In this longitudinal study, we hypothesized that pre-pandemic anxiety would predict higher COVID-19-related distress, whereas resiliency would predict lower distress. Further we hypothesized that resilience would moderate the association between anxiety and distress. METHODS Pre-pandemic data (July 2018) was obtained from a community sample of older adults and included measures of anxiety and resiliency. We conducted a follow-up survey (n = 571) during the pandemic (June 2020) and evaluated COVID-19-related distress. We used OLS regression to test our hypotheses. RESULTS Anxiety symptoms predicted higher COVID-19-related distress; resiliency predicted lower distress. Resiliency did not moderate the association between anxiety and distress. High levels of resiliency, compared to low levels, attenuated the influence of anxiety on COVID-19-related distress, but only among those with low-to-moderate levels of anxiety. CONCLUSION Older adults with anxiety may be more susceptible to COVID-19 related distress. Interventions that increase resilience, may mitigate distress, and promote healthy aging for those with low-to-moderate anxiety. Further research, however, is needed to help those older adults with high anxiety contend with such adverse experiences and build on psychological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawn Carr
- Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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17
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Gao P, Mosazadeh H, Nazari N. The Buffering Role of Self-compassion in the Association Between Loneliness with Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study Among Older Adults Living in Residential Care Homes During COVID-19. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-21. [PMID: 36776917 PMCID: PMC9904273 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an ongoing geriatric health emergency with a substantial increase in the prevalence of medical and mental health issues, particularly among older adults living in residential care homes. The knowledge of the risk and protective factors related to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults living in residential care homes is based on limited data. This study aimed to investigate whether loneliness mediates the effects of fear generated by a pandemic on depression. Additionally, we hypothesized that self-compassion moderates the effect of loneliness on depression. A sample comprised 323 older adults (females: n = 141, males: n = 182) with mean age = 74.98 years (standard deviation = 6.59, age 65-90) completed a survey comprising the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, De Jung Gierveld Loneliness Scale, the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Self-compassion Scale. The results revealed that the total effect of fear on depression was statistically significant, with a medium effect size (Cohen's f 2 = .14) and this association was partially mediated by loneliness (β = .11, SE = .04, P < .001, t = 2.91, 95% CI 0.04-0.19). The self-compassion also moderated the loneliness effect on depression. The findings of this study support COVID-19 evidence, indicating that a greater level of fear generated by the pandemic is linked to depression and loneliness. The findings support the notion that self-compassion mitigates the adverse effects of stressful events in older adults. Customized self-compassion programs may be effective loneliness-mitigating interventions for older adults living in residential care homes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-023-01014-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gao
- School of Public Administration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Hasan Mosazadeh
- Department of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Nabi Nazari
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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18
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Park JH, Prochnow T, Amo C, Curran L, Smith ML. Differences in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Mental Health of the Older Population in South Korea Based on Marital Status and Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1726. [PMID: 36767094 PMCID: PMC9914888 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The primary purpose of the present study was to assess differences in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and mental health (i.e., depression, suicidal thoughts, and cognitive function) by marital status (i.e., married and widowed) within an aging population in South Korea. PA, SB, and mental health were evaluated in 9092 older adults by comparing the married group (n = 5773, 73.2 ± 5.9 years, 63.5%) to the widowed group (n = 3319, 75.8 ± 6.8 years, 36.5%). Between-group differences in PA, SB, depression, and cognitive function were tested using independent t-tests, and the association between marital status and gender was evaluated using two-way ANOVA. Suicidal thoughts were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U-test. Older adults in the widowed group participated in significantly less PA (p < 0.001) and had higher SB (p < 0.001) per week, especially the widows, who had significantly less PA (p < 0.01) and had higher SB (p < 0.001) compared to married women. Participants in the widowed group experienced more depression (p < 0.001) and suicidal thoughts (p < 0.001) and had significantly lower cognitive function compared to participants in the married group (p < 0.001). Between the two groups, widowers were more vulnerable to all mental health factors compared to those in the married group. At the same time, widows were only more vulnerable to depression and cognitive function compared to women in the married group. Findings indicated that the presence of a spouse is strongly associated with higher PA levels, lower SB, and better mental health among older adults. Spouses are the primary social supports and play a major role in the health and emotional well-being of the aging population. Given the importance of the spouse, our study suggests that health educators working with older widows should prioritize several different forms of social support to benefit their physical and mental health.
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19
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Matovic S, Grenier S, Jauvin F, Gravel C, Vasiliadis HM, Vasil N, Belleville S, Rainville P, Dang-Vu TT, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Knäuper B, Dialahy IZ, Gouin JP. Trajectories of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults in Quebec: A longitudinal study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5879. [PMID: 36703303 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated public health measures may increase the risk for psychological distress among vulnerable older adults. This longitudinal study aimed to identify predictors of psychological distress trajectories among community-dwelling older adults in Quebec, Canada. METHODS The study spanned four time points across 13 months and three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 645 community-dwelling older adults ages 60 years and older in Quebec. Participants completed telephone-based interviews that included the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6) to assess psychological distress at each time point as well as information on socioeconomic, medical, psychological and COVID-19 related factors. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify distinct trajectories of psychological distress across time. RESULTS Three group-based trajectories of psychological distress were identified: the resilient (50.5%), reactive (34.9%), and elevated distress groups (14.6%). Individuals with mobility issues, insomnia symptoms, COVID-19 related acute stress, general health anxiety, increased loneliness symptoms, and those unable to use technology to see others were more likely to be in the reactive and elevated groups than the resilient group. Those with past mental health problems had uniquely increased odds of being in the reactive group compared to the resilient group. Individuals living in poverty and those who reported taking psychotropic medication had increased odds of being in the elevated distress group compared to the resilient group. CONCLUSION These findings characterized distinct trajectories of psychological distress in older adults and identified risk factors for elevated distress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Matovic
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Grenier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Jauvin
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Gravel
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Helen-Maria Vasiliadis
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy Vasil
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Rainville
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Stomatology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bärbel Knäuper
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isaora Zefania Dialahy
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gouin
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Older Adults and Social Isolation and Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrated Review of Patterns, Effects, and Interventions. Can J Aging 2022; 42:199-216. [PMID: 36345649 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980822000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A scoping review was conducted to identify patterns, effects, and interventions to address social isolation and loneliness among community-dwelling older adult populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also integrated (1) data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and (2) a scan of Canadian grey literature on pandemic interventions. CLSA data showed estimated relative increases in loneliness ranging between 33 and 67 per cent depending on age/gender group. International studies also reported increases in levels of loneliness, as well as strong associations between loneliness and depression during the pandemic. Literature has primarily emphasized the use of technology-based interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness. Application of socio-ecological and resilience frameworks suggests that researchers should focus on exploring the wider array of potential pandemic age-friendly interventions (e.g., outdoor activities, intergenerational programs, and other outreach approaches) and strength-based approaches (e.g., building community and system-level capacity) that may be useful for reducing social isolation and loneliness.
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21
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Khanam F, Huda MN. Changes in loneliness prevalence and its associated factors among Bangladeshi older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277247. [PMID: 36331941 PMCID: PMC9635750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Worldwide, loneliness is one of the most common psychological phenomena among older adults, adversely affecting their physical and mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess changes in the prevalence of loneliness in the two timeframes (first and second waves of COVID-19 in Bangladesh) and identify its correlates in pooled data. Methods This repeated cross-sectional study was conducted on two successive occasions (October 2020 and September 2021), overlapping with the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The survey was conducted remotely through telephone interviews among 2077 (1032 in the 2020-survey and 1045 in the 2021-survey) older Bangladeshi adults aged 60 years and above. Loneliness was measured using the 3-item UCLA Loneliness scale. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with loneliness in pooled data. Results We found a decline in the loneliness prevalence among the participants in two survey rounds (51.5% in 2021 versus 45.7% in 2020; P = 0.008), corresponding to 33% lower odds in the 2021-survey (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.84). Still, nearly half of the participants were found to be lonely in the latest survey. We also found that, compared to their respective counterparts, the odds of loneliness were significantly higher among the participants without a partner (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.20–2.08), with a monthly family income less than 5000 BDT (AOR 2.34, 95% CI 1.58–3.47), who lived alone (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.34–3.51), with poor memory or concentration (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.23–2.03), and suffering from non-communicable chronic conditions (AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23–1.95). Various COVID-19-related characteristics, such as concern about COVID-19 (AOR 1.28, 95% CI 0.94–1.73), overwhelm by COVID-19 (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.14–2.06), difficulty earning (AOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.54–2.59), and receiving routine medical care during COVID-19 (AOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.61–2.68), and perception that the participants required additional care during the pandemic (AOR 2.93, 95% CI 2.27–3.79) were also associated with significantly higher odds of loneliness. However, the odds of loneliness were significantly lower among the participants with formal schooling (AOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57–0.89) and with a family of more than four members (AOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.96). Conclusions The current study found a decreased prevalence of loneliness among Bangladeshi older adults during the ongoing pandemic. However, the prevalence is still very high. The findings suggest the need for mental health interventions that may include improving social interactions increasing opportunities for meaningful social connections with family and community members and providing psychosocial support to the vulnerable population including older adults during the pandemic. It also suggests that policymakers and public health practitioners should emphasise providing mental health services at the peripheral level where the majority of older adults reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Centre for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Fouzia Khanam
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW, Australia
- The School of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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22
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Hoogendijk EO, Schuster NA, van Tilburg TG, Schaap LA, Suanet B, De Breij S, Kok AA, Van Schoor NM, Timmermans EJ, de Jongh RT, Visser M, Huisman M. Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam COVID-19 exposure index: a cross-sectional analysis of the impact of the pandemic on daily functioning of older adults. BMJ Open 2022. [PMID: 36323473 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop an index to measure older adults' exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic and to study its association with various domains of functioning. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), a cohort study in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults aged 62-102 years (n=1089) who participated in the LASA COVID-19 study (June-September 2020), just after the first wave of the pandemic. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES A 35-item COVID-19 exposure index with a score ranging between 0 and 1 was developed, including items that assess the extent to which the COVID-19 situation affected daily lives of older adults. Descriptive characteristics of the index were studied, stratified by several sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression analyses were performed to study associations between the exposure index and several indicators of functioning (functional limitations, anxiety, depression and loneliness). RESULTS The mean COVID-19 exposure index score was 0.20 (SD 0.10). Scores were relatively high among women and in the southern region of the Netherlands. In models adjusted for sociodemographic factors and prepandemic functioning (2018-2019), those with scores in the highest tertile of the exposure index were more likely to report functional limitations (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.48 to 3.38), anxiety symptoms (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.82 to 5.44), depressive symptoms (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.55 to 4.00) and loneliness (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 2.08 to 4.26) than those in the lowest tertile. CONCLUSIONS Among older adults in the Netherlands, higher exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with worse functioning in the physical, mental and social domain. The newly developed exposure index may be used to identify persons for whom targeted interventions are needed to maintain or improve functioning during the pandemic or postpandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel O Hoogendijk
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noah A Schuster
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G van Tilburg
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A Schaap
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Suanet
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sascha De Breij
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Almar Al Kok
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M Van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J Timmermans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renate T de Jongh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Hoogendijk EO, Schuster NA, van Tilburg TG, Schaap LA, Suanet B, De Breij S, Kok AA, Van Schoor NM, Timmermans EJ, de Jongh RT, Visser M, Huisman M. Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam COVID-19 exposure index: a cross-sectional analysis of the impact of the pandemic on daily functioning of older adults. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061745. [PMID: 36323473 PMCID: PMC9638742 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop an index to measure older adults' exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic and to study its association with various domains of functioning. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), a cohort study in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults aged 62-102 years (n=1089) who participated in the LASA COVID-19 study (June-September 2020), just after the first wave of the pandemic. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES A 35-item COVID-19 exposure index with a score ranging between 0 and 1 was developed, including items that assess the extent to which the COVID-19 situation affected daily lives of older adults. Descriptive characteristics of the index were studied, stratified by several sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression analyses were performed to study associations between the exposure index and several indicators of functioning (functional limitations, anxiety, depression and loneliness). RESULTS The mean COVID-19 exposure index score was 0.20 (SD 0.10). Scores were relatively high among women and in the southern region of the Netherlands. In models adjusted for sociodemographic factors and prepandemic functioning (2018-2019), those with scores in the highest tertile of the exposure index were more likely to report functional limitations (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.48 to 3.38), anxiety symptoms (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.82 to 5.44), depressive symptoms (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.55 to 4.00) and loneliness (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 2.08 to 4.26) than those in the lowest tertile. CONCLUSIONS Among older adults in the Netherlands, higher exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with worse functioning in the physical, mental and social domain. The newly developed exposure index may be used to identify persons for whom targeted interventions are needed to maintain or improve functioning during the pandemic or postpandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel O Hoogendijk
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noah A Schuster
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G van Tilburg
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A Schaap
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Suanet
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sascha De Breij
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Almar Al Kok
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M Van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J Timmermans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renate T de Jongh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Bradley L. Faith Community Nurses Making a Difference for Older African Americans in a Pandemic. J Christ Nurs 2022; 39:E80-E84. [PMID: 36048609 DOI: 10.1097/cnj.0000000000001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT During and after COVID-19, African Americans experienced a disparate amount of social isolation and loneliness and subsequent increases in morbidity and mortality. Faith community nurses are equipped to assist community providers, health practitioners, and local officials in addressing gaps in older African Americans' financial, social, physical, and spiritual needs during social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bradley
- Linda Bradley, MS, MPH, RN, PHCNS-BC , is an assistant professor in the department of nursing at New York City College of Technology. Her interests include individual and community-focused health and wellness that address health disparities
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25
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Allimuthu U, Mahalakshmi K. Efficient Mobile Ad Hoc Route Maintenance Against Social Distances Using Attacker Detection Automation. MOBILE NETWORKS AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9526216 DOI: 10.1007/s11036-022-02040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In MANET, routing plays a vital role in packet interaction and data transmission. It is always easy to manage the data transmission over the MANET because of uncentralized control on the MANET nodes. Since the efficient route on MANET controls the packets and does not simplify the route between the source and destination. Hence the maintenance of route interaction becomes a crucial process. Methods: It is critical to enhance the route and decrease the attacker to sustain successful data transfers via the MANET Network. MANET, on the other hand, permits route interaction with security threads. The four processing schema are proposed in this study work to retain the security safeguards against Routing Protocols. The Rushing Attacker has significantly influenced MANET packet-based data transfer, particularly node communication. The Attacker Detection Automation of Bee Colony Optimization (ADABCP) Method is proposed in this article. Results: Existing ESCT, ZRDM-LFPM, and ENM-LAC techniques were compared to the suggested outcome. Consequently, routing and data transfer have enhanced the proposed illustration (SIRT-ADABCP-HRLD). Compared to the recommended approach, the end-to-end latency, communication overhead, packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, and energy usage are all improved. Discussion: The performance evaluation results of SIRT–ADABCP-HRLD with existing methods in terms of low End to End Delay (ms) of 49.8361% compared to existing methods ESCT, ENM-LAC, and ZRDM-LFPM. In terms of low Communication Overhead, an 81.4462% decrease compared to existing methods. However, it improves packet delivery by 56.9775%, more than ESCT, ENM-LAC, and ZRDM-LFPM. The energy consumption decreased by 36.31% less value than the existing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayakumar Allimuthu
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - K. Mahalakshmi
- Department of CSE, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
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26
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Bone M, Purohit M, Sial M, Pankhania K, Alkhayyat A. The Silent Pandemic: Why COVID-19-Induced Loneliness Is No Laughing Matter. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 16:1306. [PMID: 33413732 PMCID: PMC8010283 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matan Bone
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Manavi Purohit
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Moska Sial
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kishan Pankhania
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulaziz Alkhayyat
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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27
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Son YH, Cho MS. Abuse and risk factors among community-dwelling elderly in South Korea during COVID-19. J Elder Abuse Negl 2022; 34:259-279. [PMID: 36000157 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2022.2114971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Elder abuse is a serious social problem in South Korea. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors of elder abuse during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. By using the 2020 Living Profiles of Older People Survey in Seoul Metropolitan City and considering sociodemographic, health-related, social support, and isolation factors as independent variables, a logistic regression model was established. Among 3,106 samples, the overall rate of elder abuse was 8.5%, with emotional abuse being the most frequent. Social isolation (OR = 1.47, p = .018) and recognition of abuse (OR = 0.90, p = .003) were associated with having experienced abuse. Seniors with a greater number of diseases, higher levels of dependency, depressive symptoms, and/or cognitive impairments were more likely to suffer abuse, as were those who smoked or drank alcohol. To prevent elder abuse by social isolation during and after COVID-19, more active health promotion programs and healthy aging policies should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Son
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myong Sun Cho
- Department of Nursing, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Wonju, South Korea
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28
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Jo H. Effects of Psychological Discomfort on Social Networking Site (SNS) Usage Intensity During COVID-19. Front Psychol 2022; 13:939726. [PMID: 35936310 PMCID: PMC9354781 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.939726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries are implementing social measures. Social distancing, working from home, and non-face-to-face lectures have led to major changes in people's activities. Since face-to-face classes are restricted, students in higher education become to feel psychological and cognitive discomforts such as isolation and risk perception. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of psychological discomforts on the social network site (SNS) usage intensity of University students. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), this study applied SmartPLS 3.3.9 to analyze 271 valid samples. The results show that the affective risk perception significantly affects social distancing attitude. Cognitive risk perception is positively related to social distancing intention. In addition, cabin fever syndrome influences SNS usage intensity, affective risk perception, and cognitive risk perception. In conclusion, psychological discomfort partially affects the intensity of SNS use. Therefore, the government should set policies by reflecting citizens' mental difficulties and SNS activities together. Moreover, companies are needed to carefully consider the risk of the sense of isolation when marketing to SNS users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jo
- Department of Strategic Planning, RealSecu, Busan, South Korea
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29
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Individuals With Low Vision. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2022; 38:240-244. [PMID: 35935179 PMCID: PMC9333080 DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative case study explored the impact of lockdown and social distancing measures used during COVID-19 on the lives of individuals with low vision. A purposive sample of 6 participants with low vision was recruited. Data were collected using in-depth semistructured interviews consisting of 10 open-ended questions. A thematic analysis was conducted to understand the unified subjective experiences of the participants. The analysis revealed 4 themes: (1) Changes, a lot of them; (2) Emotional roller coaster; (3) Life goes on; and (4) Technology as the catalyst. Participants demonstrated ongoing adaptation to meet the changing demands imposed by the pandemic.
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30
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Hu W, Luo Y. Emotional Stress Relief Mechanism of English Translation Practitioners Based on Role Cognition. Occup Ther Int 2022; 2022:1447090. [PMID: 35821714 PMCID: PMC9225870 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1447090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emotional stress of English translation practitioners is an important research content of psychological organization counseling behavior. Based on the theory of role cognition, this paper adopts the perspective of emotional stress experience, integrates the construction theory and the self-determination theory, and builds an emotional stress relief mechanism for English translation practitioners. On the basis of sorting out psychological capital, emotional commitment, and behavioral variables of organizational practitioners, the article summarizes the concept, dimension, measurement, and causes and effects of variables and solves the problem of quantitative analysis of emotional stress. In the simulation process, the role cognitive variables and local cognitive variables are extracted separately using the dual-branch mitigation mechanism structure to enhance the diversity of the extracted cognitive variables; in the local branch, a loss function of emotional stress overlapping partial penalty mechanism is constructed. This mechanism is used to select a suitable destination sink node for the sensor nodes around the sink node with heavy load to transmit data and effectively relieve the data collection pressure of the original sink node. The experimental results show that by using role cognitive variables and local cognitive variables in the training of classification loss and triple loss, respectively, the mitigation mechanism can mine subtle and significant cognitive variables from the local area and finally integrate role cognitive cognition. The accuracy rate of obtaining 297 questionnaires reached 91.4%, which effectively promoted the mechanism research of emotional stress on the behavior of English translation practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- School of Foreign Language, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199 Hunan Province, China
| | - Yipeng Luo
- School of Economics and Management, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199 Hunan Province, China
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31
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Cornally N, Kilty C, Buckley C, O’Caoimh R, O’Donovan MR, Monahan MP, O’Connor CD, Fitzgerald S, Hartigan I. The Experience of COVID-19 Visitor Restrictions among Families of People Living in Long-Term Residential Care Facilities during the First Wave of the Pandemic in Ireland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116559. [PMID: 35682143 PMCID: PMC9180630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Public health responses to COVID-19 in long-term residential care facilities (LTRCFs) have restricted family engagement with residents. These restrictions impact on quality of care and the psychosocial and emotional well-being of family caregivers. Following a national cross-sectional web-based survey, respondents were invited to provide personal reflections on visitor restrictions. This study aims to describe the consequences of these restrictions for individuals living in LTRCF and their families during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from open-ended questions contained within the survey were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) method of thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: 1. Altered Communication and Connection; 2. Emotional and Psychological Impact; 3. Protecting and Caring Role of Staff; 4. Family Role. Throughout the narrative accounts, it is evident that the visitor restrictions impacted on the emotional and mental well-being of families. Some respondents expressed frustration that they could not assist staff in essential care provision, reducing meaning and purpose in their own lives. COVID-19 LTRCF visitor restrictions made little distinction between those providing essential personal care and those who visit for social reasons. A partnership approach to care provision is important and should encompass strategies to maintain the psychosocial and emotional well-being of families and their relatives during times of self-isolating or restrictive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cornally
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, T12AK54 Cork, Ireland; (C.K.); (M.P.M.); (C.D.O.); (S.F.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Caroline Kilty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, T12AK54 Cork, Ireland; (C.K.); (M.P.M.); (C.D.O.); (S.F.); (I.H.)
| | - Catherine Buckley
- Northridge House Education and Research Centre, St. Luke’s Home, T12H970 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Rónán O’Caoimh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Mercy University Hospital, T12WE28 Cork, Ireland;
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Mercy University Hospital, T12WE28 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Mark R. O’Donovan
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Mercy University Hospital, T12WE28 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Margaret P. Monahan
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, T12AK54 Cork, Ireland; (C.K.); (M.P.M.); (C.D.O.); (S.F.); (I.H.)
| | - Caroline Dalton O’Connor
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, T12AK54 Cork, Ireland; (C.K.); (M.P.M.); (C.D.O.); (S.F.); (I.H.)
| | - Serena Fitzgerald
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, T12AK54 Cork, Ireland; (C.K.); (M.P.M.); (C.D.O.); (S.F.); (I.H.)
| | - Irene Hartigan
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, T12AK54 Cork, Ireland; (C.K.); (M.P.M.); (C.D.O.); (S.F.); (I.H.)
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32
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Betz ME, Fowler NR, Han SD, Hill LL, Johnson RL, Meador L, Omeragic F, Peterson RA, DiGuiseppi C. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adult Driving in the United States. J Appl Gerontol 2022; 41:1821-1830. [PMID: 35583182 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221091556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected driving and health outcomes in older adults. METHODS We compared Advancing Understanding of Transportation Options (AUTO) study participants enrolled before (December 2019 to March 2020) versus during the pandemic (May 2020 to June 2021). Participants were English-speaking, licensed drivers (≥70 years) who drove weekly and had a primary care provider at a study site and ≥1 medical condition potentially associated with driving cessation. We used baseline self-reported measures on mobility and health. RESULTS Compared to those enrolled pre-COVID-19 (n = 61), more participants enrolled during COVID-19 (n = 240) reported driving reductions (26% vs. 70%, p < .001) and more often for personal preference (vs. medical/emotional reasons). While mean social isolation was higher during than pre-COVID-19, self-reported depression, stress, and overall health PROMIS scores did not differ significantly. DISCUSSION Our findings highlight the resiliency of some older adults and have implications for mitigating the negative effects of driving cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian E Betz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicole R Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S Duke Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda L Hill
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren Meador
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Faris Omeragic
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ryan A Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carolyn DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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33
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Borelli WV, Xavier LDL, Ornell F, Schuch JB, Von Diemen L. The hidden stigma of aging and COVID-19: aggravating factors and strategies to mitigate the impact of the pandemic in older adults, a text mining analysis. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:881-889. [PMID: 33949899 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1910793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with mental health of older adults during the pandemic and to provide strategies to mitigate their psychosocial impact in the elderly. METHOD An integrative text mining analysis in Medline was performed to identify studies on the mental health of older adults during the pandemic. Subsequently, statistical topic modeling was performed to identify the most prevalent terms and topics discussed in included studies. RESULTS A total of 29 studies were retrieved until July 1st 2020, including a majority of letters (12 studies) and commentaries (8 studies). The most frequent terms overall were: loneliness (n = 137), support (n = 132), home (n = 102), suicide (n = 96) and help (n = 94). The most prevalent terms were then divided in five topics: home (33%), suicide (32%), apps (15%), loneliness (12%) and physical activity (9%). Additionally, a section focused on low- and middle-income countries was included. A summary of strategies to mitigate the effects of pandemic in mental health of older adults was also provided. CONCLUSION These factors demonstrate the importance of developing strategies for psychosocial support that take into consideration the particularities of the elderly. Different levels of care are immediately necessary to diminish the devastating impact of the pandemic in the mental health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura de Lima Xavier
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felipe Ornell
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências Do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Bohrer Schuch
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisia Von Diemen
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Yıldırım H. Psychosocial status of older adults aged 65 years and over during lockdown in Turkey and their perspectives on the outbreak. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:899-907. [PMID: 34390281 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Older adults over the age of 65 were announced as a high-risk group in the COVID-19 outbreak and had to be placed on lockdown for a long time. The research was conducted to identify the psychosocial status, attitudes, and experiences of individuals aged 65 and over who were in-home lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey. In the study, 51 older adults were reached using the snowball sampling method. The research data were collected through qualitative interviews from older adults who were in house restrictions during the pandemic period, and thematic analysis was performed. As a result of the interviews, four main themes revealed as (a) Growing old is like a crime: The public perception of the older adults regarding the stigma associated with aging, (b) The inevitable course: Potential possibilities arising as a result of the pandemic period, (c) The cost of lockdown at home: Risk factors arising due to staying at home for a long time, (d) The desire for equality: The developing resistance against lockdown and demands for equality. The lockdown applied exclusively to older adults forced them to create new routines and made them aware of some values; however, they asserted that they were stigmatized and lonely, that their concerns about death/catching COVID-19 increased, and they were treated unfairly. Measures should be taken to prevent mental problems in older adults. In addition, public health nurses are advised to provide preventive care services and counselling for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Yıldırım
- Department of Puplic Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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35
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Kennedy GJ. Delayed or Denied? Lack of Prompt Follow-Up for Older Adults Hospitalized After Suicide Attempt or Self Injury. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 30:492-493. [PMID: 34629223 PMCID: PMC8461260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Kennedy
- Send correspondence and reprint requests to Gary J. Kennedy M.D., Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467
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36
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Lin T, Horta M, Heald K, Heemskerk A, Darboh B, Levi A, Spreng RN, Turner GR, Ebner NC. Loneliness Progression Among Older Adults During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States and Canada. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:e23-e29. [PMID: 34905015 PMCID: PMC8974322 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults are at high risk for complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Health guidelines recommend limiting physical contact during the pandemic, drastically reducing opportunities for in-person social exchange. Older adults are also susceptible to negative consequences from loneliness, and the COVID-19 pandemic has likely exacerbated this age-related vulnerability. METHODS In 107 community-dwelling older individuals (65-90 years, 70.5% female) from Florida, the United States, and Ontario, Canada, we examined change in loneliness over the course of the pandemic after implementation of COVID-19-related physical distancing guidelines (March-September 2020; T1-T5; biweekly concurrent self-report) using multilevel modeling. We also explored gender differences in loneliness during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic at both data collection sites. RESULTS Consistent across the 2 sites, levels of loneliness remained stable over time for the full sample (T1-T5). However, our exploratory moderation analysis suggested gender differences in the trajectory of loneliness between the United States and Canada, in that older men in Florida and older women in Ontario reported an increase in loneliness over time. DISCUSSION Leveraging a longitudinal, binational data set collected during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study advances understanding of stability and change in loneliness among a North American sample of individuals aged 65 and older faced with the unique challenges of social isolation. These results can inform public health policy in anticipation of future pandemics and highlight the need for targeted intervention to address acute loneliness among older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marilyn Horta
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kristen Heald
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amber Heemskerk
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bri Darboh
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adina Levi
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary R Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie C Ebner
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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The Relationship between Living Arrangements and Sleep Quality in Older Adults: Gender Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073893. [PMID: 35409576 PMCID: PMC8997604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study examined the effects of living arrangements on the quality of sleep among older adults and analyzed related gender differences; (2) Methods: A total of 4756 older adults in Seoul were included. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, older adults living alone showed a poorer sleep quality compared with those living with others; (3) Results: When we analyzed the effects of living arrangements on sleep quality by gender, there was no difference in the risk of poor sleep quality between male older adults living alone and those living with others (OR = 1.089, 95% CI = 0.729–1.628), whereas the risk of poor sleep quality was higher for female older adults living alone than those living with others (OR = 1.359, 95% CI = 1.088–1.696); (4) Conclusions: In this study, we have confirmed that older women living alone had poor sleep quality compared to older men. Hence, gender-based approaches will be helpful when providing social support resources to older adults living alone.
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Chen WC, Chen SJ, Zhong BL. Sense of Alienation and Its Associations With Depressive Symptoms and Poor Sleep Quality in Older Adults Who Experienced the Lockdown in Wuhan, China, During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:215-222. [PMID: 35130783 PMCID: PMC8899829 DOI: 10.1177/08919887221078564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the epidemiology of sense of alienation (SoA) and its associations with depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality (PSQ) in Chinese older adults who experienced lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND There is a dearth of data on SoA in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Altogether, 543 community-dwelling older adults (50+ years) were recruited via the three-tier mental health network in Wuhan, China, and completed an online questionnaire in April 2020, the first month after the reopening of Wuhan. SoA, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality were measured by using the General Social Alienation Scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, and a single standardized question, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of SoA was 52.3% (95% confidence interval: 48.1-56.5%). Factors associated with higher levels of SoA were religious belief (β = 1.960, P = .024), monthly family income<4000 RMB (β = 1.405, P = .022), unemployment (β = 1.217, P = .039), fair or poor physical health (β = 2.202, P = .002), never and sometimes receiving community support (β = 2.297, P < .001 and β = 3.417, P < .001), perceiving a low possibility of a cure for COVID-19 (β = 2.379, P < .001), and affirmative and unsure fear of COVID-19 patients (β = 2.025, P = .007 and β = 1.101, P = .027). After adjusting for sociodemographic and pandemic-related variables, a one-SD increment in the SoA score was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (Odd Ratio [OR] = 5.59, P < .001) and poor sleep quality (Odd Ratio = 2.00, P < .001). CONCLUSION Over half of the older adults who experienced lockdown felt alienated, and SoA was independently associated with their depressive symptoms and PSQ. Efforts are warranted to address SoA in older adults who experienced lockdown during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Jing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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Quintiens B, D'Eer L, Deliens L, Van den Block L, Chambaere K, De Donder L, Cohen J, Smets T. Area-Based Compassionate Communities: A systematic integrative review of existing initiatives worldwide. Palliat Med 2022; 36:422-442. [PMID: 35354413 DOI: 10.1177/02692163211067363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Area-Based Compassionate Communities are community public health interventions which focus on the role of the community in palliative care provision. They apply a set of actions based on the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion which aims to increase people's control over their health. AIM To review and compare Area-Based Compassionate Communities with respect to their contextual characteristics, development processes and evaluations. DESIGN A systematic integrative review with narrative synthesis. Registered in Prospero: CRD42020173406. DATA SOURCES Five databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Embase and Scopus) were consulted, consisting of publications from 1999 onwards. This was supplemented with grey literature and author-provided documentation. RESULTS Twenty articles were drawn from the peer reviewed search, three from grey literature and two from author-provided documentation. Notwithstanding the substantial variation in what is reported, all Area-Based Compassionate Community initiatives focus on multiple action areas of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Variability in their contextual and developmental characteristics is high. Only a minority of initiatives have been evaluated and although conclusions are generally positive, what is evaluated often does not match their aims. Attaining support from policy makers can help in obtaining funding early in the project. Strengthening people's social networks was a recurring community engagement strategy. CONCLUSIONS While the concept of Area-Based Compassionate Communities is gaining momentum as a new paradigm for the creation of palliative care capacity across society, only a handful of initiatives have been described. The lack of formal evaluations of their envisaged health benefits indicates a pressing need for rigorous research about ongoing and future initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Quintiens
- End-of Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium.,Compassionate Community Centre of Expertise (COCO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louise D'Eer
- End-of Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium.,Compassionate Community Centre of Expertise (COCO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Deliens
- End-of Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium.,Compassionate Community Centre of Expertise (COCO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieve Van den Block
- End-of Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Chambaere
- End-of Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium.,Compassionate Community Centre of Expertise (COCO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Donder
- Compassionate Community Centre of Expertise (COCO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Adult Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joachim Cohen
- End-of Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium.,Compassionate Community Centre of Expertise (COCO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tinne Smets
- End-of Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium.,Compassionate Community Centre of Expertise (COCO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Polenick CA, Lei L, Zhou AN, Birditt KS, Maust DT. Caregiver status and illness self-efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults with chronic conditions. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:563-569. [PMID: 33749447 PMCID: PMC8455715 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1901260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults providing unpaid care to a relative or friend during the COVID-19 pandemic may have diminished self-efficacy in managing their own chronic illness, especially in the context of more complex self-management. We evaluated whether adults aged 50 and older with caregiving roles are more likely to report reduced illness self-efficacy since the pandemic, and whether this link is exacerbated by a higher number of conditions. METHODS Participants (105 caregivers and 590 noncaregivers) residing in Michigan (82.6%) and 33 other U.S. states completed one online survey between May 14 and July 9, 2020. RESULTS Controlling for sociodemographic and health characteristics, stressors related to COVID-19, and behavioral and psychosocial changes since the pandemic, caregivers were more likely than noncaregivers to report reduced illness self-efficacy when they had a higher number of chronic conditions. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of maintaining caregivers' self-care during the COVID-19 pandemic and in future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Polenick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lianlian Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Annie N. Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kira S. Birditt
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
| | - Donovan T. Maust
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Rodrigues NG, Han CQY, Su Y, Klainin‐Yobas P, Wu XV. Psychological impacts and online interventions of social isolation amongst older adults during COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. J Adv Nurs 2022; 78:609-644. [PMID: 34625997 PMCID: PMC8661520 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To summarise the psychological impacts of social isolation amongst older adults during COVID-19 and review the benefits and limitations of online interventions used to combat social isolation. DESIGN A scoping review was performed. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was performed from October 2020 to January 2021 in seven electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. A hand search of the reference lists of included papers and WHO publications was performed. Grey literature search was carried out from Scopus, ProQuest Dissertation and Google Scholar. REVIEW METHODS Studies were screened, appraised and extracted independently by two reviewers. Thematic analysis was used to synthesise data, which were presented in a descriptive manner and organised into categories and themes. RESULTS Totally, 33 studies were included. Four themes and eight sub-themes emerged: (1) negative impacts and experiences of older adults during social isolation, (2) adopting coping behaviours in the midst of COVID-19, (3) online interventions to combat the consequences of social isolation, (4) barriers to online intervention. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has taken an emotional toll on older adults' psychological wellbeing and has highlighted the untapped strengths of older adults facing isolation. Online interventions, which could be a new normal in the COVID era, were beneficial in combating social isolation. Strategies by various stakeholders were recommended to tackle the barriers of online interventions. IMPACT With the COVID-19 pandemic still in progress, this review provides insights on the psychological impacts of social isolation amongst older adults. Nurses in the community and long-term care facilities could adopt strategies and online intervention to better support the older adults, contribute to a stronger COVID-19 response and support system, and an overall better road to recovery from this crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Grace Rodrigues
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing StudiesYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Claudia Qin Yun Han
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing StudiesYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Ya Su
- Faculty of Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Piyanee Klainin‐Yobas
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing StudiesYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Xi Vivien Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing StudiesYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Naudé B, Rigaud AS, Pino M. Video Calls for Older Adults: A Narrative Review of Experiments Involving Older Adults in Elderly Care Institutions. Front Public Health 2022; 9:751150. [PMID: 35096731 PMCID: PMC8795665 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.751150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation in geriatric institutions is a real threat to older adults' (OAs) well-being. Visits from family members, when they are not impacted by geographical distance or illness, sometimes fail to provide sufficient opportunities for social connectedness and interaction to prevent and/or combat OAs' loneliness and social isolation. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) offer promising solutions to this problem. Video calls provide a quick and convenient way for remote communication between OAs and their families, and a complement to face-to-face visits in geriatric settings. Over the last months, during the several confinements imposed to stop the transmission of COVID-19 over the world, several care homes and long-care facilities have equipped themselves with laptops, tablets and video call applications to help OAs remain in contact with their relatives. However, numerous technical and human-related factors may hinder the use of video calls in these settings. The complexity of technological devices, as well as OAs limited digital skills, low confidence and experience in the use of technology are some examples. Furthermore, the specific context of use and the required implication of multiple actors (care professionals, family members) should also be considered when examining the use and implementation of video calls in geriatric institutions. We conducted a narrative review of literature describing the use of video calls in geriatric institutions between 2000 and 2021, especially because of the little information related to OAs' use of video calls in geriatric settings. One thousand one hundred ninety-seven references were screened and 15 studies focusing on the usability, acceptability and effectiveness of video calls were included. A qualitative, deductive thematic analysis inspired by a Health Technology Assessment (HTA) multidimensional model was used to identify barriers, enablers and solutions to video calls implementation in geriatric institutions. The results from the HTA-based analysis provide encouraging evidence for the feasibility of video call use in geriatric settings, and its efficacy on reducing social isolation among residents. However, numerous technical, human-related, ethical and organizational barriers persist and should be addressed in future works. The present analysis has also allowed the identification of potential solutions to overcome these barriers, which are discussed in this publication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Sophie Rigaud
- Université de Paris, Maladie d'Alzheimer, Paris, France
- Services de gériatrie 1 & 2, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Maribel Pino
- Université de Paris, Maladie d'Alzheimer, Paris, France
- Services de gériatrie 1 & 2, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
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Cruz GPD, Pereira LS, Raymundo TM. Treino cognitivo para idosos sem déficit cognitivo: uma intervenção da terapia ocupacional durante a pandemia da COVID- 19. CADERNOS BRASILEIROS DE TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao22963030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Tendo em vista as alterações cognitivas decorrentes do processo normal de envelhecimento, esse estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho de atividades rotineiras e cognitivas, qualidade de vida e sintomas depressivos de idosos saudáveis participantes e não participantes de treino cognitivo aplicado por terapeutas ocupacionais. Método ensaio clínico não randomizado, equiparado por alocação em grupos, com abordagem quantitativa de caráter analítico, longitudinal mensurado por meio de avaliações padronizadas: Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke-Revisado, Inventário das Tarefas Rotineiras-Estendido, Avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde WHOQOL (BREF e OLD), Instrumento de Avaliação das Atitudes em Relação ao Envelhecimento, aplicadas pré e pós-intervenção. Foram realizadas 24 sessões, duas vezes na semana, com duração de 60 minutos cada. A intervenção teve como base o declínio cognitivo natural do envelhecimento e abrangeu atividades e jogos analisados. Resultados grupo caso (n=10), com idade entre 62 e 74 anos (M=67,50, DP= 3,95); grupo controle (n=11), com idade entre 61 e 73 anos (M=68, DP= 4,12). O cálculo do tamanho de efeito (Cohen d) revelou efeito de treino para as seguintes variáveis: Sintomas depressivos (1,12); Cognição: memória (0,82), função visual-espacial (0,55), fluência (0,56), MEEM (1,00) e ACE-R (0,98); Qualidade de vida: funcionamento do sensório (0,61); intimidade (0,51) e físico (0,50). Não foram observados efeitos de ganho para as demais variáveis. Conclusão o treino cognitivo foi acompanhado de melhora dos participantes em parte das avaliações padronizadas, sugerindo que a intervenção favorece a melhora das funções cognitivas e a qualidade de vida e redução de sintomas depressivos de idosos participantes.
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Beaudreau SA, Otero MC, Walker JA, Gould CE, Sisco S, White P, Pella K, Wiley E, Voorhees K, Wetherell JL. Problem Solving Training for Veterans with Complex Comorbidities: Treatment Delivery Adaptations during COVID-19. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:145-158. [PMID: 34405768 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1963382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize adaptations due to COVID-19 for VA Problem Solving Training (PST) for clinicians serving medically complex patients and to compare patient mental health outcomes in the year before (2019) and during COVID-19 (2020). METHODS Clinicians attended a multi-day workshop and up to 6 months of small-group consultation for two training cases. In 2019 and 2020, 122 Veteran patients completed baseline and posttreatment measures of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item), and negative problem-solving beliefs (Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire). Qualitative data were collected on clinician's pandemic-related treatment implementation challenges. RESULTS Program adaptations during COVID-19 addressed challenges due to delivering treatment by telephone, video, or in person; Veteran patient recruitment barriers; and privacy issues for telephone and video. Veterans in both pre-pandemic and COVID-19 cohorts had significant improvements in depression, anxiety, and negative problem-solving beliefs, with no significant differences in the amount of improvement between the two cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Flexibilities afforded to clinicians delivering the PST training program during the pandemic addressed key obstacles and barriers to recruitment, and implementation did not diminish the effectiveness of the intervention. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Findings support continued implementation of the PST training program with added flexibility to treatment delivery beyond the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A Beaudreau
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Marcela C Otero
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jessica A Walker
- Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, VACO, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christine E Gould
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Shannon Sisco
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kaycie Pella
- Home Based Primary Care, Jack C. Montgomery VA Medical Center, Muskogee, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wiley
- Mental Health Service, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn Voorhees
- Geriatrics and Extended Care, Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Julie Loebach Wetherell
- Mental Health Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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Special Considerations for the Management of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction in Older Adults. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2022; 20:582-593. [PMID: 36406807 PMCID: PMC9652122 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-022-00403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The world's population is aging rapidly, with 40% of patients seen in US gastroenterology (GI) clinics being 60 years or older. Many gastrointestinal problems are more common or unique to the older adult because of progressive damage to the structure and function of the GI tract. Until recently, the epidemiology of disorders of gut-brain interaction (such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia) was not well-characterized. Recent Findings Forty percent of persons worldwide have disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), with varying global patterns of incidence in older adults. There are multiple first-line approaches to managing DGBI which can also be combined including pharmacologic (e.g., neuromodulators) and nonpharmacologic approaches including dietary therapies and brain-gut behavioral therapies. However, there are considerations clinicians must account for when offering each approach related to unique biopsychosocial factors in the older adult population. In this review, we aim to critically review recent literature on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and special considerations for diagnosing and managing DGBI in the older adult population. Summary There have been many advances in the management of DGBI over the past decades. Given the increase in the number of older adults in the USA and worldwide, there is an urgent need for evidence-based guidance to help providers guide comprehensive care for specifically our aging patient population with respect to DGBI.
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Weiskittle R, Tsang W, Schwabenbauer A, Andrew N, Mlinac M. Feasibility of a COVID-19 Rapid Response Telehealth Group Addressing Older Adult Worry and Social Isolation. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:129-143. [PMID: 33870881 PMCID: PMC8522175 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1906812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual and telephone visits rapidly replaced most in-person care within the Veterans Health Administration (VA) to reduce the virus spread. To address the emerging mental health needs of older Veterans (e.g., social isolation) in the context of chronic underlying mental health needs (e.g., trauma), we developed an 8-week virtual group treatment manual. This article describes the results from a survey of geriatric mental health clinicians who used the COVID group manual to determine its acceptability and feasibility in these settings. METHODS Clinicians across three VA integrated care settings (home-based primary care, community living centers, and geriatric primary care) were surveyed about their experiences implementing this treatment (n = 21). RESULTS Clinicians found this intervention to be effective with their patients and useful and adaptable beyond the early pandemic period. CONCLUSIONS This group teletherapy intervention was feasible and acceptable when treating Veterans in integrated geriatric healthcare settings. Despite technical challenges experienced by older Veterans, clinicians found this manual to be effective in addressing COVID-related worry and social isolation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This rapid response manual has remained clinically useful in geriatric mental health care settings beyond the initial weeks of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Weiskittle
- VA New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC).,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William Tsang
- VDepartment of Psychology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ
| | | | | | - Michelle Mlinac
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Cruz GPD, Pereira LS, Pizzetti CDF, Kiel LDS, Canella TF, Raymundo TM. Desenvolvimento de um programa de treino cognitivo online para idosos saudáveis: uma intervenção da terapia ocupacional. CADERNOS BRASILEIROS DE TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao239231241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução Com base no envelhecimento natural e suas características no que se refere à cognição e às especificidades da terapia ocupacional, o treino cognitivo apresenta-se como estratégia de promoção da saúde para favorecer o engajamento em ocupações e, principalmente, melhorar ou manter as habilidades cognitivas, que podem sofrer declínio conforme o indivíduo envelhece. Objetivo Descrever um programa de treino cognitivo on-line quanto ao seu formato e atividades que o compõem, bem como analisar as percepções dos idosos participantes e das discentes envolvidas em seu desenvolvimento. Método Estudo qualitativo de delineamento exploratório. Foram elaboradas tarefas cognitivas distribuídas em 24 sessões de treino individual on-line, multidomínio, com duração de 90 minutos cada. Foram utilizadas atividades com lápis e papel e a intervenção foi adaptada e graduada de acordo com o ritmo dos participantes. Os 21 idosos que receberam o treino foram avaliados, pré- e pós-intervenção, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e foram confeccionados diários de campo. Resultados Após a intervenção, os idosos participantes relataram uso de diferentes estratégias compensatórias internas e externas e apontaram melhora na percepção de qualidade de vida e do desempenho ocupacional. As discentes puderam envolver-se na construção de um protocolo de treino cognitivo durante o período de pandemia, com superação de barreiras no âmbito do teleatendimento, buscando através dele favorecer o desempenho funcional e cognitivo dos participantes para o envelhecimento saudável. Conclusão Os resultados apontaram efeitos positivos do treino cognitivo para os participantes, mas ainda há necessidade de refinamento do protocolo para se atingir melhores resultados. A análise das atividades aplicadas mostrou-se fundamental para sistematizar as sessões e acompanhar o desempenho dos participantes.
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Giner L, Vera-Varela C, de la Vega D, Zelada GM, Guija JA. Suicidal Behavior in the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:1-10. [PMID: 35080711 PMCID: PMC8790944 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been numerous social changes to try to contain the spread of the disease. These sudden changes in daily life have also changed the way we relate to others, in addition to creating a climate of uncertainty and fear. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compile published data of the consequences of suicidal behavior in the first months from the onset of the pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS The analysis reflects a concern about issues related to suicide since the beginning of the pandemic. A large number of online surveys have been released and have provided data on relatively large populations. The percentage of the population with suicidal ideation in that period seems to be approximately 5-15%. Many studies associate suicidal ideation with being young, female, and presence of sleep problems. Surveys of healthcare workers do not seem to indicate a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation compared to the general population. The incidence of suicide attempts seen in emergency departments did not seem to change, while the number of visits for other issues, unrelated to suicide, did decrease. The few studies on completed suicide do not indicate an increase in incidence in these first 6 months since March 2020, when the WHO declared the start of the pandemic. It does not seem that there have been major changes in the figures related to suicidal behavior in the studies from the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, although it is still too early to know the consequences it will have long term. The social and economic damages resulting from the pandemic will certainly take a long time to recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Giner
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Diego de la Vega
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain ,Unidad de Hospitalización de Salud Mental. Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental del Hospital Virgen Macarena. Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville, Spain
| | - Giovani M. Zelada
- Internal Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Julio A. Guija
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain ,Instituto de Medicina Legal Y Ciencias Forenses de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Shattuck SM, Kaba D, Zhou AN, Polenick CA. Social Contact, Emotional Support, and Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Older Adults with Chronic Conditions. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:36-44. [PMID: 34351839 PMCID: PMC8766872 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1957051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic may contribute to heightened anxiety among older adults with chronic conditions, which might be attenuated by social resources. This study examined how social contact and emotional support were linked to anxiety symptoms among adults aged 50 and older with chronic conditions, and whether these links varied by age. METHODS Participants included 705 adults (M = 64.61 years, SD = 8.85, range = 50- 94) from Michigan (82.4%) and 33 other U.S. states who reported at least one chronic condition and completed an anonymous online survey between May 14 and July 9, 2020. RESULTS Multiple regression models revealed among younger people, those reporting more frequent social contact had significantly lower anxiety symptoms. Emotional support was not significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS More frequent social contact was linked to lower anxiety symptoms for younger but not older individuals. Emotional support was not significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Interventions to manage anxiety during the pandemic among older adults with chronic conditions may benefit from strategies to safely increase social contact, especially for middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie M Shattuck
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Diarratou Kaba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Annie N Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Courtney A Polenick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Aging & Biopsychological Innovations Program, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Cruz GPD, Pereira LS, Pizzetti CDF, Kiel LDS, Canella TF, Raymundo TM. Development of an online cognitive training program for healthy older adults: an occupational therapy intervention. CADERNOS BRASILEIROS DE TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao239231242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Based on natural aging and its characteristics regarding cognition and the specificities of Occupational Therapy, cognitive training is a health promotion strategy used to favor engagement in occupations and, mainly, improve or maintain cognitive skills, which may decline with aging. Objective To describe an on-line cognitive training program regarding its format and composing activities, as well as to analyze the perceptions of the participating older people and students involved in its development. Method This is an exploratory qualitative study. Cognitive tasks were distributed in 24 individual, multidomain, online training sessions lasting 90 minutes each. Activities with pencil and paper were used, and the intervention was adapted and graded according to the rhythm of the participants. The 21 older people who received the training were evaluated pre and post-intervention using semi-structured interviews, and field diaries were prepared. Results The older participants reported having made use of different internal and external compensatory strategies and indicated improvement in their quality of life perception and occupational performance. The students were able to get involved in the construction of a protocol during the pandemic period, overcoming barriers in the context of remote assistance, which was used to maintain or improve the functional and cognitive performance of the participants, thus favoring healthy aging. Conclusion The results showed that cognitive training had a positive impact on the participants, but there is still a need to refine the protocol to achieve better results. The analysis of the activities conducted proved to be fundamental to systematize the sessions and monitor the performance of the participants.
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