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Wang T, Wang S, Jia X, Li C, Ma X, Tong H, Liu M, Li L. Baicalein alleviates cardiomyocyte death in EAM mice by inhibiting the JAK-STAT1/4 signalling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155558. [PMID: 38547614 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model is valuable for investigating myocarditis pathogenesis. M1-type macrophages and CD4+T cells exert key pathogenic effects on EAM initiation and progression. Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone, C15H10O5, BAI), which is derived from the Scutellaria baicalensis root, is a primary bioactive compound with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. BAI exerts good therapeutic effects against various autoimmune diseases; however, its effect in EAM has not been thoroughly researched. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the possible inhibitory effect of BAI on M1 macrophage polarisation and CD4+T cell differentiation into Th1 cells via modulation of the JAK-STAT1/4 signalling pathway, which reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, namely, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and consequently inhibits TNF-α- and IFN-γ-triggered apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of the EAM model mice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), and western blotting were performed to determine whether BAI alleviated M1/Th1-secreted TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced myocyte death in the EAM model mice through the inhibition of the JAK-STAT1/4 signalling pathway. RESULTS These results indicate that BAI intervention in mice resulted in mild inflammatory infiltrates. BAI inhibited JAK-STAT1 signalling in macrophages both in vivo and in vitro, which attenuated macrophage polarisation to the M1 type and reduced TNF-α secretion. Additionally, BAI significantly inhibited the differentiation of CD4+T cells to Th1 cells and IFN-γ secretion both in vivo and in vitro by modulating the JAK-STAT1/4 signalling pathway. This ultimately led to decreased TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in cardiac tissues and reduced myocardial cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that BAI alleviates M1/Th1-secreted TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced cardiomyocyte death in EAM mice by inhibiting the JAK-STAT1/4 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xihui Jia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- School of Medicine, Qing dao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huimin Tong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
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Nekolla SG, Rischpler C, Higuchi T. Preclinical Imaging of Cardiovascular Disesase. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:586-598. [PMID: 37268498 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging techniques, such as SPECT, PET, CT, echocardiography, or MRI, have become essential in cardiovascular research. They allow for the evaluation of biological processes in vivo without the need for invasive procedures. Nuclear imaging methods, such as SPECT and PET, offer numerous advantages, including high sensitivity, reliable quantification, and the potential for serial imaging. Modern SPECT and PET imaging systems, equipped with CT and MRI components in order to get access to morphological information with high spatial resolution, are capable of imaging a wide range of established and innovative agents in both preclinical and clinical settings. This review highlights the utility of SPECT and PET imaging as powerful tools for translational research in cardiology. By incorporating these techniques into a well-defined workflow- similar to those used in clinical imaging- the concept of "bench to bedside" can be effectively implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan G Nekolla
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik der TU München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Ignatz RM, Zirkenbach VA, Kaya M, Stroikova V, Öttl R, Frey N, Kaya Z. No Evidence for Myocarditis or Other Organ Affection by Induction of an Immune Response against Critical SARS-CoV-2 Protein Epitopes in a Mouse Model Susceptible for Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9873. [PMID: 37373021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) developed into a global pandemic, not only the infection itself but also several immune-mediated side effects led to additional consequences. Immune reactions such as epitope spreading and cross-reactivity may also play a role in the development of long-COVID, although the exact pathomechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can not only cause direct damage to the lungs but can also lead to secondary indirect organ damage (e.g., myocardial involvement), which is often associated with high mortality. To investigate whether an immune reaction against the viral peptides can lead to organ affection, a mouse strain known to be susceptible to the development of autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), was used. First, the mice were immunized with single or pooled peptide sequences of the virus's spike (SP), membrane (MP), nucleocapsid (NP), and envelope protein (EP), then the heart and other organs such as the liver, kidney, lung, intestine, and muscle were examined for signs of inflammation or other damage. Our results showed no significant inflammation or signs of pathology in any of these organs as a result of the immunization with these different viral protein sequences. In summary, immunization with different SARS-CoV-2 spike-, membrane-, nucleocapsid-, and envelope-protein peptides does not significantly affect the heart or other organ systems adversely, even when using a highly susceptible mouse strain for experimental autoimmune diseases. This suggests that inducing an immune reaction against these peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 virus alone is not sufficient to cause inflammation and/or dysfunction of the myocardium or other studied organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mansur Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Stroikova
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renate Öttl
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Kong Q, Chen L, Zeng X, Lu F, Huang Y, Wu W. Alterations of the gut microbiome and metabolic profile in CVB3-induced mice acute viral myocarditis. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:139. [PMID: 37202726 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium. Evidence indicates that dysbiosis of gut microbiome and related metabolites intimately associated with cardiovascular diseases through the gut-heart axis. METHODS We built mouse models of AVMC, then applied 16 S rDNA gene sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics to explore variations of gut microbiome and disturbances of cardiac metabolic profiles. RESULTS Compared with Control group, analysis of gut microbiota showed lower diversity in AVMC, decreased relative abundance of genera mainly belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes, and increased of phyla Proteobacteria. Metabolomics analysis showed disturbances of cardiac metabolomics, including 62 increased and 84 decreased metabolites, and mainly assigned to lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism. The steroid hormone biosynthesis, cortisol synthesis and secretion pathway were particularly enriched in AVMC. Among them, such as estrone 3-sulfate, desoxycortone positively correlated with disturbed gut microbiome. CONCLUSION In summary, both the structure of the gut microbiome community and the cardiac metabolome were significantly changed in AVMC. Our findings suggest that gut microbiome may participate in the development of AVMC, the mechanism may be related to its role in dysregulated metabolites such as steroid hormone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaochun Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feiyu Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanlan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Zirkenbach VA, Ignatz RM, Öttl R, Cehreli Z, Stroikova V, Kaya M, Lehmann LH, Preusch MR, Frey N, Kaya Z. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-Vaccine on the Induction of Myocarditis in Different Murine Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055011. [PMID: 36902442 PMCID: PMC10002951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, vaccination safety and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-vaccines were under consideration after case reports of vaccine-related side effects, such as myocarditis, which were mostly described in young men. However, there is almost no data on the risk and safety of vaccination, especially in patients who are already diagnosed with acute/chronic (autoimmune) myocarditis from other causes, such as viral infections, or as a side effect of medication and treatment. Thus, the risk and safety of these vaccines, in combination with other therapies that could induce myocarditis (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy), are still poorly assessable. Therefore, vaccine safety, with respect to worsening myocardial inflammation and myocardial function, was studied in an animal model of experimentally induced autoimmune myocarditis. Furthermore, it is known that ICI treatment (e.g., antibodies (abs) against PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, or a combination of those) plays an important role in the treatment of oncological patients. However, it is also known that treatment with ICIs can induce severe, life-threatening myocarditis in some patients. Genetically different A/J (most susceptible strain) and C57BL/6 (resistant strain) mice, with diverse susceptibilities for induction of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) at various age and gender, were vaccinated twice with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-vaccine. In an additional A/J group, an autoimmune myocarditis was induced. In regard to ICIs, we tested the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in PD-1-/- mice alone, and in combination with CTLA-4 abs. Our results showed no adverse effects related to inflammation and heart function after mRNA-vaccination, independent of age, gender, and in different mouse strains susceptible for induction of experimental myocarditis. Moreover, there was no worsening effect on inflammation and cardiac function when EAM in susceptible mice was induced. However, in the experiments with vaccination and ICI treatment, we observed, in some mice, low elevation of cardiac troponins in sera, and low scores of myocardial inflammation. In sum, mRNA-vaccines are safe in a model of experimentally induced autoimmune myocarditis, but patients undergoing ICI therapy should be closely monitored when vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca M. Ignatz
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renate Öttl
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zeynep Cehreli
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Stroikova
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mansur Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz H. Lehmann
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael R. Preusch
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-5639617
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Comparison of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis and Viral Myocarditis Pathology. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020362. [PMID: 36851240 PMCID: PMC9967770 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant loss of life and severe disability, justifying the expedited testing and approval of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. While found to be safe and effective, there have been increasing reports of myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccine administration. The acute events have been severe enough to require admission to the intensive care unit in some, but most patients fully recover with only rare deaths reported. The pathways involved in the development of vaccine-associated myocarditis are highly dependent on the specific vaccine. COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis is believed to be primarily caused by uncontrolled cytokine-mediated inflammation with possible genetic components in the interleukin-6 signaling pathway. There is also a potential autoimmune component via molecular mimicry. Many of these pathways are similar to those seen in viral myocarditis, indicating a common pathophysiology. There is concern for residual cardiac fibrosis and increased risk for the development of cardiomyopathies later in life. This is of particular interest for patients with congenital heart defects who are already at increased risk for fibrotic cardiomyopathies. Though the risk for vaccine-associated myocarditis is important to consider, the risk of viral myocarditis and other injury is far greater with COVID-19 infection. Considering these relative risks, it is still recommended that the general public receive vaccination against COVID-19, and it is particularly important for congenital heart defect patients to receive vaccination for COVID-19.
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7
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Tang Y, Du M, Qian W, Lu F, Dai J, Qi X, Liu W, Feng C, Sun X, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Zhou L. The diagnostic value of serum YKL-40 for myocardial involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 537:167-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Modulation of NRF-2 Pathway Contributes to the Therapeutic Effects of Boswellia serrata Gum Resin Extract in a Model of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112129. [PMID: 36358503 PMCID: PMC9686591 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is a clinically dangerous disease that can result in death. Oxidative stress as well as inflammatory and immune responses play important roles in the development of myocarditis. Presently, more research has been carried out on anti-inflammatory treatment using natural compounds. The aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of Boswellia gum resin extract in an experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) and the involvement of molecular pathways. Rats were immunized with porcine cardiac myosin to ascertain EAM. The EAM rats were treated orally with Boswellia extract or vehicle for 21 days. EAM caused macroscopic and microscopic alterations with necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis of the heart tissues, as well as clinical biochemical changes, cytokines release, altered immune response, and oxidative stress. Oral treatment with Boswellia markedly reduced myocardial damage, decreased inflammatory infiltrate, fibrosis, biochemical markers, such as lactate dehydrogenase and the creatine kinase, and heart weight/body weight ratio. In addition, low nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels together with the upregulation of antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 NRF-2 pathway were observed in EAM rats treated with Boswellia. Thus, Boswellia could be considered as a new natural extract to combat heart pathologies, such as autoimmune myocarditis.
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Topriceanu CC, Pierce I, Moon JC, Captur G. T 2 and T 2⁎ mapping and weighted imaging in cardiac MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 93:15-32. [PMID: 35914654 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac imaging is progressing from simple imaging of heart structure and function to techniques visualizing and measuring underlying tissue biological changes that can potentially define disease and therapeutic options. These techniques exploit underlying tissue magnetic relaxation times: T1, T2 and T2*. Initial weighting methods showed myocardial heterogeneity, detecting regional disease. Current methods are now fully quantitative generating intuitive color maps that do not only expose regionality, but also diffuse changes - meaning that between-scan comparisons can be made to define disease (compared to normal) and to monitor interval change (compared to old scans). T1 is now familiar and used clinically in multiple scenarios, yet some technical challenges remain. T2 is elevated with increased tissue water - oedema. Should there also be blood troponin elevation, this oedema likely reflects inflammation, a key biological process. T2* falls in the presence of magnetic/paramagnetic materials - practically, this means it measures tissue iron, either after myocardial hemorrhage or in myocardial iron overload. This review discusses how T2 and T2⁎ imaging work (underlying physics, innovations, dependencies, performance), current and emerging use cases, quality assurance processes for global delivery and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin-Cristian Topriceanu
- Cardiac MRI Unit, Barts Heart Centre, West Smithfield, London, UK; UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; UCL MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iain Pierce
- Cardiac MRI Unit, Barts Heart Centre, West Smithfield, London, UK; UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Cardiac MRI Unit, Barts Heart Centre, West Smithfield, London, UK; UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Cardiac MRI Unit, Barts Heart Centre, West Smithfield, London, UK; UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; UCL MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK; The Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, Cardiology Department, Pond Street, Hampstead, London, UK.
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10
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Seidman MA, McManus B. Myocarditis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Bockstahler M, Salbach C, Müller AM, Kübler A, Müller OJ, Katus HA, Frey N, Kaya Z. LNA oligonucleotide mediates an anti-inflammatory effect in autoimmune myocarditis via targeting lactate dehydrogenase B. Immunology 2021; 165:158-170. [PMID: 34606637 PMCID: PMC9426621 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of myocarditis is often limited to symptomatic treatment due to unknown pathomechanisms. In order to identify new therapeutic approaches, the contribution of locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides (LNA ASOs) in autoimmune myocarditis was investigated. Hence, A/J mice were immunized with cardiac troponin I (TnI) to induce experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) and treated with LNA ASOs. The results showed an unexpected anti‐inflammatory effect for one administered LNA ASO MB_1114 by reducing cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. The target sequence of MB_1114 was identified as lactate dehydrogenase B (mLDHB). For further analysis, mice received mLdhb‐specific GapmeR during induction of EAM. Here, mice receiving the mLdhb‐specific GapmeR showed increased protein levels of cardiac mLDHB and a reduced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. The effect of increased cardiac mLDHB protein level was associated with a downregulation of genes of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐associated proteins, indicating a reduction in ROS. Here, the suppression of murine pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (mBax) was also observed. In our study, an unexpected anti‐inflammatory effect of LNA ASO MB_1114 and mLdhb‐specific GapmeR during induction of EAM could be demonstrated in vivo. This effect was associated with increased protein levels of cardiac mLDHB, mBax suppression and reduced ROS activation. Thus, LDHB and LNA ASOs may be considered as a promising target for directed therapy of myocarditis. Nevertheless, further investigations are necessary to clarify the mechanism of action of anti‐inflammatory LDHB‐triggered effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Bockstahler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Salbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Kübler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Leuschner F, Nahrendorf M. Novel functions of macrophages in the heart: insights into electrical conduction, stress, and diastolic dysfunction. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:989-994. [PMID: 30945736 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a century ago, Élie Metchnikoff described the macrophages' ability to phagocytose. Propelled by advances in technology enabling phenotypic and functional analyses at unpreceded resolution, a recent renaissance in macrophage research has shed new light on these 'big eaters'. We here give an overview of cardiac macrophages' provenance in the contexts of cardiac homeostasis and stress. We highlight the recently identified mechanism by which these cells regulate electrical conduction in the atrioventricular node and discuss why we need a deeper understanding of monocytes and macrophages in systolic and diastolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Leuschner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Partner site Heidelberg, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Tajiri K, Yonebayashi S, Li S, Ieda M. Immunomodulatory Role of Tenascin-C in Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624703. [PMID: 33692798 PMCID: PMC7938317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the breakdown of immune tolerance plays an important role in the development of myocarditis triggered by cardiotropic microbial infections. Genetic deletion of immune checkpoint molecules that are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance causes spontaneous myocarditis in mice, and cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors can induce myocarditis in humans. These results suggest that the loss of immune tolerance results in myocarditis. The tissue microenvironment influences the local immune dysregulation in autoimmunity. Recently, tenascin-C (TN-C) has been found to play a role as a local regulator of inflammation through various molecular mechanisms. TN-C is a nonstructural extracellular matrix glycoprotein expressed in the heart during early embryonic development, as well as during tissue injury or active tissue remodeling, in a spatiotemporally restricted manner. In a mouse model of autoimmune myocarditis, TN-C was detectable before inflammatory cell infiltration and myocytolysis became histologically evident; it was strongly expressed during active inflammation and disappeared with healing. TN-C activates dendritic cells to generate pathogenic autoreactive T cells and forms an important link between innate and acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Tajiri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Saori Yonebayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Tajiri K, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Tsujimura Y, Matsuo K, Hiroe M, Aonuma K, Ieda M, Yasutomi Y. A New Mouse Model of Chronic Myocarditis Induced by Recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guèrin Expressing a T-Cell Epitope of Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain-α. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E794. [PMID: 33466825 PMCID: PMC7829923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a potentially lethal disorder characterized by progressive impairment of cardiac function. Chronic myocarditis has long been hypothesized to be one of the causes of DCM. However, owing to the lack of suitable animal models of chronic myocarditis, its pathophysiology remains unclear. Here, we report a novel mouse model of chronic myocarditis induced by recombinant bacille Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) expressing a CD4+ T-cell epitope of cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (rBCG-MyHCα). Mice immunized with rBCG-MyHCα developed chronic myocarditis, and echocardiography revealed dilation and impaired contraction of ventricles, similar to those observed in human DCM. In the heart, CD62L-CD4+ T cells were increased and produced significant amounts of IFN-γ and IL-17 in response to cardiac myosin. Adoptive transfer of CD62L-CD4+ T cells induced myocarditis in the recipient mice, which indicated that CD62L-CD4+ T cells were the effector cells in this model. rBCG-MyHCα-infected dendritic cells produced proinflammatory cytokines and induced MyHCα-specific T-cell proliferation and Th1 and Th17 polarization. This novel chronic myocarditis mouse model may allow the identification of the central pathophysiological and immunological processes involved in the progression to DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Tajiri
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba 305-0843, Japan;
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (K.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan;
- Mie University Matrix Biology Research Center, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsujimura
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba 305-0843, Japan;
- Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama 189-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Department of Research and Development, Japan BCG Laboratory, Kiyose 204-0022, Japan;
| | - Michiaki Hiroe
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (K.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (K.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba 305-0843, Japan;
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Exacerbation of autoimmune myocarditis by an immune checkpoint inhibitor is dependent on its time of administration in mice. Int J Cardiol 2020; 313:67-75. [PMID: 32402518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made an immense breakthrough in cancer therapeutics, they can exert unique, immune-related adverse events. Among them, myocarditis is less frequent, but it is serious and often follows a lethal course. METHODS To examine the changes in cardiac autoimmunity after ICI administration, we developed a mouse experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model via intraperitoneal administration of murine α-cardiac myosin heavy chain (MyHC-α) fragment. Thereafter, the mouse anti-PD-1 antibody (mPD1ab) was administered at two time points, subsequent to and concurrent with MyHC-α fragment administration. RESULTS Severe EAM developed in 3 weeks; wide inflammatory lesions were observed in the cardiac sections. Furthermore, inflammatory/fibrotic genes, such as interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and collagen 1, were upregulated, although the cardiac function was not significantly affected. The subsequent administration of mPD1ab at 2 weeks post administration of the first MyHC-α fragment exacerbated EAM, whereas the administration of mPD1ab concurrent with MyHC-α fragment administration did not exacerbate EAM. The subsequent administration of mPD1ab significantly increased the infiltration of cluster of differentiation (CD)4- and F4/80-positive cells, whereas the concurrent administration of mPD1ab significantly decreased the infiltration of CD4-positive cells, indicating that the concurrent and subsequent administration of mPD1ab had opposite effects on immune/inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the appearance of ICI-induced autoimmune myocarditis might be related to autoimmune system activity before ICI administration. Although ICIs do not adversely affect patients with normal immune systems, we propose that ICI administration should be avoided in patients with autoimmune disorders.
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Bhusal RP, Eaton JRO, Chowdhury ST, Power CA, Proudfoot AEI, Stone MJ, Bhattacharya S. Evasins: Tick Salivary Proteins that Inhibit Mammalian Chemokines. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 45:108-122. [PMID: 31679840 PMCID: PMC7322545 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are hematophagous arachnids that parasitize mammals and other hosts, feeding on their blood. Ticks secrete numerous salivary factors that enhance host blood flow or suppress the host inflammatory response. The recruitment of leukocytes, a hallmark of inflammation, is regulated by chemokines, which activate chemokine receptors on the leukocytes. Ticks target this process by secreting glycoproteins called Evasins, which bind to chemokines and prevent leukocyte recruitment. This review describes the recent discovery of numerous Evasins produced by ticks, their classification into two structural and functional classes, and the efficacy of Evasins in animal models of inflammatory diseases. The review also proposes a standard nomenclature system for Evasins and discusses the potential of repurposing or engineering Evasins as therapeutic anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad Bhusal
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - James R O Eaton
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine (RDM) Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sayeeda T Chowdhury
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christine A Power
- Biopharm Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Martin J Stone
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine (RDM) Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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17
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Baessler B, Luecke C, Lurz J, Klingel K, Das A, von Roeder M, de Waha-Thiele S, Besler C, Rommel KP, Maintz D, Gutberlet M, Thiele H, Lurz P. Cardiac MRI and Texture Analysis of Myocardial T1 and T2 Maps in Myocarditis with Acute versus Chronic Symptoms of Heart Failure. Radiology 2019; 292:608-617. [PMID: 31361205 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019190101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe establishment of a timely and correct diagnosis in heart failure-like myocarditis remains one of the most challenging in clinical cardiology.PurposeTo assess the diagnostic potential of texture analysis in heart failure-like myocarditis with comparison to endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) as the reference standard.Materials and MethodsSeventy-one study participants from the Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Myocarditis (MyoRacer) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT02177630) with clinical suspicion for myocarditis and symptoms of heart failure were prospectively included (from August 2012 to May 2015) in the study. Participants underwent biventricular EMB and cardiac MRI at 1.5 T, including native T1 and T2 mapping and standard Lake Louise criteria. Texture analysis was applied on T1 and T2 maps by using an open-source software. Stepwise dimension reduction was performed for selecting features enabling the diagnosis of myocarditis. Diagnostic performance was assessed from the area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristic analyses with 10-fold cross validation.ResultsIn participants with acute heart failure-like myocarditis (n = 31; mean age, 47 years ± 17; 10 women), the texture feature GrayLevelNonUniformity from T2 maps (T2_GLNU) showed diagnostic performance similar to that of mean myocardial T2 time (AUC, 0.69 for both). The combination of mean T2 time and T2_GLNU had the highest AUC (0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43, 0.95), with sensitivity of 81% (25 of 31) and specificity of 71% (22 of 31). In patients with chronic heart failure-like myocarditis (n = 40; mean age, 48 years ± 13; 12 women), the histogram feature T2_kurtosis demonstrated superior diagnostic performance compared to that of all other single parameters (AUC, 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.96). The combination of the two texture features, T2_kurtosis and the GrayLevelNonUniformity from T1, had the highest diagnostic performance (AUC, 0.85; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.90; sensitivity, 90% [36 of 40]; and specificity, 72% [29 of 40]).ConclusionIn this proof-of-concept study, texture analysis applied on cardiac MRI T1 and T2 mapping delivers quantitative imaging parameters for the diagnosis of acute or chronic heart failure-like myocarditis and might be superior to Lake Louise criteria or averaged myocardial T1 or T2 values.© RSNA, 2019Online supplemental material is available for this article.See also the editorial by de Roos in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Baessler
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - Christian Luecke
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - Julia Lurz
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - Karin Klingel
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - Arijit Das
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - Maximilian von Roeder
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - Suzanne de Waha-Thiele
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - Christian Besler
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - Karl-Philipp Rommel
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - David Maintz
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - Matthias Gutberlet
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - Holger Thiele
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
| | - Philipp Lurz
- From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany (B.B., A.D., D.M.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (C.L., M.G.); Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany (J.L., M.v.R., C.B., K.P.R., H.T., P.L.); Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (K.K.); Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.D.); Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.d.W.T.); and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany (M.G., H.T., P.L.)
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18
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Pan A, Tan Y, Wang Z, Xu G. STAT4 silencing underlies a novel inhibitory role of microRNA-141-3p in inflammation response of mice with experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H531-H540. [PMID: 31225989 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00048.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As an inflammatory disease afflicting the heart muscle, autoimmune myocarditis (AM) represents one of the foremost causes of heart failure. Accumulating evidence has implicated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the process of inflammation and autoimmunity. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which miR-141-3p influences experimental AM (EAM). An EAM mouse model was established using 6-wk old male BALB/c mice, after which the expression of miR-141-3p and STAT4 was measured. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function investigations were performed to identify the functional role of miR-141-3p and STAT4 in EAM. Heart weight-to-body weight ratio, cardiac function, and degree of inflammation, as well as the levels of inflammation factors (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17) in the serum were detected. STAT4 was subsequently verified to be upregulated, and miR-141-3p was downregulated in the EAM mice. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-141-3p or silencing of STAT4 was observed to reduce the heart weight-to-body weight ratio of EAM mice and improve cardiac function, while alleviating the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in the myocardial tissue. Meanwhile, the overexpression of miR-141-3p was identified to diminish serum inflammatory factor levels by downregulating STAT4. Additionally, miR-141-3p could bind to STAT4 to downregulate its expression, ultimately mitigating inflammation and inducing an anti-inflammatory effect in EAM mice. Taken together, upregulation of miR-141-3p alleviates the inflammatory response in EAM mice by inhibiting STAT4, providing a promising intervention target for the molecular treatment of AM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY miR-141-3p is poorly expressed, and STAT4 is upregulated in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) mice. Overexpressing miR-141-3p inhibits EAM. miR-141-3p binds to and suppresses STAT4 expression. miR-141-3p overexpression inhibits inflammatory factors by downregulating STAT4. This study provides new insights into the treatment of autoimmune myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqun Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Tan
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Eastern Division of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Fischer A, Bockstahler M, Müller AM, Stroikova V, Leib C, Pfitzer G, Katus HA, Kaya Z. FN14 Signaling Plays a Pathogenic Role in a Mouse Model of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis. J Card Fail 2019; 25:674-685. [PMID: 31212034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of inflammatory cardiomyopathy is affected by the activation of autoimmune-mediated cascades. To study these cascades, we developed an experimental model of troponin I (TnI)-induced autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). One factor playing a pivotal role in the context of autoimmune disorders is the receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (FN14). Thus, the impact of FN14 in the development of autoimmune myocarditis was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS TnI-immunization led to a significantly increased myocardial FN14 mRNA and protein expression in wild-type (wt) mice. To investigate the precise role of FN14 in EAM, FN14 knockout (ko) and wt littermates were immunized with TnI or control buffer. The animals were evaluated for cardiac parameters and indicators of myocardial injury. FN14 deficiency resulted in better cardiac performance, less myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and cardiac damage. A lower myocardial mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as their receptors could be demonstrated in TnI-immunized FN14ko compared to wt mice also immunized with TnI. Western blot analysis revealed a contribution of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells to FN14-induced signaling cascades. CONCLUSIONS In the pathogenesis of autoimmune myocarditis, the inflammatory response to cardiac injury is attenuated in FN14ko mice. Thus, inhibition of FN14 in patients might represent a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of inflammatory cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fischer
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariella Bockstahler
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cardiology, St. Claraspital, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Maria Müller
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Vera Stroikova
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Leib
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cardiology, St. Claraspital, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Stroikova V, Fischer A, Bockstahler M, Müller AM, Katus HA, Kaya Z. Adiponectin deficiency has no effect in murine autoimmune myocarditis. Cytokine 2019; 116:139-149. [PMID: 30716658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is a hormone that together with its receptors modulates a number of metabolic processes including gluconeogenesis and lipid catabolism. It belongs to the C1QTNF (complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein) family, which has a variety of members with high amino acid sequence homology and overlapping functions. Concentration of adiponectin in blood is inversely correlated with body fat percentage and cardiac risk factors like blood pressure and CRP (C-reactive protein) level. Studies have identified the existence of a cardiac adiponectin system. However, little is known about the role of this system in the pathogenesis of autoimmune myocarditis. Thus, we have studied the involvement of adiponectin in the development of this autoimmune disorder in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). METHODS Adiponectin knockout (ko) and wild type (wt) mice were immunized with cardiac troponin I (cTnI) to induce an EAM. To determine the severity of myocardial damage, inflammation and fibrosis were scored after HE and Afog staining and high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) level was measured. To detect if changes in specific inflammatory cell numbers could be observed between the genotypes, we performed immunohistochemical staining to detect T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and macrophages. The level of the humoral immune response was determined through the measurement of cTnI-specific serum IgG autoantibodies. Relative mRNA expression of different cytokines, C1QTNF family members and adiponectin receptors in the heart tissue was analyzed with qPCR. RESULTS Animals immunized with cTnI developed autoimmune myocarditis with a significant deterioration of cardiac parameters compared to the corresponding control group. The adiponectin ko group immunized with cTnI showed a tendency towards increased inflammation, fibrosis, heart-to-body-weight ratio, infiltration pattern of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and macrophages, hsTnT concentration, humoral immune response and mRNA expression of interleukin 6 in the heart tissue and decreased weight gain compared to the wt group immunized with cTnI. However, the difference to the wt group treated with cTnI was not significant. The analysis of cardiac mRNA expression of adiponectin receptors and four C1QTNF family members, most suitable for fulfilling the functions of adiponectin in adiponectin ko mice, did not show any significant differences between adiponectin ko and wt group at all. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that the absence of adiponectin did not lead to a significantly increased impairment of cardiac function and was also unlikely to be compensated by its receptors or other C1QTNF family members in the murine model of EAM. Here, other synergistic or redundant effects might play a role and must be investigated in further studies to understand the role and function of adiponectin in autoimmune myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Stroikova
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Anna-Maria Müller
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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Hu XF, Zhang WY, Wen Q, Chen WJ, Wang ZM, Chen J, Zhu F, Liu K, Cheng LX, Yang J, Shu YW. Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates myocardial damage in myocarditis by restoring the microbiota composition. Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:412-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Androgen receptor regulates cardiac fibrosis in mice with experimental autoimmune myocarditis by increasing microRNA-125b expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:130-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Meyer IS, Goetzke CC, Kespohl M, Sauter M, Heuser A, Eckstein V, Vornlocher HP, Anderson DG, Haas J, Meder B, Katus HA, Klingel K, Beling A, Leuschner F. Silencing the CSF-1 Axis Using Nanoparticle Encapsulated siRNA Mitigates Viral and Autoimmune Myocarditis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2303. [PMID: 30349538 PMCID: PMC6186826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle most commonly caused by viral infection and often maintained by autoimmunity. Virus-induced tissue damage triggers chemokine production and, subsequently, immune cell infiltration with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine production follows. In patients, the overall inflammatory burden determines the disease outcome. Following the aim to define specific molecules that drive both immunopathology and/or autoimmunity in inflammatory heart disease, here we report on increased expression of colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) in patients with myocarditis. CSF-1 controls monocytes originating from hematopoietic stem cells and subsequent progenitor stages. Both, monocytes and macrophages are centrally involved in mediating tissue damage and fibrotic scarring in the heart. CSF-1 influences monocytes via engagement of CSF-1 receptor, and it is also produced by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system themselves. Based on this, we sought to modulate the virus-triggered inflammatory response in an experimental model of Coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis by silencing the CSF-1 axis in myeloid cells using nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNA. siCSF-1 inverted virus-mediated immunopathology as reflected by lower troponin T levels, a reduction of accumulating myeloid cells in heart tissue and improved cardiac function. Importantly, pathogen control was maintained and the virus was efficiently cleared from heart tissue. Since viral heart disease triggers heart-directed autoimmunity, in a second approach we investigated the influence of CSF-1 upon manifestation of heart tissue inflammation during experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). EAM was induced in Balb/c mice by immunization with a myocarditogenic myosin-heavy chain-derived peptide dissolved in complete Freund's adjuvant. siCSF-1 treatment initiated upon established disease inhibited monocyte infiltration into heart tissue and this suppressed cardiac injury as reflected by diminished cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function at later states. Mechanistically, we found that suppression of CSF-1 production arrested both differentiation and maturation of monocytes and their precursors in the bone marrow. In conclusion, during viral and autoimmune myocarditis silencing of the myeloid CSF-1 axis by nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNA is beneficial for preventing inflammatory tissue damage in the heart and preserving cardiac function without compromising innate immunity's critical defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Sören Meyer
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Christoph Goetzke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meike Kespohl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Sauter
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Eckstein
- Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jan Haas
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo Albert Katus
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Antje Beling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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Roles of Host Immunity in Viral Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5301548. [PMID: 29854842 PMCID: PMC5964556 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5301548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of viral myocarditis includes both the direct damage mediated by viral infection and the indirect lesion resulted from host immune responses. Myocarditis can progress into dilated cardiomyopathy that is also associated with immunopathogenesis. T cell-mediated autoimmunity, antibody-mediated autoimmunity (autoantibodies), and innate immunity, working together, contribute to the development of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy.
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25
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Alenazi Y, Singh K, Davies G, Eaton JRO, Elders P, Kawamura A, Bhattacharya S. Genetically engineered two-warhead evasins provide a method to achieve precision targeting of disease-relevant chemokine subsets. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6333. [PMID: 29679010 PMCID: PMC5910400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both CC and CXC-class chemokines drive inflammatory disease. Tick salivary chemokine-binding proteins (CKBPs), or evasins, specifically bind subsets of CC- or CXC-chemokines, and could precisely target disease-relevant chemokines. Here we have used yeast surface display to identify two tick evasins: a CC-CKBP, P1243 from Amblyomma americanum and a CXC-CKBP, P1156 from Ixodes ricinus. P1243 binds 11 CC-chemokines with Kd < 10 nM, and 10 CC-chemokines with Kd between 10 and 100 nM. P1156 binds two ELR + CXC-chemokines with Kd < 10 nM, and four ELR + CXC-chemokines with Kd between 10 and 100 nM. Both CKBPs neutralize chemokine activity with IC50 < 10 nM in cell migration assays. As both CC- and CXC-CKBP activities are desirable in a single agent, we have engineered "two-warhead" CKBPs to create single agents that bind and neutralize subsets of CC and CXC chemokines. These results show that tick evasins can be linked to create non-natural proteins that target subsets of CC and CXC chemokines. We suggest that "two-warhead" evasins, designed by matching the activities of parental evasins to CC and CXC chemokines expressed in disease, would achieve precision targeting of inflammatory disease-relevant chemokines by a single agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Alenazi
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kamayani Singh
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Davies
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James R O Eaton
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Elders
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Akane Kawamura
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Heart macrophages and dendritic cells in sickness and in health: A tale of a complicated marriage. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:105-113. [PMID: 29650244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is the major cause of death and it is broadly recognized that the immune system plays a central role in healthy and injured heart. Here, we focus on the contribution of various subsets of mononuclear phagocytes in the cardiac system. Macrophages and dendritic cells reside in the healthy myocardium to fulfill homeostatic functions and rapidly increase in numbers in diseases like myocardial ischemia and myocarditis to contribute to disease or resolve it. Recent experiments have revealed the extraordinary heterogeneity of cardiac mononuclear phagocytes that differ in origin, lifespan, phenotype and function. Although many studies described cardiac phagocytes in the mouse, subsets of cardiac mononuclear phagocytes can also be broadly found in the human heart, opening up the potential of selective targeting of these cells in a therapeutic setting. Before this goal can be achieved we need better understanding not only of the detrimental but also beneficial functions of these highly diverse cells in the heart.
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27
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Tajiri K, Aonuma K, Sekine I. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018; 48:7-12. [PMID: 29045749 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyx154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated significant clinical benefit in many cancers. The clinical benefit afforded by these treatments can be accompanied by a unique and distinct spectrum of adverse events. Recently, several fatal cases of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis were reported. Although its frequency is comparatively lower than that of other immune-related adverse events, myocarditis can lead to circulatory collapse and lethal ventricular arrhythmia. Immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), play important roles in establishing peripheral tolerance to the heart. Evidence from studies using genetically engineered mouse models suggests that CTLA-4 signaling terminates proliferation and promotes anergy during the primary response to cardiac self-peptide recognition. PD-1 signaling restrains autoreactive T cells that enter the peripheral tissues and recognize cardiac-peptide, maintaining them in an anergic state. Patients affected by immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis often experience rapid onset of profound hemodynamic compromise progressing to cardiogenic shock. Early diagnosis is mandatory to address specific therapy and correct the timing of circulatory support. However, the diagnosis of myocarditis is challenging due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations. Owing to its early onset, nonspecific symptomatology and fulminant progression, especially when these drugs are used in combination, oncologists should be vigilant for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis. With many questions yet to be answered, from basic immune biology to clinical management, future research should aim to optimize the use of these drugs by identifying predictive biomarkers of either a response to therapy or the risks of myocarditis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Tajiri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Ikuo Sekine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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28
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Liu N, Su H, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Kong J. Cholecalciterol cholesterol emulsion attenuates experimental autoimmune myocarditis in mice via inhibition of the pyroptosis signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:422-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Chen P, Chen J, Xie X, Zhu J, Xia L. Eosinophils in patients with lone atrial fibrillation. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2017. [PMID: 28639752 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been evidenced as a critical contributable mechanism for the atrial fibrillation (AF) onset and development. As the consistent inflammatory and oxidative marker, the effects of white blood cell (WBC) and its differential on lone atrial fibrillation (LAF) were investigated in the study. METHODS A total of 126 patients with paroxysmal LAF who scheduled for rhythm control drug therapy and 120 age- and gender-matched subjects in sinus rhythm were included sequentially. Peripheral blood sample and clinic data were collected during the first evaluation. Recurrence of AF was evaluated by outpatient clinics and telephone visits for the following 12 months. RESULTS Peripheral eosinophil count, neutrophil count, and left atrial diameter (LAD) were significantly higher in LAF than control. Within a follow-up of 12 months, 56 patients (44.4%) had developed AF recurrence. Patients with AF recurrence had higher eosinophil count and LAD. Univariable analyses showed a statistically significant relationship between eosinophil count (P = 0.042), LAD (P = 0.030), and AF recurrence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LAD (OR: 1.090 per 1 mm increase; 95% CI: 1.007-1.180; P = 0.032) and eosinophil (OR: 1.643 per 1 × 108 /L increase; 95% CI: 1.047-2.578; P = 0.031) were independent predictors of AF recurrence during antiarrhythmic drug therapy. CONCLUSION Our results support the association of the WBC response and its components with the LAF. Especially, the peripheral eosinophil and LAD may play important roles in mediating inflammation and atrial remodeling in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junzhu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Zhang JY, Yang Z, Fang K, Shi ZL, Ren DH, Sun J. Oleuropein prevents the development of experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:187-195. [PMID: 28525856 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein (OLE) is a natural secoiridoid that is derived from Olea europaea. OLE possesses cardioprotective effects in experimental models of hypertension, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and hyperlipidaemia. In the present study, the effects of OLE on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) were evaluated. EAM in rats were induced by subcutaneous injections of porcine cardiac myosin. Cardiac function parameters, myocardial pathology, myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) expression were measured. Our data showed that the postmyocarditis rats exhibited increased left ventricular end systolic diameters, left ventricular end diastolic diameters, left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP), and decreased ejection fractions. However, OLE significantly suppressed these changes in EAM rats. Histological analysis revealed that myosin induced miliary foci of discolouration on endocardial surfaces and extensive myocardial injuries with inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly improved by OLE therapy. A definitive positive correlation between the histological scores and LVEDP was observed. Moreover, OLE inhibited CD4+, CD8+ cells and macrophage infiltration in myocardium and decreased the serum production of tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in EAM rats. Expectedly, the myocardial levels of NF-κB p65, p-IκBa, IKKa were significantly attenuated by OLE, indicating the inhibitory effects of OLE on the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, OLE decreased the myocardial expressions of phosphorylated-p38 MAPK, phosphorylated-ERK, and did not change the levels of p38 MAPK and ERK in EAM rats. Collectively, our results suggest that OLE effectively prevents the development of myocarditis, at least in part, by inhibiting the MAPKs and NF-κB mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hang Zhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hang Zhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hang Zhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhan-Li Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hang Zhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Hong Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hang Zhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hang Zhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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Ma W, Wang Y, Lu S, Yan L, Hu F, Wang Z. Targeting androgen receptor with ASC-J9 attenuates cardiac injury and dysfunction in experimental autoimmune myocarditis by reducing M1-like macrophage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:746-752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Zempo H, Suzuki JI, Watanabe R, Wakayama K, Kumagai H, Ikeda Y, Akazawa H, Komuro I, Isobe M. Cacao polyphenols ameliorate autoimmune myocarditis in mice. Hypertens Res 2015; 39:203-9. [PMID: 26657007 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocarditis is a clinically severe disease; however, no effective treatment has been established. The aim of this study was to determine whether cacao bean (Theobroma cacao) polyphenols ameliorate autoimmune myocarditis. We used an experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model in Balb/c mice. Mice with induced EAM were treated with a cacao polyphenol extract (CPE, n=12) or vehicle (n=12). On day 21, hearts were harvested and analyzed. Elevated heart weight to body weight and fibrotic area ratios as well as high cardiac cell infiltration were observed in the vehicle-treated EAM mice. However, these increases were significantly suppressed in the CPE-treated mice. Reverse transcriptase-PCR revealed that mRNA expressions of interleukin (Il)-1β, Il-6, E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and collagen type 1 were lower in the CPE group compared with the vehicle group. The mRNA expressions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (Nox)2 and Nox4 were increased in the vehicle-treated EAM hearts, although CPE treatment did not significantly suppress the transcription levels. However, compared with vehicle treatment of EAM hearts, CPE treatment significantly suppressed hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Cardiac myeloperoxidase activity, the intensity of dihydroethidium staining and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB p65 were also lower in the CPE group compared with the vehicle group. Our data suggest that CPE ameliorates EAM in mice. CPE is a promising dietary supplement to suppress cardiovascular inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Zempo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Wakayama
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kumagai
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Isobe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Skurk
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmology and Angiology, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmology and Angiology, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
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Hirakawa H, Zempo H, Ogawa M, Watanabe R, Suzuki JI, Akazawa H, Komuro I, Isobe M. A DPP-4 inhibitor suppresses fibrosis and inflammation on experimental autoimmune myocarditis in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119360. [PMID: 25768281 PMCID: PMC4359137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is a critical inflammatory disorder which causes life-threatening conditions. No specific or effective treatment has been established. DPP-4 inhibitors have salutary effects not only on type 2 diabetes but also on certain cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of a DPP-4 inhibitor on myocarditis has not been investigated. To clarify the effects of a DPP-4 inhibitor on myocarditis, we used an experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model in Balb/c mice. EAM mice were assigned to the following groups: EAM mice group treated with a DPP-4 inhibitor (linagliptin) (n = 19) and those untreated (n = 22). Pathological analysis revealed that the myocardial fibrosis area ratio in the treated group was significantly lower than in the untreated group. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the levels of mRNA expression of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly lower in the treated group than in the untreated group. Lymphocyte proliferation assay showed that treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor had no effect on antigen-induced spleen cell proliferation. Administration of the DPP-4 inhibitor remarkably suppressed cardiac fibrosis and reduced inflammatory cytokine gene expression in EAM mice. Thus, the agents present in DPP-4 inhibitors may be useful to treat and/or prevent clinical myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hirakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Isobe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Liu Q, Su XJ, Yu Y, Liu YL. Correlations among persistent viral infection, heart function and Chinese medicine syndromes in dilated cardiomyopathy patients. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 20:928-33. [PMID: 25022551 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlations among persistent viral infection, heart function and Chinese medicine (CM) difined-syndromes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS Fifty patients with DCM in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from October 2009 to December 2011 were selected as the research subjects, and 30 healthy people were simultaneously selected as the normal control group to detect persistent viral infections after admission. The CM syndrome type and grade of heart function were then evaluated. The expression level of Coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) was detected using the flow cytometry (FCM) technique, coxsackie virus RNA (CVB-RNA) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR), and the plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level with a Triage meter plus diagnosis instrument. Finally, the parameters such as left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by ultrasonic cardiogram. Person correlation analysis was used for measured data, Spearman correlation analysis for rating data, and the Chi-square test for numerical data. RESULTS CVB-RNA was positive in 22 patients (44%) with DCM, while only 6 cases (20%) were CVB-RNA-positive in the normal control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). The expression level of CAR was significantly elevated in the DCM group compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). In CVB-RNA-positive patients (22 cases), the expression level of CAR was significantly higher than in CVB-RNA-negative patients (28 cases; P<0.01). In the DCM patients, there was a positive correlation between the CAR expression and the BNP level (r=0.34, P<0.05), while no significant difference was found between the CAR expression and the LVEF and LVEDd (r=-0.32, 0.30, P>0.05). There was no clear correlation between virus infection and the CM syndrome types in DCM patients (r=-0.22, P>0.05). According to the sequence of syndrome types: phlegm → qi deficiency → blood stasis → hydroretention with asthenic yang (from low to high), a positive correlation was existed between the BNP levels and CM syndrome types (r=0.139, P<0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of CAR on the surface of white cells could be used to detect persistent viral infection. The expression level of CAR and heart function in DCM patients were highly correlated. The expression level of BNP may serve as an objective index for differentiating CM syndromes for patients with DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China,
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Sakane K, Shibata K, Fujita SI, Shimamoto S, Ito T, Kizawa S, Morita H, Sohmiya K, Hoshiga M, Ishizaka N. Association between serum immunoglobulin G4 concentration and cardiac function among elderly cardiology inpatients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14:582-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Sakane
- Department of Cardiology; Osaka Medical College; Osaka Japan
| | - Kensaku Shibata
- Department of Cardiology; Osaka Medical College; Osaka Japan
| | - Shu-ichi Fujita
- Department of Cardiology; Osaka Medical College; Osaka Japan
| | | | - Takahide Ito
- Department of Cardiology; Osaka Medical College; Osaka Japan
| | - Shun Kizawa
- Department of Cardiology; Osaka Medical College; Osaka Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Cardiology; Osaka Medical College; Osaka Japan
| | - Koichi Sohmiya
- Department of Cardiology; Osaka Medical College; Osaka Japan
| | - Masaaki Hoshiga
- Department of Cardiology; Osaka Medical College; Osaka Japan
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Leuschner F, Courties G, Dutta P, Mortensen LJ, Gorbatov R, Sena B, Novobrantseva TI, Borodovsky A, Fitzgerald K, Koteliansky V, Iwamoto Y, Bohlender M, Meyer S, Lasitschka F, Meder B, Katus HA, Lin C, Libby P, Swirski FK, Anderson DG, Weissleder R, Nahrendorf M. Silencing of CCR2 in myocarditis. Eur Heart J 2014; 36:1478-88. [PMID: 24950695 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration of the heart and subsequent deterioration of cardiac function. Monocytes are the most prominent population of accumulating leucocytes. We investigated whether in vivo administration of nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNA targeting chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2)-a chemokine receptor crucial for leucocyte migration in humans and mice--reduces inflammation in autoimmune myocarditis. METHODS AND RESULTS In myocardium of patients with myocarditis, CCL2 mRNA levels and CCR2(+) cells increased (P < 0.05), motivating us to pursue CCR2 silencing. Flow cytometric analysis showed that siRNA silencing of CCR2 (siCCR2) reduced the number of Ly6C(high) monocytes in hearts of mice with acute autoimmune myocarditis by 69% (P < 0.05), corroborated by histological assessment. The nanoparticle-delivered siRNA was not only active in monocytes but also in bone marrow haematopoietic progenitor cells. Treatment with siCCR2 reduced the migration of bone marrow granulocyte macrophage progenitors into the blood. Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after injection of macrophage-avid magnetic nanoparticles detected myocarditis and therapeutic effects of RNAi non-invasively. Mice with acute myocarditis showed enhanced macrophage MRI contrast, which was prevented by siCCR2 (P < 0.05). Follow-up MRI volumetry revealed that siCCR2 treatment improved ejection fraction (P < 0.05 vs. control siRNA-treated mice). CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of CCR2 in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. In addition, we show that siCCR2 affects leucocyte progenitor trafficking. The data also point to a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Leuschner
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Courties
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Luke J Mortensen
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rostic Gorbatov
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brena Sena
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Anna Borodovsky
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 3rd Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kevin Fitzgerald
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 3rd Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Victor Koteliansky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marina Bohlender
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soeren Meyer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220/221, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Schmerler P, Jeuthe S, O h-Ici D, Wassilew K, Lauer D, Kaschina E, Kintscher U, Müller S, Muench F, Kuehne T, Berger F, Unger T, Steckelings UM, Paulis L, Messroghli D. Mortality and morbidity in different immunization protocols for experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:889-98. [PMID: 24410878 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the histological and clinical presentations of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) induced by different immunization schemes. METHODS Male young Lewis rats were divided into five groups immunized by porcine myocardial myosin: subcutaneously (SC) 2 mg (in two 1-mg doses on day 0 and 7), 0 mg (sham group) subcutaneously into rear footpads (RF), 0.25 mg RF, 0.5 mg RF or 1 mg RF (all RF once on day 0). On day 21, left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac catheterization. The type and degree of myocardial inflammatory infiltrates were determined by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the SC immunized rats and in the RF sham group, we observed 0% mortality, while in the actively RF immunized rats, mortality was 20, 20 and 44% for the 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg and 1 mg myosin doses respectively. Morbidity as defined by inflammatory infiltrates on haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was 22% in the SC immunized rats, 0% in the RF sham group and 100% in all actively RF immunized groups. We observed augmented relative ventricle weight and spleen weight, increased LV end-diastolic pressure, reduced LV developed pressure and reduced LV ejection fraction in all with myosin-immunized RF groups without any systematic dose effect. CONCLUSION Subcutaneous immunization to the neck and flanks did not induce a reproducible EAM, while RF myosin administration reliably led to EAM. Lower myosin doses seem to induce the complete histological and clinical picture of EAM while being associated with lower mortality, non-specific symptoms and animal distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Schmerler
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - S. Jeuthe
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - D. O h-Ici
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - K. Wassilew
- Department of Pathology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - D. Lauer
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - E. Kaschina
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - U. Kintscher
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - S. Müller
- Experimental Neurology; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - F. Muench
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - T. Kuehne
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - F. Berger
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - T. Unger
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - U. M. Steckelings
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - L. Paulis
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Institute of Pathophysiology; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - D. Messroghli
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
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Liu Q, Su XJ, Yu Y, Liu YL. Correlation between virus persistent infection and cardic function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 14:749-53. [PMID: 23897795 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.bqicc708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In our study, 50 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were selected to investigate the correlation between virus persistent infection and cardic function. We found that 44% of patients with DCM were coxsackie virus B-RNA (CVB-RNA) positive, significantly different from that (20%) of the normal control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) in patients with DCM were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P<0.01). In CVB-RNA-positive patients, expression levels of CAR were significantly higher than those in CVB-RNA-negative patients (P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between CAR expression and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level in patients with DCM, but no significant correlations between the CAR expression level and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd). These results showed that expression levels of CAR on the surface of white cells can be used as an indicator for detecting persistent virus infection. We found that expression levels of CAR and heart function in patients with DCM were highly correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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41
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Endothelin receptor antagonist exacerbates autoimmune myocarditis in mice. Life Sci 2014; 118:288-96. [PMID: 24447632 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Myocarditis and subsequent dilated cardiomyopathy are major causes of heart failure in young adults. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) is a mouse model of post-infectious myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. The pathological role of endothelin (ET) in myocarditis has not been elucidated. MAIN METHODS EAM was induced by immunization of cardiac myosin peptide with complete Freund's adjuvant on days 0 and 7 in BALB/c mice. An ETA/ETB dual receptor antagonist, SB209670, was administered by a continuous infusion from a subcutaneous pump for 2 weeks. KEY FINDINGS An increase in the heart-to-body weight ratio was observed in SB209670-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice. Heart pathology in SB209670-treated mice was remarkable for gross inflammatory infiltration, in contrast to the lesser inflammation in the hearts of vehicle-treated mice. We found that an ET blockade decreased the number of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in the heart. The ET blockade also inhibited the expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 that plays a key role in the negative regulation of both Toll-like receptor- and cytokine receptor-mediated signaling. EAM is a CD4(+) T cell-mediated disease. CD4(+) T cells isolated from SB209670-treated EAM mice produced less IL-10 and more inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-17, than those isolated from vehicle-treated mice. SIGNIFICANCE The ET receptor antagonist exacerbated autoimmune myocarditis in mice. Our novel findings suggest that ET may play an important role in the regulation of inflammation in myocarditis.
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Duraes FV, Thelemann C, Sarter K, Acha-Orbea H, Hugues S, Reith W. Role of major histocompatibility complex class II expression by non-hematopoietic cells in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders: facts and fiction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 82:1-15. [PMID: 23745569 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that interactions between CD4(+) T cells and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) positive antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of hematopoietic origin play key roles in both the maintenance of tolerance and the initiation and development of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In sharp contrast, despite nearly three decades of intensive research, the functional relevance of MHCII expression by non-hematopoietic tissue-resident cells has remained obscure. The widespread assumption that MHCII expression by non-hematopoietic APCs has an impact on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has in most instances neither been confirmed nor excluded by indisputable in vivo data. Here we review and put into perspective conflicting in vitro and in vivo results on the putative impact of MHCII expression by non-hematopoietic APCs--in both target organs and secondary lymphoid tissues--on the initiation and development of representative autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Emphasis will be placed on the lacunar status of our knowledge in this field. We also discuss new mouse models--developed on the basis of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate MHCII expression--that constitute valuable tools for filling the severe gaps in our knowledge on the functions of non-hematopoietic APCs in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Duraes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Watanabe R, Azuma RW, Suzuki JI, Ogawa M, Itai A, Hirata Y, Komuro I, Isobe M. Inhibition of NF-κB activation by a novel IKK inhibitor reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune myocarditis via suppression of T-cell activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1761-71. [PMID: 24097428 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00159.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB, which is activated by the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK), is involved in the progression of inflammatory disease. However, the effect of IKK inhibition on the progression of myocarditis is unknown. We examined the effect of IKK inhibition on the progression of myocarditis. Lewis rats were immunized with porcine cardiac myosin to induce experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). We administered the IKK inhibitor (IMD-0354; 15 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) or vehicle to EAM rats daily. Hearts were harvested 21 days after immunization. Although the untreated EAM group showed increased heart weight-to-body weight ratio, and severe myocardial damage, these changes were attenuated in the IKK inhibitor-treated group. Moreover, IKK inhibitor administration significantly reduced NF-κB activation and mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in myocardium compared with vehicle administration. In vitro study showed that the IKK inhibitor treatment inhibited T-cell proliferation and Th1 cytokines production induced by myosin stimulation. The IKK inhibitor ameliorated EAM by suppressing inflammatory reactions via suppression of T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Lee JH, Kim TH, Park HE, Lee EG, Jung NC, Song JY, Seo HG, Seung KB, Chang K, Lim DS. Myosin-primed tolerogenic dendritic cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 101:203-10. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Miteva K, Van Linthout S, Volk HD, Tschöpe C. Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells revisited in the context of inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:353097. [PMID: 23853610 PMCID: PMC3703801 DOI: 10.1155/2013/353097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is a common inflammatory cardiomyopathy, associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which can lead to chronic left ventricular dysfunction. Under conventional heart failure therapy, inflammatory cardiomyopathy typically has a progressive course, indicating a need for alternative therapeutic strategies to improve long-term outcomes. Experimental and clinical studies consistently support the application of cellular transplantation as a strategy to improve myocardial function. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) mediate distinct paracrine effects supporting endogenous regeneration, but most important are their remarkable immunoregulatory properties. In this review, an overview of current knowledge on immunopathology in myocarditis will be given. Furthermore, current research regarding the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in the context of myocarditis will be discussed. Finally, the impact of MSC priming by the environment on their functionality and the advantages of systemic administration of MSCs under myocarditis are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapka Miteva
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Südstrabe 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Südstrabe 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Südstrabe 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Südstrabe 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Südstrabe 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Berlin, Germany
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Chang H, Wang Y, Wu W, Li G, Hanawa H, Zou J. Hydrodynamics-based delivery of an interleukin-1 receptor II fusion gene ameliorates rat autoimmune myocarditis by inhibiting IL-1 and Th17 cell polarization. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:833-40. [PMID: 23403812 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1RII) is a non-signaling decoy receptor that blocks the activity of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of hydrodynamics-based delivery of a recombinant plasmid encoding IL-1RII-Ig and to elucidate the role of IL-1RII in EAM rats. Rats were immunized on day 0 and injected with a recombinant plasmid encoding IL-1RII-Ig or pCAGGS-SP-Ig (control plasmid) on day 6. IL-1RII-Ig gene therapy effectively controlled EAM as indicated by a decreased heart weight-to-body weight ratio, reduced areas of myocarditis, reduced expression of genes encoding atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in the heart, and improved cardiac function. IL-1RII-Ig significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1-related cytokines such as IL-1β, prostaglandin E2 synthase, cyclooxygenase, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in EAM hearts. Furthermore, the effect of serum containing IL-1RII-Ig on the expression of immune-related genes in IL-1-stimulated splenocytes cultured from EAM rats was examined. The results showed that the expression of IL-6, transforming growth factor-β, retinoic acid-related orphan nuclear receptor (RORγt) and IL-17, was significantly decreased upon exposure to serum containing IL-1RII-Ig. In conclusion, hydrodynamics-based delivery of a recombinant plasmid encoding IL-1RII-Ig effectively prevented progression of left ventricular remodeling and myocardial damage in EAM rats. Moreover, IL-1RII may ameliorate experimental autoimmune myocarditis by blocking IL-1 and inhibiting production of the cytokines important for the polarization of T cells toward a Th17 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Chang
- Division of Cardiology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen Heart Center, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
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Multimodality imaging and the emerging role of cardiac magnetic resonance in autoimmune myocarditis. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:305-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Blyszczuk P, Berthonneche C, Behnke S, Glönkler M, Moch H, Pedrazzini T, Lüscher TF, Eriksson U, Kania G. Nitric oxide synthase 2 is required for conversion of pro-fibrogenic inflammatory CD133+ progenitors into F4/80+ macrophages in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:219-29. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Roberts DJ, Celi AC, Riley LE, Onderdonk AB, Boyd TK, Johnson LC, Lieberman E. Acute histologic chorioamnionitis at term: nearly always noninfectious. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31819. [PMID: 22412842 PMCID: PMC3296706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The link between histologic acute chorioamnionitis and infection is well established in preterm deliveries, but less well-studied in term pregnancies, where infection is much less common. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a secondary analysis among 195 low-risk women with term pregnancies enrolled in a randomized trial. Histologic and microbiologic evaluation of placentas included anaerobic and aerobic cultures (including mycoplasma/ureaplasma species) as well as PCR. Infection was defined as ≥1,000 cfu of a single known pathogen or a ≥2 log difference in counts for a known pathogen versus other organisms in a mixed culture. Placental membranes were scored and categorized as: no chorioamnionitis, Grade 1 (subchorionitis and patchy acute chorioamnionitis), or Grade 2 (severe, confluent chorioamnionitis). Grade 1 or grade 2 histologic chorioamnionitis was present in 34% of placentas (67/195), but infection was present in only 4% (8/195). Histologic chorioamnionitis was strongly associated with intrapartum fever >38°C [69% (25/36) fever, 26% (42/159) afebrile, P<.0001]. Fever occurred in 18% (n = 36) of women. Most febrile women [92% (33/36)] had received epidural for pain relief, though the association with fever was present with and without epidural. The association remained significant in a logistic regression controlling for potential confounders (OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 2.2,15.0). Histologic chorioamnionitis was also associated with elevated serum levels of interleukin-8 (median = 1.3 pg/mL no histologic chorioamnionitis, 1.5 pg/mL Grade 1, 2.1 pg/mL Grade 2, P = 0.05) and interleukin-6 (median levels = 2.2 pg/mL no chorioamnionitis, 5.3 pg/mL Grade 1, 24.5 pg/mL Grade 2, P = 0.02) at admission for delivery as well as higher admission WBC counts (mean = 12,000cells/mm3 no chorioamnionitis, 13,400cells/mm3 Grade 1, 15,700cells/mm3 Grade 2, P = 0.0005). Conclusion/Significance Our results suggest histologic chorioamnionitis at term most often results from a noninfectious inflammatory process. It was strongly associated with fever, most of which was related to epidural used for pain relief. A more ‘activated’ maternal immune system at admission was also associated with histologic chorioamnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drucilla J. Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ann C. Celi
- Division of General Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Riley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Onderdonk
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Theonia K. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lise Carolyn Johnson
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ellice Lieberman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Human heart failure is a disease with multifactorial causes, considerable morbidity, and high mortality. Several circulating autoantibodies, some of them being heart-specific, play a crucial role in the progression and induction of heart failure. However the precise mechanisms on how these autoantibodies perpetuate or even induce an organ specific autoimmune response are not yet fully understood. Also it is being a matter of current research to elucidate a potential pathophysiological role of the innate immune system in generating auto-reactive antibodies. In this review we will summarize the current available literature on circulating autoantibodies which are related to human heart failure. We will present clinical and animal studies that demonstrate the occurrence and pathophysiological relevance of several autoantibodies in heart failure, as well as point out biological mechanisms on molecular and cellular level. Finally the beneficial therapeutic effects of numerous clinical studies that target the humoral arm of the immune system by using either intravenous immunoglobulins and/or immunoadsorption will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziya Kaya
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Z.K., C.L., H.A.K.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Leib
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Z.K., C.L., H.A.K.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Z.K., C.L., H.A.K.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
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