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Chang L, Zheng Z, Zhou Y, Liu K, Li Y, Zhong B, Zhao Z, Chen C, Qian C, Ni Q, Zou Q, Wu Y, Li J, Zou L. B cell receptor repertoire analysis in primary Sjogren's syndrome salivary glands identifies repertoire features associated with clinical activity. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:62. [PMID: 38454506 PMCID: PMC10918881 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disease featuring damage to salivary and lacrimal glands, with the possibility of manifestations across multiple organs. Antibody-producing B cells have long been appreciated to play a significant role in pSS pathogenesis, with a number of autoreactive antibody species having been identified to be elevated in pSS patients. While several studies have attempted to characterize the BCR repertoires of peripheral blood B cells in pSS patients, much remains unknown about the repertoire characteristics of gland-infiltrating B cells. METHODS Through paired scRNAseq and scBCRseq, we profiled the BCR repertoires of both infiltrating and circulating B cells in a small cohort of patients. We further utilize receptor reconstruction analyses to further investigate repertoire characteristics in a wider cohort of pSS patients previously profiled through RNAseq. RESULTS Via integrated BCR and transcriptome analysis of B cell clones, we generate a trajectory progression pattern for infiltrated memory B cells in pSS. We observe significant differences in BCR repertoires between the peripheral blood and labial gland B cells of pSS patients in terms of relative expansion, isotype usage, and BCR clustering. We further observe significant decreases in IgA2 isotype usage among pSS patient labial and parotid gland B cells these analyses relative to controls as well as a positive correlation between kappa/lambda light chain usage and clinical disease activity. CONCLUSIONS Through BCR repertoire analysis of pSS patient salivary glands, we identify a number of novel repertoire characteristics that may serve as useful indicators of clinical disease and disease activity. By collecting these BCR repertoires into an accessible database, we hope to also enable comparative analysis of patient repertoires in pSS and potentially other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinong Li
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Chengshun Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Qian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingshan Ni
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Zou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China.
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liyun Zou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China.
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Wang YH, Li W, McDermott M, Son GY, Maiti G, Zhou F, Tao A, Raphael D, Moreira AL, Shen B, Vaeth M, Nadorp B, Chakravarti S, Lacruz RS, Feske S. Regulatory T cells and IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576314. [PMID: 38328096 PMCID: PMC10849570 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Sjögren's Disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive dysfunction, inflammation and destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands, and by extraglandular manifestations. Its etiology and pathophysiology remain incompletely understood, though a role for autoreactive B cells has been considered key. Here, we investigated the role of effector and regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of SjD. Methods Histological analysis, RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry were conducted on glands, lungs, eyes and lymphoid tissues of mice with regulatory T cell-specific deletion of stromal interaction proteins (STIM) 1 and 2 ( Stim1/2 Foxp3 ), which play key roles in calcium signaling and T cell function. The pathogenicity of T cells from Stim1/2 Foxp3 mice was investigated through adoptively transfer into lymphopenic host mice. Additionally, single-cell transcriptomic analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with SjD and control subjects. Results Stim1/2 Foxp3 mice develop a severe SjD-like disorder including salivary gland (SG) and lacrimal gland (LG) inflammation and dysfunction, autoantibodies and extraglandular symptoms. SG inflammation in Stim1/2 Foxp3 mice is characterized by T and B cell infiltration, and transcriptionally by a Th1 immune response that correlates strongly with the dysregulation observed in patients with SjD. Adoptive transfer of effector T cells from Stim1/2 Foxp3 mice demonstrates that the SjD-like disease is driven by interferon (IFN)-γ producing autoreactive CD4 + T cells independently of B cells and autoantiboodies. scRNA-seq analysis identifies increased Th1 responses and attenuated memory Treg function in PBMCs of patients with SjD. Conclusions We report a more accurate mouse model of SjD while providing evidence for a critical role of Treg cells and IFN-γ producing Th1 cells in the pathogenesis of SjD, which may be effective targets for therapy.
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Zhou J, Pathak JL, Liu Q, Hu S, Cao T, Watanabe N, Huo Y, Li J. Modes and Mechanisms of Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Death in Sjogren's Syndrome. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300173. [PMID: 37409392 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease in middle and old-aged women with a dry mucosal surface, which is caused by the dysfunction of secretory glands, such as the oral cavity, eyeballs, and pharynx. Pathologically, Sjogren's syndrome are characterized by lymphocyte infiltration into the exocrine glands and epithelial cell destruction caused by autoantibodies Ro/SSA and La/SSB. At present, the exact pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome is unclear. Evidence suggests epithelial cell death and the subsequent dysfunction of salivary glands as the main causes of xerostomia. This review summarizes the modes of salivary gland epithelial cell death and their role in Sjogren's syndrome progression. The molecular mechanisms involved in salivary gland epithelial cell death during Sjogren's syndrome as potential leads to treating the disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Janak Lal Pathak
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Shilin Hu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Tingting Cao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yongliang Huo
- Experimental Animal Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
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Mieliauskaitė D, Kontenis V, Šiaurys A. Lessons from Animal Models in Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12995. [PMID: 37629175 PMCID: PMC10454747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a connective tissue disease characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical features, extending from a benign glandular disease to an aggressive systemic disorder and/or lymphoma. The pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is not completely understood, but it is assumed that pathogenesis of SS is multifactorial. The studies based on the animal models of SS provided significant insight in SS disease pathogenesis and management. The aim of this review is to summarize current studies on animal models with primary SS-like symptoms and discuss the impact of these studies on better understanding pathogenesis and management of Sjögren's syndrome. Databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane library were searched for summarizing studies on animal models in SS. Available data demonstrate that animal models are highly important for our understanding of SS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mieliauskaitė
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Experimental, Preventive and Clinical Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Vilius Kontenis
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Experimental, Preventive and Clinical Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Almantas Šiaurys
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Pathophysiology and Clinical Biomarkers in Interstitial Cystitis. Urol Clin North Am 2023; 50:39-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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An Q, Zhao J, Zhu X, Yang B, Wu Z, Su Y, Zhang L, Xu K, Ma D. Exploiting the role of T cells in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome for therapeutic treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995895. [PMID: 36389806 PMCID: PMC9650646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögrens syndrome (SS) is caused by autoantibodies that attack proprioceptive salivary and lacrimal gland tissues. Damage to the glands leads to dry mouth and eyes and affects multiple systems and organs. In severe cases, SS is life-threatening because it can lead to interstitial lung disease, renal insufficiency, and lymphoma. Histological examination of the labial minor salivary glands of patients with SS reveals focal lymphocyte aggregation of T and B cells. More studies have been conducted on the role of B cells in the pathogenesis of SS, whereas the role of T cells has only recently attracted the attention of researchers. This review focusses on the role of various populations of T cells in the pathogenesis of SS and the progress made in research to therapeutically targeting T cells for the treatment of patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Liu Y, Chen XQ, Wang F, Cheng B, Zhou G. Melatonin relieves Th17/CD4−CD8− T cells inflammatory responses via nuclear-receptor dependent manner in peripheral blood of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen Y, Dana R. Autoimmunity in dry eye disease - An updated review of evidence on effector and memory Th17 cells in disease pathogenicity. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102933. [PMID: 34509656 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The classic Th1/Th2 dogma has been significantly reshaped since the subsequent introduction of several new T helper cell subsets, among which the most intensively investigated during the last decade is the Th17 lineage that demonstrates critical pathogenic roles in autoimmunity and chronic inflammation - including the highly prevalent dry eye disease. In this review, we summarize current concepts of Th17-mediated disruption of ocular surface immune homeostasis that leads to autoimmune inflammatory dry eye disease, by discussing the induction, activation, differentiation, migration, and function of effector Th17 cells in disease development, highlighting the phenotypic and functional plasticity of Th17 lineage throughout the disease initiation, perpetuation and sustention. Furthermore, we emphasize the most recent advance in Th17 memory formation and function in the chronic course of dry eye disease, a major area to be better understood for facilitating the development of effective treatments in a broader field of autoimmune diseases that usually present a chronic course with recurrent episodes of flare in the target tissues or organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Studying Sjögren's syndrome in mice: What is the best available model? J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:245-255. [PMID: 33665074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of exocrine glands. The disease manifests primarily in the salivary and lacrimal glands, but other organs are also involved, leading to dry mouth, dry eyes, and other extra-glandular manifestations. Studying the disease in humans is entailed with many limitations and restrictions; therefore, the need for a proper mouse model is mandatory. SS mouse models are categorized, depending on the disease emergence into spontaneous or experimentally manipulated models. The usefulness of each mouse model varies depending on the SS features exhibited by that model; each SS model has advanced our understanding of the disease pathogenesis. In this review article, we list all the available murine models which have been used to study SS and we comment on the characteristics exhibited by each mouse model to assist scientists to select the appropriate model for their specific studies. We also recommend a murine strain that is the most relevant to the ideal SS model, based on our experience acquired during previous and current investigations.
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Yue X, Deng F, Chen J, Yin J, Zheng J, Chen Y, Huang Q, Gao X, Liu Z, Luo J, Müller A, Heidecke H, Riemekasten G, Petersen F, Yu X. Autoantibodies against C5aR1, C3aR1, CXCR3, and CXCR4 are decreased in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Mol Immunol 2021; 131:112-120. [PMID: 33446393 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Networks formed of numerous autoantibodies (aabs) directed against G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) have been suggested to play important role in autoimmune disorders. In present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between anti-GPCR antibodies and primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) to determine the potential pathogenic factors. METHODS By applying a cell membrane-based ELISA technique, which is capable of detecting aabs against conformational epitopes within GPCR, serum levels of fourteen GPCR were determined in well-characterized patients with pSS (n = 52) and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 54). Comparisons between groups were analyzed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test, Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. Spearman`s rank correlation coefficients were calculated between variables and visualized by heat map. RESULTS Compared to healthy subjects, sera of patients with pSS showed significantly higher binding to β2AR and ETAR, but lower binding to C5aR1, C3aR1, CXCR3, and CXCR4. Autoantibodies against C5aR1, C3aR1, CXCR3, and CXCR4 were also decreased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In pSS patients, levels of anti-CXCR3 and anti-CXCR4 antibodies were negatively correlated with circulating lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, correlation signatures of anti-GPCR antibodies changed dramatically in the patients with pulmonary involvement. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an association between pSS and autoantibodies recognizing GPCR, especially those functionally involved in immune cell migration and exocrine glandular secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Yue
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Fengyuan Deng
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Rheumatology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Junping Yin
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Junfeng Zheng
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, XinXiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, XinXiang, China
| | - Qiaoniang Huang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen University Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck & University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Antje Müller
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck & University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck & University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.
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Contributions of Major Cell Populations to Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9093057. [PMID: 32971904 PMCID: PMC7564211 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a female dominated autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into salivary and lacrimal glands and subsequent exocrine glandular dysfunction. SS also may exhibit a broad array of extraglandular manifestations including an elevated incidence of non-Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma. The etiology of SS remains poorly understood, yet progress has been made in identifying progressive stages of disease using preclinical mouse models. The roles played by immune cell subtypes within these stages of disease are becoming increasingly well understood, though significant gaps in knowledge still remain. There is evidence for distinct involvement from both innate and adaptive immune cells, where cells of the innate immune system establish a proinflammatory environment characterized by a type I interferon (IFN) signature that facilitates propagation of the disease by further activating T and B cell subsets to generate autoantibodies and participate in glandular destruction. This review will discuss the evidence for participation in disease pathogenesis by various classes of immune cells and glandular epithelial cells based upon data from both preclinical mouse models and human patients. Further examination of the contributions of glandular and immune cell subtypes to SS will be necessary to identify additional therapeutic targets that may lead to better management of the disease.
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Abe S, Tsuboi H, Kudo H, Asashima H, Ono Y, Honda F, Takahashi H, Yagishita M, Hagiwara S, Kondo Y, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-reactive Th17 cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135982. [PMID: 32614803 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) is one of the autoantigens associated with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and is localized in exocrine glands where disease-specific inflammation occurs. The inflammatory lesion is characterized by infiltration of CD4+ T cells, including clonally expanded Th17 cells. We undertook this study to identify circulating M3R-specific Th17 cells and to determine functional properties of those cells. Using the enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISpot) method, we identified M3R-reactive Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of patients with primary SS (pSS). Among 10 examined pSS patients, 10 healthy subjects (HS), and 5 IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) patients, M3R-reactive IL-17 secreting cells were significantly increased in 5 pSS patients specifically. The most common T cell epitope, which was analyzed and confirmed by coculture of isolated CD4+ T cells with antigen presenting cells plus M3R peptides in vitro, was peptide 83-95 of M3R. Peptide recognition was partly in an HLA-DR-restricted manner, confirmed by blocking assay. M3R-reactive Th17 cells positivity correlated with higher titers of anti-M3R antibodies, whose systemic disease activity score tended to be higher. Our studies highlight the role of tissue-specific autoantigen-derived circulating Th17 cells in pSS, for which further work might lead to antigen-specific targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Abe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hanae Kudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Ono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumika Honda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yagishita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Agha-Hosseini F, Moosavi MS, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Samami M. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in minor salivary gland tissues of patients with oral lichen planus: A case-control study. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:816-821. [PMID: 32744338 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common, chronic immunological and inflammatory condition. Many of the OLP patients complain of xerostomia. The M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (MR3) are the main receptors in the salivary glands responsible for water secretion into the saliva. This study aimed to assess the level of M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors in minor salivary glands of OLP patients. METHODS This case-control cross-sectional study evaluated 40 OLP patients and 22 controls. All participants completed two questionnaires (xerostomia and xerostomia inventory). Stimulated and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. The saliva flow rate was calculated by dividing the saliva volume (in milliliters) by time (in minutes). Six minor salivary glands were also surgically removed from the lower lip of patients and controls, and weighed using a digital scale with 10-4 g accuracy. They were then frozen at -80°C, and the level of M3 receptors of the glands was determined using the ELISA kit. RESULTS The unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rate was significantly lower in OLP patients. The xerostomia inventory score was significantly higher in the OLP group. The level of M3 muscarinic receptors in minor salivary glands of OLP patients was significantly higher than that in controls. CONCLUSIONS It may be concluded that the reduction in saliva flow significantly increases the number of M3 receptors in an attempt to compensate for this shortage and prevent xerostomia (compensatory upregulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Agha-Hosseini
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,The Academy of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran, Fellowship of Research Biology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh-Sadat Moosavi
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samami
- Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Gao Y, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yu X, Zheng J. Recent Advances in Mouse Models of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1158. [PMID: 32695097 PMCID: PMC7338666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a complex rheumatoid disease that mainly affects exocrine glands, resulting in xerostomia (dry mouth) and xerophthalmia (dry eye). SS is characterized by autoantibodies, infiltration into exocrine glands, and ectopic expression of MHC II molecules on glandular epithelial cells. In contrast to the well-characterized clinical and immunological features, the etiology and pathogenesis of SS remain largely unknown. Animal models are powerful research tools for elucidating the pathogenesis of human diseases. To date, many mouse models of SS, including induced models, in which disease is induced in mice, and genetic models, in which mice spontaneously develop SS-like disease, have been established. These mouse models have provided new insight into the pathogenesis of SS. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the field of experimental SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Gao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Junfeng Zheng
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Peptide-Based Vaccination Therapy for Rheumatic Diseases. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8060375. [PMID: 32258176 PMCID: PMC7104265 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8060375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are extremely heterogeneous diseases with substantial risks of morbidity and mortality, and there is a pressing need in developing more safe and cost-effective treatment strategies. Peptide-based vaccination is a highly desirable strategy in treating noninfection diseases, such as cancer and autoimmune diseases, and has gained increasing attentions. This review is aimed at providing a brief overview of the recent advances in peptide-based vaccination therapy for rheumatic diseases. Tremendous efforts have been made to develop effective peptide-based vaccinations against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), while studies in other rheumatic diseases are still limited. Peptide-based active vaccination against pathogenic cytokines such as TNF-α and interferon-α (IFN-α) is shown to be promising in treating RA or SLE. Moreover, peptide-based tolerogenic vaccinations also have encouraging results in treating RA or SLE. However, most studies available now have been mainly based on animal models, while evidence from clinical studies is still lacking. The translation of these advances from experimental studies into clinical therapy remains impeded by some obstacles such as species difference in immunity, disease heterogeneity, and lack of safe delivery carriers or adjuvants. Nevertheless, advances in high-throughput technology, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology may help overcome these impediments and facilitate the successful development of peptide-based vaccination therapy for rheumatic diseases.
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Ono Y, Tsuboi H, Moriyama M, Asashima H, Kudo H, Takahashi H, Honda F, Abe S, Kondo Y, Takahashi S, Matsumoto I, Nakamura S, Sumida T. RORγt antagonist improves Sjögren's syndrome-like sialadenitis through downregulation of CD25. Oral Dis 2020; 26:766-777. [PMID: 31837283 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reported previously that T-cell-specific RORγt-transgenic mice under human CD2 promoter (RORγt-Tg mice) developed severe spontaneous Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-like sialadenitis, induced by RORγt-overexpressing CD4+ T cells and reduced regulatory T cells. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of A213, a RORγt antagonist, in RORγt-Tg mice with SS-like sialadenitis. METHODS Six-week-old RORγt-Tg mice were administered orally of A213 or phosphate-buffered saline every 3 days for 2 weeks. We analyzed saliva volume, histopathology of salivary glands, populations of T cells in splenocytes and cervical lymph nodes (cLNs), and the protein expression levels of CD69 on CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3- and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ cells in cLNs. We also investigated in vitro the potential immunomechanisms of action of A213. RESULTS A213 significantly increased saliva volume, reduced mononuclear cell infiltration in salivary glands, and reduced the focus score of sialadenitis. Analysis of the immunomechanisms using cLNs showed A213 significantly reduced the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ /CD4+ T cells and the protein expression levels of CD69 on CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3- cells. In vitro experiments showed that A213 suppressed CD25 expression on CD4+ T cells and reduced IL-2 production from CD4+ T cells derived from RORγt-Tg mice. CONCLUSION A213 improves SS-like sialadenitis through the inhibition of CD4+ CD25+ cells in cLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Moriyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hanae Kudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumika Honda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saori Abe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kudo H, Tsuboi H, Asashima H, Takahashi H, Ono Y, Abe S, Honda F, Kondo Y, Wakasa Y, Takaiwa F, Takano M, Matsui M, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. Transgenic rice seeds expressing altered peptide ligands against the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor suppress experimental sialadenitis-like Sjögren's syndrome. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 30:884-893. [PMID: 31490711 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1664368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We previously reported that Rag1-/- mice inoculated with splenocytes from M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) knockout mice immunized with an M3R peptide mixture developed sialadenitis-like Sjögren's syndrome (M3R-induced sialadenitis [MIS]). We also found that intravenous administration of altered peptide ligand (APL) of N-terminal 1 (N1), which is one of the T-cell epitopes of M3R, suppressed MIS. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the suppressive ability and its mechanisms of rice seeds expressing N1-APL7 against MIS.Methods: Rice seeds expressing N1 and N1-APL7 were orally administered to MIS mice for 2 weeks. The changes in saliva flow and sialadenitis (salivary gland inflammation) were analyzed. The M3R-specific T-cell response in the spleen and the expression of regulatory molecules in the cervical lymph nodes and mesenteric lymph nodes were also analyzed.Results: Oral administration of N1-APL7-expressing rice seeds significantly recovered reduction in saliva flow and suppressed sialadenitis when compared with treatment with nontransgenic rice seeds and N1 rice seeds. IFNγ production from M3R-reactive T cells tended to decline in the N1-APL7 rice-treated group as compared with those in the other groups. In the N1-APL7 rice-treated group, the mRNA expression levels of Foxp3 in the cervical-lymph-node CD4+ T cells were higher than those in the other groups.Conclusion: Oral administration of N1-APL7-expressing rice suppressed MIS via suppression of M3R-specific IFNγ and IL-17 production and via enhancement of regulatory molecule expression.Key messagesWe generated N1-peptide- or N1-APL7-expressing rice seeds. Oral administration of N1-APL7-expressing rice seeds significantly recovered the reduction of saliva flow and suppressed sialadenitis via the suppression of M3R specific IFNγ and IL-17 production and via enhancement of regulatory T (Treg) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Kudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Ono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saori Abe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumika Honda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumio Takaiwa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Takano
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Odani
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A. Chiorini
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Gao CY, Yao Y, Li L, Yang SH, Chu H, Tsuneyama K, Li XM, Gershwin ME, Lian ZX. Tissue-Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells Acting as Mediators of Salivary Gland Damage in a Murine Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 71:121-132. [PMID: 30035379 DOI: 10.1002/art.40676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although a role for CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) has been documented, the pathogenic significance of CD8+ T cells is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CD8+ T cells in the development of SS. METHODS Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analyses were utilized to detect T cell infiltration within the labial salivary glands of patients with primary SS. In parallel, p40-/- CD25-/- mice were used as a murine model of SS. In addition, mice with genetic knockout of CD4, CD8a, or interferon-γ (IFNγ) were crossed with p40-/- CD25-/- mice to study the pathogenic significance of specific lineage subpopulations, including functional salivary gland tests as well as histopathologic and serologic data. A CD8+ T cell-specific depletion antibody was used in this murine SS model to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic strategy. RESULTS CD8+ T cells with a tissue-resident memory phenotype outnumbered CD4+ T cells in the labial salivary glands of patients with SS, and were primarily colocalized with salivary duct epithelial cells and acinar cells. Furthermore, infiltrating CD8+ T cells with a CD69+CD103+/- tissue-resident phenotype and with a significant elevation of IFNγ production were dominant in the submandibular glands of mice in this murine SS model. CD8a knockout abrogated the development of SS in these mice. Knockout of IFNγ decreased CD8+ T cell infiltration and gland destruction. More importantly, depletion of CD8+ T cells fully protected mice against the pathologic manifestations of SS, even after the onset of disease. CONCLUSION These data reveal the pathogenic significance of CD8+ T cells in the development and progression of SS in the salivary glands. Treatment directed against CD8+ T cells may be a rational therapy for the management of SS in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yue Gao
- Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, and Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, and Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, and Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Han Yang
- Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, and Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chu
- Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Institute of Health Biosciences and University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, and Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Modulation of Apoptosis by Cytotoxic Mediators and Cell-Survival Molecules in Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082369. [PMID: 30103522 PMCID: PMC6121505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) involves multiple factors including genetic background, cell death, and exocrine dysfunction. We here discuss apoptotic control in exocrine glands in SS by showing various pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways. Although the membrane-bound and soluble form of the Fas/Fas ligand system is a leading player with activation of the death domain and caspase 8/3 cleavage, the role of soluble Fas/FasL (including its polymorphism) in apoptosis is controversial. The tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis of salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) involves a mitochondrial pathway that includes caspase 9 cleavage. The involvement of innate immunity cells such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been investigated; TLR2-4 and TLR7-9 are associated with the induction of inflammation in exocrine glands of SS patients. TLR3 has the potential to induce the apoptosis of SS patients’ SGECs. Linkage of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was shown in exocrine glands in SS, and it inhibited the Fas/FasL system with the help of cell-survival factors. TLR3 has dual actions to cause inflammation as well as apoptosis, which are inhibited by EGF. In conclusion, apoptosis in exocrine glands of SS patients is tightly controlled by balance of pro-apoptotic signals and growth factor.
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Abstract
Autoimmune disorders are characterized by a loss of immune tolerance and consequent autoimmunity-mediated disease manifestation. Experimental models are invaluable research tools helping us to understand disease pathogenesis and to search for novel therapeutics. Animal models of autoimmune diseases consist of two groups, spontaneous and induced models. In this review article, we focus on the induced models of autoimmune diseases. Due to the complex nature of autoimmune disorders, many strategies have been applied for the induction of corresponding experimental models in animals like monkeys, rabbits, rats, and mice. Methodologically, these strategies can be categorized into three categories, namely immunization with autoantigen, transfer of autoimmunity, and induction by environmental factors. In this review article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of induced experimental autoimmune diseases. On the one hand, we describe and summarize the different strategies used for induction of experimental autoimmune disease. On the other hand, we discuss how to select a strategy for modeling human disease, including the choice of an appropriate species and method for such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Yu
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany; Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Frank Petersen
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany
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22
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Iizuka-Koga M, Asashima H, Ando M, Lai CY, Mochizuki S, Nakanishi M, Nishimura T, Tsuboi H, Hirota T, Takahashi H, Matsumoto I, Otsu M, Sumida T. Functional Analysis of Dendritic Cells Generated from T-iPSCs from CD4+ T Cell Clones of Sjögren's Syndrome. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 8:1155-1163. [PMID: 28494936 PMCID: PMC5425788 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is important to clarify the pathogenic functions of T cells in human samples, their examination is often limited due to difficulty in obtaining sufficient numbers of dendritic cells (DCs), used as antigen-presenting cells, especially in autoimmune diseases. We describe the generation of DCs from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from T cells (T-iPSCs). We reprogrammed CD4+ T cell clones from a patient with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) into iPSCs, which were differentiated into DCs (T-iPS-DCs). T-iPS-DCs had dendritic cell-like morphology, and expressed CD11c, HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, and also BDCA-3. Compared with monocyte-derived DCs, the capacity for antigen processing was similar, and T-iPS-DCs induced the proliferative response of autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we could evaluate T cell functions of the patient with SS. In conclusion, we obtained adequate numbers of DCs from T-iPSCs, which could be used to characterize pathogenic T cells in autoimmune diseases such as SS. Dendritic cells were generated from iPSCs derived from CD4+ T cells (T-iPS-DCs) Adequate numbers of functional DCs were generated from a small blood sample The comparison between T-iPS-DCs and monocyte-derived DCs was evaluated The functional assays of T cells in Sjögren's syndrome were analyzed by T-iPS-DCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Iizuka-Koga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Miki Ando
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Chen-Yi Lai
- Division of Stem Cell Processing/Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shinji Mochizuki
- Division of Stem Cell Processing/Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Otsu
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Processing/Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
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Verstappen GM, Corneth OB, Bootsma H, Kroese FG. Th17 cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome: Pathogenicity and plasticity. J Autoimmun 2018; 87:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Xuan J, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Qian H, He Y, Shi G. Investigation of autoantibodies to SP-1 in Chinese patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Immunol 2017; 188:58-63. [PMID: 29292085 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate autoantibody to SP-1 as an early biomarker in pSS, we investigated autoantibody to SP-1 in Chinese patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Autoantibodies to SP-1 are significantly increased in pSS patients compared to RA patients, SLE patients, and healthy people without secondary SS. The presence of anti SP-1 antibodies was negatively correlated with the focus score (FS), RF, and salivary gland function. It was positively correlated with FS=0, RF≤20, and normal salivary gland function. In further studies, the autoantigen SP-1 was identified in ductal epithelia of salivary glands in il14α TG mice by IIF. SP-1 mRNAs expression increased with growing age in il14α TG mice. SP-1 mRNA was also identified in labial biopsies of patients with pSS. In conclusion, autoantibody to SP-1 is an early marker in pSS. It is useful to diagnose pSS patients who lack RF or antibodies to Ro/La.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiu Xuan
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Yingling Xiong
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Hongyan Qian
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Guixiu Shi
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China.
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Zheng J, Huang Q, Huang R, Deng F, Yue X, Yin J, Zhao W, Chen Y, Wen L, Zhou J, Huang R, Riemekasten G, Liu Z, Petersen F, Yu X. B Cells Are Indispensable for a Novel Mouse Model of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1384. [PMID: 29118759 PMCID: PMC5661054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is characterized by a panel of autoantibodies, while it is not clear whether B cells and autoantibodies play an essential role in pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we report a novel mouse model for pSS which is induced by immunization with the Ro60_316-335 peptide containing a predominant T cell epitope. After immunization, mice developed several symptoms mimicking pSS, including a decreased secretion of tears, lymphocytic infiltration into the lacrimal glands, autoantibodies, and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Disease susceptibility to this novel mouse model varies among strains, where C3H/HeJ (H2-k) and C3H/HeN (H2-k) are susceptible while DBA/1 (H2-q) and C57BL/6 (H2-b) are resistant. Depletion of B cells using anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies prevented C3H/HeN mice from development of the pSS-like disease. In addition, HLA-DRB1*0803, a pSS risk allele, was predicted to bind to the hRo60_308-328 which contains a predominant T cell epitope of human Ro60. Therefore, this study provides a novel mouse model for pSS and reveals an indispensable role of B cells in this model. Moreover, it suggests that T cell epitope within Ro60 antigen is potentially pathogenic for pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zheng
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, XinXiang, China
| | - Qiaoniang Huang
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Renliang Huang
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fengyuan Deng
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yue
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Junping Yin
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lifang Wen
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Renda Huang
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, XinXiang, China.,Department of Rheumatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, The Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
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Bron AJ, de Paiva CS, Chauhan SK, Bonini S, Gabison EE, Jain S, Knop E, Markoulli M, Ogawa Y, Perez V, Uchino Y, Yokoi N, Zoukhri D, Sullivan DA. TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:438-510. [PMID: 28736340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is evaporative water loss leading to hyperosmolar tissue damage. Research in human disease and in animal models has shown that this, either directly or by inducing inflammation, causes a loss of both epithelial and goblet cells. The consequent decrease in surface wettability leads to early tear film breakup and amplifies hyperosmolarity via a Vicious Circle. Pain in dry eye is caused by tear hyperosmolarity, loss of lubrication, inflammatory mediators and neurosensory factors, while visual symptoms arise from tear and ocular surface irregularity. Increased friction targets damage to the lids and ocular surface, resulting in characteristic punctate epithelial keratitis, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, filamentary keratitis, lid parallel conjunctival folds, and lid wiper epitheliopathy. Hybrid dry eye disease, with features of both aqueous deficiency and increased evaporation, is common and efforts should be made to determine the relative contribution of each form to the total picture. To this end, practical methods are needed to measure tear evaporation in the clinic, and similarly, methods are needed to measure osmolarity at the tissue level across the ocular surface, to better determine the severity of dry eye. Areas for future research include the role of genetic mechanisms in non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye, the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Bron
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute & Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Bonini
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric E Gabison
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild & Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erich Knop
- Departments of Cell and Neurobiology and Ocular Surface Center Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Victor Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yuichi Uchino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Driss Zoukhri
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute & Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Peck AB, Nguyen CQ. What can Sjögren's syndrome-like disease in mice contribute to human Sjögren's syndrome? Clin Immunol 2017; 182:14-23. [PMID: 28478104 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and Sjögren's syndrome-like (SS-like) disease in patients and mouse models, respectively, have been intensely investigated in attempts to identify the underlying etiologies, the pathophysiological changes defining disease phenotypes, the nature of the autoimmune responses, and the propensity for developing B cell lymphomas. An emerging question is whether the generation of a multitude of mouse models and the data obtained from their studies is actually important to the understanding of the human disease and potential interventional therapies. In this brief report, we comment on how and why mouse models can stimulate interest in specific lines of research that apparently parallel aspects of human SS. Focusing on two mouse models, NOD and B6·Il14α, we present the possible relevance of mouse models to human SS, highlighting a few selected disease-associated biological processes that have baffled both SS and SS-like investigations for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B Peck
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, FL 32608, USA
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28
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Zhou J, Kawai T, Yu Q. Pathogenic role of endogenous TNF-α in the development of Sjögren's-like sialadenitis and secretory dysfunction in non-obese diabetic mice. J Transl Med 2017; 97:458-467. [PMID: 28067896 PMCID: PMC5376226 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands, exhibit enhanced TNF-α expression in the saliva and salivary glands. However, the precise in vivo role of TNF-α during the initiation and development of SS is not clearly defined. The present study is undertaken to determine the function of endogenously produced TNF-α in the pathogenesis of SS in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model of this human disease. Administration of a neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibody to female NOD mice during the stage prior to disease onset significantly improved salivary secretion, indicating a remission of clinical symptoms of SS. TNF-α blockade also decreased the number of leukocyte foci and reduced the number of T cells and B cells in the submandibular glands (SMG). Moreover, TNF-α blockade reduced T-bet protein levels in the SMG, suggesting a decrease in T helper 1 and T cytotoxic 1 cells. These cellular changes induced by TNF-α neutralization were associated with a reduction in T- and B-cell chemoattractants CXCL9 and CXC13. In addition, TNF-α blockade markedly increased the expression level of tight junction protein claudin-1 and water channel protein aquaporin-5, two key factors required for normal salivary secretion, in the SMG. Collectively, these findings indicate that endogenous TNF-α has a pathogenic role in the development of SS in the NOD model of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qing Yu
- Address for correspondence and reprint requests: Corresponding Author: Qing Yu, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, Tel: 617-892-8310,
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Insight into pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome: Dissection on autoimmune infiltrates and epithelial cells. Clin Immunol 2017; 182:30-40. [PMID: 28330683 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with broad clinical spectrum, extending from benign exocrinopathy to severe systemic disease and lymphoma development. The glandular and extraglandular dysfunction of SS is associated with lymphocytic infiltrates that invade the epithelial structures of affected organs. The in-depth study of autoimmune lesions in the minor salivary glands (MSG), which are the major target-organ of SS responses, revealed that the lymphocytic infiltrates vary in severity and composition among SS-patients, are full-blown at diagnosis and remain unchanged thereafter. Although the pathogenetic pathways underlying SS have not yet elucidated, it is well-established that glandular epithelial cells are central regulators of local autoimmune responses. Moreover, chronic inflammation affects epithelial function and phenotype, which strengthens or weakens their immunoregulatory/secretory function, leading to deterioration of autoimmune phenomena. Herein, the current findings regarding the autoimmune lesions, the role of epithelial cells and their interaction with infiltrating lymphocytic cells are discussed.
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30
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Sexual dimorphic function of IL-17 in salivary gland dysfunction of the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 model of Sjögren's syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38717. [PMID: 27958291 PMCID: PMC5153841 DOI: 10.1038/srep38717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 is one of the critical inflammatory cytokines that plays a direct role in development of Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS), a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a progressive chronic attack against the exocrine glands. The expression levels of IL-17 are correlated with a number of essential clinical parameters such as focus score and disease duration in human patients. Significantly immunological differences of Th17 cells were detected at the onset of clinical disease in female SjS mice compared to males. To further define the role of IL-17 in SjS and elucidate its involvement in the sexual dimorphism, we examined the systemic effect of IL-17 by genetically ablating Il-17 in the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2, spontaneous SjS murine model. The results indicate that IL-17 is a potent inflammatory molecule in the induction of chemoattractants, cytokines, and glandular apoptosis in males and females. Elimination of IL-17 reduced sialadenitis more drastically in females than males. IL-17 is highly involved in modulating Th2 cytokines and altering autoantibody profiles which has a greater impact on changing plasma cells and germinal center B cell populations in females than males. The result supports a much more important role for IL-17 and demonstrates the sexual dimorphic function of IL-17 in SjS.
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Tahara M, Tsuboi H, Segawa S, Asashima H, Iizuka-Koga M, Hirota T, Takahashi H, Kondo Y, Matsui M, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. RORγt antagonist suppresses M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-induced Sjögren's syndrome-like sialadenitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:213-224. [PMID: 27643385 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We showed recently that M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R)-reactive CD3+ T cells play a pathogenic role in the development of murine autoimmune sialadenitis (MIS), which mimics Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and mechanism of action of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-gamma t (RORγt) antagonist (A213) in MIS. Splenocytes from M3R knockout (M3R-/- ) mice immunized with murine M3R peptide mixture were inoculated into recombination-activating gene 1 knockout (Rag-1-/- ) mice (M3R-/- →Rag-1-/- ) with MIS. Immunized M3R-/- mice (pretransfer treatment) and M3R-/- →Rag-1-/- mice (post-transfer treatment) were treated with A213 every 3 days. Salivary volume, severity of sialadenitis and cytokine production from M3R peptide-stimulated splenocytes and lymph node cells were examined. Effects of A213 on cytokine production were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and on T helper type 1 (Th1), Th17 and Th2 differentiation from CD4+ T cells by flow cytometry. Pretransfer A213 treatment maintained salivary volume, improved MIS and reduced interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 production significantly compared with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (P < 0·05). These suppressive effects involved CD4+ T cells rather than CD11c+ cells. Post-transfer treatment with A213 increased salivary volume (P < 0·05), suppressed MIS (P < 0·005) and reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 production (P < 0·05). In vitro, A213 suppressed IFN-γ and IL-17 production from M3R-stimulated splenocytes and CD4+ T cells of immunized M3R-/- mice (P < 0·05). In contrast with M3R specific responses, A213 suppressed only IL-17 production from Th17 differentiated CD4+ T cells without any effect on Th1 and Th2 differentiation in vitro. Our findings suggested that RORγt antagonism is potentially suitable treatment strategy for SS-like sialadenitis through suppression of IL-17 and IFN-γ production by M3R-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tahara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
| | - H Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
| | - S Segawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
| | - H Asashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
| | - M Iizuka-Koga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
| | - T Hirota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
| | - Y Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
| | - M Matsui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fureai Higashitotsuka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - I Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
| | - T Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
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Zuo J, Williams AEG, Park YJ, Choi K, Chan AL, Reeves WH, Bubb MR, Lee YJ, Park K, Stewart CM, Cha S. Muscarinic type 3 receptor autoantibodies are associated with anti-SSA/Ro autoantibodies in Sjögren's syndrome. J Immunol Methods 2016; 437:28-36. [PMID: 27460476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Anti-muscarinic type 3 receptor autoantibodies (anti-M3R) are reported as potential inhibitors of saliva secretion in Sjögren's syndrome (SjS). However, despite extensive efforts to establish an anti-M3R detection method, there is no clinical test available for these autoantibodies. The purpose of this study was to propose inclusion of anti-M3R testing for SjS diagnosis through investigation of their prevalence using a modified In-Cell Western (ICW) assay. A stable cell line expressing human M3R tagged with GFP (M3R-GFP) was established to screen unadsorbed and adsorbed plasma from primary SjS (n=24), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=18), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n=18), and healthy controls (HC, n=23). Anti-M3R abundance was determined by screening for the intensity of human IgG interacting with M3R-GFP cells by ICW assay, as detected by an anti-human IgG IRDye800-conjugated secondary antibody and normalized to GFP. Method comparisons and receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC)-curve analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of our current approaches. Furthermore, clinical parameters of SjS were also analyzed in association with anti-M3R. Anti-M3R was significantly elevated in SjS plasma in comparison with HC, SLE, or RA (P<0.01). SjS anti-M3R intensities were greater than two-standard deviations above the HC mean for both unadsorbed (16/24, 66.67%) and adsorbed (18/24, 75%) plasma samples. Furthermore, anti-M3R was associated with anti-SjS-related-antigen A/Ro positivity (P=0.0353). Linear associations for anti-M3R intensity indicated positive associations with focus score (R(2)=0.7186, P<0.01) and negative associations with saliva flow rate (R(2)=0.3052, P<0.05). Our study strongly supports our rationale to propose inclusion of anti-M3R for further testing as a non-invasive serological marker for SjS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zuo
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adrienne E G Williams
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yun-Jong Park
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin Choi
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Annie L Chan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael R Bubb
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Carol M Stewart
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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33
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Muscarinic cholinergic receptors (MR3) in saliva of patients with oral lichen planus. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:481-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Park YS, Gauna AE, Cha S. Mouse Models of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:2350-64. [PMID: 25777752 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150316120024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by immune cell infiltration and progressive injury to the salivary and lacrimal glands. As a consequence, patients with SjS develop xerostomia (dry mouth) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes). SjS is the third most common rheumatic autoimmune disorder, affecting 4 million Americans with over 90% of patients being female. Current diagnostic criteria for SjS frequently utilize histological examinations of minor salivary glands for immune cell foci, serology for autoantibodies, and dry eye evaluation by corneal or conjunctival staining. SjS can be classified as primary or secondary SjS, depending on whether it occurs alone or in association with other systemic rheumatic conditions, respectively. Clinical manifestations typically become apparent when the disease is relatively advanced in SjS patients, which poses a challenge for early diagnosis and treatment of SjS. Therefore, SjS mouse models, because of their close resemblance to the human SjS, have been extremely valuable to identify early disease markers and to investigate underlying biological and immunological dysregulations. However, it is important to bear in mind that no single mouse model has duplicated all aspects of SjS pathogenesis and clinical features, mainly due to the multifactorial etiology of SjS that includes numerous susceptibility genes and environmental factors. As such, various mouse models have been developed in the field to try to recapitulate SjS. In this review, we focus on recent mouse models of primary SjS xerostomia and describe them under three categories of spontaneous, genetically engineered, and experimentally induced models. In addition, we discuss future perspectives highlighting pros and cons of utilizing mouse models and current demands for improved models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL32610, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sjögren's syndrome affects exocrine glands leading to a dry mouth and dry eyes. Dry eye manifestations can precede the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome by many years. Innumerous spontaneous and inducible Sjögren's syndrome models have been used to study the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. This review focuses on recent human data, ocular and extraglandular manifestations of animal models, what is known, what is still unknown and how we need to look, and their correlation correspondence to human disease. RECENT FINDINGS Hallmarks of dry eye in Sjögren's syndrome include increased corneal staining, goblet cell loss and low tear volume. Confocal microscopy and impression cytology are able to clarify new markers of the ocular disease. Extraglandular manifestations should be an alert more severe complications in the eye. Some models have strong sex and exocrine gland predilection, whereas aging generally worsens the disease phenotype. Although most models do not display a significant increase in corneal staining or tear secretion impairment, conjunctival infiltration and decrease in goblet cells are frequently seen. SUMMARY We have seen great advances in the role of inflammation in ocular, oral and extra-glandular manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome. Several mechanisms and mediators of Sjögren's syndrome have been elucidated in animal model studies.
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Autoantibodies against the Second Extracellular Loop of M3R Do neither Induce nor Indicate Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149485. [PMID: 26901532 PMCID: PMC4765836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Anti-muscarinic acetylcholine type-3 receptor (anti-M3R) autoantibodies have been suggested to be pathogenic for primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), and the second extracellular loop of M3R is suspected to carry a disease-promoting epitope. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of autoantibodies against peptides derived from the second extracellular loop of M3R in mice and to determine whether those autoantibodies could be used as biomarker for pSS. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with modified linear or cyclic peptides of the second extracellular loop of M3R. The function of exocrine glands was evaluated by measuring the secretion of saliva and tears. The histological evaluations were performed by using H&E staining or direct immunofluorescence staining. Autoantibodies against linear or cyclic peptides of the second extracellular loop of M3R in human and mice were determined using ELISA. Results Immunization induced mice to produce autoantibodies against the linear or cyclic peptides of the second extracellular loop of M3R, and those autoantibodies could bind onto salivary glands. However, those mice showed neither impairment in the secretion of tears or saliva nor histological abnormality in the exocrine glands. Furthermore, passive transfer of the IgG isolated from the immunized mice into healthy mice did not induced the dysfunction of the exocrine glands. The prevalence of autoantibodies against the peptides of the second extracellular loop of M3R was low in pSS patients, and it did not differ significantly from that in healthy controls. Conclusions Our results suggest that the autoantibodies against peptides of the second extracellular loop of M3R are not pathogenic in vivo and they are not suitable as biomarkers for pSS diagnosis.
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Yang L, Wang Y, Xing R, Bai L, Li C, Li Z, Liu X. Mimotope mimicking epidermal growth factor receptor alleviates mononuclear cell infiltration in exocrine glands induced by muscarinic acetylcholine 3 receptor. Clin Immunol 2016; 163:111-9. [PMID: 26794912 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Characterization of the crosstalk between M3R and EGFR has been investigated in some human malignancies. In the current study, we sought to investigate whether EGFR mimic immunization could alleviate the abnormal immune responses in an experimental SS-like model triggered by M3R peptides. After immunization with the combination of mimotope and M3R peptide, the active immunization targeting EGFR induced by the mimotope could reduce the marked infiltration of mononuclear cells, the high titer of antibodies against M3R and the accumulation of crucial pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice immunized with M3R peptide. Mechanistic analysis showed that mimotope immunization could alleviate the autoimmune response through inhibiting mitochondrion-mediated anti-apoptosis and up-regulating the FAS apoptosis pathway. These results may help to clarify the role of M3R in the pathogenesis of SS and suggested that transactivation of the EGFR signaling pathway may help M3R activate the autoimmune response in the pathogenesis of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, No.41, LinYin Road, Baotou 014010, PR China
| | - Rui Xing
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, No.41, LinYin Road, Baotou 014010, PR China
| | - Changhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiangyuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, HuaYuan (North) Road, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Asashima H, Tsuboi H, Takahashi H, Hirota T, Iizuka M, Kondo Y, Matsui M, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. The anergy induction of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-reactive CD4+ T cells suppresses experimental sialadenitis-like Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2213-25. [PMID: 25891013 DOI: 10.1002/art.39163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoreactive CD4+ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The aim of the present study was to clarify the dominant T cell epitopes of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) and to establish a new antigen-specific therapy for SS using an experimental mouse model. METHODS Production of cytokines from M3R-reactive CD4+ T cells, after culture with various M3R peptides, was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adoptive cell transfer was performed using splenocytes from M3R(-/-) mice that were immunized with M3R peptides or phosphate buffered saline plus H37Ra as a control. Rag1(-/-) mice were inoculated with the splenocytes and examined for the development of sialadenitis. Altered peptide ligands (APLs) of the T cell epitopes, with substitutions in amino acid residues at T cell receptor contact sites, were synthesized, and the ability of the APLs to suppress sialadenitis was evaluated. The mechanisms underlying such effects were assessed. RESULTS CD4+ M3R-reactive T cells produced interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) in response to the N-terminal 1 (N1) and 1st extracellular loop peptides of M3R, and Rag1(-/-) mice that received N1- and/or 1st peptide-immunized splenocytes developed sialadenitis. Among the designed APLs, N1-APL7 (N→S at amino acid 15) significantly suppressed IFNγ production in vitro, and also suppressed sialadenitis in vivo. Levels of early growth response 2 in CD4+ T cells from the cervical lymph nodes of N1-APL7-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control mice, and cell proliferation was reversed by administration of exogenous IL-2. Levels of the anergy-related molecules itchy homolog E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, Casitas B-lineage lymphoma b, gene related to anergy in lymphocytes, and Deltex-1 were significantly higher in CD4+ T cells cultured with N1-APL7. CONCLUSION The major T cell epitopes were from the N1 and 1st peptide regions. Moreover, N1-APL7, selected as the antagonistic APL in vitro, also suppressed sialadenitis through the induction of anergy. This is a potentially useful strategy for regulating pathogenic T cell infiltration in SS.
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Iizuka M, Tsuboi H, Matsuo N, Asashima H, Hirota T, Kondo Y, Iwakura Y, Takahashi S, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. A crucial role of RORγt in the development of spontaneous Sialadenitis-like Sjögren's syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:56-67. [PMID: 25411202 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt is required for the generation of Th17 cells, which are involved in various autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, the pathological role of RORγt in SS remains to be elucidated. The present study was designed to clarify the role of RORγt in the pathogenesis of sialadenitis-like SS. Histological analysis of RORγt transgenic (Tg) mice was determined, and then Tg mice developed severe spontaneous sialadenitis-like SS. The analysis of infiltrating cells showed that most infiltrating cells were CD4(+) T cells. RORγt-overexpressing CD4(+) T cells induced sialadenitis as a result of transferred CD4(+) T cells from Tg mice into Rag2(-/-) mice. The examination of IL-17-deficient Tg mice indicated that IL-17 was not essential for the development of sialadenitis. The number of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells was significantly decreased in Tg mice, and CD25 expression and IL-2 stimulated STAT5 activation were inhibited in Treg cells. The inhibitory function of Treg cells of Tg mice was equal to that of wild-type mice in vitro. The abundant Treg cells of Tg mice could suppress the development of sialadenitis, but the reduced Treg cells of Tg mice could not inhibit the induction of sialadenitis in Rag2(-/-) mice transferred with effector cells from Tg mice. These results suggest that both RORγt-overexpressed CD4(+) T cells and reduced Treg cells might contribute to the development of SS-like sialadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Iizuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; and
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan;
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Kern J, Drutel R, Leanhart S, Bogacz M, Pacholczyk R. Reduction of T cell receptor diversity in NOD mice prevents development of type 1 diabetes but not Sjögren's syndrome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112467. [PMID: 25379761 PMCID: PMC4224485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice are well-established models of independently developing spontaneous autoimmune diseases, Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). The key determining factor for T1D is the strong association with particular MHCII molecule and recognition by diabetogenic T cell receptor (TCR) of an insulin peptide presented in the context of I-Ag7 molecule. For SS the association with MHCII polymorphism is weaker and TCR diversity involved in the onset of the autoimmune phase of SS remains poorly understood. To compare the impact of TCR diversity reduction on the development of both diseases we generated two lines of TCR transgenic NOD mice. One line expresses transgenic TCRβ chain originated from a pathogenically irrelevant TCR, and the second line additionally expresses transgenic TCRαmini locus. Analysis of TCR sequences on NOD background reveals lower TCR diversity on Treg cells not only in the thymus, but also in the periphery. This reduction in diversity does not affect conventional CD4+ T cells, as compared to the TCRmini repertoire on B6 background. Interestingly, neither transgenic TCRβ nor TCRmini mice develop diabetes, which we show is due to lack of insulin B:9–23 specific T cells in the periphery. Conversely SS develops in both lines, with full glandular infiltration, production of autoantibodies and hyposalivation. It shows that SS development is not as sensitive to limited availability of TCR specificities as T1D, which suggests wider range of possible TCR/peptide/MHC interactions driving autoimmunity in SS.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Genetic Variation/immunology
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Salivary Glands/immunology
- Salivary Glands/metabolism
- Sjogren's Syndrome/genetics
- Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Xerostomia/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kern
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert Drutel
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Silvia Leanhart
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marek Bogacz
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rafal Pacholczyk
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
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Yang L, Bai L, Wei F, Pang C, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu X. Autoantibodies against interferon-γ reduce the frequency of pulmonary fibrosis and concentration of C-reactive protein in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 25:325-7. [PMID: 25036231 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.934418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , P. R. China
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Donate A, Voigt A, Nguyen CQ. The value of animal models to study immunopathology of primary human Sjögren's syndrome symptoms. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:469-81. [PMID: 24506531 PMCID: PMC5769146 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.883920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a complex chronic autoimmune disease of multifactorial etiology that results in eventual loss of secretory function in the exocrine glands. The challenges towards finding a therapeutic prevention or treatment for SjS are due primarily to a lack of understanding in the pathophysiological and clinical progression of the disease. In order to circumnavigate this problem, there is a need for appropriate animal models that resemble the major phenotypes of human SjS and deliver a clear underlying biological or molecular mechanism capable of defining various aspects for the disease. Here, we present an overview of SjS mouse models that are providing insight into the autoimmune process of SjS and advance our focus on potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Donate
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16 Ave, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Alexandria Voigt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16 Ave, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Cuong Q. Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16 Ave, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Iizuka M, Tsuboi H, Asashima H, Hirota T, Kondo Y, Matsui M, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor reactive IL-17 producing T cells promotes development of Sjögren's syndrome like sialadenitis. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 25:158-60. [PMID: 24593169 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.884683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mana Iizuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
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Lin X, Rui K, Deng J, Tian J, Wang X, Wang S, Ko KH, Jiao Z, Chan VSF, Lau CS, Cao X, Lu L. Th17 cells play a critical role in the development of experimental Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1302-10. [PMID: 24573745 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although Th17 cells have been increasingly recognised as an important effector in various autoimmune diseases, their function in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) remains largely uncharacterised. This study aims to determine the role of Th17 cells in the development of experimental SS (ESS). METHODS The ESS was induced in wildtype and IL-17A knockout (IL-17 KO) C57BL/6 mice immunised with salivary glands (SG) proteins. Phenotypic analysis of immune cells in the draining cervical lymph nodes (CLN) and SG was performed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. To determine the role of Th17 cells in ESS, immunised IL-17 KO mice were adoptively transferred with in vitro-generated Th17 cells and monitored for SS development. The salivary flow rate was measured, whereas inflammatory infiltration and tissue destruction in SG were assessed by histopathology. RESULTS SG protein-immunised mice developed overt SS symptoms with increased Th17 cells detected in CLN and within lymphocytic foci in inflamed SG. Notably, immunised IL-17 KO mice were completely resistant for SS induction, showing no evidence of disease symptoms and histopathological changes in SG. Adoptive transfer of Th17 cells rapidly induced the onset of ESS in immunised IL-17 KO mice with markedly reduced saliva secretion, elevated autoantibody production and pronounced inflammation and tissue damage in SG. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have defined a critical role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of ESS. Further studies may validate Th17 cell as a potential target for treating SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lin
- Department of Pathology and Center of Infection and Immunology, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ke Rui
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Pathology and Center of Infection and Immunology, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Center of Infection and Immunology, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - King-Hung Ko
- Department of Pathology and Center of Infection and Immunology, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhijun Jiao
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Chak Sing Lau
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Center of Infection and Immunology, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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The role of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor reactive T cells in Sjögren's syndrome: a critical review. J Autoimmun 2014; 51:44-50. [PMID: 24397962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells constitute the majority of infiltrating cells in salivary glands and lachrymal glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The pathophysiology of SS involves T cell recognition of antigens through the T cell antigen receptor, which triggers cytokine production and chronic inflammation. The M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) molecule is expressed in exocrine glands, such as salivary glands and lachrymal glands, and plays an important role in exocrine secretion. Previous studies indicated the presence of M3R reactive T cells in peripheral blood of 40% of patients with SS and autoantibodies against M3R in sera of 9-100% of the same patients. Thus, M3R is considered a candidate receptor for autoantigen recognition by T and B cells. The relationship between B cell epitopes and the function of anti-M3R antibodies has been reported, suggesting the pathogenic role of anti-M3R antibodies in xerostomia commonly seen in SS patients. We generated new experimental mouse model, M3R-induced sialadenitis (MIS), using Rag1(-/-) mice inoculated with splenocytes from M3R(-/-) mice immunized with M3R synthetic peptides. Mice with MIS developed severe SS-like sialadenitis. Cell transfer experiments using M3R(-/-)xIFNγ(-/-) mice and M3R(-/-)xIL-17(-/-) mice showed that IFNγ and IL-17 are key cytokines in the pathogenesis of sialadenitis. These findings indicate the crucial roles of M3R-reactive Th1 and Th17 cells in autoimmune sialadenitis, and suggest that these cells, in addition to anti-M3R antibodies, are potential targets in new treatments for SS.
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Iizuka M, Tsuboi H, Matsuo N, Kondo Y, Asashima H, Matsui M, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. The crucial roles of IFN-γ in the development of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor induced Sjögren’s syndrome-like sialadenitis. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-012-0785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Effects of muscarinic acetylcholine 3 receptor(208-227) peptide immunization on autoimmune response in nonobese diabetic mice. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:485213. [PMID: 24382973 PMCID: PMC3872023 DOI: 10.1155/2013/485213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The second extracellular loop (LFWQYFVGKRTVPPGECFIQFLSEPTITFGTAI, aa 205-237) of muscarinic acetylcholine 3 receptor (M3R) has been reported to be an epitope for autoantibodies generated during certain autoimmune disorders, including Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Autoantibodies against M3R(228-237) have been shown to interfere with the function of M3R. However, few studies have been performed on the M3R(205-227) peptide of the second extracellular loop. In the current study, we sought to investigate the effect of M3R(208-227) peptide immunization on autoimmune response in NOD/LtJ mice. We synthesized the M3R(208-227) peptide and immunized NOD/LtJ mice to investigate whether peptide-specific antibodies could be generated and whether immunization would lead to changes in autoimmune response in NOD/LtJ mice. Our results demonstrate that the secretions of Th-1, Th-2, and Th-17 cytokines are downregulated and lymphocytic infiltration is improved in the salivary glands and lacrimal glands following immunization with M3R(208-227) peptide in NOD/LtJ mice, suggesting that peptide immunotherapy using the M3R(208-227) peptide may represent a potential therapeutic alternative.
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Pelegrino FSA, Volpe EA, Gandhi NB, Li DQ, Pflugfelder SC, de Paiva CS. Deletion of interferon-γ delays onset and severity of dacryoadenitis in CD25KO mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R234. [PMID: 23116218 PMCID: PMC3674599 DOI: 10.1186/ar4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To investigate the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the onset and severity of dacryoadenitis in the CD25 knockout (KO) mouse model of Sjögren Syndrome. Methods CD25/IFN-γ double KO (γDKO) mice were created by crossbreeding CD25KO and IFN-γKO mice. Mice were used at 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Lacrimal gland (LG) infiltrating lymphocytes were characterized with flow cytometry. Tear epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentration was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) evaluated T-cell-related cytokines in LGs. Serum autoantibodies against M3R in LG lysates were detected with Western blot. Results γDKO LG showed lower lymphocytic infiltration at 8 weeks than in the CD25KO parental strain (˜20% versus ˜60%, respectively), which increased to CD25KO levels at 16 weeks. Flow-cytometry analysis showed an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with aging in γDKO LG, similar to that in CD25KO. γDKO had lower levels of interleukin (IL)-17A, transforming growth-factor (TGF)-β1, IL-21, and CCL20, and higher IL-1β and IL-13 mRNA transcripts in the LG than in the parental CD25KO strain. Autoantibodies to M3R were observed in both strains and significantly increased with aging in both strains. CD25KO mice had very low tear EGF concentrations at all ages, whereas the ear EGF concentration in γDKO mice significantly decreased with aging and inversely correlated with the presence of M3R autoantibodies and the degree of LG CD4 and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Conclusions The deletion of IFN-γ in the CD25KO mice strain delays glandular destruction and preserves glandular function. M3R autoantibodies increased with aging in both the γDKO and the CD25KO strains. The decrease in LG function in γDKO correlated with the degree of T-cell infiltration and the presence of M3R autoantibodies.
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Iizuka M, Tsuboi H, Matsuo N, Kondo Y, Asashima H, Matsui M, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. The crucial roles of IFN-γ in the development of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor induced Sjögren's syndrome-like sialadenitis. Mod Rheumatol 2012; 23:614-6. [PMID: 23099472 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-012-0785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sumida T, Iizuka M, Asashima H, Tsuboi H, Matsumoto I. Pathogenic role of anti-M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor immune response in Sjögren's syndrome. Presse Med 2012; 41:e461-6. [PMID: 22884125 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) is expressed in exocrine glands (e.g., salivary glands [SGs] and lachrymal glands), and plays a crucial role in exocrine secretion. M3R reactive T cells have been detected in circulating mononuclear cells of 40% of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and the major T cell epitopes of M3R in those patients with HLA-DR B1×0901 are located in the second loop of M3R. Moreover, autoantibodies (autoAbs) against M3R are also present in sera of around 50% of patients with SS, and several B cell epitopes, such as N-region, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd loop of M3R, have been identified. Functional analysis using human SG cell lines showed that autoAbs against the 2nd loop of M3R suppressed intracellular Ca(2+) influx, suggesting inhibition of saliva secretion. To clarify whether the M3R reactive immune response induces autoimmune sialadenitis (AIS), M3R(-/-) mice were immunized with M3R synthetic peptides and their splenocytes transferred into Rag1(-/-) mice. The recipients developed severe sialadenitis, and cell transfer studies indicated that T cells are key factors in the pathogenesis of AIS. These results indicate that the M3R immune reaction plays a key pathogenic role in AIS, suggesting that M3R molecule acts as an autoantigen in the pathogenesis of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sumida
- University of Tsukuba, Department of Internal Medicine, Ibaraki, Japan.
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