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Cheung S, Zhong Y, Wu L, Jia X, He MQ, Ai Y, Jiao Q, Liang Q. Mechanism interpretation of Guhan Yangshengjing for protection against Alzheimer's disease by network pharmacology and molecular docking. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:117976. [PMID: 38492794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guhan Yangshengjing (GHYSJ) is an effective prescription for delaying progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the ancient Chinese medical classics excavated from Mawangdui Han Tomb. Comprising a combination of eleven traditional Chinese herbs, the precise protective mechanism through which GHYSJ acts on AD progression remains unclear and has significant implications for the development of new drugs to treat AD. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanism of GHYSJ in the treatment of AD through network pharmacology and validate the results through in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical composition-target-pathway network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed by network pharmacology to predict the potential targets of GHYSJ for the treatment of AD. The interaction relationship between active ingredients and targets was verified by molecular docking and molecular force. Furthermore, the chemical constituents of GHYSJ were analyzed by LC-MS and HPLC, the effects of GHYSJ on animal tissues were analyzed by H&E staining. An Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cellular model was established to validate the core pathways and targets predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. RESULTS The results of the network pharmacology analysis revealed a total of 155 bioactive compounds capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and interacting with 677 targets, among which 293 targets specifically associated with AD, which mainly participated in and regulated the amyloid aggregation pathway and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby treating AD. In addition, molecular docking analysis revealed a robust binding affinity between the principal bioactive constituents of GHYSJ and crucial targets implicated in AD. Our findings were further substantiated by in vitro experiments, which demonstrated that Liquiritigenin and Ginsenosides Rh4, crucial constituents of GHYSJ, as well as GHYSJ pharmaceutic serum, exhibited a significant down-regulation of BACE1 expression in Aβ-induced damaged SH-SY5Y cells. This study provides valuable data and theoretical underpinning for the potential therapeutic application of GHYSJ in the treatment of AD and secondary development of GHYSJ prescription. CONCLUSION Through network pharmacology, molecular docking, LC-MS, and cellular experiments, GHYSJ was initially confirmed to delay the progression of AD by regulating the expression of BACE1 in Amyloid aggregation pathway. Our observations provided valuable data and theoretical underpinning for the potential therapeutic application of GHYSJ in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Cheung
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Lei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaomeng Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng-Qi He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongjian Ai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Koutarapu S, Ge J, Dulewicz M, Srikrishna M, Szadziewska A, Wood J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Michno W, Ryan NS, Lashley T, Savas J, Schöll M, Hanrieder J. Chemical signatures delineate heterogeneous amyloid plaque populations across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.03.596890. [PMID: 38895368 PMCID: PMC11185524 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.596890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid plaque deposition is recognized as the primary pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease(AD) that precedes other pathological events and cognitive symptoms. Plaque pathology represents itself with an immense polymorphic variety comprising plaques with different stages of amyloid fibrillization ranging from diffuse to fibrillar, mature plaques. The association of polymorphic Aβ plaque pathology with AD pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and disease progression remains unclear. Advanced chemical imaging tools, such as functional amyloid microscopy combined with MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), are now enhanced by deep learning algorithms. This integration allows for precise delineation of polymorphic plaque structures and detailed identification of their associated Aβ compositions. We here set out to make use of these tools to interrogate heterogenic plaque types and their associated biochemical architecture. Our findings reveal distinct Aβ signatures that differentiate diffuse plaques from fibrilized ones, with the latter showing substantially higher levels of Aβx-40. Notably, within the fibrilized category, we identified a distinct subtype known as coarse-grain plaques. Both in sAD and fAD brain tissue, coarse grain plaques contained more Aβx-40 and less Aβx-42 compared with cored plaques. The coarse grain plaques in both sAD and fAD also showed higher levels of neuritic content including paired helical filaments (PHF-1)/phosphorylated phospho Tau-immunopositive neurites. Finally, the Aβ peptide content in coarse grain plaques resembled that of vascular Aβ deposits (CAA) though with relatively higher levels of Aβ1-42 and pyroglutamated Aβx-40 and Aβx-42 species in coarse grain plaques. This is the first of its kind study on spatial in situ biochemical characterization of different plaque morphotypes demonstrating the potential of the correlative imaging techniques used that further increase the understanding of heterogeneous AD pathology. Linking the biochemical characteristics of amyloid plaque polymorphisms with various AD etiologies and toxicity mechanisms is crucial. Understanding the connection between plaque structure and disease pathogenesis can enhance our insights. This knowledge is particularly valuable for developing and advancing novel, amyloid-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Koutarapu
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Junyue Ge
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Meera Srikrishna
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alicja Szadziewska
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jack Wood
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wojciech Michno
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalie S Ryan
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Savas
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael Schöll
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- SciLife Lab, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Ishida K, Yamada K. A Method to Collect Cerebrospinal Fluid from Mouse Cisterna Magna to Determine Extracellular Tau Levels. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2754:343-349. [PMID: 38512675 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3629-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite being a cytoplasmic protein abundant in neurons, tau is detectable in various extracellular fluids. In addition to being passively released from dying/degenerating neurons, tau is also actively released from living neurons in a neuronal activity-dependent mechanism. In vivo, tau released from neurons first appears in brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and subsequently drains into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by glymphatic system. Changes in CSF tau levels alter during the course of AD pathogenesis and are considered to predict the disease-progression of AD. A method to collect CSF from various mouse models of AD will serve as a valuable tool to investigate the dynamics of physiological/pathological tau released from neurons. In this chapter, we describe and characterize a method that reliably collects a relatively large volume of CSF from anesthetized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Ishida
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamada
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Horie K, Salvadó G, Barthélemy NR, Janelidze S, Li Y, He Y, Saef B, Chen CD, Jiang H, Strandberg O, Pichet Binette A, Palmqvist S, Sato C, Sachdev P, Koyama A, Gordon BA, Benzinger TLS, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Stomrud E, Ossenkoppele R, Schindler SE, Hansson O, Bateman RJ. CSF MTBR-tau243 is a specific biomarker of tau tangle pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Med 2023; 29:1954-1963. [PMID: 37443334 PMCID: PMC10427417 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Aggregated insoluble tau is one of two defining features of Alzheimer's disease. Because clinical symptoms are strongly correlated with tau aggregates, drug development and clinical diagnosis need cost-effective and accessible specific fluid biomarkers of tau aggregates; however, recent studies suggest that the fluid biomarkers currently available cannot specifically track tau aggregates. We show that the microtubule-binding region (MTBR) of tau containing the residue 243 (MTBR-tau243) is a new cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker specific for insoluble tau aggregates and compared it to multiple other phosphorylated tau measures (p-tau181, p-tau205, p-tau217 and p-tau231) in two independent cohorts (BioFINDER-2, n = 448; and Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, n = 219). MTBR-tau243 was most strongly associated with tau-positron emission tomography (PET) and cognition, whereas showing the lowest association with amyloid-PET. In combination with p-tau205, MTBR-tau243 explained most of the total variance in tau-PET burden (0.58 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.75) and the performance in predicting cognitive measures (0.34 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.48) approached that of tau-PET (0.44 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.52). MTBR-tau243 levels longitudinally increased with insoluble tau aggregates, unlike CSF p-tau species. CSF MTBR-tau243 is a specific biomarker of tau aggregate pathology, which may be utilized in interventional trials and in the diagnosis of patients. Based on these findings, we propose to revise the A/T/(N) criteria to include MTBR-tau243 as representing insoluble tau aggregates ('T').
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Grants
- P30 AG066444 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG070941 NIA NIH HHS
- P01 AG003991 NIA NIH HHS
- P01 AG026276 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 NS048056 NINDS NIH HHS
- S10 OD025214 NIH HHS
- The Tracy Family SILQ Center established by the Tracy Family, Richard Frimel and Gary Werths, GHR Foundation, David Payne, and the Willman Family brought together by The Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital.
- Eisai industry grant
- The European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie action grant agreement No 101061836, from Greta och Johan Kocks research grants and, travel grants from the Strategic Research Area MultiPark (Multidisciplinary Research in Parkinson’s disease) at Lund University
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- The Swedish Research Council (2016-00906), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation (2017-0383), the Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg foundation (2015.0125), the Strategic Research Area MultiPark (Multidisciplinary Research in Parkinson’s disease) at Lund University, the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (AF-939932), the Swedish Brain Foundation (FO2021-0293), The Parkinson foundation of Sweden (1280/20), the Cure Alzheimer’s fund, the Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse, the Skåne University Hospital Foundation (2020-O000028), Regionalt Forskningsstöd (2020-0314) and the Swedish federal government under the ALF agreement (2018-Projekt0279)
- The Knight ADRC developmental project
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Horie
- The Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Eisai Inc., Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Gemma Salvadó
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicolas R Barthélemy
- The Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yingxin He
- The Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin Saef
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles D Chen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexa Pichet Binette
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Chihiro Sato
- The Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Brian A Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Randall J Bateman
- The Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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5
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Horie K, Li Y, Barthélemy NR, Gordon BA, Hassenstab J, Benzinger TL, Fagan AM, Morris JC, Karch CM, Xiong C, Allegri R, Mendez PC, Ikeuchi T, Kasuga K, Noble J, Farlow M, Chhatwal J, Day GS, Schofield PR, Masters CL, Levin J, Jucker M, Lee JH, Hoon Roh J, Sato C, Sachdev P, Koyama A, Reyderman L, Bateman RJ, McDade E. Change in Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Microtubule Binding Region Detects Symptom Onset, Cognitive Decline, Tangles, and Atrophy in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Disease. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:1158-1172. [PMID: 36843330 PMCID: PMC10238659 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying cerebrospinal fluid measures of the microtubule binding region of tau (MTBR-tau) species that reflect tau aggregation could provide fluid biomarkers that track Alzheimer's disease related neurofibrillary tau pathological changes. We examined the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) MTBR-tau species in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease (DIAD) mutation carriers to assess the association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and clinical symptoms. METHODS Cross-sectional and longitudinal CSF from 229 DIAD mutation carriers and 130 mutation non-carriers had sequential characterization of N-terminal/mid-domain phosphorylated tau (p-tau) followed by MTBR-tau species and tau positron emission tomography (tau PET), other soluble tau and amyloid biomarkers, comprehensive clinical and cognitive assessments, and brain magnetic resonance imaging of atrophy. RESULTS CSF MTBR-tau species located within the putative "border" region and one species corresponding to the "core" region of aggregates in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) increased during the presymptomatic stage and decreased during the symptomatic stage. The "border" MTBR-tau species were associated with amyloid pathology and CSF p-tau; whereas the "core" MTBR-tau species were associated stronger with tau PET and CSF measures of neurodegeneration. The ratio of the border to the core species provided a continuous measure of increasing amounts that tracked clinical progression and NFTs. INTERPRETATION Changes in CSF soluble MTBR-tau species preceded the onset of dementia, tau tangle increase, and atrophy in DIAD. The ratio of 4R-specific MTBR-tau (border) to the NFT (core) MTBR-tau species corresponds to the pathology of NFTs in DIAD and change with disease progression. The dynamics between different MTBR-tau species in the CSF may serve as a marker of tau-related disease progression and target engagement of anti-tau therapeutics. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1158-1172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Horie
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Eisai Inc., Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
- The Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nicolas R. Barthélemy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brian A. Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tammie. L.S. Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Correa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio Chrem Mendez
- Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Correa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - James Noble
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, G.H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Martin Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gregory S. Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, 2031 NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Marchioninistr 15, D-83177 Munchen, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistr 15, 83177 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen; and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Roh
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, and Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Eric McDade
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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6
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Stevenson-Hoare J, Heslegrave A, Leonenko G, Fathalla D, Bellou E, Luckcuck L, Marshall R, Sims R, Morgan BP, Hardy J, de Strooper B, Williams J, Zetterberg H, Escott-Price V. Plasma biomarkers and genetics in the diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2023; 146:690-699. [PMID: 35383826 PMCID: PMC9924904 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies have undergone rapid developments during the past few years, and there are now well-validated blood tests for amyloid and tau pathology, as well as neurodegeneration and astrocytic activation. To define Alzheimer's disease with biomarkers rather than clinical assessment, we assessed prediction of research-diagnosed disease status using these biomarkers and tested genetic variants associated with the biomarkers that may reflect more accurately the risk of biochemically defined Alzheimer's disease instead of the risk of dementia. In a cohort of Alzheimer's disease cases [n = 1439, mean age 68 years (standard deviation = 8.2)] and screened controls [n = 508, mean age 82 years (standard deviation = 6.8)], we measured plasma concentrations of the 40 and 42 amino acid-long amyloid-β (Aβ) fragments (Aβ40 and Aβ42, respectively), tau phosphorylated at amino acid 181 (P-tau181), neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using state-of-the-art Single molecule array (Simoa) technology. We tested the relationships between the biomarkers and Alzheimer's disease genetic risk, age at onset and disease duration. We also conducted a genome-wide association study for association of disease risk genes with these biomarkers. The prediction accuracy of Alzheimer's disease clinical diagnosis by the combination of all biomarkers, APOE and polygenic risk score reached area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.81, with the most significant contributors being ε4, Aβ40 or Aβ42, GFAP and NfL. All biomarkers were significantly associated with age in cases and controls (P < 4.3 × 10-5). Concentrations of the Aβ-related biomarkers in plasma were significantly lower in cases compared with controls, whereas other biomarker levels were significantly higher in cases. In the case-control genome-wide analyses, APOE-ε4 was associated with all biomarkers (P = 0.011-4.78 × 10-8), except NfL. No novel genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in the case-control design; however, in a case-only analysis, we found two independent genome-wide significant associations between the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and WWOX and COPG2 genes. Disease prediction modelling by the combination of all biomarkers indicates that the variance attributed to P-tau181 is mostly captured by APOE-ε4, whereas Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP and NfL biomarkers explain additional variation over and above APOE. We identified novel plausible genome wide-significant genes associated with Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in a sample which is 50 times smaller than current genome-wide association studies in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dina Fathalla
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eftychia Bellou
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lauren Luckcuck
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel Marshall
- Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - John Hardy
- Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Bart de Strooper
- Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Williams
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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7
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Experimental evidence for temporal uncoupling of brain Aβ deposition and neurodegenerative sequelae. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7333. [PMID: 36443293 PMCID: PMC9705543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain Aβ deposition is a key early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer´s disease (AD), but the long presymptomatic phase and poor correlation between Aβ deposition and clinical symptoms remain puzzling. To elucidate the dependency of downstream pathologies on Aβ, we analyzed the trajectories of cerebral Aβ accumulation, Aβ seeding activity, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) in the CSF (a biomarker of neurodegeneration) in Aβ-precursor protein transgenic mice. We find that Aβ deposition increases linearly until it reaches an apparent plateau at a late age, while Aβ seeding activity increases more rapidly and reaches a plateau earlier, coinciding with the onset of a robust increase of CSF NfL. Short-term inhibition of Aβ generation in amyloid-laden mice reduced Aβ deposition and associated glial changes, but failed to reduce Aβ seeding activity, and CSF NfL continued to increase although at a slower pace. When short-term or long-term inhibition of Aβ generation was started at pre-amyloid stages, CSF NfL did not increase despite some Aβ deposition, microglial activation, and robust brain Aβ seeding activity. A dissociation of Aβ load and CSF NfL trajectories was also found in familial AD, consistent with the view that Aβ aggregation is not kinetically coupled to neurotoxicity. Rather, neurodegeneration starts when Aβ seeding activity is saturated and before Aβ deposition reaches critical (half-maximal) levels, a phenomenon reminiscent of the two pathogenic phases in prion disease.
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8
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Alghamdi A, Birch DJS, Vyshemirsky V, Rolinski OJ. Impact of the Flavonoid Quercetin on β-Amyloid Aggregation Revealed by Intrinsic Fluorescence. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7229-7237. [PMID: 36121408 PMCID: PMC9527748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the effects of quercetin, a flavonoid present in the human diet, on early stage beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, a seminal event in Alzheimer's disease. Molecular level changes in Aβ arrangements are monitored by time-resolved emission spectral (TRES) measurements of the fluorescence of Aβ's single tyrosine intrinsic fluorophore (Tyr). The results suggest that quercetin binds β-amyloid oligomers at early stages of their aggregation, which leads to the formation of modified oligomers and hinders the creation of β-sheet structures, potentially preventing the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Alghamdi
- Photophysics Group, Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - David J S Birch
- Photophysics Group, Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Vladislav Vyshemirsky
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Olaf J Rolinski
- Photophysics Group, Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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9
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Heming M, Börsch AL, Wiendl H, Meyer zu Hörste G. High-dimensional investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid to explore and monitor CNS immune responses. Genome Med 2022; 14:94. [PMID: 35978442 PMCID: PMC9385102 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) features a unique immune cell composition and is in constant contact with the brain borders, thus permitting insights into the brain to diagnose and monitor diseases. Recently, the meninges, which are filled with CSF, were identified as a neuroimmunological interface, highlighting the potential of exploring central nervous system (CNS) immunity by studying CNS border compartments. Here, we summarize how single-cell transcriptomics of such border compartments advance our understanding of neurological diseases, the challenges that remain, and what opportunities novel multi-omic methods offer. Single-cell transcriptomics studies have detected cytotoxic CD4+ T cells and clonally expanded T and B cells in the CSF in the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis; clonally expanded pathogenic CD8+ T cells were found in the CSF and in the brain adjacent to β-amyloid plaques of dementia patients; in patients with brain metastases, CD8+ T cell clonotypes were shared between the brain parenchyma and the CSF and persisted after therapy. We also outline how novel multi-omic approaches permit the simultaneous measurements of gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and protein in the same cells, which remain to be explored in the CSF. This calls for multicenter initiatives to create single-cell atlases, posing challenges in integrating patients and modalities across centers. While high-dimensional analyses of CSF cells are challenging, they hold potential for personalized medicine by better resolving heterogeneous diseases and stratifying patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heming
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Börsch
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerd Meyer zu Hörste
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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10
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Botella Lucena P, Vanherle S, Lodder C, Gutiérrez de Ravé M, Stancu IC, Lambrichts I, Vangheluwe R, Bruffaerts R, Dewachter I. Blood-based Aβ42 increases in the earliest pre-pathological stage before decreasing with progressive amyloid pathology in preclinical models and human subjects: opening new avenues for prevention. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:489-508. [PMID: 35796870 PMCID: PMC9381631 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood-based (BB) biomarkers for Aβ and tau can indicate pathological processes in the brain, in the early pathological, even pre-symptomatic stages in Alzheimer’s disease. However, the relation between BB biomarkers and AD-related processes in the brain in the earliest pre-pathology stage before amyloid pathology develops, and their relation with total brain concentrations of Aβ and tau, is poorly understood. This stage presents a critical window for the earliest prevention of AD. Preclinical models with well-defined temporal progression to robust amyloid and tau pathology provide a unique opportunity to study this relation and were used here to study the link between BB biomarkers with AD-related processes in pre- and pathological stages. We performed a cross-sectional study at different ages assessing the link between BB concentrations and AD-related processes in the brain. This was complemented with a longitudinal analysis and with analysis of age-related changes in a small cohort of human subjects. We found that BB-tau concentrations increased in serum, correlating with progressive development of tau pathology and with increasing tau aggregates and p-tau concentrations in brain in TauP301S mice (PS19) developing tauopathy. BB-Aβ42 concentrations in serum decreased between 4.5 and 9 months of age, correlating with the progressive development of robust amyloid pathology in APP/PS1 (5xFAD) mice, in line with previous findings. Most importantly, BB-Aβ42 concentrations significantly increased between 1.5 and 4.5 months, i.e., in the earliest pre-pathological stage, before robust amyloid pathology develops in the brain, indicating biphasic BB-Aβ42 dynamics. Furthermore, increasing BB-Aβ42 in the pre-pathological phase, strongly correlated with increasing Aβ42 concentrations in brain. Our subsequent longitudinal analysis of BB-Aβ42 in 5xFAD mice, confirmed biphasic BB-Aβ42, with an initial increase, before decreasing with progressive robust pathology. Furthermore, in human samples, BB-Aβ42 concentrations were significantly higher in old (> 60 years) compared to young (< 50 years) subjects, as well as to age-matched AD patients, further supporting age-dependent increase of Aβ42 concentrations in the earliest pre-pathological phase, before amyloid pathology. Also BB-Aβ40 concentrations were found to increase in the earliest pre-pathological phase both in preclinical models and human subjects, while subsequent significantly decreasing concentrations in the pathological phase were characteristic for BB-Aβ42. Together our data indicate that BB biomarkers reflect pathological processes in brain of preclinical models with amyloid and tau pathology, both in the pathological and pre-pathological phase. Our data indicate a biphasic pattern of BB-Aβ42 in preclinical models and a human cohort. And most importantly, we here show that BB-Aβ increased and correlated with increasing concentrations of Aβ in the brain, in the earliest pre-pathological stage in a preclinical model. Our data thereby identify a novel critical window for prevention, using BB-Aβ as marker for accumulating Aβ in the brain, in the earliest pre-pathological stage, opening new avenues for personalized early preventive strategies against AD, even before amyloid pathology develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Botella Lucena
- Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vanherle
- Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Chritica Lodder
- Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Ilie-Cosmin Stancu
- Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Riet Vangheluwe
- Neurology Department, ZOL Genk General Hospital, Genk, Belgium
| | - Rose Bruffaerts
- Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Computational Neurology, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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11
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Abstract
SignificanceSingle-cell transcriptomics has revealed specific glial activation states associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (AD and PD). What is still needed are clinically relevant biomarkers for deciphering such glial states in AD and PD patients. To this end, we applied proteome analysis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of mouse models of AD and PD pathology. This allowed us to identify a panel of glial CSF proteins that largely match the transcriptomic changes. The identified proteins can also be quantified in human CSF and show changes in AD patients, supporting their relevance as biomarker candidates to stage glial activation in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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12
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Quiroga IY, Cruikshank AE, Bond ML, Reed KSM, Evangelista BA, Tseng JH, Ragusa JV, Meeker RB, Won H, Cohen S, Cohen TJ, Phanstiel DH. Synthetic amyloid beta does not induce a robust transcriptional response in innate immune cell culture systems. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:99. [PMID: 35459147 PMCID: PMC9034485 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that impacts nearly 400 million people worldwide. The accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain has historically been associated with AD, and recent evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a central role in its origin and progression. These observations have given rise to the theory that Aβ is the primary trigger of AD, and induces proinflammatory activation of immune brain cells (i.e., microglia), which culminates in neuronal damage and cognitive decline. To test this hypothesis, many in vitro systems have been established to study Aβ-mediated activation of innate immune cells. Nevertheless, the transcriptional resemblance of these models to the microglia in the AD brain has never been comprehensively studied on a genome-wide scale. METHODS We used bulk RNA-seq to assess the transcriptional differences between in vitro cell types used to model neuroinflammation in AD, including several established, primary and iPSC-derived immune cell lines (macrophages, microglia and astrocytes) and their similarities to primary cells in the AD brain. We then analyzed the transcriptional response of these innate immune cells to synthetic Aβ or LPS and INFγ. RESULTS We found that human induced pluripotent stem cell (hIPSC)-derived microglia (IMGL) are the in vitro cell model that best resembles primary microglia. Surprisingly, synthetic Aβ does not trigger a robust transcriptional response in any of the cellular models analyzed, despite testing a wide variety of Aβ formulations, concentrations, and treatment conditions. Finally, we found that bacterial LPS and INFγ activate microglia and induce transcriptional changes that resemble many, but not all, aspects of the transcriptomic profiles of disease associated microglia (DAM) present in the AD brain. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that synthetic Aβ treatment of innate immune cell cultures does not recapitulate transcriptional profiles observed in microglia from AD brains. In contrast, treating IMGL with LPS and INFγ induces transcriptional changes similar to those observed in microglia detected in AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Quiroga
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A E Cruikshank
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M L Bond
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K S M Reed
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B A Evangelista
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J H Tseng
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J V Ragusa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R B Meeker
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H Won
- Department of Genetics and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T J Cohen
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D H Phanstiel
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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13
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Kaeser SA, Häsler LM, Lambert M, Bergmann C, Bottelbergs A, Theunis C, Mercken M, Jucker M. CSF p-tau increase in response to Aβ-type and Danish-type cerebral amyloidosis and in the absence of neurofibrillary tangles. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:287-290. [PMID: 34961894 PMCID: PMC8742811 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Kaeser
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lisa M Häsler
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Lambert
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carina Bergmann
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Astrid Bottelbergs
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Clara Theunis
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marc Mercken
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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14
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Ashton NJ, Benedet AL, Pascoal TA, Karikari TK, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Brum WS, Mathotaarachchi S, Therriault J, Savard M, Chamoun M, Stoops E, Francois C, Vanmechelen E, Gauthier S, Zimmer ER, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Rosa-Neto P. Cerebrospinal fluid p-tau231 as an early indicator of emerging pathology in Alzheimer's disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103836. [PMID: 35158308 PMCID: PMC8850760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) epitopes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are accurate biomarkers for a pathological and clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are seen to be increased in preclinical stage of the disease. However, it is unknown if these increases transpire earlier, prior to amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity as determined by position emission tomography (PET), and if an ordinal sequence of p-tau epitopes occurs at this incipient phase METHODS: We measured CSF concentrations of p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231 in 171 participants across the AD continuum who had undergone Aβ ([18F]AZD4694) and tau ([18F]MK6240) position emission tomography (PET) and clinical assessment FINDINGS: All CSF p-tau biomarkers were accurate predictors of cognitive impairment but CSF p-tau217 demonstrated the largest fold-changes in AD patients in comparison to non-AD dementias and cognitively unimpaired individuals. CSF p-tau231 and p-tau217 predicted Aβ and tau to a similar degree but p-tau231 attained abnormal levels first. P-tau231 was sensitive to the earliest changes of Aβ in the medial orbitofrontal, precuneus and posterior cingulate before global Aβ PET positivity was reached INTERPRETATION: We demonstrate that CSF p-tau231 increases early in development of AD pathology and is a principal candidate for detecting incipient Aβ pathology for therapeutic trial application FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Canadian Consortium of Neurodegeneration and Aging, Weston Brain Institute, Brain Canada Foundation, the Fonds de Recherche du Québec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Andréa L Benedet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Wagner S Brum
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sulantha Mathotaarachchi
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Therriault
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Savard
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mira Chamoun
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erik Stoops
- ADx NeuroSciences, Technologiepark 94, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Cindy Francois
- ADx NeuroSciences, Technologiepark 94, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | | | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Director of the McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Director of the McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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15
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Age, sex and APOE-ε4 modify the balance between soluble and fibrillar β-amyloid in non-demented individuals: topographical patterns across two independent cohorts. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2010-2018. [PMID: 35236958 PMCID: PMC9126807 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid (Aβ) pathology is the earliest detectable pathophysiological event along the Alzheimer's continuum, which can be measured both in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and by Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Yet, these biomarkers identify two distinct Aβ pools, reflecting the clearance of soluble Aβ as opposed to the presence of Aβ fibrils in the brain. An open question is whether risk factors known to increase Alzheimer's' disease (AD) prevalence may promote an imbalance between soluble and deposited Aβ. Unveiling such interactions shall aid our understanding of the biological pathways underlying Aβ deposition and foster the design of effective prevention strategies. We assessed the impact of three major AD risk factors, such as age, APOE-ε4 and female sex, on the association between CSF and PET Aβ, in two independent samples of non-demented individuals (ALFA: n = 320, ADNI: n = 682). We tested our hypotheses both in candidate regions of interest and in the whole brain using voxel-wise non-parametric permutations. All of the assessed risk factors induced a higher Aβ deposition for any given level of CSF Aβ42/40, although in distinct cerebral topologies. While age and sex mapped onto neocortical areas, the effect of APOE-ε4 was prominent in the medial temporal lobe, which represents a target of early tau deposition. Further, we found that the effects of age and APOE-ε4 was stronger in women than in men. Our data indicate that specific AD risk factors affect the spatial patterns of cerebral Aβ aggregation, with APOE-ε4 possibly facilitating a co-localization between Aβ and tau along the disease continuum.
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16
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Emmenegger M, De Cecco E, Hruska‐Plochan M, Eninger T, Schneider MM, Barth M, Tantardini E, de Rossi P, Bacioglu M, Langston RG, Kaganovich A, Bengoa‐Vergniory N, Gonzalez‐Guerra A, Avar M, Heinzer D, Reimann R, Häsler LM, Herling TW, Matharu NS, Landeck N, Luk K, Melki R, Kahle PJ, Hornemann S, Knowles TPJ, Cookson MR, Polymenidou M, Jucker M, Aguzzi A. LAG3 is not expressed in human and murine neurons and does not modulate α-synucleinopathies. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14745. [PMID: 34309222 PMCID: PMC8422075 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the initial pathology of Parkinson's disease and other α-synucleinopathies is often confined to circumscribed brain regions, it can spread and progressively affect adjacent and distant brain locales. This process may be controlled by cellular receptors of α-synuclein fibrils, one of which was proposed to be the LAG3 immune checkpoint molecule. Here, we analysed the expression pattern of LAG3 in human and mouse brains. Using a variety of methods and model systems, we found no evidence for LAG3 expression by neurons. While we confirmed that LAG3 interacts with α-synuclein fibrils, the specificity of this interaction appears limited. Moreover, overexpression of LAG3 in cultured human neural cells did not cause any worsening of α-synuclein pathology ex vivo. The overall survival of A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice was unaffected by LAG3 depletion, and the seeded induction of α-synuclein lesions in hippocampal slice cultures was unaffected by LAG3 knockout. These data suggest that the proposed role of LAG3 in the spreading of α-synucleinopathies is not universally valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Elena De Cecco
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Timo Eninger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of Cellular NeurologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Matthias M Schneider
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryCentre for Misfolding DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Melanie Barth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of Cellular NeurologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Elena Tantardini
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Pierre de Rossi
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mehtap Bacioglu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of Cellular NeurologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Rebekah G Langston
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression SectionLaboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Alice Kaganovich
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression SectionLaboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nora Bengoa‐Vergniory
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsOxford Parkinson’s Disease Center (OPDC)Oxford UniversityOxfordUK
| | | | - Merve Avar
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Heinzer
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Regina Reimann
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lisa M Häsler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of Cellular NeurologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Therese W Herling
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryCentre for Misfolding DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Naunehal S Matharu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryCentre for Misfolding DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Natalie Landeck
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression SectionLaboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Kelvin Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ronald Melki
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative DiseasesCNRSInstitut François Jacob (MIRCen)CEAFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
| | - Philipp J Kahle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of NeurodegenerationHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Simone Hornemann
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryCentre for Misfolding DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cavendish LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression SectionLaboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Mathias Jucker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of Cellular NeurologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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17
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McDade E, Llibre-Guerra JJ, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Bateman RJ. The informed road map to prevention of Alzheimer Disease: A call to arms. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:49. [PMID: 34289882 PMCID: PMC8293489 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) prevention trials hold the promise to delay or prevent cognitive decline and dementia onset by intervening before significant neuronal damage occurs. In recent years, the first AD prevention trials have launched and are yielding important findings on the biology of targeting asymptomatic AD pathology. However, there are limitations that impact the design of these prevention trials, including the translation of animal models that recapitulate key stages and multiple pathological aspects of the human disease, missing target validation in asymptomatic disease, uncertain causality of the association of pathophysiologic changes with cognitive and clinical symptoms, and limited biomarker validation for novel targets. The field is accelerating advancements in key areas including the development of highly specific and quantitative biomarker measures for AD pathology, increasing our understanding of the course and relationship of amyloid and tau pathology in asymptomatic through symptomatic stages, and the development of powerful interventions that can slow or reverse AD amyloid pathology. We review the current status of prevention trials and propose key areas of needed research as a call to basic and translational scientists to accelerate AD prevention. Specifically, we review (1) sporadic and dominantly inherited primary and secondary AD prevention trials, (2) proposed targets, mechanisms, and drugs including the amyloid, tau, and inflammatory pathways and combination treatments, (3) the need for more appropriate prevention animal models and experiments, and (4) biomarkers and outcome measures needed to design human asymptomatic prevention trials. We conclude with actions needed to effectively move prevention targets and trials forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric McDade
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box, St Louis, MO 8111 USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network Trials Unit, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jorge J. Llibre-Guerra
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box, St Louis, MO 8111 USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network Trials Unit, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box, St Louis, MO 8111 USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network Trials Unit, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box, St Louis, MO 8111 USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network Trials Unit, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box, St Louis, MO 8111 USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network Trials Unit, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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18
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Simoes S, Neufeld JL, Triana-Baltzer G, Moughadam S, Chen EI, Kothiya M, Qureshi YH, Patel V, Honig LS, Kolb H, Small SA. Tau and other proteins found in Alzheimer's disease spinal fluid are linked to retromer-mediated endosomal traffic in mice and humans. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/571/eaba6334. [PMID: 33239387 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba6334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal trafficking has emerged as a defective biological pathway in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the pathway is a source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein accumulation. Nevertheless, the identity of the CSF proteins that accumulate in the setting of defects in AD's endosomal trafficking pathway remains unknown. Here, we performed a CSF proteomic screen in mice with a neuronal-selective knockout of the core of the retromer complex VPS35, a master conductor of endosomal traffic that has been implicated in AD. We then validated three of the most relevant proteomic findings: the amino terminus of the transmembrane proteins APLP1 and CHL1, and the mid-domain of tau, which is known to be unconventionally secreted and elevated in AD. In patients with AD dementia, the concentration of amino-terminal APLP1 and CHL1 in the CSF correlated with tau and phosphorylated tau. Similar results were observed in healthy controls, where both proteins correlated with tau and phosphorylated tau and were elevated in about 70% of patients in the prodromal stages of AD. Collectively, the mouse-to-human studies suggest that retromer-dependent endosomal trafficking can regulate tau, APLP1, and CHL1 CSF concentration, informing on how AD's trafficking pathway might contribute to disease spread and how to identify its trafficking impairments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Simoes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jessica L Neufeld
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Setareh Moughadam
- Neuroscience Biomarkers, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Emily I Chen
- Thermo Fisher Precision Medicine Science Center, 790 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Milankumar Kothiya
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yasir H Qureshi
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vivek Patel
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hartmuth Kolb
- Neuroscience Biomarkers, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott A Small
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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19
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Lukkarinen H, Tesseur I, Pemberton D, Van Der Ark P, Timmers M, Slemmon R, Janssens L, Streffer J, Van Nueten L, Bottelbergs A, Rauramaa T, Koivisto AM, Herukka SK, Korhonen VE, Junkkari A, Hiltunen M, Engelborghs S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Kolb HC, Leinonen V. Time Trends of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1629-1642. [PMID: 33720890 PMCID: PMC8150674 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are seldom studied. Furthermore, data on biomarker gradient between lumbar (L-) and ventricular (V-) compartments seems to be discordant. OBJECTIVE To examine alteration of CSF biomarkers reflecting Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and early synaptic degeneration by CSF shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in relation to AD-related changes in brain biopsy. In addition, biomarker levels in L- and V-CSF were compared. METHODS L-CSF was collected prior to shunt placement and, together with V-CSF, 3-73 months after surgery. Thereafter, additional CSF sampling took place at 3, 6, and 18 months after the baseline sample from 26 iNPH patients with confirmed Aβ plaques in frontal cortical brain biopsy and 13 iNPH patients without Aβ pathology. CSF Amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau181), neurofilament light (NFL), and neurogranin (NRGN) were analyzed with customized ELISAs. RESULTS All biomarkers but Aβ42 increased notably by 140-810% in L-CSF after CSF diversion and then stabilized. Aβ42 instead showed divergent longitudinal decrease between Aβ-positive and -negative patients in L-CSF, and thereafter increase in Aβ-negative iNPH patients in both L- and V-CSF. All five biomarkers correlated highly between V-CSF and L-CSF (Aβ42 R = 0.87, T-tau R = 0.83, P-tau R = 0.92, NFL R = 0.94, NRGN R = 0.9; all p < 0.0001) but were systematically lower in V-CSF (Aβ42 14 %, T-tau 22%, P-tau 20%, NFL 32%, NRGN 19%). With APOE genotype-grouping, only Aβ42 showed higher concentration in non-carriers of allele ɛ4. CONCLUSION Longitudinal follow up shows that after an initial post-surgery increase, T-tau, P-tau, and NRGN are stable in iNPH patients regardless of brain biopsy Aβ pathology, while NFL normalized toward its pre-shunt levels. Aβ42 as biomarker seems to be the least affected by the surgical procedure or shunt and may be the best predictor of AD risk in iNPH patients. All biomarker concentrations were lower in V- than L-CSF yet showing strong correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Lukkarinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Darrel Pemberton
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Der Ark
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Maarten Timmers
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Janssens
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Johannes Streffer
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Van Nueten
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Astrid Bottelbergs
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Pathology, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville E Korhonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Junkkari
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,UCL Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ville Leinonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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20
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Rueeger H, Lueoend R, Machauer R, Veenstra SJ, Holzer P, Hurth K, Voegtle M, Frederiksen M, Rondeau JM, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Jacobson LH, Staufenbiel M, Laue G, Neumann U. Synthesis of the Potent, Selective, and Efficacious β-Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitor NB-360. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4677-4696. [PMID: 33844524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Starting from lead compound 4, the 1,4-oxazine headgroup was optimized to improve potency and brain penetration. Focusing at the 6-position of the 5-amino-1,4-oxazine, the insertion of a Me and a CF3 group delivered an excellent pharmacological profile with a pKa of 7.1 and a very low P-gp efflux ratio enabling high central nervous system (CNS) penetration and exposure. Various synthetic routes to access BACE1 inhibitors bearing a 5-amino-6-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-oxazine headgroup were investigated. Subsequent optimization of the P3 fragment provided the highly potent N-(3-((3R,6R)-5-amino-3,6-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenyl)-5-cyano-3-methylpicolinamide 54 (NB-360), able to reduce significantly Aβ levels in mice, rats, and dogs in acute and chronic treatment regimens.
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21
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Bjorkli C, Sandvig A, Sandvig I. Bridging the Gap Between Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease, Model Systems, and Patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:272. [PMID: 32982716 PMCID: PMC7492751 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of two proteins in fibrillar form: amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. Despite decades of intensive research, we cannot yet pinpoint the exact cause of the disease or unequivocally determine the exact mechanism(s) underlying its progression. This confounds early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, which can reveal ongoing biochemical changes in the brain, can help monitor developing AD pathology prior to clinical diagnosis. Here we review preclinical and clinical investigations of commonly used biomarkers in animals and patients with AD, which can bridge translation from model systems into the clinic. The core AD biomarkers have been found to translate well across species, whereas biomarkers of neuroinflammation translate to a lesser extent. Nevertheless, there is no absolute equivalence between biomarkers in human AD patients and those examined in preclinical models in terms of revealing key pathological hallmarks of the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of current but also novel AD biomarkers and how they relate to key constituents of the pathological cascade, highlighting confounding factors and pitfalls in interpretation, and also provide recommendations for standardized procedures during sample collection to enhance the translational validity of preclinical AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Bjorkli
- Sandvig Group, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Sandvig Group, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Institute of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neuro, Head, and Neck, University Hospital of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Sandvig Group, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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22
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Busche MA, Hyman BT. Synergy between amyloid-β and tau in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:1183-1193. [PMID: 32778792 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) present with both extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. For many years, the prevailing view of AD pathogenesis has been that changes in Aβ precipitate the disease process and initiate a deleterious cascade involving tau pathology and neurodegeneration. Beyond this 'triggering' function, it has been typically presumed that Aβ and tau act independently and in the absence of specific interaction. However, accumulating evidence now suggests otherwise and contends that both pathologies have synergistic effects. This could not only help explain negative results from anti-Aβ clinical trials but also suggest that trials directed solely at tau may need to be reconsidered. Here, drawing from extensive human and disease model data, we highlight the latest evidence base pertaining to the complex Aβ-tau interaction and underscore its crucial importance to elucidating disease pathogenesis and the design of next-generation AD therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Aurel Busche
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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23
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Barthélemy NR, Li Y, Joseph-Mathurin N, Gordon BA, Hassenstab J, Benzinger TLS, Buckles V, Fagan AM, Perrin RJ, Goate AM, Morris JC, Karch CM, Xiong C, Allegri R, Mendez PC, Berman SB, Ikeuchi T, Mori H, Shimada H, Shoji M, Suzuki K, Noble J, Farlow M, Chhatwal J, Graff-Radford NR, Salloway S, Schofield PR, Masters CL, Martins RN, O'Connor A, Fox NC, Levin J, Jucker M, Gabelle A, Lehmann S, Sato C, Bateman RJ, McDade E. A soluble phosphorylated tau signature links tau, amyloid and the evolution of stages of dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease. Nat Med 2020; 26:398-407. [PMID: 32161412 PMCID: PMC7309367 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Development of tau-based therapies for Alzheimer's disease requires an understanding of the timing of disease-related changes in tau. We quantified the phosphorylation state at multiple sites of the tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid markers across four decades of disease progression in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease. We identified a pattern of tau staging where site-specific phosphorylation changes occur at different periods of disease progression and follow distinct trajectories over time. These tau phosphorylation state changes are uniquely associated with structural, metabolic, neurodegenerative and clinical markers of disease, and some (p-tau217 and p-tau181) begin with the initial increases in aggregate amyloid-β as early as two decades before the development of aggregated tau pathology. Others (p-tau205 and t-tau) increase with atrophy and hypometabolism closer to symptom onset. These findings provide insights into the pathways linking tau, amyloid-β and neurodegeneration, and may facilitate clinical trials of tau-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R Barthélemy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nelly Joseph-Mathurin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Virginia Buckles
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Correa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio Chrem Mendez
- Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Correa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sarah B Berman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James Noble
- Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Salloway
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Antoinette O'Connor
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Protéomique Clinique and CRB, INSERM-UM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Protéomique Clinique and CRB, INSERM-UM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France, Montpellier, France
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Eric McDade
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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24
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Zhou Q, Mareljic N, Michaelsen M, Parhizkar S, Heindl S, Nuscher B, Farny D, Czuppa M, Schludi C, Graf A, Krebs S, Blum H, Feederle R, Roth S, Haass C, Arzberger T, Liesz A, Edbauer D. Active poly-GA vaccination prevents microglia activation and motor deficits in a C9orf72 mouse model. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10919. [PMID: 31858749 PMCID: PMC7005532 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C9orf72 repeat expansion is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and/or frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Non-canonical translation of the expanded repeat results in abundant poly-GA inclusion pathology throughout the CNS. (GA)149 -CFP expression in mice triggers motor deficits and neuroinflammation. Since poly-GA is transmitted between cells, we investigated the therapeutic potential of anti-GA antibodies by vaccinating (GA)149 -CFP mice. To overcome poor immunogenicity, we compared the antibody response of multivalent ovalbumin-(GA)10 conjugates and pre-aggregated carrier-free (GA)15 . Only ovalbumin-(GA)10 immunization induced a strong anti-GA response. The resulting antisera detected poly-GA aggregates in cell culture and patient tissue. Ovalbumin-(GA)10 immunization largely rescued the motor function in (GA)149 -CFP transgenic mice and reduced poly-GA inclusions. Transcriptome analysis showed less neuroinflammation in ovalbumin-(GA)10 -immunized poly-GA mice, which was corroborated by semiquantitative and morphological analysis of microglia/macrophages. Moreover, cytoplasmic TDP-43 mislocalization and levels of the neurofilament light chain in the CSF were reduced, suggesting neuroaxonal damage is reduced. Our data suggest that immunotherapy may be a viable primary prevention strategy for ALS/FTD in C9orf72 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Zhou
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Nikola Mareljic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), MunichMunichGermany
| | - Meike Michaelsen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), MunichMunichGermany
| | - Samira Parhizkar
- Chair of Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MunichMunichGermany
| | - Steffanie Heindl
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Brigitte Nuscher
- Chair of Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MunichMunichGermany
| | - Daniel Farny
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), MunichMunichGermany
| | - Mareike Czuppa
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), MunichMunichGermany
| | - Carina Schludi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome AnalysisGene CenterLudwig Maximilian University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome AnalysisGene CenterLudwig Maximilian University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome AnalysisGene CenterLudwig Maximilian University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Regina Feederle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility and Research GroupInstitute for Diabetes and ObesityHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)MunichGermany
| | - Stefan Roth
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
- Chair of Metabolic BiochemistryBiomedical Center (BMC)Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MunichMunichGermany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity HospitalLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
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25
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Llibre-Guerra JJ, Li Y, Schindler SE, Gordon BA, Fagan AM, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS, Hassenstab J, Wang G, Allegri R, Berman SB, Chhatwal J, Farlow MR, Holtzman DM, Jucker M, Levin J, Noble JM, Salloway S, Schofield P, Karch C, Fox NC, Xiong C, Bateman RJ, McDade E. Association of Longitudinal Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Tau and Phosphorylated Tau 181 and Brain Atrophy With Disease Progression in Patients With Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1917126. [PMID: 31825500 PMCID: PMC6991202 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.17126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) framework uses cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of total tau (tTau) as a marker of neurodegeneration and CSF levels of phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181) as a marker of tau tangles. However, it is unclear whether CSF levels of tTau and pTau181 have similar or different trajectories over the course of Alzheimer disease. OBJECTIVES To examine the rates of change in CSF levels of tTau and pTau181 across the Alzheimer disease course and how the rates of change are associated with brain atrophy as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was set in tertiary research clinics. Each participant was a member of a pedigree with a known mutation for dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease. Participants were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the presence of a mutation and their Clinical Dementia Rating score. Data analysis was performed in June 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Rates of change of CSF tTau and pTau181 levels and their association with the rate of change of brain volume. RESULTS Data from 465 participants (283 mutation carriers and 182 noncarriers) were analyzed. The mean (SD) age of the cohort was 37.8 (11.3) years, and 262 (56.3%) were women. The mean (SD) follow-up duration was 2.7 (1.5) years. Two or more longitudinal CSF and magnetic resonance imaging assessments were available for 160 and 247 participants, respectively. Sixty-five percent of mutation carriers (183) did not have symptoms at baseline (Clinical Dementia Rating score, 0). For mutation carriers, the annual rates of change for CSF tTau and pTau181 became significantly different from 0 approximately 10 years before the estimated year of onset (mean [SE] rates of change, 5.5 [2.8] for tTau [P = .05] and 0.7 [0.3] for pTau 181 [P = .04]) and 15 years before onset (mean [SE] rates of change, 5.4 [3.9] for tTau [P = .17] and 1.1 [0.5] for pTau181 [P = .03]), respectively. The rate of change of pTau181 was positive and increased at the early stages of the disease, showing a positive rate of change starting at 15 estimated years before onset until 5 estimated years before onset (mean [SE], 0.4 [0.3]), followed by a positive but decreasing rate of change at year 0 (mean [SE], 0.1 [0.3]) and then negative rates of change at 5 years (mean [SE], -0.3 [0.4]) and 10 years (mean [SE], -0.6 [0.6]) after symptom onset. In individuals without symptoms (Clinical Dementia Rating score, 0), the rates of change of CSF tTau and pTau181 were negatively associated with brain atrophy (high rates of change in CSF measures were associated with low rates of change in brain volume in asymptomatic stages). After symptom onset (Clinical Dementia Rating score, >0), an increased rate of brain atrophy was not associated with rates of change of levels of both CSF tTau and pTau181. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that CSF tTau and pTau181 may have different associations with brain atrophy across the disease time course. These results have implications for understanding the dynamics of disease pathobiology and interpreting neuronal injury biomarker concentrations in response to Alzheimer disease progression and disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Brian A. Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, St Louis, Missouri
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Guoqiao Wang
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sarah B. Berman
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, St Louis, Missouri
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Munich, Germany
- SyNergy, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - James M. Noble
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease, Aging Brain G.H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen Salloway
- Memory & Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Peter Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Celeste Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Nick C. Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric McDade
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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26
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Schelle J, Wegenast-Braun BM, Fritschi SK, Kaeser SA, Jährling N, Eicke D, Skodras A, Beschorner N, Obermueller U, Häsler LM, Wolfer DP, Mueggler T, Shimshek DR, Neumann U, Dodt HU, Staufenbiel M, Jucker M. Early Aβ reduction prevents progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:561-571. [PMID: 31359452 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical trials targeting β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) for Alzheimer disease (AD) failed for arguable reasons that include selecting the wrong stages of AD pathophysiology or Aβ being the wrong target. Targeting Aβ to prevent cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has not been rigorously followed, although the causal role of Aβ for CAA and related hemorrhages is undisputed. CAA occurs with normal aging and to various degrees in AD, where its impact and treatment is confounded by the presence of parenchymal Aβ deposition. METHODS APPDutch mice develop CAA in the absence of parenchymal amyloid, mimicking hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis Dutch type (HCHWA-D). Mice were treated with a β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitor. We used 3-dimensional ultramicroscopy and immunoassays for visualizing CAA and assessing Aβ in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain. RESULTS CAA onset in mice was at 22 to 24 months, first in frontal leptomeningeal and superficial cortical vessels followed by vessels penetrating the cortical layers. CSF Aβ increased with aging followed by a decrease of both Aβ40 and Aβ42 upon CAA onset, supporting the idea that combined reduction of CSF Aβ40 and Aβ42 is a specific biomarker for vascular amyloid. BACE1 inhibitor treatment starting at CAA onset and continuing for 4 months revealed a 90% Aβ reduction in CSF and largely prevented CAA progression and associated pathologies. INTERPRETATION This is the first study showing that Aβ reduction at early disease time points largely prevents CAA in the absence of parenchymal amyloid. Our observation provides a preclinical basis for Aβ-reducing treatments in patients at risk of CAA and in presymptomatic HCHWA-D. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:561-571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schelle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bettina M Wegenast-Braun
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah K Fritschi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A Kaeser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Jährling
- TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Eicke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelos Skodras
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Beschorner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Obermueller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa M Häsler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David P Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Mueggler
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and Swiss Federal Institute for Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ulf Neumann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Ulrich Dodt
- TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Staufenbiel
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Neumann U, Ufer M, Jacobson LH, Rouzade-Dominguez ML, Huledal G, Kolly C, Lüönd RM, Machauer R, Veenstra SJ, Hurth K, Rueeger H, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Staufenbiel M, Shimshek DR, Perrot L, Frieauff W, Dubost V, Schiller H, Vogg B, Beltz K, Avrameas A, Kretz S, Pezous N, Rondeau JM, Beckmann N, Hartmann A, Vormfelde S, David OJ, Galli B, Ramos R, Graf A, Lopez Lopez C. The BACE-1 inhibitor CNP520 for prevention trials in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201809316. [PMID: 30224383 PMCID: PMC6220303 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme‐1 (BACE‐1) initiates the generation of amyloid‐β (Aβ), and the amyloid cascade leading to amyloid plaque deposition, neurodegeneration, and dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical failures of anti‐Aβ therapies in dementia stages suggest that treatment has to start in the early, asymptomatic disease states. The BACE‐1 inhibitor CNP520 has a selectivity, pharmacodynamics, and distribution profile suitable for AD prevention studies. CNP520 reduced brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ in rats and dogs, and Aβ plaque deposition in APP‐transgenic mice. Animal toxicology studies of CNP520 demonstrated sufficient safety margins, with no signs of hair depigmentation, retina degeneration, liver toxicity, or cardiovascular effects. In healthy adults ≥ 60 years old, treatment with CNP520 was safe and well tolerated and resulted in robust and dose‐dependent Aβ reduction in the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, long‐term, pivotal studies with CNP520 have been initiated in the Generation Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Neumann
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Ufer
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura H Jacobson
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gunilla Huledal
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carine Kolly
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer M Lüönd
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Machauer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Siem J Veenstra
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstanze Hurth
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Rueeger
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Derya R Shimshek
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Perrot
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Frieauff
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Dubost
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hilmar Schiller
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Vogg
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Beltz
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Avrameas
- Biomarker Discovery, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Kretz
- Biomarker Discovery, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Pezous
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Musculoskeletal Diseases, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Vormfelde
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruno Galli
- Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rita Ramos
- Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Graf
- Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Timmers M, Tesseur I, Bogert J, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Börjesson-Hanson A, Baquero M, Boada M, Randolph C, Tritsmans L, Van Nueten L, Engelborghs S, Streffer JR. Relevance of the interplay between amyloid and tau for cognitive impairment in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 79:131-141. [PMID: 31055223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) and tau are key hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. The interplay of Aβ and tau for cognitive impairment in early AD was examined with cross-sectional analysis, measured by cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (Aβ1-42, total tau [t-tau], and phosphorylated tau [p-tau181P]), and on cognitive performance by the repeatable battery for assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS). Participants (n = 246) included cognitively normal (Aβ-), mild cognitively impaired (Aβ-), preclinical AD (Aβ+), and prodromal AD (Aβ+). Overall, cognitive scores (RBANS total scale score) had a moderate negative correlation to t-tau (n = 246; r = -0.434; p < 0.001) and p-tau181P (r = -0.389; p < 0.001). When classified by Aβ status, this correlation to t-tau was applicable only in Aβ+ participants (n = 139; r = -0.451, p < 0.001) but not Aβ- participants (n = 107; r = 0.137, p = 0.16), with identical findings for p-tau. Both tau (p < 0.0001) and interaction of Aβ1-42 with tau (p = 0.006) affected RBANS, but not Aβ1-42 alone. Cognitive/memory performance correlated well with cerebrospinal fluid tau levels across early stages of AD, although the correlation is Aβ dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Timmers
- Janssen Research and Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium; Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Ina Tesseur
- Janssen Research and Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistery Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistery Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anne Börjesson-Hanson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Trials, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miquel Baquero
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari I Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya-Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Randolph
- MedAvante-ProPhase, Hamilton, NJ, USA; Department of Neurology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Luc Tritsmans
- Janssen Research and Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Nueten
- Janssen Research and Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johannes Rolf Streffer
- Janssen Research and Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium; Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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29
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Neumann U, Machauer R, Shimshek DR. The β-secretase (BACE) inhibitor NB-360 in preclinical models: From amyloid-β reduction to downstream disease-relevant effects. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3435-3446. [PMID: 30657591 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of β-secretase 1 (BACE-1; also known as β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme-1) is a current approach to fight the amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, and a number of BACE-1 inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials. The BACE-1 inhibitor NB-360, although not a clinical compound, turned out to be a valuable pharmacological tool to investigate the effects of BACE-1 inhibition on the deposition of different Aβ species in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice. Furthermore, chronic animal studies with NB-360 revealed relationships between BACE-1 inhibition, Aβ deposition, and Aβ-related downstream effects on neuroinflammation, neuronal function, and markers of neurodegeneration. NB-360 effects on the processing of physiological BACE-1 substrates as well as on nonenzymatic BACE-1 functions have been investigated, complementing studies in BACE-1 knockout mice. Because NB-360 is also an inhibitor for BACE-2, nonclinical studies in adult animals revealed physiological effects of BACE-2 inhibition. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Neumann
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Machauer
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Derya R Shimshek
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Lim NKH, Moestrup V, Zhang X, Wang WA, Møller A, Huang FD. An Improved Method for Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Anesthetized Mice. J Vis Exp 2018:56774. [PMID: 29608146 PMCID: PMC5931779 DOI: 10.3791/56774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a valuable body fluid for analysis in neuroscience research. It is one of the fluids in closest contact with the central nervous system and thus, can be used to analyze the diseased state of the brain or spinal cord without directly accessing these tissues. However, in mice it is difficult to obtain from the cisterna magna due to its closeness to blood vessels, which often contaminate samples. The area for CSF collection in mice is also difficult to dissect to and often only small samples are obtained (maximum of 5-7 µL or less). This protocol describes in detail a technique that improves on current methods of collection to minimize contamination from blood and allow for the abundant collection of CSF (on average 10-15 µL can be collected). This technique can be used with other dissection methods for tissue collection from mice, as it does not impact any tissues during CSF extraction. Thus, the brain and spinal cord are not affected with this technique and remain intact. With greater CSF sample collection and purity, more analyses can be used with this fluid to further aid neuroscience research and better understand diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia K-H Lim
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science;
| | - Visse Moestrup
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC)
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science
| | - Wen-An Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Arne Møller
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC); Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-centre, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - Fu-De Huang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC);
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Mezias C, LoCastro E, Xia C, Raj A. Connectivity, not region-intrinsic properties, predicts regional vulnerability to progressive tau pathology in mouse models of disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:61. [PMID: 28807028 PMCID: PMC5556602 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal tau pathology progression is regarded as highly stereotyped within each type of degenerative condition. For instance, AD has a progression of tau pathology consistently beginning in the entorhinal cortex, the locus coeruleus, and other nearby noradrenergic brainstem nuclei, before spreading to the rest of the limbic system as well as the cingulate and retrosplenial cortices. Proposed explanations for the consistent spatial patterns of tau pathology progression, as well as for why certain regions are selectively vulnerable to exhibiting pathology over the course of disease generally focus on transsynaptic spread proceeding via the brain's anatomic connectivity network in a cell-independent manner or on cell-intrinsic properties that might render some cell populations or regions uniquely vulnerable. We test connectivity based explanations of spatiotemporal tau pathology progression and regional vulnerability against cell-intrinsic explanation, using regional gene expression profiles as a proxy. We find that across both exogenously seeded and non-seeded tauopathic mouse models, the connectivity network provides a better explanation than regional gene expression profiles, even when such profiles are limited to specific sets of tau risk-related genes only. Our results suggest that, regardless of the location of pathology initiation, tau pathology progression is well characterized by a model positing entirely cell-type and molecular environment independent transsynaptic spread via the mouse brain's connectivity network. These results further suggest that regional vulnerability to tau pathology is mainly governed by connectivity with regions already exhibiting pathology, rather than by cell-intrinsic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Mezias
- Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, USA.
| | - Eve LoCastro
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Chuying Xia
- Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Ashish Raj
- Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, USA.
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Kleinberger G, Brendel M, Mracsko E, Wefers B, Groeneweg L, Xiang X, Focke C, Deußing M, Suárez-Calvet M, Mazaheri F, Parhizkar S, Pettkus N, Wurst W, Feederle R, Bartenstein P, Mueggler T, Arzberger T, Knuesel I, Rominger A, Haass C. The FTD-like syndrome causing TREM2 T66M mutation impairs microglia function, brain perfusion, and glucose metabolism. EMBO J 2017; 36:1837-1853. [PMID: 28559417 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) increase the risk for several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Homozygous TREM2 missense mutations, such as p.T66M, lead to the FTD-like syndrome, but how they cause pathology is unknown. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated a knock-in mouse model for the disease-associated Trem2 p.T66M mutation. Consistent with a loss-of-function mutation, we observe an intracellular accumulation of immature mutant Trem2 and reduced generation of soluble Trem2 similar to patients with the homozygous p.T66M mutation. Trem2 p.T66M knock-in mice show delayed resolution of inflammation upon in vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulation and cultured macrophages display significantly reduced phagocytic activity. Immunohistochemistry together with in vivo TSPO small animal positron emission tomography (μPET) demonstrates an age-dependent reduction in microglial activity. Surprisingly, perfusion magnetic resonance imaging and FDG-μPET imaging reveal a significant reduction in cerebral blood flow and brain glucose metabolism. Thus, we demonstrate that a TREM2 loss-of-function mutation causes brain-wide metabolic alterations pointing toward a possible function of microglia in regulating brain glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Kleinberger
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Mracsko
- NORD Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Wefers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Linda Groeneweg
- NORD Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xianyuan Xiang
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Focke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Deußing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Fargol Mazaheri
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Samira Parhizkar
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Pettkus
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Core Facility Monoclonal Antibody Development, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueggler
- NORD Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Irene Knuesel
- NORD Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Rominger
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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