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Cai J, Sun X, Li M, Luo R, Wang W, Wang Z, Akkaif MA, Liu H. Dietary factors in relation to hypertension: a mendelian randomization study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:91. [PMID: 38907314 PMCID: PMC11193250 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have elucidated the associations between dietary factors and hypertension. Nevertheless, the exploration of these relationships using Mendelian randomization remains scarce currently. METHODS The Mendelian randomization approach investigated the potential causal relationships between 16 dietary factors and hypertension. To achieve this, we identified genetic variants associated with these dietary factors by utilizing data from European-descent genome-wide association studies with a stringent significance threshold (P < 5 × 10 - 8). Subsequently, we obtained genetic associations with hypertension from the extensive FinnGen Study, encompassing 92,462 cases and 265,626 controls. Our primary analytical method was the inverse variance weighted method, and we also conducted assessments for heterogeneity and pleiotropy to ensure the robustness and reliability of our findings. RESULTS The study revealed significant associations with hypertension risk for various dietary factors. Specifically, higher weekly alcohol consumption (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.96) and more frequent alcohol intake (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.33) were positively correlated with an increased risk of hypertension. Likewise, increased poultry intake (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.83-5.78) and beef intake (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.09-2.97) were also linked to a higher risk of hypertension. Conversely, there were protective factors associated with a decreased risk of hypertension. These included consuming salad and raw vegetables, dried fruits, cheese, and cereals. It is important to note that no evidence of pleiotropy was detected, underscoring the robustness of these findings. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovered causal relationships between various dietary factors and hypertension risk. Specifically, alcohol consumption in terms of drinks per week and intake frequency, as well as poultry and beef intake, were causally associated with an elevated risk of hypertension. In contrast, consuming salad/raw vegetables, dried fruits, cheese, and cereals demonstrated an inverse causal association with hypertension, suggesting a potential protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Cai
- Departments of Cardiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, 1158 Park East Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Departments of Cardiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, 1158 Park East Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Departments of Cardiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, 1158 Park East Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Departments of Cardiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, 1158 Park East Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Departments of Cardiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, 1158 Park East Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Departments of Cardiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, 1158 Park East Road, Shanghai, 201700, China.
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
- Departments of Cardiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, 1158 Park East Road, Shanghai, 201700, China.
| | - Haibo Liu
- Departments of Cardiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, 1158 Park East Road, Shanghai, 201700, China.
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Okekunle AP, Asowata OJ, Akpa OM, Fakunle AG, Bodunde I, Komolafe M, Arulogun O, Sarfo FS, Obiako R, Osaigbovo G, Ogbole G, Bello A, Adeniyi S, Calys-Tagoe B, Appiah L, Jenkins C, Oyinloye O, Dambatta H, Balogun O, Singh A, Olalere A, Mensah Y, Ogah OS, Ibinaiye P, Adebayo O, Adebajo O, Adebayo P, Chukwuonye I, Akinyemi R, Ovbiagele B, Owolabi M. Dietary patterns associated with hypertension among stroke-free indigenous Africans: insights from the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study. J Hypertens 2024; 42:620-628. [PMID: 38230616 PMCID: PMC11126300 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dietary factors associated with the high burden of hypertension among indigenous Africans remain poorly understood. We assessed the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension among indigenous Africans. METHOD In this study, 1550 participants with hypertension matched (for age: ± 5 years, sex and ethnicity) with 1550 participants without hypertension were identified from the stroke-free population in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study in Ghana and Nigeria. Food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary information was summarized using principal component analysis to identify seven dietary patterns. Conditional logistic regression was applied to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of hypertension by tertiles of dietary patterns adjusting for age, education, income, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, family history of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and salt intake at a two-sided P less than 0.05. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] for risk of hypertension by second and third tertiles [using the lowest (first) tertile as reference] of dietary patterns were 0.62 (0.48-0.80), 0.70 (0.54-0.90) for whole grains and fruit drinks; 0.87 (0.68-1.12), 0.83 (0.64-1.08) for fruits; 0.85 (0.65-1.10), 0.97 (0.75-1.26) for vegetables, legumes and potatoes; 0.78 (0.60-1.00), 0.84 (0.65-1.08) for fried foods and sweetened drinks; 1.13 (0.88-1.45), 0.80 (0.62-1.03) for poultry product and organ meat; 1.11 (0.86-1.43), 0.88 (0.68-1.14) for red meat; and 1.14 (0.88-1.48), 1.09 (0.84-1.43) for processed foods ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A higher adherence to dietary consumption of whole grains and fruits was inversely associated with low odds of hypertension in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Koreay
| | | | - Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Ibadan
| | - Adekunle Gregory Fakunle
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State
| | | | - Morenikeji Komolafe
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife
| | - Oyedunni Arulogun
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | | | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan
| | - Abiodun Bello
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Adeniyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Benedict Calys-Tagoe
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Lambert Appiah
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | - Olalekan Oyinloye
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife
| | | | | | - Arti Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Yaw Mensah
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training College of Medicine
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Lebanese American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- Blossom Specialist Medican Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria
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He Z, Jia Y, Li J, Cao J, Liu F, Li H, Chen J, Hu D, Shen C, Zhao Y, Liu X, Yu L, Huang J, Lu X, Gu D, Chen S. Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of arterial hypertension in China: A prospective cohort study. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:309-319. [PMID: 37915386 PMCID: PMC10617310 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Population-based epidemiological evidence regarding the association between fruit and vegetable intake and the incidence of hypertension is inconsistent. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of new-onset hypertension. Methods Based on the project of Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR), 58,981 Chinese adults without hypertension at baseline were included. Information on fruit and vegetable intake was collected using a food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident hypertension. Results During 640,795 person-years of follow-up, 21,008 new cases of hypertension were recorded. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile (Q1) of total fruit and vegetable (TFV) intake, the HRs (95% CIs) of incident hypertension were 0.90 (0.86-0.95), 0.85 (0.81-0.90), 0.82 (0.78-0.86), and 0.83 (0.78-0.88) for the Q2 to Q5 group (p trend < 0.001), respectively. In further analyses categorizing participants according to the recommended intake level (500 g/day), we found that increasing the intake of TFV, even though it was still insufficient for the recommendation, also had a protective effect against the incident hypertension. When considering the intake of fruit or vegetable separately, we found similar trends as the TFV intake. Conclusion These results suggest that a higher intake of fruit and vegetable is beneficial for preventing hypertension in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi He
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yanhui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jianxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Hongfan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jichun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public HealthShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Cardio‐Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic MedicineShandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medicine Sciences)JinanShandongChina
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Division of EpidemiologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of CardiologyFujian Provincial HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
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Nouri M, Shateri Z, Vali M, Faghih S. The relationship between the intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products with hypertension: findings from the STEPS study. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:99. [PMID: 37592349 PMCID: PMC10433612 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current research aimed to evaluate the relationship between fruit, vegetable (FV), and dairy consumption with the odds of developing hypertension based on nationwide Stepwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) data in Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was accomplished by the research center of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Tehran. In total, 29,378 individuals' data were analyzed. Participants were classified into normal, elevated BP, stage I, and stage II hypertension according to systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) examinations. Based on the STEPS questionnaire, the consumption of FVs and dairy products was evaluated. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between the consumption of FVs and dairy products with hypertension. RESULTS The findings revealed that only fruit consumption (≥ 2 servings/day) was negatively related to stage I hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-0.95) in two servings per day and OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.68-0.96 in > two servings per day) in the adjusted model. There was no significant relationship between consuming vegetables and dairy products with elevated BP and hypertension. CONCLUSION Our study showed that increasing fruit consumption was related to reducing hypertension odds. Regarding the consumption of dairy products and vegetables, no significant relationship was found with the odds of hypertension. More studies, especially cohorts, are needed to evaluate the impacts of FV and dairy products on the risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Baek SY, Kim HK. Association of Dietary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Korean Adults: Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:3134. [PMID: 37513552 PMCID: PMC10385031 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-sodium and low-potassium intakes are interdependently linked to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the associations of dietary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio with cardiometabolic risk factors in 12,996 Korean adults (≥30 years) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Ⅶ (2016-2018). Food intake was assessed through 24 h dietary recall data. Participants were divided into thirds based on their dietary Na/K ratio, with mean molar Na/K ratios of 1.11 (low), 1.92 (medium), and 3.21 (high). Although no significant associations were found between the dietary Na/K level and the risk of hypertension, obesity, and diabetes in all participants, the high Na/K ratio group had a higher risk of hypertension compared to the low Na/K ratio group in older adults (≥65 years) after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.72). Moreover, a higher Na/K ratio was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in all participants (p for trend = 0.0020). Within MetS components, abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, and elevated blood pressure were positively associated with the Na/K level. The food groups positively associated with a lower Na/K ratio were fruits, unsalted vegetables, nuts, potatoes, and dairy products. These findings suggest that a high dietary Na/K ratio may be an important risk factor for hypertension in older adults and MetS in all adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Baek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
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Madsen H, Sen A, Aune D. Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03145-5. [PMID: 37106252 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A high fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with reduced risk of hypertension; however, results have been inconsistent and it is unclear whether specific types of fruits and vegetables are particularly beneficial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the published prospective studies on fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of hypertension. METHODS Embase and PubMed databases were searched for relevant prospective studies up to 15th May 2022. Random effects models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of hypertension. Strength of evidence was assessed using World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) criteria. RESULTS Eighteen prospective studies (451 291 participants, 145 492 cases) were included. The summary RR (95% CI) of hypertension per 200 g/day was 0.97 (0.95-0.99, I2 = 68%, n = 8) for fruits and vegetables, 0.93 (0.89-0.98, I2 = 77%, n = 10) for fruits, and 1.00 (0.98-1.02, I2 = 38%, n = 10) for vegetables. Reductions in risk were observed up to 800 g/day for fruits and vegetables, and 550 g/day for fruits, and these two associations were considered probably causal using WCRF criteria. Inverse associations were observed for apples or pears, blueberries, raisins or grapes, avocado, broccoli, carrots and lettuce, while positive associations were observed for cantaloupe, Brussels sprouts, cruciferous vegetables, and total and fried potatoes (n = 2-5). CONCLUSION A high intake of fruit and vegetables combined, and total fruit was associated with reduced risk of hypertension, while results for fruit and vegetable subtypes were mixed and need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Madsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Abhijit Sen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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Hou J, Zhu L, Jin S, Li J, Xing Z, Wang Y, Wan X, Guo X, Wang A, Wang X, Liu J, Ma J, Zhou S, Zhang X, Zheng H, Wang J, Feng H, Sun S, Wang T. Prevalence of hypertension in endemic and non-endemic areas of Keshan disease: A cross-sectional study in rural areas of China. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1086507. [PMID: 36860691 PMCID: PMC9969988 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1086507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a major public health concern that strongly influences the quality of life of people worldwide. Keshan disease (KD) is an endemic cardiomyopathy related to low selenium, threatening residents in rural areas of 16 provinces in China. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension in the KD-endemic areas has been increasing annually. However, hypertension research associated with KD has only focused on endemic regions, and no studies have compared hypertension prevalence between endemic and non-endemic areas. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of hypertension to provide a basis for preventing and controlling hypertension in the KD-endemic areas, even in rural areas. Methods We extracted blood pressure information from cardiomyopathy investigation data from a cross-sectional study of the KD-endemic and non-endemic areas. The hypertension prevalence between the two groups was compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher s exact test. Additionally, Pearson's correlation coefficient was employed to evaluate the relationship between the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and hypertension prevalence. Results There was a statistically significant increase of hypertension prevalence in the KD-endemic areas (22.79%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.30-23.27%) over the non-endemic areas (21.55%, 95% CI: 21.09-22.02%). In the KD-endemic areas, more men had hypertension than women (23.90% vs. 21.65%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the hypertension prevalence was higher in the north than in the south in the KD-endemic areas (27.52% vs. 18.76%, P < 0.001), non-endemic areas (24.86% vs. 18.66%, P < 0.001), and overall (26.17% vs. 18.68%, P < 0.001). Finally, the prevalence of hypertension positively correlated with per capita GDP at province level. Conclusions The increasing hypertension prevalence is a public health problem in the KD-endemic areas. Healthy diets, such as high consumption of vegetables and seafoods, and foods that are rich in selenium, might help prevent and control hypertension in the KD-endemic areas and other rural areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Jie Hou,
| | - Lifang Zhu
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuran Jin
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinshu Li
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifeng Xing
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wan
- The Second Research Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention of Jilin Province, Jilin City, China
| | - Xianni Guo
- Shaanxi Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, China
| | - Anwei Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, China
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhang
- Shanxi Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Linfen, China
| | - Heming Zheng
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongqi Feng
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuqiu Sun
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Tong Wang,
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Akpa OM, Okekunle AP, Asowata OJ, Chikowore T, Mohamed SF, Sarfo F, Akinyemi R, Akpalu A, Wahab K, Obiako R, Komolafe M, Owolabi L, Osaigbovo GO, Ogbole G, Tiwari HK, Akinyemi J, Fakunle A, Uvere E, Adeoye AM, Lackland D, Arnett DK, Ovbiagele B, Ramsay M, Owolabi M. Frequent vegetable consumption is inversely associated with hypertension among indigenous Africans. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2359-2371. [PMID: 36098047 PMCID: PMC9977189 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between vegetable consumption and hypertension occurrence remains poorly characterized in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the association of vegetable consumption with odds of hypertension among indigenous Africans. METHODS AND RESULTS We harmonized data on prior vegetable consumption and hypertension occurrence (defined as one of the following conditions; systolic blood pressure ≥140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or previous diagnosis or use of antihypertensive medications) from 16 445 participants across five African countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and Burkina Faso) in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network and Africa Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic studies. Vegetable consumption (in servings/week) was classified as 'low' (<6). 'moderate' (6-11), 'sufficient' (12-29), and 'high' (≥30). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension were estimated by categories of vegetable consumption (using 'low' consumption as reference), adjusting for sex, age in years, family history of cardiovascular diseases, education, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia using logistic regressions at P < 0.05. The mean age of participants was 53.0 ( ± 10.7) years, and 7552 (45.9%) were males, whereas 7070 (42.9%) had hypertension. In addition, 6672(40.6%) participants had 'low' vegetable consumption, and 1758(10.7%) had 'high' vegetable consumption. Multivariable-adjusted OR for hypertension by distribution of vegetable consumption (using 'low' consumption as reference) were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.12) for 'moderate' consumption; 0.80 (0.73, 0.88) for 'sufficient', and 0.81 (0.72, 0.92) for 'high' consumption, P-for-trend <0.0001. CONCLUSION Indigenous Africans who consumed at least 12 servings of vegetables per week were less likely to be found hypertensive, particularly among males and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Korea
| | - Osahon Jeffery Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tinashe Chikowore
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Shukri F. Mohamed
- Health and Well-Being Program, African Population and Health Research Center, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fred Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, 00000, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Albert Akpalu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box LG 1181, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kolawole Wahab
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, 240003, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Reginald Obiako
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, 810107, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Morenikeji Komolafe
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Lukman Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, 700233, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Godwin O. Osaigbovo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, 930241, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233 AL, USA
| | - Joshua Akinyemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle Fakunle
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, 210001, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Ezinne Uvere
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun M. Adeoye
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Lackland
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425 SC, USA
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40536 KY, USA
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San-Francisco, San-Francisco, 94143 CA, USA
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 200284, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Association between Adequate Fruit and Vegetable Intake and CVDs-Associated Risk Factors among the Malaysian Adults: Findings from a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159173. [PMID: 35954528 PMCID: PMC9368066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adequate fruit and vegetable intake, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-associated risk factors (i.e., diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia) among Malaysian adults without history of chronic diseases. We analyzed the data from 11,172 Malaysian adults (i.e., 5554 male and 5618 female), who participated in the population-based National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015. Multiple logistic regression was employed to determine the relationship between adequate daily intake of fruit and vegetables (i.e., ≥5 servings per day) and undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension, and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle risk factors. The mean age (±SE) of these participants was 40.79 (±0.17) years old. Our data demonstrated an adequate daily intake of fruit and vegetables was inversely associated with undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia (adjusted OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.51–0.98). Further analyses demonstrated an inverse association between the adequate daily intake of vegetables alone and undiagnosed hypertension (adjusted OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.51–0.98). The findings from this study suggest the need for a holistic public health approach to reinforce public awareness about diet-related diseases, which will eventually aid in the prevention of CVDs among Malaysian adults in the long run.
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Jo U, Park K. Phytochemical index and hypertension in Korean adults using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2008-2019. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1594-1599. [PMID: 35701525 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although previous in vivo and in vitro studies have reported the beneficial effects of phytochemical-rich food on cardiovascular health, limited information is available regarding its' health effect on the community-dwelling population. This is especially true in Korea. Here, we examined the cross-sectional association between phytochemical levels and hypertension in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS We analyzed data from 38,198 Koreans aged ≥30 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2019) and met the study's inclusion criteria. The Korean version of the Phytochemical Index (PI) was computed based on 24 h recall data. Hypertension was defined based on the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association definition in 2017. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between PI and hypertension. RESULTS In the multivariable adjusted model, participants in the highest PI quintile had a significantly low prevalence of hypertension (Odd ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.95). A dose-response analysis confirmed the inverse linearity between PI and hypertension (p for nonlinearity = 0.2634). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of phytochemical-rich foods may lower the prevalence of hypertension. A large-scale, prospective cohort study is required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unhui Jo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gueongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gueongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhou J, Xu L, Xu K, Wang N, Fu C, Liu T. Associations of Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hypertension in Southwest China: A Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312378. [PMID: 34886102 PMCID: PMC8656527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Empirical data on the association between diet and incident hypertension in Southwest China is lacking. We examined the associations between various dietary patterns and the risk of incident hypertension in this prospective population cohort of Southwest China. A total of 5442 eligible adults were included from Guizhou Province, China, since 2010. Dietary information was obtained using face-to-face interviews with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were characterized using factor analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated for the associations between various dietary patterns and incident hypertension risk using a Cox proportional hazard model. Until 2020, a total of 1177 new hypertension cases were identified during an average follow-up of 6.97 years. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, a low intake of the junk food pattern was significantly associated with the reducing risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.671, 0.887) and a high intake of the vegetable-grain pattern statistically lowered the risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.774, 95% CI: 0.669, 0.894) compared with the medium intake of such patterns. Higher adherence to the vegetable-grain pattern and lower adherence to the junk food pattern significantly lowered the hypertension incidence among the population in Southwest China. Those findings suggested healthy diet guidelines should be developed for the prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Zhang
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Yanhuan Wang
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (K.X.); (N.W.)
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (K.X.); (N.W.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Lina Xu
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Kelin Xu
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (K.X.); (N.W.)
| | - Na Wang
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (K.X.); (N.W.)
| | - Chaowei Fu
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (K.X.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Tao Liu
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (T.L.)
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Ghoreishy SM, Asoudeh F, Jayedi A, Mohammadi H. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of frailty: A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101460. [PMID: 34534684 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to summarize available findings on the association between fruits and vegetables (FVs) consumption and risk of frailty. METHODS Online databases including Medline, Scopus, and Embase were searched to detect related publications up to February 2021. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two investigators working in parallel. In most included studies, frailty was defined according to the Fried criteria. Overall, 14 articles with 18,616 subjects with frailty and 101,969 controls were included. To combined data, a random effect model was used. Dose-response associations were also evaluated. RESULTS Fourteen studies (10 cohorts and four cross-sectional) were included. Pooled effect size for the highest versus lowest category of FVs consumption showed an inverse association with risk of frailty (RR cohort = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.50-0.84; I2 = 81%, n = 7). Every one serving (200 g) per day increment in FVs intake was associated with a 14% lower risk of frailty. The risk of frailty decreased linearly up to FVs consumption of 3.5 servings/d, with flattening the curve at higher intake. Pooled analysis regarding fruits and vegetables separately did not indicate a significant association with the risk of frailty. Indeed, the results of the meta-analysis correspond only to the cohort studies. Based on the NutriGrade score, the quality of evidence for a protective effect of FV on frailty was "moderate". CONCLUSIONS FVs consumption was associated with a decreased risk of frailty. Further large-scale prospective cohort studies are needed to reach more confident conclusions.
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Ayogu RNB, Nwodo CJ. Epidemiological characteristics of hypertension, impaired fasting capillary glucose and their comorbidity: a retrospective cross-sectional population-based study of rural adolescents in Southeast Nigeria. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041481. [PMID: 33952534 PMCID: PMC8103371 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of hypertension, impaired fasting capillary glucose (IFCG) and coexistence of both as well as determinants of these conditions among rural adolescents. DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING Three rural communities in southeast Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS A total of 401 adolescents (10 - 19 years) selected through a five-stage sampling technique completed the study. Sick adolescents, pregnant and nursing adolescent mothers were excluded. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence and determinants of hypertension, IFCG and comorbidity of both were assessed through weight, height, blood pressure, fasting capillary glucose measurements and statistical analysis. RESULTS Prehypertension (10.7%), hypertension alone (12.7%), IFCG alone (11.0%), diabetes (0.2%) and hypertension with IFCG (6.2%) were prevalent among the adolescents. The adolescents aged 15 - 19 years were less likely to be affected by hypertension alone (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.36, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.74, p<0.01). The likelihood of having hypertension alone was three times higher among those who smoked any substance (AOR=3.43, 95% CI 1.34 to 8.78, p<0.05) and 2.85 times higher among those who consumed alcohol (AOR=2.85, 95% CI 1.33 to 6.10, p<0.01). Meal skipping (AOR=2.69, 95% CI 1.16 to 6.25, p<0.05), consumption of fried/baked snacks (AOR=15.46, 95% CI 1.62 to 147.37, p<0.05) and vegetables (AOR=2.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.66, p<0.05) were also significant risk factors of hypertension alone. Skipping meals (AOR=2.15, 95% CI 0. 93 to 4.99, p>0.05) and longer than 7 hours of night sleep (AOR=1.88, 95% CI 0.94 TO 3.73, p>0.05) increased the risk of IFCG alone by twofold. Female adolescents (AOR=0.29, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.78, p<0.05) and those who consumed fried/baked snacks (AOR=0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.37, p<0.01) were less likely to have hypertension with IFPG than males and those who consumed non-fried/baked snacks, respectively. CONCLUSION This study reported relatively low prevalence of hypertension alone, IFCG alone, hypertension with IFCG and epidemiological characteristics that can become focus of interventions to curtail the emergence of cardiovascular events at an early age. Awareness creation through health and nutrition education is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufina N B Ayogu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria Faculty of Agriculture, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chinenye Juliet Nwodo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria Faculty of Agriculture, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Quality of plant-based diets and risk of hypertension: a Korean genome and examination study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3841-3851. [PMID: 33864513 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant-based diets have been suggested to have beneficial effects on various health outcomes. However, the evidence on the association of plant-based diet quality with health outcomes is very limited in Asian populations, who may have a different dietary pattern than western populations. This study explored the prospective association between different types of plant-based diets and risk of hypertension using recently established indices in South Koreans. METHODS Analyses were based on a community-based cohort of 5636 men and women (40-69 years of age at baseline, mean ± SD 50.6 ± 8.5 years) living in Ansan and Ansung, South Korea (2001-2016) without hypertension and related chronic diseases at baseline. Registration card and telephone registration number were used for the sampling. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Based on the questionnaire, scores of three plant-based diet indices [overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI)] were calculated. RESULTS Over a follow-up of 14 years, 2244 participants developed hypertension. Individuals in the highest vs. lowest quintile of hPDI had 35% lower incidence of hypertension [hazard ratio (HR) 0.65, 95% CI 0.57, 0.75] and uPDI had 44% higher incidence of hypertension (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.24, 1.67), adjusting for demographic characteristics, and lifestyle factors (P trend ≤ 0.0001 for both indices). A similar inverse association of hPDI was observed with risk of hypertension by age, sex, residence area, and obesity. The PDI was not associated with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of considering the quality of plant foods (relatively higher healthy plant foods and relatively lower less healthy plant foods consumption) for the prevention of hypertension in a population with a long-term adherence to predominantly plant-based diets.
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Park HA. Fruit Intake to Prevent and Control Hypertension and Diabetes. Korean J Fam Med 2021; 42:9-16. [PMID: 33524250 PMCID: PMC7884895 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.20.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits are considered healthy because of their high antioxidant, vitamin, mineral, fiber, and phytochemical contents. However, their high sugar content is a concern for glucose, lipid, and uric acid metabolism. We reviewed related articles published in the last 10 years and summarized evidence that relates fruit intake to the prevention and control of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Clinicians should familiarize themselves with appropriate fruit intake to counsel at-risk patients on hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Song S, Song Y. Dietary Fiber and Its Source Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010160. [PMID: 33419070 PMCID: PMC7825439 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults. This cross-sectional study involved 16,792 adults from the 2013–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Dietary data were obtained using a 24 h recall method and used to evaluate intakes of total dietary fiber and its source and fruit consumption. Cardiovascular risk factors included obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors by sex. Total fiber and fruit fiber intake in men were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratios (OR) = 0.69, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.53–0.92 for total fiber; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61–0.93 for fruit fiber). Among women, a higher intake of fruit fiber was related to a reduced prevalence of obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.85, p trend = 0.029) and abdominal obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.82, p trend = 0.026). Total fruit and whole fruit consumption was inversely associated with obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome in men and hypertension in women. The amount and sources of fiber are associated with metabolic diseases in Korean adults and should be considered in the context of overall dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuJin Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - YoonJu Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi 14662, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2164-4681
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Lee K, Kim J. The Effect of Smoking on the Association between Long-Term Alcohol Consumption and Dyslipidemia in a Middle-Aged and Older Population. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:531-539. [PMID: 32588881 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The joint effects of chronic alcohol consumption and smoking on dyslipidemia remain unclear in a prospective design. This study examined the effect of smoking on the association between long-term alcohol consumption and risk of incident dyslipidemia. METHODS A total of 4467 participants (1866 men and 2601women) aged 40-69 years without dyslipidemia were recruited at baseline. Alcohol consumption was assessed biennially using a questionnaire and classified as light, moderate or heavy drinker. Smoking status was examined at baseline and categorized into non-smokers and current smokers. Dyslipidemia was defined as the presence of one or more of following: hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride ≥200 mg/dL), hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL), low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) < 40 mg/dL, or high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL. RESULTS During a follow-up period of 12 years, 2872 (64.3%) participants developed dyslipidemia. In non-smoking men, light or moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a lower risk of incident dyslipidemia such as hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, whereas this association was not observed in current smoking men. Unlike non-smokers, the duration of alcohol drinking > 10 years was associated with a higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia in current smoking men (hazard ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-2.30, P = 0.020). In addition, alcohol consumption was inversely associated with low HDL-C regardless of smoking status. In women, alcohol consumption was inversely associated with dyslipidemia hypercholesterolemia and low HDL-C regardless of alcohol amount. CONCLUSION Smoking crucially confounds the association between long-term alcohol consumption and dyslipidemia, particularly in hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyueun Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Ha K, Song Y, Kim HK. Regional disparities in the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and healthy dietary factors in Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:519-531. [PMID: 33029291 PMCID: PMC7520562 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.5.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Regional disparities in dietary factors might be related to regional disparities in cardiometabolic health. Therefore, this study investigated the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and dietary factors with regional types in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS Based on data from the 2007–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the study included 39,781 adults aged ≥ 19 years who completed the dietary survey and a health examination. Healthy and unhealthy dietary factors (fat, sodium, fruit, and vegetable intakes) were evaluated using 1-day 24-h dietary recall method, as well as the use of nutrition labels with a questionnaire. RESULTS Of the participants, 48.7%, 36.0%, and 15.2% lived in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, respectively. Adults living in urban and rural had higher odds ratios (ORs) for obesity (OR for urban, 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.14; OR for rural, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.24) than adults living in metropolitan areas; these associations were significantly observed in middle-aged adults. Compared to metropolitan residents, rural residents had lower ORs for hypertension in middle-aged (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.96) and metabolic syndrome in older adults (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67–0.91). Regarding urban residents, a lower OR for diabetes in middle-aged adults (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.97) and a higher OR for hypertension in older adults (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02–1.39) were observed. Overall rural residents had higher ORs of excessive carbohydrate, low fruit, and high salted-vegetable intakes than metropolitan residents. Low fruit intake was positively associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, after adjustment for regional type and other confounders in total participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that cardiometabolic risk and unhealthy dietary factors differ among regional types and age groups within Korea. Nutritional policy and interventions should consider regional types for prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - YoonJu Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
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Lee K, Giovannucci EL, Kim J. The Effect of Smoking and Sex on the Association Between Long-term Alcohol Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome in a Middle-aged and Older Population. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:249-258. [PMID: 32378517 PMCID: PMC7940979 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of smoking and sex on the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components has not been investigated. Methods A total of 5,629 Korean adults aged 40–69 years without MetS were recruited at baseline. Alcohol consumption was assessed biennially, and participants were classified as never, light, moderate, or heavy drinkers. Smoking status was examined at baseline and categorized into non-smokers and current smokers. Risk of incident MetS and its components according to alcohol consumption was examined by smoking status and sex using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results During a follow-up of 12 years, 2,336 participants (41.5%) developed MetS. In non-smokers, light or moderate alcohol drinkers had a lower risk of developing MetS, abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C compared with never drinkers. Heavy alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of incident elevated blood pressure (hazard ratio [HR] 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–2.06; P = 0.020) in men and abdominal obesity (HR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.06–3.27; P = 0.030) in women. However, in smokers, the inverse association of light or moderate alcohol consumption with hypertriglyceridemia and abdominal obesity was not present, whereas a positive association between heavy alcohol consumption and hyperglycemia (HR 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07–1.80; P = 0.014) was observed. Conclusions Smoking status and sex strongly affects the association between long-term alcohol consumption and MetS and its components by the amount of alcohol consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyueun Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
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20
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Kang Y, Lee K, Lee J, Kim J. Grain Subtype and the Combination of Grains Consumed Are Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Analysis of a Community-Based Prospective Cohort. J Nutr 2020; 150:118-127. [PMID: 31504681 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the prospective association between grain consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is lacking. OBJECTIVE This study explored the association between grain intake by subtype or various combinations of grain intake and the risk of developing MetS in South Korean adults using data from a community-based prospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 5717 participants (2984 men and 2733 women) aged 40-69 y without MetS were followed up for 10 y (2001-2012). Grain consumption was assessed using a semiquantitative FFQ at baseline (2001-2002) and a follow-up examination (2005-2006). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the risk of incident MetS and its components according to grain consumption (<1, 1 to <3, or ≥3 servings/d) by sex. RESULTS In total, 2218 participants (38.8%) developed MetS. Frequent consumers of whole grains (≥3 servings/d) had a lower risk of incident MetS (men-HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.63; P = 0.0001; women-HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.90; P = 0.0029), whereas frequent consumers of refined grains had a higher risk of incident MetS (men-HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.03; P < 0.0001; women-HR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.82, 2.78; P < 0.0001) compared with rare consumers (<1 serving/d). The combination of low whole grains (<2 servings/d) and high refined grains (≥2 servings/d) was associated with a higher risk of MetS than the combination of high whole grains and low refined grains (men-HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.41; P = 0.012; women-HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.66; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Higher consumption of whole grains was associated with lower risk of incident MetS, whereas higher refined-grain consumption was associated with a higher risk in a middle-aged and older Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhee Kang
- Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyueun Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieul Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kim J, Hoang T, Bu SY, Kim JM, Choi JH, Park E, Lee SM, Park E, Min JY, Lee IS, Youn SY. Associations of Dietary Intake with Cardiovascular Disease, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Profile in the Korean Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:205-229. [PMID: 32821732 PMCID: PMC7379076 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.1.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have separately reported the contributions of dietary factors to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its markers, including blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. This study systematically reviewed the current evidence on this issue in the Korean population. METHODS Sixty-two studies from PubMed and Embase were included in this meta-analysis. We performed a random-effects model to analyze pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the consumption of 14 food items, three macro- and eight micro-nutrients, two dietary patterns, and three dietary indices. RESULTS An analysis of pooled effect sizes from at least four individual study populations showed significant associations between coffee consumption and CVD (OR/HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52-0.97) and elevated/high triglycerides (TG) (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.90), sugar-sweetened beverage intake and elevated BP (OR/HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.33), and milk and dairy intake and elevated/high TG and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR/HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.89 for both). Carbohydrate consumption and the low-carbohydrate-diet score were consistently related to an approximately 25% risk reduction for elevated TG and low HDL-C. A lower risk of elevated total cholesterol, but not low-density lipoprotein, was additionally observed for those with a higher low-carbohydrate-diet score. A healthy dietary pattern was only associated with a reduced risk of elevated TG in the Korea National Cancer Screenee Cohort (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98). CONCLUSION This study showed that milk and dairy and coffee had protective effects for CVD and its risk factors, such as BP and lipid profile, while sugar-sweetened beverages exerted harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tung Hoang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea
| | - So Young Bu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Ji-Myung Kim
- Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eunju Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunmi Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Min
- Dietetics and Nutrition Services Team, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Seok Lee
- Nutrition Support Team, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Youn
- Clinical Nutrition Part, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Liu Q, Ayoub‐Charette S, Khan TA, Au‐Yeung F, Blanco Mejia S, de Souza RJ, Wolever TM, Leiter LA, Kendall CW, Sievenpiper JL. Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Incident Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e010977. [PMID: 31826724 PMCID: PMC6951071 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with hypertension. We assessed the relation of important food sources of fructose-containing sugars with incident hypertension using a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Methods and Results We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane (through December week 2, 2018) for eligible studies. For each food source, natural log-transformed risk ratios (RRs) for incident hypertension were pooled using pair-wise meta-analysis and linear and nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses. Certainty in our evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. We identified 26 reports, including 15 prospective cohorts (930 677 participants; 363 459 cases). Sugar-sweetened beverages showed harmful (RRper-355-mL, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.08, 1.12]) whereas fruit (RRper-240-g, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.96, 0.99]) and yogurt showed protective associations (RRper-125-g, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94, 0.97]) with incident hypertension throughout the dose range. One hundred percent fruit juice showed a protective association only at moderate doses (RRat-100-mL, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.94, 0.99]). The pair-wise protective association of dairy desserts was not supported by linear dose-response analysis. Fruit drinks or sweet snacks were not associated with hypertension. Certainty of the evidence was "low" for sugar-sweetened beverages, 100% fruit juice, fruit, and yogurt and "very low" for fruit drinks, sweet snacks, and dairy desserts. Conclusions The harmful association between sugar-sweetened beverages and hypertension does not extend to other important food sources of fructose-containing sugars. Further research is needed to improve our estimates and better understand the dose-response relationship between food sources of fructose-containing sugars and hypertension. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT02702375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sabrina Ayoub‐Charette
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Tauseef Ahmad Khan
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Fei Au‐Yeung
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Russell J. de Souza
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and ImpactFaculty of Health SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Thomas M.S. Wolever
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lawrence A. Leiter
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Cyril W.C. Kendall
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- College of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
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Added Sugar Intake is Associated with Blood Pressure in Older Females. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092060. [PMID: 31484293 PMCID: PMC6770020 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension or high blood pressure (BP) is highly prevalent in the aging population. Notably, diet and lifestyle have a strong influence on BP. We investigated the association between dietary factors and BP in older adults. This cross-sectional study included 128 participants, aged 65–80 years. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine the associations between diet, including meats, vegetables, grains, fruits, dairy, fats, and added sugar, and BP. There was a significant association between intake of added sugar and systolic BP and diastolic BP in females after controlling for age, income, body mass index, physical activity levels, daily calorie intake, and BP medication use. The model predicted that a decrease of 2.3 teaspoons (0.5 standard deviation) of added sugar would result in a 8.4 mmHg drop in systolic BP and a 3.7 mmHg drop in diastolic BP. Whole fruit was associated with a reduction in diastolic BP in both males and females, and the model predicted that, for every 0.71 cup increase in whole fruit consumption, there would be a decrease in diastolic BP of 2.8 mmHg. Our findings support the dietary guidelines of limiting daily intake of added sugar and increasing fruit consumption to promote overall cardiovascular health in older adults.
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Dreher ML. Whole Fruits and Fruit Fiber Emerging Health Effects. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1833. [PMID: 30487459 PMCID: PMC6315720 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Less than 10% of most Western populations consume adequate levels of whole fruits and dietary fiber with typical intake being about half of the recommended levels. Evidence of the beneficial health effects of consuming adequate levels of whole fruits has been steadily growing, especially regarding their bioactive fiber prebiotic effects and role in improved weight control, wellness and healthy aging. The primary aim of this narrative review article is to examine the increasing number of health benefits which are associated with the adequate intake of whole fruits, especially fruit fiber, throughout the human lifecycle. These potential health benefits include: protecting colonic gastrointestinal health (e.g., constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and diverticular disease); promoting long-term weight management; reducing risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome; defending against colorectal and lung cancers; improving odds of successful aging; reducing the severity of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; enhancing psychological well-being and lowering the risk of depression; contributing to higher bone mineral density in children and adults; reducing risk of seborrheic dermatitis; and helping to attenuate autism spectrum disorder severity. Low whole fruit intake represents a potentially more serious global population health threat than previously recognized, especially in light of the emerging research on whole fruit and fruit fiber health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Dreher
- Nutrition Science Solutions, LLC, Wimberley, 78676 TX, USA.
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