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Yin X, Zhu W, Tang X, Yang G, Zhao X, Zhao K, Jiang L, Li X, Zhao H, Wang X, Yan Y, Xing L, Yu J, Meng X, Zhao H. Phase I/II clinical trial of efficacy and safety of EGCG oxygen nebulization inhalation in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia patients with cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:486. [PMID: 38632501 PMCID: PMC11022442 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiviral drug Nirmatrelvir was found to be a key drug in controlling the progression of pneumonia during the infectious phase of COVID-19. However, there are very few options for effective treatment for cancer patients who have viral pneumonia. Glucocorticoids is one of the effective means to control pneumonia, but there are many adverse events. EGCG is a natural low toxic compound with anti-inflammatory function. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) aerosol to control COVID-19 pneumonia in cancer populations. METHODS The study was designed as a prospective, single-arm, open-label phase I/II trial at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, between January 5, 2023 to March 31,2023 with viral pneumonia on radiographic signs after confirmed novel coronavirus infection. These patients were treated with EGCG nebulization 10 ml three times daily for at least seven days. EGCG concentrations were increased from 1760-8817umol/L to 4 levels with dose escalation following a standard Phase I design of 3-6 patients per level. Any grade adverse event caused by EGCG was considered a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is defined as the highest dose with less than one-third of patients experiencing dose limiting toxicity (DLT) due to EGCG. The primary end points were the toxicity of EGCG and CT findings, and the former was graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v. 5.0. The secondary end point was the laboratory parameters before and after treatment. RESULT A total of 60 patients with high risk factors for severe COVID-19 pneumonia (factors such as old age, smoking and combined complications)were included in this phase I-II study. The 54 patients in the final analysis were pathologically confirmed to have tumor burden and completed the whole course of treatment. A patient with bucking at a level of 1760 umol/L and no acute toxicity associated with EGCG has been reported at the second or third dose gradients. At dose escalation to 8817umol/L, Grade 1 adverse events of nausea and stomach discomfort occurred in two patients, which resolved spontaneously within 1 hour. After one week of treatment, CT showed that the incidence of non-progression of pneumonia was 82% (32/39), and the improvement rate of pneumonia was 56.4% (22/39). There was no significant difference in inflammation-related laboratory parameters (white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, IL-6, ferritin, C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase) before and after treatment. CONCLUSION Aerosol inhalation of EGCG is well tolerated, and preliminary investigation in cancer population suggests that EGCG may be effective in COVID-19-induced pneumonia, which can promote the improvement of patients with moderate pneumonia or prevent them from developing into severe pneumonia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05758571. Date of registration: 8 February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wanqi Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, 250117, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guangjian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, 250117, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xianguang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kaikai Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liyang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, 250117, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Hanxi Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Huang Y, Zhou H, Wang Y, Xiao L, Qin W, Li L. A comprehensive investigation on the receptor BSG expression reveals the potential risk of healthy individuals and cancer patients to 2019-nCoV infection. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5412-5434. [PMID: 38484369 PMCID: PMC11006473 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly emerging coronavirus. BSG (basigin) is involved in the tumorigenesis of multiple tumors and recently emerged as a novel viral entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. However, its expression profile in normal individuals and cancer patients are still unclear. METHODS We performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression and distribution of BSG in normal tissues, tumor tissues, and cell lines via bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. In addition, we investigated the expression of BSG and its isoforms in multiple malignancies and adjacent normal tissues, and explored the prognostic values across pan-cancers. Finally, we conducted function analysis for co-expressed genes with BSG. RESULTS We found BSG was highly conserved in different species, and was ubiquitously expressed in almost all normal tissues and significantly increased in some types of cancer tissues. Moreover, BSG at mRNA expression level was higher than ACE2 in normal lung tissues, and lung cancer tissues. High expression of BSG indicated shorter overall survival (OS) in multiple tumors. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that BSG is mostly enriched in genes for mitochondria electron transport, oxidoreduction-driven active transmembrane transporter activity, mitochondrial inner membrane, oxidative phosphorylation, and genes involving COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our present work emphasized the value of targeting BSG in the treatment of COVID-19 and cancer, and also provided several novel insights for understanding the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyan Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sobhani N, Mondani G, Roviello G, Catalano M, Sirico M, D'Angelo A, Scaggiante B, Generali D. Cancer management during the COVID-19 world pandemic. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3427-3444. [PMID: 37642709 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Since 2019, the world has been experiencing an outbreak of a novel beta-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2. The worldwide spread of this virus has been a severe challenge for public health, and the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. As of June 8, 2023, the virus' rapid spread had caused over 767 million infections and more than 6.94 million deaths worldwide. Unlike previous SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreaks, the COVID-19 outbreak has led to a high death rate in infected patients; this has been caused by multiorgan failure, which might be due to the widespread presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors-functional receptors of SARS-CoV-2-in multiple organs. Patients with cancer may be particularly susceptible to COVID-19 because cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy) suppress the immune system. Thus, patients with cancer and COVID-19 may have a poor prognosis. Knowing how to manage the treatment of patients with cancer who may be infected with SARS-CoV-2 is essential. Treatment decisions must be made on a case-by-case basis, and patient stratification is necessary during COVID-19 outbreaks. Here, we review the management of COVID-19 in patients with cancer and focus on the measures that should be adopted for these patients on the basis of the organs or tissues affected by cancer and by the tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Giuseppina Mondani
- Royal Infirmary Hospital, Foresterhill Health Campus, Foresterhill Rd, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Catalano
- Royal Infirmary Hospital, Foresterhill Health Campus, Foresterhill Rd, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AX, UK
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, 26100, Cremona, Italy
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Luo P, Chen G, Shi Z, Yang J, Wang X, Pan J, Zhu L. Comprehensive multi-omics analysis of tryptophan metabolism-related gene expression signature to predict prognosis in gastric cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1267186. [PMID: 37908977 PMCID: PMC10613981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1267186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The 5-year survival of gastric cancer (GC) patients with advanced stage remains poor. Some evidence has indicated that tryptophan metabolism may induce cancer progression through immunosuppressive responses and promote the malignancy of cancer cells. The role of tryptophan and its metabolism should be explored for an in-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms during GC development. Material and methods: We utilized the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset to screen tryptophan metabolism-associated genes via single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and correlation analysis. Consensus clustering analysis was employed to construct different molecular subtypes. Most common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined from the molecular subtypes. Univariate cox analysis as well as lasso were performed to establish a tryptophan metabolism-associated gene signature. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was utilized to evaluate signaling pathways. ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, and TIDE were used for the evaluation of the gastric tumor microenvironment. Results: Two tryptophan metabolism-associated gene molecular subtypes were constructed. Compared to the C2 subtype, the C1 subtype showed better prognosis with increased CD4 positive memory T cells as well as activated dendritic cells (DCs) infiltration and suppressed M2-phenotype macrophages inside the tumor microenvironment. The immune checkpoint was downregulated in the C1 subtype. A total of eight key genes, EFNA3, GPX3, RGS2, CXCR4, SGCE, ADH4, CST2, and GPC3, were screened for the establishment of a prognostic risk model. Conclusion: This study concluded that the tryptophan metabolism-associated genes can be applied in GC prognostic prediction. The risk model established in the current study was highly accurate in GC survival prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linghua Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Chu M, Ji H, Li K, Liu H, Peng M, Wang Z, Zhu X. Investigating the potential mechanism of quercetin against cervical cancer. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:170. [PMID: 37704909 PMCID: PMC10499770 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is emerging as a potential target of increased susceptibility to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), leading to compromised survival rates. Despite this critical link, efficacious anti-cervical cancer/COVID-19 interventions remain limited. Quercetin, known for its efficacy against both cancer and viral infections, holds promise as a therapeutic agent. This study aims to elucidate quercetin's anti-cervical cancer/COVID-19 mechanisms and potential targets. METHODS We initiated our investigation with differential gene expression analysis using cervical cancer transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), focusing on intersections with COVID-19-related genes. Network pharmacology was employed to identify the shared targets between cervical cancer/COVID-19 DEGs and quercetin's targets. Subsequently, Cox proportional hazards analyses were employed to establish a risk score based on these genes. Molecular docking techniques were applied to predict quercetin's therapeutic targets and mechanisms for mitigating cervical cancer and COVID-19. RESULTS Our findings unveiled 45 potential quercetin targets with anti-cervical cancer/COVID-19 actions. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses highlighted significant enrichment in immune pathways and COVID-19-related pathways. A refined risk score model, comprising PLA2G7, TNF, TYK2, F2, and NRP1, effectively stratified cervical cancer patients into distinct risk groups. Importantly, molecular docking analyses illuminated quercetin's remarkable binding affinity to the primary protease of the coronavirus. CONCLUSIONS In summation, our study suggests that quercetin holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating coronavirus function, specifically through its interaction with the primary protease. This research offers novel insights into exploring COVID-19 susceptibility and enhancing survival in cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Huihui Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Kehan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Hejing Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Mengjia Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Zhu Z, Yang Z, Zhu C, Hu Z, Jiang Z, Gong J, Yuan Y, Chen X, Jin Y, Yin Y. Development of a DNA aptamer targeting IDO1 with anti-tumor effects. iScience 2023; 26:107367. [PMID: 37520707 PMCID: PMC10374466 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has become an effective approach to reverse the immune tolerance of tumor cells. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is frequently upregulated in many types of cancers and contributes to the establishment of an immunosuppressive cancer microenvironment, which has been thought to be a potential target for cancer therapy. However, the development of IDO1 inhibitors for clinical application is still limited. Here, we isolated a DNA aptamer with a strong affinity and inhibitory activity against IDO1, designated as IDO-APT. By conjugating with nanoparticles, in situ injection of IDO-APT to CT26 tumor-bearing mice significantly suppresses the activity of regulatory T cells and promotes the function of CD8+ T cells, leading to tumor suppression and prolonged survival. Therefore, this functional IDO1-specific aptamer with potent anti-tumor effects may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Our data provide an alternative way to target IDO1 in addition to small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeliang Yang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanda Zhu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zixi Hu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongyu Jiang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Gong
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuyao Yuan
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
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Yang W, Pan X, Zhang P, Yang X, Guan H, Dou H, Lu Q. Defeating Melanoma Through a Nano-Enabled Revision of Hypoxic and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3711-3725. [PMID: 37435153 PMCID: PMC10332423 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s414882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Reversing the hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for treating malignant melanoma. Seeking a robust platform for the effective reversion of hypoxic and immunosuppressive TME may be an excellent solution to revolutionizing the current landscape of malignant melanoma treatment. Here, we demonstrated a transdermal and intravenous dual-administration paradigm. A tailor-made Ato/cabo@PEG-TK-PLGA NPs were administrated transdermally to melanoma with the help of a gel spray containing a skin-penetrating material borneol. Nanoparticles encased Ato and cabo were released and thereby reversed the hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods Ato/cabo@PEG-TK-PLGA NPs were synthesized through a self-assembly emulsion process, and the transdermal ability was assessed using Franz diffusion cell assembly. The inhibition effect on cell respiration was measured by OCR, ATP, and pO2 detection and in vivo photoacoustic (PA) imaging. The reversing of the immunosuppressive was detected through flow cytometry analysis of MDSCs and T cells. At last, the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy and histopathology, immunohistochemical analysis and safety detection were performed using tumor-bearing mice. Results The transdermally administrated Ato/cabo@PEG-TK-PLGA NPs successfully spread to the skin surface of melanoma and then entered deep inside the tumor with the help of a gel spray and a skin puncturing material borneol. Atovaquone (Ato, a mitochondrial-respiration inhibitor) and cabozantinib (cabo, a MDSCs eliminator) were concurrently released in response to the intratumorally overexpressed H2O2. The released Ato and cabo respectively reversed the hypoxic and immunosuppressive TME. The reversed hypoxic TME offered sufficient O2 for the intravenously administrated indocyanine green (ICG, an FDA-approved photosensitizer) to produce adequate amount of ROS. In contrast, the reversed immunosuppressive TME conferred amplified systemic immune responses. Conclusion Taken together, we developed a transdermal and intravenous dual-administration paradigm, which effectively reversed the hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in the treatment of the malignant melanoma. We believe our study will open a new path for the effective elimination of the primary tumors and the real-time control of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine R&D Laboratory, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Pan
- Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine R&D Laboratory, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine R&D Laboratory, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine R&D Laboratory, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine R&D Laboratory, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Dou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine R&D Laboratory, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Yang C, Liu J, Zhao S, Shang Q, Ren F, Feng K, Zhang R, Kang X, Wang X, Wang X. Infiltrating myeloid cell diversity determines oncological characteristics and clinical outcomes in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:63. [PMID: 37287069 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer presents as one of the top health threats to women around the world. Myeloid cells are the most abundant cells and the major immune coordinator in breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME), target therapies that harness the anti-tumor potential of myeloid cells are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. However, the landscape and dynamic transition of myeloid cells in breast cancer TME are still largely unknown. METHODS Myeloid cells were characterized in the single-cell data and extracted with a deconvolution algorithm to be assessed in bulk-sequencing data. We used the Shannon index to describe the diversity of infiltrating myeloid cells. A 5-gene surrogate scoring system was then constructed and evaluated to infer the myeloid cell diversity in a clinically feasible manner. RESULTS We dissected the breast cancer infiltrating myeloid cells into 15 subgroups including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytes. Mac_CCL4 had the highest angiogenic activity, Mac_APOE and Mac_CXCL10 were highly active in cytokine secretion, and the DCs had upregulated antigen presentation pathways. The infiltrating myeloid diversity was calculated in the deconvoluted bulk-sequencing data, and we found that higher myeloid diversity was robustly associated with more favorable clinical outcomes, higher neoadjuvant therapy responses, and a higher rate of somatic mutations. We then used machine learning methods to perform feature selection and reduction, which generated a clinical-friendly scoring system consisting of 5 genes (C3, CD27, GFPT2, GMFG, and HLA-DPB1) that could be used to predict clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study explored the heterogeneity and plasticity of breast cancer infiltrating myeloid cells. By using a novel combination of bioinformatic approaches, we proposed the myeloid diversity index as a new prognostic metric and constructed a clinically practical scoring system to guide future patient evaluation and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiaxiang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuangtao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyao Shang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kexin Feng
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruixuan Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyu Kang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
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9
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Gao F, Wang X, Qin N, Zhang M, Liao M, Zeng M, Lu D, Sha O. The analysis of cathepsin L that mediates cellular SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to COVID-19 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156038. [PMID: 37292206 PMCID: PMC10246451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The vulnerability of the oral cavity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is well-known, and cancer patients are at a higher risk of COVID-19, emphasizing the need to prioritize this patient population. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis. It has been established that cancerous tissues express Cathepsin L (CTSL), a proteinase that regulates cancer progression and SARS-CoV-2 entry. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the correlation between disease outcomes and CTSL expression in cancer tissues and predict the susceptibility of cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we used transcriptomic and genomic data to profile CTSL expression in HNSCC and developed a CTSL signature that could reflect the response of HNSCC patients to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between CTSL expression and immune cell infiltration and established CTSL as a potential carcinogenic factor for HNSCC patients. These findings could aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of HNSCC patients to SARS-CoV-2 and contribute to the development of therapy for both HNSCC and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Stomatological Research, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nianhong Qin
- Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingfeng Liao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiqi Zeng
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Stomatological Research, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ou Sha
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Stomatological Research, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Li J, Bai H, Qiao H, Du C, Yao P, Zhang Y, Cai Y, Jia Y, Wei X, Li C, Liu X, Wang W, Sun S, Feng C, Hu Y, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Zhang Y. Causal effects of COVID-19 on cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28722. [PMID: 37185860 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In contemporary literature, little attention has been paid to the association between coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and cancer risk. We performed the Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal associations between the three types of COVID-19 exposures (critically ill COVID-19, hospitalized COVID-19, and respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection) and 33 different types of cancers of the European population. The results of the inverse-variance-weighted model indicated that genetic liabilities to critically ill COVID-19 had suggestive causal associations with the increased risk for HER2-positive breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0924; p-value = 0.0116), esophageal cancer (OR = 1.0004; p-value = 0.0226), colorectal cancer (OR = 1.0010; p-value = 0.0242), stomach cancer (OR = 1.2394; p-value = 0.0331), and colon cancer (OR = 1.0006; p-value = 0.0453). The genetic liabilities to hospitalized COVID-19 had suggestive causal associations with the increased risk for HER2-positive breast cancer (OR = 1.1096; p-value = 0.0458), esophageal cancer (OR = 1.0005; p-value = 0.0440) as well as stomach cancer (OR = 1.3043; p-value = 0.0476). The genetic liabilities to SARS-CoV-2 infection had suggestive causal associations with the increased risk for stomach cancer (OR = 2.8563; p-value = 0.0019) but with the decreasing risk for head and neck cancer (OR = 0.9986, p-value = 0.0426). The causal associations of the above combinations were robust through the test of heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Together, our study indicated that COVID-19 had causal effects on cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haocheng Bai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chong Du
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peizhuo Yao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifan Cai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiwei Jia
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaofan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cong Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijian Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhangjian Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Lin WL, Nguyen THY, Wu LM, Huang WT, Su SB. Anticancer Therapy and Mortality of Adult Patients with Hematologic Malignancy and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020381. [PMID: 36836738 PMCID: PMC9967921 DOI: 10.3390/life13020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might affect cancer treatment outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis identified the prognostic predictors of adult patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19, and evaluated the effect of anticancer therapy on mortality. We performed a literature search of electronic databases and identified additional studies from the bibliographies of the articles that were retrieved. Two investigators independently extracted data according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. We evaluated study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and performed a meta-analyses in order to evaluate the effect of anticancer therapy on mortality among adult patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic. The meta-analysis included 12 studies. The overall mortality rate was 36.3%. The pooled risk difference (RD) in mortality between patients receiving and not receiving anticancer therapy was 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.26; I2 = 76%). The pooled RD in mortality associated with chemotherapy was 0.22 (95% CI: 0.05-0.39; I2 = 48%), and with immunosuppression was 0.20 (95% CI: 0.05-0.34; I2 = 67%). In the subgroup analyses, anticancer-therapy-associated mortality was higher in females (RD = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.29-0.85; I2 = 0%) than in males (RD = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.04-0.52; I2 = 0%). Among patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19, those receiving anticancer therapy had a higher mortality risk, regardless of sex. The mortality risk was higher in females than in males. These results indicate that caution should be exercised when administering anticancer therapy to patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Lin
- Center for Quality Management, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Hoang-Yen Nguyen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Wu
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Wen-Tsung Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Bin Su
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
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12
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Ataei A, Derakhshan MM, Razmjooie M, Zare F, Amiresmaeili H, Salehi N, Namakkoobi N, Mirhosseini H, Karim B, Iravani S. Androgens' Role in Severity and Mortality Rates of COVID-19. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:813-826. [PMID: 36195265 DOI: 10.1055/a-1954-5605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
By the end of December 2019 new corona virus began to spread from Wuhan, China and caused a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 deaths and prevalence represented sex discrepant patterns with higher rate of deaths and infection in males than females which could be justified by androgen-mediated mechanisms. This review aimed to assess the role of androgens in COVID-19 severity and mortality. Androgens increase expressions of Type II transmembrane Serine Protease (TMPRSS2) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), which both facilitate new corona virus entry into host cell and their expression is higher in young males than females. According to observational studies, prevalence of COVID-19 infections and deaths was more in androgenic alopecic patients than patients without androgenic alopecia. The COVID-19 mortality rates in aged men (>60 years) were substantially higher than aged females and even young males caused by high inflammatory activities such as cytokine storm due to hypogonadism in this population. Use of anti-androgen and TMPRSS2 inhibitor drugs considerably modified COVID-19 symptoms. Androgen deprivation therapy also improved COVID-19 symptoms in prostate cancer: overall the role of androgens in severity of COVID-19 and its associated mortality seemed to be very important. So, more studies in variety of populations are required to define the absolute role of androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ataei
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moein Derakhshan
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Fateme Zare
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Habibe Amiresmaeili
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Negin Salehi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Negar Namakkoobi
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Mirhosseini
- Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Bardia Karim
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Sima Iravani
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Yazd University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
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13
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Lee EJ, Jung S, Park KH, Park SI. Flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in human breast cancer patient blood samples. J Immunol Methods 2022; 510:113348. [PMID: 36058258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multi-color flow cytometry is the standard approach for immunophenotyping clinical samples. With the recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), immature myeloid-lineage cells in cancer patient blood and the tumor microenvironment, are highlighted as an important immune cell population that correlates with prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. In contrast to their clear functions and existence, immunophenotyping of MDSC is not consistent among investigators due to surface antigens overlapping with many normal hematopoietic lineage cell populations. We performed a clinical study and analyzed more than 1000 breast cancer patients blood samples to quantitate MDSC during breast cancer progression. In this methodology manuscript, we described detailed procedures for study design, sample logistics and handling, staining and flow cytometric analysis. This protocol used a 7-color fluorochrome-conjugated antibody panel to analyze polymorphonuclear (PMN)- and monocytic (M)-MDSC subsets simultaneously. The interim analysis results of this study showed that both PMN and M-MDSC populations are increased in patients with bone metastasis compared with patients with visceral organ metastasis. In conclusion, this work provides a versatile, comprehensive, and practical protocol to measure MDSC in patient blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungpil Jung
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Serk In Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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14
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Huang CL, Fang XL, Mao YP, Guo R, Li WF, Xu SS, Ma J, Chen L, Tang LL. Association of delayed chemoradiotherapy with elevated Epstein-Barr virus DNA load and adverse clinical outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:331. [PMID: 36316696 PMCID: PMC9623943 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To summarize the impact of radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy delays on patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We retrospectively included 233 patients with stage II-IVa NPC treated with RT and chemotherapy between December 11, 2019 and March 11, 2020. The outcomes were elevation in the EBV DNA load between two adjacent cycles of chemotherapy or during RT, and 1-year disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS RT delay occurred in 117 (50%) patients, and chemotherapy delay occurred in 220 (94%) patients. RT delay of ≥ 6 days was associated with a higher EBV DNA elevation rate (20.4% vs. 3.6%, odds ratio [OR] = 6.93 [95% CI = 2.49-19.32], P < 0.001), and worse 1-year DFS (91.2% vs. 97.8%, HR = 3.61 [95% CI = 1.37-9.50], P = 0.006), compared with on-schedule RT or delay of < 6 days. Chemotherapy delay of ≥ 10 days was not associated with a higher EBV DNA elevation rate (12.5% vs. 6.8%, OR = 1.94 [95% CI = 0.70-5.40], P = 0.20), or worse 1-year DFS (93.8% vs. 97.1%, HR = 3.73 [95% CI = 0.86-16.14], P = 0.059), compared with delay of < 10 days. Multivariable analyses showed RT delay of ≥ 6 days remained an independent adverse factor for both EBV DNA elevation and DFS. CONCLUSION To ensure treatment efficacy for patients with nonmetastatic NPC, initiation of RT should not be delayed by more than 6 days; the effect of chemotherapy delay requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Huang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Liang Fang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ping Mao
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Fei Li
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Si Xu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Ma
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Long Tang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
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15
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Zyoud SH, Koni A, Al-Jabi SW, Amer R, Shakhshir M, Al Subu R, Salameh H, Odeh R, Musleh S, Abushamma F, Abu Taha A. Current global research landscape on COVID-19 and cancer: Bibliometric and visualization analysis. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:835-847. [PMID: 36337308 PMCID: PMC9630994 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i10.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a severe public health issue that seriously jeopardizes global health. In individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), cancer is considered an independent risk factor for severe illness and increased mortality.
AIM To identify research hotspots and prospects, we used bibliometrics to examine the global production of COVID-19 literature published in the field of oncology.
METHODS Data on publication output were identified based on the Scopus database between January 1, 2020, and June 21, 2022. This study used VOSviewer to analyze collaboration networks among countries and assess the terms most often used in the titles and abstracts of retrieved publications to determine research hotspots linked to cancer and COVID-19. The Impact Index Per Article for the top 10 high-cited papers collected from Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) are presented.
RESULTS A total of 7015 publications were retrieved from the database. The United States published the greatest number of articles (2025; 28.87%), followed by Italy (964; 13.74%), the United Kingdom (839; 11.96%), and China (538; 7.67%). The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (n = 205, 2.92%) ranked first, followed by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (n = 176, 2.51%). The European Journal of Cancer (n = 106, 1.51%) ranked first, followed by the Frontiers in Oncology (n = 104, 1.48%), Cancers (n = 102, 1.45%), and Pediatric Blood and Cancer (n = 95; 1.35%). The hot topics were stratified into “cancer care management during the COVID-19 pandemic”; and “COVID-19 vaccines in cancer patients”.
CONCLUSION This is the first bibliometric analysis to determine the present state and upcoming hot themes related to cancer and COVID-19 and vice versa using VOSviewer during the early stages of the pandemic. The emergence of hot themes related to cancer and COVID-19 may aid researchers in identifying new research areas in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa'ed H Zyoud
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Clinical Research Centre, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Amer Koni
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Hematology and Oncology Department, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Samah W Al-Jabi
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Riad Amer
- Hematology and Oncology Department, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Muna Shakhshir
- Department of Nutrition, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Rand Al Subu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Husam Salameh
- Hematology and Oncology Department, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Razan Odeh
- Hematology and Oncology Department, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Sultan Musleh
- Hematology and Oncology Department, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Faris Abushamma
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Department of Urology, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Adham Abu Taha
- Department of Pathology, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
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16
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Sigalov AB. Inhibition of TREM-2 Markedly Suppresses Joint Inflammation and Damage in Experimental Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168857. [PMID: 36012120 PMCID: PMC9408405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) are a family of activating immune receptors that regulate the inflammatory response. TREM-1, which is expressed on monocytes and/or macrophages and neutrophils, functions as an inflammation amplifier and plays a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Unlike TREM-1, the role in RA of TREM-2, which is expressed on macrophages, immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells, osteoclasts, and microglia, remains unclear and controversial. TREM-2 ligands are still unknown, adding further uncertainty to our understanding of TREM-2 function. Previously, we demonstrated that TREM-1 blockade, using a ligand-independent TREM-1 inhibitory peptide sequence GF9 rationally designed by our signaling chain homooligomerization (SCHOOL) model of cell signaling, ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) severity in mice. Here, we designed a TREM-2 inhibitory peptide sequence IA9 and tested it in the therapeutic CIA model, either as a free 9-mer peptide IA9, or as a part of a 31-mer peptide IA31 incorporated into lipopeptide complexes (IA31-LPC), for targeted delivery. We demonstrated that administration of IA9, but not a control peptide, after induction of arthritis diminished release of proinflammatory cytokines and dramatically suppressed joint inflammation and damage, suggesting that targeting TREM-2 may be a promising approach for the treatment of RA.
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17
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Zhang T, Yu H, Dai X, Zhang X. CMTM6 and CMTM4 as two novel regulators of PD-L1 modulate the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971428. [PMID: 35958549 PMCID: PMC9359082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays crucial roles in regulating tumor occurrence, progress, metastasis and drug resistance. However, it remains largely elusive how the components of TME are regulated to govern its functions in tumor biology. Here, we discussed how the two novel functional proteins, chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6) and CMTM4, which involved in the post-translational regulation of PD-L1, modulate the TME functions. The roles of CMTM6 and CMTM4 in regulating TME components, including immune cells and tumor cells themselves were discussed in this review. The potential clinical applications of CMTM6 and CMTM4 as biomarkers to predict therapy efficacy and as new or combined immunotherapy targets are also highlighted. Finally, the current hot topics for the biological function of CMTM6/4 and several significant research directions for CMTM6/4 are also briefly summarized in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haixiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangpeng Dai, ; Xiaoling Zhang,
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangpeng Dai, ; Xiaoling Zhang,
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Leis AA, Montesi AP, Khan SM, Montesi M. Case Report: Malignant Melanoma Associated With COVID-19: A Coincidence or a Clue? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:845558. [PMID: 35721065 PMCID: PMC9198841 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.845558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, there is upregulation of proinflammatory molecules S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), osteopontin (OPN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and other cytokines that promote hyperinflammation. The same immunoregulatory proteins that fuel the COVID-19 “cytokine storm” are also produced by melanoma cells and various other cancers to promote tumorigenesis. We report three cases of malignant melanoma (MM) associated with severe COVID-19, the first two with amelanotic melanoma and the third with hypopigmented melanoma. It is noteworthy that we did not search for these cases. Patient 1 is a personal acquaintance and cases 2 and 3 were hospitalized and worked at our rehabilitation center, respectively. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammatory tumorigenic proteins in the microenvironment that may have contributed to the de novo development (case 1), aggressive growth (case 2), or recurrence (case 3) of these malignant tumors. Moreover, high concentrations of the same proinflammatory proteins found in the “cytokine storm” associated with COVID-19, including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and ferritin, also induce skin depigmentation or hypopigmentation by interfering with tyrosinase synthesis, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of pigmentation. Hence, the marked elevation of the biological effectors that decrease skin pigmentation may also reduce pigmentation in MMs, resulting in amelanotic or hypopigmented lesions. Although it is certainly possible that the occurrence of melanoma following COVID-19 is coincidental, the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to increase expression of proinflammatory and tumorigenic molecules warrants further investigations to determine if there is an association between these disease processes or implications for patients with melanoma or other cancers who develop COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arturo Leis
- Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | | | - Sariya Maryam Khan
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Michael Montesi
- COVID Recovery Clinic, Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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19
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The disease course of multiple sclerosis before and during COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective five-year study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 65:103985. [PMID: 35759904 PMCID: PMC9212895 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 pandemic is thought to influence the natural history of immune disorders, yet the knowledge on its effect on multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown and not fully understood for which we conducted this retrospective study. Methods and materials We included all patients with MS seen in King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2017 and October 20201. We determined clinical and radiological evidence of disease activities in all patients by the end of the study period, and we compared the disease patterns before and during the pandemic. We also identified patients with COVID-19 since March 2020, who had at least 3 months of follow-up following the infection. Results We studied 301 patients; 216 (72%) were women, the mean age was 38 years (range; 16, 73 years), the mean disease duration was 10 years (range; 1, 36 years), and the median EDSS score was 0.5 (range; 0, 8). RRMS accounted for most of the cases (270 patients). MS disease activities were 25% less prevalent during the pandemic compared to the preceding 3 years (26 vs. 51%, respectively, p < 0.01). Bivariate analysis showed significant higher disease activities in patients younger than 35 years (73 vs 27%), on DMT (68 vs 32%), and complaint to therapy (69 vs 31%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the likelihood of MS disease activities were 3 times more during the pre-pandemic era (adjusted OR = 3.1, p value < 0.05, 95% CI; 1.4, 7.1). Thirty patients (10%) were infected with COVID-19. All patients reported mild symptoms, and none required hospitalization. COVID-19 was prevalent among younger patients with RRMS, with low EDSS scores, irrespective of DMTs they received. COVID-19 infection was not associated with clinical relapses or MRI changes. Disease activities were dependent on DMT use and not COVID-19 status. Multivariate analyses also confirmed no effect of COVID-19 on disease activities (p = 0.3 and 0.4, for clinical and MRI changes, respectively). Conclusions MS disease activities did not increase during the pandemic, yet the apparent decrease in the disease activities is probably due to under reporting and not a real decrease in disease activities because of the pandemic. The COVID-19 infection in our MS patients showed a benign disease course, yet standard precautions to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission should be applied accordingly.
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20
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Outcomes of Cancer Patients with COVID-19 in a Hospital System in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092209. [PMID: 35565336 PMCID: PMC9105648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with a history of malignancy have been shown to be at an increased risk of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. Poorer clinical outcomes in that patient population are likely due to the underlying systemic illness, comorbidities, and the cytotoxic and immunosuppressive anti-tumor treatments they are subjected to. We identified 416 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection being managed for their malignancy at Northwestern Medicine in Chicago, Illinois, between March and July of 2020. Seventy-five (18.0%) patients died due to COVID-related complications. Older age (>60), male gender, and current treatment with immunotherapy were associated with shorter overall survival. Laboratory findings showed that higher platelet counts, ALC, and hemoglobin were protective against critical illness and death from COVID-19. Conversely, elevated inflammatory markers such as ferritin, d-dimer, procalcitonin, CRP, and LDH led to worse clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that a thorough clinical and laboratory assessment of infected patients with cancer might help identify a more vulnerable population and implement more aggressive proactive strategies.
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21
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Ben Kridis W, Lajnef M, Khmeri S, Khanfir A. Milano Policlinico ONCOVID modified Score for risk evaluation in oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective monocentric study. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:6001-6006. [PMID: 35399105 PMCID: PMC8995143 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Wala Ben Kridis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Maissa Lajnef
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Khmeri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afef Khanfir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
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22
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Andreuzzi E, Fejza A, Polano M, Poletto E, Camicia L, Carobolante G, Tarticchio G, Todaro F, Di Carlo E, Scarpa M, Scarpa M, Paulitti A, Capuano A, Canzonieri V, Maiero S, Fornasarig M, Cannizzaro R, Doliana R, Colombatti A, Spessotto P, Mongiat M. Colorectal cancer development is affected by the ECM molecule EMILIN-2 hinging on macrophage polarization via the TLR-4/MyD88 pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:60. [PMID: 35148799 PMCID: PMC8840294 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent and deadly tumors. Among the key regulators of CRC growth and progression, the microenvironment has emerged as a crucial player and as a possible route for the development of new therapeutic opportunities. More specifically, the extracellular matrix acts directly on cancer cells and indirectly affecting the behavior of stromal and inflammatory cells, as well as the bioavailability of growth factors. Among the ECM molecules, EMILIN-2 is frequently down-regulated by methylation in CRC and the purpose of this study was to verify the impact of EMILIN-2 loss in CRC development and its possible value as a prognostic biomarker. METHODS The AOM/DSS CRC protocol was applied to Emilin-2 null and wild type mice. Tumor development was monitored by endoscopy, the molecular analyses performed by IHC, IF and WB and the immune subpopulations characterized by flow cytometry. Ex vivo cultures of monocyte/macrophages from the murine models were used to verify the molecular pathways. Publicly available datasets were exploited to determine the CRC patients' expression profile; Spearman's correlation analyses and Cox regression were applied to evaluate the association with the inflammatory response; the clinical outcome was predicted by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Pearson correlation analyses were also applied to a cohort of patients enrolled in our Institute. RESULTS In preclinical settings, loss of EMILIN-2 associated with an increased number of tumor lesions upon AOM/DSS treatment. In addition, in the early stages of the disease, the Emilin-2 knockout mice displayed a myeloid-derived suppressor cells-rich infiltrate. Instead, in the late stages, lack of EMILIN-2 associated with a decreased number of M1 macrophages, resulting in a higher percentage of the tumor-promoting M2 macrophages. Mechanistically, EMILIN-2 triggered the activation of the Toll-like Receptor 4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, instrumental for the polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype. Accordingly, dataset and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that low EMILIN-2 expression levels correlated with an increased M2/M1 ratio and with poor CRC patients' prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These novel results indicate that EMILIN-2 is a key regulator of the tumor-associated inflammatory environment and may represent a promising prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Andreuzzi
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Albina Fejza
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Polano
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Evelina Poletto
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Camicia
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Greta Carobolante
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giulia Tarticchio
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Federico Todaro
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Scarpa
- Ricerca Traslazionale Avanzata, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Clinica Chirurgica I- Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alice Paulitti
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Capuano
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Stefania Maiero
- Division of Oncological Gastroenterology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mara Fornasarig
- Division of Oncological Gastroenterology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Division of Oncological Gastroenterology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Doliana
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alfonso Colombatti
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
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Huang Y, Li S, Huang S, Tu J, Chen X, Xiao L, Liu B, Yuan X. Comprehensive and Integrative Analysis of Two Novel SARS-CoV-2 Entry Associated Proteases CTSB and CTSL in Healthy Individuals and Cancer Patients. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:780751. [PMID: 35155389 PMCID: PMC8826559 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.780751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 200 million people have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and 4 million deaths have been reported worldwide to date. Cathepsin B/cathepsin L (CTSB/L) are SARS-CoV-2 entry–associated proteases and facilitate SARS-CoV-2 to infect host cells. However, the expressions of CTSB/L in healthy individuals and cancer patients remain not fully elucidated yet. Here, we comprehensively profiled the expressions and distributions of CTSB/L in human normal tissues, cancer tissues, and cell lines. Moreover, we compared CTSB/L expressions between various cancers and matched normal tissues, and investigated their genetic alteration and prognostic values in pan-cancer. Finally, we also explored the correlation between CTSB/L expressions and immune infiltration. We found that CTSB was highly expressed in most tissues, and CTSL was highly expressed predominantly in the digestive, urinary, and respiratory systems, such as the lungs, liver and gallbladder, and kidney tissues in the translational level. Moreover, cancer patients may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data suggested that CTSB/L are overexpressed in aerodigestive and genitourinary cancers when compared with that in matched normal tissues, and their expressions were closely related to the prognosis of some cancer types. Interestingly, CTSB/L expressions were significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration in manifold cancer tissues and their corresponding normal tissues. In conclusion, our study shows a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of two important SARS-CoV-2 entry–related proteases, which could provide a potential indication on prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Liu
- *Correspondence: Xianglin Yuan, ; Bo Liu,
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24
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Cancer Patients’ Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Approach to Decision-Making in Management and Policy-Making. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.104590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Context: Cancer patients are more susceptible to novel coronavirus infection due to their immune system deficiency and anticancer treatments. During the COVID-19 outbreak, cancer patients have faced many challenges. The present study aimed to review the literature on cancer patients’ challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic to offer an approach to decision-making in management and policy-making. Evidence Acquisition: In this review study, national and international databases were searched. Inclusion Criteria were the risk of COVID-19 in cancer patients, medical services, surgery, and cancer screening during the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer patients’ challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, and management and policy-making in this pandemic. Results: Cancer patients’ challenges during the COVID 19 pandemic were classified as follows: (1) risk of COVID-19 for cancer patients; (2) access to medical services and screening during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (3) psychological disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have revealed that individuals with cancer experience a higher risk of the COVID-19 infection and mortality compared to healthy individuals. Most oncology clinics postpone unnecessary appointments; however, patients with invasive cancer are treated with no delay. Proper management, disease control, and attention to mental health care can prevent psychological disorders. Conclusions: Managing cancer patients’ challenges during the SARS-CoV-2 is of paramount importance. Cancer clinics need to develop new care and follow-up protocols. Moreover, policy-makers should provide appropriate policies to address the challenges of this disease in the future.
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BİLGİ A, AVCI F, KESER ŞAHİN HH, CAN B, GÜLER AH, KULHAN M, CELİK C. Comparison of prognostic factors in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer before and after COVID 19 pandemic: a retrospective study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1017866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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26
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Li Z, Li Q, Wang X, Chen W, Jin X, Liu X, Ye F, Dai Z, Zheng X, Li P, Sun C, Liu X, Zhang Q, Luo H, Liu R. Hyperthermia ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization versus monotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8432-8450. [PMID: 34655179 PMCID: PMC8633247 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The existing evidence has indicated that hyperthermia ablation (HA) and HA combined with transarterial chemoembolization (HATACE) are the optimal alternative to surgical resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the COVID-19 crisis. However, the evidence for decision-making is lacking in terms of comparison between HA and HATACE. Herein, a comprehensive evaluation was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of HATACE with monotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Worldwide studies were collected to evaluate the HATACE regimen for HCC due to the practical need for global extrapolation of applicative population. Meta-analyses were performed using the RevMan 5.3 software (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). RESULTS Thirty-six studies involving a large sample of 5036 patients were included finally. Compared with HA alone, HATACE produced the advantage of 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (OR:1.90; 95%CI:1.46,2.46; p < 0.05) without increasing toxicity (p ≥ 0.05). Compared with TACE alone, HATACE was associated with superior 5-year OS rate (OR:3.54; 95%CI:1.96,6.37; p < 0.05) and significantly reduced the incidences of severe liver damage (OR:0.32; 95%CI:0.11,0.96; p < 0.05) and ascites (OR:0.42; 95%CI:0.20,0.88; p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis results of small (≤3 cm) HCC revealed that there were no significant differences between the HATACE group and HA monotherapy group in regard to the OS rates (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared with TACE alone, HATACE was more effective and safe for HCC. Compared with HA alone, HATACE was more effective for non-small-sized (>3 cm) HCC with comparable safety. However, the survival benefit of adjuvant TACE in HATACE regimen was not found for the patients with small (≤3 cm) HCC.
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Gabriely G, Ma D, Siddiqui S, Sun L, Skillin NP, Abou-El-Hassan H, Moreira TG, Donnelly D, da Cunha AP, Fujiwara M, Walton LR, Patel A, Krishnan R, Levine SS, Healy BC, Rezende RM, Murugaiyan G, Weiner HL. Myeloid cell subsets that express latency-associated peptide promote cancer growth by modulating T cells. iScience 2021; 24:103347. [PMID: 34820606 PMCID: PMC8602030 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid suppressor cells promote tumor growth by a variety of mechanisms which are not fully characterized. We identified myeloid cells (MCs) expressing the latency-associated peptide (LAP) of TGF-β on their surface and LAPHi MCs that stimulate Foxp3+ Tregs while inhibiting effector T cell proliferation and function. Blocking TGF-β inhibits the tolerogenic ability of LAPHi MCs. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of LAPHi MCs promotes Treg accumulation and tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, anti-LAP antibody, which reduces LAPHi MCs, slows cancer progression. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis on tumor-derived immune cells revealed LAPHi dominated cell subsets with distinct immunosuppressive signatures, including those with high levels of MHCII and PD-L1 genes. Analogous to mice, LAP is expressed on myeloid suppressor cells in humans, and these cells are increased in glioma patients. Thus, our results identify a previously unknown function by which LAPHi MCs promote tumor growth and offer therapeutic intervention to target these cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Jounce Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Duanduan Ma
- MIT Biomicro Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shafiuddin Siddiqui
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Linqing Sun
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nathaniel P. Skillin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thais G. Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dustin Donnelly
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andre P. da Cunha
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Jounce Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mai Fujiwara
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lena R. Walton
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Novartis Institute of BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amee Patel
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Novartis Institute of BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rajesh Krishnan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stuart S. Levine
- MIT Biomicro Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brian C. Healy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rafael M. Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nooh HA, Abdellateif MS, Refaat L, Kandeel EZ, Bayoumi A, Samra M, Khafagy M. The role of inflammatory indices in the outcome of COVID-19 cancer patients. Med Oncol 2021; 39:6. [PMID: 34748094 PMCID: PMC8573297 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To assess the prognostic role of different inflammatory indices on the outcome of cancer patients with COVID-19. Sixty-two adults and 22 pediatric cancer patients with COVID-19 infection were assessed for the prognostic value of certain inflammatory indices including the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), derived NLR (dNLR), systemic inflammation index (SII), mean platelet volume to platelet ratio (MPR), C-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio (CRP/L), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and neutrophil to lymphocyte, platelet ratio (NLPR). Data were correlated to patients' outcome regarding ICU admission, and incidence of mortality. Increased CRP/L ratio in adult COVID-19 cancer patients was significantly associated with inferior survival [152 (19-2253) in non-survivors, compared to 27.4 (0.8-681) in survivors (P = 0.033)]. It achieved a sensitivity (60%) and a specificity (90.2%) at a cut-off 152, while it achieved a sensitivity of 60% and specificity 95.1% at a cut-off 252 (AUC 0.795, P = 0.033). When combining both CRP/L and NLPR for the prediction of poor outcome in adult cancer patients with COVID19, the sensitivity increased to 80% and the specificity was 70.7% (AUC 0.805, P = 0.027). Increased incidence of ICU admission in pediatric cancer patients associated significantly with the severity of covid19 infection, decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) < 28.3, increased red cell distribution width (RDW) > 16, lymphopenia < 1.04, pseudo Pelger-Huet appearance, and PLR < 196.4 (P = 0.004, P = 0.040, P = 0.029, P = 0. 0.039, P = 0.050, and P = 0.040; respectively). The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), MCH, and RDW could be useful prognostic markers for poor outcome in COVID-19 pediatric cancer patients (P < 0.05 for all). Increased both CRP/L and NLPR associated significantly with poor survival in adult COVID-19 cancer patients, while PLR associated significantly with ICU admission in pediatric COVID-19 cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend A Nooh
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Abdellateif
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. .,Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Lobna Refaat
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Z Kandeel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Bayoumi
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Samra
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Medhat Khafagy
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gurizzan C, Pedersini R, Fornaro C, Sardini C, Zamparini M, Monteverdi S, Tovazzi V, Cosentini D, Dalla Volta A, Baggi A, Turla A, Di Mauro P, Lorini L, Laganà M, Bianchi S, Grisanti S, Consoli F, Conti E, Bossi P, Berruti A. Accurate Triage of Oncological Patients for Safely Continuing Cancer Therapy During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Front Oncol 2021; 11:707346. [PMID: 34722252 PMCID: PMC8552044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.707346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of clinical triage of oncological patients for safe continuation of cancer therapy implemented during the first SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Methods Between 25 February and 21 April 2020, patients attending the Medical Oncology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia (Italy) for cancer therapy underwent triage to identify those with no signs and symptoms suspicious for SARS-CoV-2 infection in which antineoplastic treatment could be continued as scheduled. Triage questions investigated common symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, dyspnea, anosmia, dysgeusia, headache, nasal congestion, conjunctival congestion, sore throat, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting); body temperature and pulse oximetry were also recorded. All patients were followed-up for overt SARS-CoV-2 through to 18th May 2020. Results Overall, 1180 patients (median age 65 years) underwent triage during the study period. The most frequent primary malignances were breast (32%), gastrointestinal (18%), and lung (16.5%) cancer. Thirty-one (2.5%) presented with clinically evident SARS-CoV-2 infection and tested positive on nasopharyngeal swab testing and/or radiological imaging. Triage identified 69 (6%) grey zone patients with symptoms suspicious for SARS-CoV-2; 5 (7.2%) subsequently developed symptomatic disease. Neither the symptomatic nor the grey zone patients received their scheduled treatment; instead, they were referred for hospitalization or home quarantine. Conclusion Triage of oncological patients at our Unit provided for safe continuation of scheduled cancer treatment in 91.5% of patients during the initial SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gurizzan
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pedersini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carla Fornaro
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sardini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuel Zamparini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Monteverdi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria Tovazzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Volta
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Baggi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Turla
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Di Mauro
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Lorini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Laganà
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Susanna Bianchi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Consoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Conti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Exosomes Derived from RM-1 Cells Promote the Recruitment of MDSCs into Tumor Microenvironment by Upregulating CXCR4 via TLR2/NF- κB Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5584406. [PMID: 34659412 PMCID: PMC8519695 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5584406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a critical role in tumor immune escape because of its remarkable immunosuppressive effect. However, the mechanism of MDSCs migrated into tumor microenvironment remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the recruitment of MDSCs can be promoted by exosomes derived from prostate cancer cells, which could upregulate chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) via the TLR2/NF-κB signalling pathway. Flow cytometry detected that the percentage of MDSCs in the mice spleen and tumor tissue was significantly increased after injection with exosomes via mouse tail vein. Transwell chemotaxis assay showed the recruitment of MDSCs toward the lower chamber was enhanced after stimulation with exosomes, and the migration ability could be inhibited by AMD3100 (a CXCR4 specific inhibitor) both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, Western blot and flow cytometry verified a remarkably increase of CXCR4 in MDSCs after incubation with exosomes; meanwhile, the protein level of TLR2 and activation of NF-κB were also strengthened obviously. Nevertheless, after blocking TLR2 by C29 (a TLR2-specific inhibitor), the expression of p-p65 and CXCR4, which were hypothesized as the downstream target of TLR2, was prominently reduced. In conclusion, prostate cancer-derived exosomes could reinforce CXCR4 expression in MDSCs through the TLR2/NF-κB signalling pathway, eventually promoting migration of MDSCs into tumor microenvironment in a CXCR4-CXCL12 axis-dependent manner.
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Nelson A, Lukacs JD, Johnston B. The Current Landscape of NKT Cell Immunotherapy and the Hills Ahead. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205174. [PMID: 34680322 PMCID: PMC8533824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of lipid-reactive T cells that enhance anti-tumor immunity. While preclinical studies have shown NKT cell immunotherapy to be safe and effective, clinical studies lack predictable therapeutic efficacy and no approved treatments exist. In this review, we outline the current strategies, challenges, and outlook for NKT cell immunotherapy. Abstract NKT cells are a specialized subset of lipid-reactive T lymphocytes that play direct and indirect roles in immunosurveillance and anti-tumor immunity. Preclinical studies have shown that NKT cell activation via delivery of exogenous glycolipids elicits a significant anti-tumor immune response. Furthermore, infiltration of NKT cells is associated with a good prognosis in several cancers. In this review, we aim to summarize the role of NKT cells in cancer as well as the current strategies and status of NKT cell immunotherapy. This review also examines challenges and future directions for improving the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.N.); (J.D.L.)
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jordan D. Lukacs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.N.); (J.D.L.)
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Brent Johnston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.N.); (J.D.L.)
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Qian W, Ye Y, Zuo L, Song T, Xu Q, Wang Y, Qian J, Tian Y. Immune checkpoint inhibitors use and effects on prognosis of COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:1271-1282. [PMID: 34431319 PMCID: PMC8388614 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to quantify the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on the prognosis of COVID-19. Materials & methods: A meta-analysis was conducted and the hospitalization, severe disease and mortality rates were assessed. Thirteen studies comprising of 4614 cancer patients with COVID-19 were included. Results: When compared with cancer patients without prior ICI exposure, patients with prior ICI treatment exhibited a higher rate of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% CI 1.19-3.38, p = 0.01). However, the OR of severe disease and mortality in ICI exposed cases was similar to non-ICI exposed patients (OR 1.55, 95% CI 0.69-3.51, p = 0.29; OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.85-1.48, p = 0.42, respectively). Conclusion: It is uncertain whether prior exposure to ICIs increases the risk of severe disease and death, however the observed OR suggest a higher rate of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ying Ye
- Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College. 99 Huaihaixi Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China
| | - Ting Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Qingdao, No. 9 Fushun Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266033, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji University Cancer Center, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Che Y, Yang Y, Suo J, Chen C, Wang X. Intratumoral Injection of a Human Papillomavirus Therapeutic Vaccine-Induced Strong Anti-TC-1-Grafted Tumor Activity in Mice. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7339-7354. [PMID: 34584459 PMCID: PMC8464315 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s329471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The route of administration of a therapeutic tumor vaccine is a critical factor in inducing antitumor activity. In this study, we explored the effects of three vaccination routes (subcutaneous, peritumoral, and intratumoral injection) on antitumor activity induced by a human papillomavirus (HPV) therapeutic vaccine containing HPV16 E7 peptide combined with the adjuvant CpG ODN in established TC-1 grafted tumors. Methods We used flow cytometry to evaluate splenic and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We also assessed transcriptional changes in a sequence of immune-related genes in tumors of different treatment groups using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of molecules related to tumor infiltrating immune cells, angiogenesis, and cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor tissues. Results Our results suggested that intratumoral and peritumoral vaccination generated enhanced antitumor activity compared to subcutaneous delivery. In particular, intratumoral vaccination elicited a stronger antitumor effect, with two of the six treated mice being nearly tumor-free at day 28. Three vaccination routes induced increases in splenic CD4+ and/or CD8+ T lymphocytes, and marked decreases in immunosuppressive cells. Peritumoral vaccination increased the tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells in tumors, while intratumoral vaccination enhanced the tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as decreased the tumor-infiltrating of immunosuppressive cells, which may result in stronger inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival in mice bearing tumors. Furthermore, compared to the subcutaneous route, intratumoral vaccination led to a significant increase in antitumor cytokines and chemokines. In addition, our data showed marked downregulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, CD31, and α-SMA in the intratumoral vaccination group, which might contribute to the suppression of tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Conclusion Overall, intratumoral vaccination is superior to subcutaneous delivery and has the potential to inhibit tumor growth by improving the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Che
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguo Suo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Asgarzade A, Ziyabakhsh A, Asghariazar V, Safarzadeh E. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Important communicators in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis and its potential therapeutic significance. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:782-790. [PMID: 34272089 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a recognized chronic condition associated with immune system disorders that affect women nine times more commonly than men. SLE is characterized by over-secretion and release of autoantibodies in response to different cellular compartments and self-tolerance breaks to its own antigens. The detailed immunological dysregulation as an associated event that elicits the onset of clinical manifestations of SLE has not been clarified yet. Though, research using several animal models in the last two decades has indicated the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of this disease. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as heterogeneous myeloid cells, are responsible for severe pathological conditions, including infection, autoimmunity, and cancer, by exerting considerable immunosuppressive effects on T-cells responses. It has been reported that these cells are involved in the regulation process of the immune response in several autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE. The function of MDSC is deleterious in infection and cancer diseases, though their role is more complicated in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarized the role and function of MDSCs in the pathogenesis and progression of SLE and its possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asgarzade
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Ziyabakhsh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Huang Y, Hu Z, Hu D, Quan Z, Zhou X, Fan G, Chen X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Chen G, Wu Y, Zhang F, Mao C, Xia H, Liang J, Yang B, Jiang H, Huang C, Barajas-Martínez H, Hu D. Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and cardiac manifestations of cancer patients with COVID-19. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:966-976. [PMID: 34236244 PMCID: PMC8422422 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00325.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been associated with cardiovascular features, which may be deteriorated in patients with cancer. However, cardiac outcomes of cancer patients with COVID-19 have not been closely examined. We retrospectively assessed 1,244 patients with COVID-19 from February 1 to August 31, 2020 (140 cancer and 1,104 noncancer patients). Demographic and clinical data were obtained and compared between cancer and noncancer groups. Including the cardiac biomarkers, we also analyzed laboratory findings between these two groups. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality were identified by multivariable Cox regression models. For cancer group, 56% were in severe and critical status with more diabetes and immune deficiency, whereas the proportion was 10% for noncancer group. Patients with cancer had increased levels of leukocyte, neutrophil count, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (all P < 0.01), whereas lymphocyte count was significantly lower (P < 0.001). The most common solid tumor types were gastrointestinal cancer (26%), lung cancer (21%), and breast and reproductive cancer (both 19%). There is a rising for cardiac biomarkers, including pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (Pro-BNP), sensitive troponin I (cTnI), myoglobin (MYO), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), as well as D-Dimer in COVID-19 cancer population, especially in deceased subjects with cancer. The 30-day in-hospital mortality in cancer group was dramatically raised than that in noncancer group (12.9% vs. 4.0%, P < 0.01). In multivariable Cox regression models, fever, disease severity status, and underlying diseases were risk factors for mortality. COVID-19 patients with cancer relate to deteriorating conditions and poor cardiac outcomes accompanied by a high in-hospital mortality, which warrants more aggressive treatment. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study indicates that the 30-day mortality is higher in COVID-19 patients with cancer; more COVID-19 patients with cancer are in severe and critical status; age, respiratory rate, neutrophil count, AST, BUN, MYO, Pro-BNP, disease severity status, underlying diseases, and fever are risk factors for in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 cancer cases; COVID-19 patients with cancer display severely impaired myocardium, damaged heart function, and imbalanced homeostasis of coagulation; what is more, those with both cancer and CVD have more significantly increased Pro-BNP and D-Dimer level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenhong Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Hu
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhou Quan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guohua Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhonghe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ganxiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanwen Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangqi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Congzheng Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinjun Liang
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hector Barajas-Martínez
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania.,Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Pasello G, Menis J, Pilotto S, Frega S, Belluomini L, Pezzuto F, Caliò A, Sepulcri M, Cernusco NLV, Schiavon M, Infante MV, Damin M, Micheletto C, Del Bianco P, Giovannetti R, Bonanno L, Fantoni U, Guarneri V, Calabrese F, Rea F, Milella M, Conte P. How the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted on Integrated Care Pathways for Lung Cancer: The Parallel Experience of a COVID-Spared and a COVID-Dedicated Center. Front Oncol 2021; 11:669786. [PMID: 34262861 PMCID: PMC8273534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.669786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has proved to be a historic challenge for healthcare systems, particularly with regard to cancer patients. So far, very limited data have been presented on the impact on integrated care pathways (ICPs). Methods We reviewed the ICPs of lung cancer patients who accessed the Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV)/University Hospital of Padua (Center 1) and the University Hospital of Verona (Center 2) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, through sixteen indicators chosen by the members of a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Results Two window periods (March and April 2019 and 2020) were chosen for comparison. Endoscopic diagnostic procedures and major resections for early stage NSCLC patients increased at Center 1, where a priority pathway with dedicated personnel was established for cancer patients. A slight decrease was observed at Center 2 which became part of the COVID unit. Personnel shortage and different processing methods of tumor samples determined a slightly longer time for diagnostic pathway completion at both Centers. Personnel protection strategies led to a MDT reshape on a web basis and to a significant selection of cases to be discussed in both Centers. The optimization of patient access to healthcare units reduced first outpatient oncological visits, patient enrollment in clinical trials, and end-of-life cancer systemic treatments; finally, a higher proportion of hypofractionation was delivered as a radiotherapy approach for early stage and locally advanced NSCLC. Conclusions Based on the experience of the two Centers, we identified the key steps in ICP that were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic so as to proactively put in place a robust service provision of thoracic oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pasello
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jessica Menis
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Pilotto
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Frega
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Belluomini
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Pezzuto
- University of Padova, Medical School, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Caliò
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Sepulcri
- Radiation Oncology Department, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Nunzia Luna Valentina Cernusco
- Radiation Oncology Department, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavon
- University of Padova, Medical School, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Valentino Infante
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Damin
- University of Padova, Medical School, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Micheletto
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Del Bianco
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giovannetti
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanno
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Umberto Fantoni
- University of Padova, Medical School, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- University of Padova, Medical School, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- University of Padova, Medical School, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - PierFranco Conte
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Dauti Işıklar A, Deniz C, Soyder A, Güldoğan N, Yılmaz E, Başaran G. How Do Breast Cancer Patients Present Following COVID-19 Early Peak in a Breast Cancer Center in Turkey? Eur J Breast Health 2021; 17:253-257. [PMID: 34263153 DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed an unprecedented burden on healthcare systems and restricted resources for non-COVID patients worldwide. Treatment approaches and follow-up plans have been modified to prevent the risk of infection for patients and healthcare workers. Patients prefer to delay or cancel their treatments during the peak period of infection. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics of patients with breast cancer who were consulted at our outpatient clinic right after early COVID-19 peak in May and June 2020 and compared them with the same period in 2017 to 2019. Results The number of patients who consulted at our outpatient medical oncology clinic declined in May and June 2020. This decline was regardless of stage and was larger in May than in June 2020. In general, the distribution of tumor subtypes [luminal, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positive, and triple negative] was not different from 2017 to 2020. Less than half of the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy following early COVID-19 peak in May and June 2020. Few patients received chemotherapy for metastatic disease, whereas many metastatic patients received endocrine therapy. None of the consulted new patients had a non-invasive disease. More patients received endocrine therapy than chemotherapy. Conclusion The presentation patterns of patients with breast cancer after early COVID-19 peak differed from those during the same period in the last 3 years. The pandemic affected the number of new patients consulted and the way medical oncologists treat their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cem Deniz
- Acıbadem University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aykut Soyder
- Breast Health Center, Acıbadem Altunizade Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Güldoğan
- Breast Health Center, Acıbadem Altunizade Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yılmaz
- Breast Health Center, Acıbadem Altunizade Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Başaran
- Breast Health Center, Acıbadem Altunizade Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.,Acıbadem University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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38
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Schifferli A, Cavalli F, Godeau B, Liebman HA, Recher M, Imbach P, Kühne T. Understanding Immune Thrombocytopenia: Looking Out of the Box. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:613192. [PMID: 34249957 PMCID: PMC8266194 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.613192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is increasingly being elucidated, and its etiology is becoming more frequently identified, leading to a diagnostic shift from primary to secondary ITP. The overlap between autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and cancer is evident, implying more interdisciplinarity in daily care. This mini-review is based on an expert meeting on ITP organized by the Intercontinental Cooperative ITP Study Group and presents the challenges of hematologists in understanding and investigating “out of the box” concepts associated with ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schifferli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Intercontinental Cooperative Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) Study Group, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franco Cavalli
- Lymphoma Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Godeau
- Centre de Référence des Cytopénies Auto-Immunes de l'Adulte, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Howard A Liebman
- Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mike Recher
- Medical Outpatient Clinic and Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Imbach
- Intercontinental Cooperative Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) Study Group, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kühne
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Intercontinental Cooperative Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) Study Group, Basel, Switzerland
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39
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Viansone AA, Ammari S, Dercle L, Arnedos M. Optimizing the Management of Cancer Patients Treated With Systemic Therapies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The New Role of PCR and CT Scan. Front Oncol 2021; 11:560585. [PMID: 34123768 PMCID: PMC8194693 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.560585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In late 2019 and early 2020, the world witnessed the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 (also referred as COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Its rapid expansion worldwide and its contagiousness rate have forced the activation of several measures to contain the pandemic, mostly through confinement and identification of infected patients and potential contacts by testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro A. Viansone
- Breast Unit, Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Breast Unit–Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Samy Ammari
- Radiology Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurent Dercle
- Radiology Department, Columbia University Medical Center New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Monica Arnedos
- Breast Unit, Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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40
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Ayhan M, Odabas H, Turan N, Ozyukseler DT, Kostek O, Alkan G, Abamor E, Yildirim ME. Factors affecting the mortality rate of patients with cancer hospitalized with COVID-19: a single center's experience. J Chemother 2021; 33:499-508. [PMID: 34032198 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.1923153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The main objective is to define the mortality of patients with cancer admitted to our hospital, their clinical and demographic characteristics, investigate the risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer, and determine factors that affect the mortality rates of patients with cancer dying of COVID-19. A total of 2401 patients were admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 from March 11th, 2020, to May 31st, 2020. Ninety-two out of a total of 112 cancer patients were included in this study based on the planned inclusion/exclusion criteria. The clinical, demographic, and laboratory features and treatments provided were studied, and their effect on mortality rates was analyzed. In our study the median age of the patients was 67 years, and 55.4% were male. More than half (56.5%) of our patients had metastasis. The mortality rate was 6.2% in the overall population with COVID-19, whereas it was 23.9% in patients with cancer. The mortality rate in patients with metastasis was statistically significantly higher compared with those without metastasis (34.0% vs. 10.3% P = 0.008). The mortality rate in patients still smoking was statistically significantly higher than in non-smokers (37.5% vs. 12.5% P = 0.033). The mortality rates of patients with high average C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and D-dimer levels were statistically significantly higher than in those without, and the mortality rates of patients with lower average albumin and hemoglobin levels were statistically significantly higher than those without (P < 0.001, P = 0.006, P = 0.041, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.028, respectively). Having metastases concurrent with COVID-19 was a statistically significant factor predictive of prognosis. Also, high CRP, ferritin, LDH, and D-dimer, and low albumin and hemoglobin were related to increased mortality rates. The predictive and prognostic role of possible factors related to prognosis is still unknown and further large, multicenter prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ayhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science University Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Odabas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science University Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nedim Turan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science University Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Tataroglu Ozyukseler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science University Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Kostek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Edirne Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Gulin Alkan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Abamor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Health Science University Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Emre Yildirim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science University Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Zalfa C, Paust S. Natural Killer Cell Interactions With Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment and Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633205. [PMID: 34025641 PMCID: PMC8133367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of cancer cells, tumor stroma, a mixture of tissue-resident and infiltrating immune cells, secreted factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in fighting tumors, but chronic stimulation and immunosuppression in the TME lead to NK cell exhaustion and limited antitumor functions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells with potent immunosuppressive activity that gradually accumulate in tumor tissues. MDSCs interact with innate and adaptive immune cells and play a crucial role in negatively regulating the immune response to tumors. This review discusses MDSC-mediated NK cell regulation within the TME, focusing on critical cellular and molecular interactions. We review current strategies that target MDSC-mediated immunosuppression to enhance NK cell cytotoxic antitumor activity. We also speculate on how NK cell-based antitumor immunotherapy could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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42
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Zhou P, Liu W, Cheng Y, Qian D. Nanoparticle-based applications for cervical cancer treatment in drug delivery, gene editing, and therapeutic cancer vaccines. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1718. [PMID: 33942532 PMCID: PMC8459285 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of gynecological tumor related deaths worldwide. The applications of conventional approaches such as chemoradiotherapy and surgery are restricted due to their side effects and drug resistances. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as novel choices, their clinical response rates are rather limited. To date there is a lack of effective treatment regimens for patients with metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer. Recently nanomaterials like liposomes, dendrimers, and polymers are considered as promising delivery carriers with advantages of tumor‐specific administration, reduced toxicity, and improved biocompatibility. Here, we review the applications of nanoparticles in the fields of drug delivery, CRISPR based genome‐editing and therapeutic vaccines in cervical cancer treatment. This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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43
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Dehghan M, Namjoo Z, Zarei A, Tajedini H, Bahrami A, Zakeri MA. The Relationship between Coronavirus Anxiety, Mindfulness and Spiritual Health in Patients with Cancer: A Survey in Southeast Iran. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:443-452. [PMID: 34053210 PMCID: PMC8169327 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has caused major health problems, including anxiety in cancer patients worldwide. Spiritual health and mindfulness are considered as factors affecting anxiety. This study addressed the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety, spiritual health and mindfulness in patients with cancer. METHODS One hundred and eighty-four cancer patients participated in this cross-sectional study. The data were collected with convenience sampling method from two oncology centers from 15 June to 15 July 2020 in the southeast Iran. Patients completed the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Form, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), The Freiburg Mindfulness inventory-Short Form (FMI-SF) and Spiritual Health Scale. RESULTS According to the psychological symptom subscale (CDAS), 61.4% of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety. According to the physical symptom subscale, 38% of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety. No significant association was found between corona disease anxiety and mindfulness/spiritual health (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed high levels of mental and physical anxiety and worries about COVID-19 disease in cancer patients, which led to challenges in their lives. It is necessary to review and implement effective interventions in future studies to prevent anxiety and its consequences in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlagha Dehghan
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zakieh Namjoo
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zarei
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tajedini
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zakeri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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44
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Multi-talented immune suppressive cells that can be either helpful or harmful. Cell Immunol 2021; 365:104374. [PMID: 34038759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Li Y, Wu Y, Hu Y. Metabolites in the Tumor Microenvironment Reprogram Functions of Immune Effector Cells Through Epigenetic Modifications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641883. [PMID: 33927716 PMCID: PMC8078775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism of both cancer and immune cells in the acidic, hypoxic, and nutrient-depleted tumor microenvironment (TME) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Accumulating evidence has shown that cancer cells in TME could outcompete immune cells for nutrients and at the same time, producing inhibitory products that suppress immune effector cell functions. Recent progress revealed that metabolites in the TME could dysregulate gene expression patterns in the differentiation, proliferation, and activation of immune effector cells by interfering with the epigenetic programs and signal transduction networks. Nevertheless, encouraging studies indicated that metabolic plasticity and heterogeneity between cancer and immune effector cells could provide us the opportunity to discover and target the metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer cells while potentiating the anti-tumor functions of immune effector cells. In this review, we will discuss the metabolic impacts on the immune effector cells in TME and explore the therapeutic opportunities for metabolically enhanced immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.,Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.,Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Liang J, Jin G, Liu T, Wen J, Li G, Chen L, Wang W, Wang Y, Liao W, Song J, Ding Z, Chen XP, Zhang B. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19. Front Med 2021; 15:264-274. [PMID: 33754280 PMCID: PMC7985225 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cancer are at increased risk of severe infections. From a cohort including 3060 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 109 (3.4%) cancer patients were included in this study. Among them, 23 (21.1%) patients died in the hospital. Cancer patients, especially those with hematological malignancies (41.6%), urinary carcinoma (35.7%), malignancies of the digestive system (33.3%), gynecological malignancies (20%), and lung cancer (14.3%), had a much higher mortality than patients without cancer. A total of 19 (17.4%) cancer patients were infected in the hospital. The clinical characteristics of deceased cancer patients were compared with those of recovered cancer patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that a Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS2002) score ⩾ 3 (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 11.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.60–26.32; P < 0.001), high-risk type (adjusted HR 18.81; 95% CI 4.21–83.93; P < 0.001), tumor stage IV (adjusted HR 4.26; 95% CI 2.34–7.75; P < 0.001), and recent adjuvant therapy (< 1 month) (adjusted HR 3.16; 95% CI 1.75–5.70; P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for in-hospital death after adjusting for age, comorbidities, D-dimer, and lymphocyte count. In conclusion, cancer patients showed a higher risk of COVID-19 infection with a poorer prognosis than patients without cancer. Cancer patients with high-risk tumor, NRS2002 score ⩾ 3, advanced tumor stage, and recent adjuvant therapy (< 1 month) may have high risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Liver Cancer Institute, and Hubei Key Laboratory of HPB Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guannan Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Tongji Multidisciplinary Team for Treating COVID-19 (TTTC), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Liver Cancer Institute, and Hubei Key Laboratory of HPB Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ganxun Li
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Liver Cancer Institute, and Hubei Key Laboratory of HPB Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Liver Cancer Institute, and Hubei Key Laboratory of HPB Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Tongji Multidisciplinary Team for Treating COVID-19 (TTTC), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Liver Cancer Institute, and Hubei Key Laboratory of HPB Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Liver Cancer Institute, and Hubei Key Laboratory of HPB Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Liver Cancer Institute, and Hubei Key Laboratory of HPB Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Liver Cancer Institute, and Hubei Key Laboratory of HPB Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zeyang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Liver Cancer Institute, and Hubei Key Laboratory of HPB Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Tongji Multidisciplinary Team for Treating COVID-19 (TTTC), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Liver Cancer Institute, and Hubei Key Laboratory of HPB Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Tongji Multidisciplinary Team for Treating COVID-19 (TTTC), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Liver Cancer Institute, and Hubei Key Laboratory of HPB Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Tongji Multidisciplinary Team for Treating COVID-19 (TTTC), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Liu P, Peng C, Chen X, Wu L, Yin M, Li J, Qin Q, Kuang Y, Zhu W. Acitretin Promotes the Differentiation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Treatment of Psoriasis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:625130. [PMID: 33834031 PMCID: PMC8021725 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.625130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are involved in the development of psoriasis. Acitretin is used to treat psoriasis by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, but little is known about the effect of acitretin on immune cells. Here, we reported that psoriasis patients had an expansion of MDSCs and monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSCs) in peripheral blood and skin lesions. The number of MDSCs and M-MDSCs in peripheral blood correlated positively with disease severity. Acitretin could reduce the number of MDSCs and M-MDSCs in the peripheral blood of psoriasis patients as well as the spleen and skin lesions of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like model mice. Moreover, acitretin promoted the differentiation of MDSCs into macrophages, especially CD206+ M2 macrophages, and CD11c+MHC-II+ dendritic cells. Mechanically, acitretin dramatically increased the glutathione synthase (GSS) expression and glutathione (GSH) accumulation in MDSCs. Interruption of GSH synthesis abrogated the acitretin effect on MDSCs differentiation. Acitretin regulated GSS expression via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Thus, our data demonstrated a novel mechanism underlying the effects of acitretin on psoriasis by promoting MDSCs differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Liu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Peng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China.,Gerontology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lisha Wu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Qunshi Qin
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Yehong Kuang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Zhu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China.,Gerontology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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48
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Zeng D, Wang M, Wu J, Lin S, Ye Z, Zhou R, Wang G, Wu J, Sun H, Bin J, Liao Y, Li N, Shi M, Liao W. Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Revealed by Immune Cell Landscape in Pre-metastatic Liver of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620688. [PMID: 33833986 PMCID: PMC8021849 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality, is prone to metastasis, especially to the liver. The pre-metastatic microenvironment comprising various resident stromal cells and immune cells is essential for metastasis. However, how the dynamic evolution of immune components facilitates pre-metastatic niche formation remains unclear. Methods: Utilizing RNA-seq data from our orthotopic colorectal cancer mouse model, we applied single sample gene set enrichment analysis and Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts to investigate the tumor microenvironment landscape of pre-metastatic liver, and define the exact role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) acting in the regulation of infiltrating immune cells and gene pathways activation. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to quantify the MDSCs levels in human and mice samples. Results: In the current work, based on the high-throughput transcriptome data, we depicted the immune cell infiltration pattern of pre-metastatic liver and highlighted MDSCs as the dominant altered cell type. Notably, flow cytometry analysis showed that high frequencies of MDSCs, was detected in the pre-metastatic liver of orthotopic colorectal cancer tumor-bearing mice, and in the peripheral blood of patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer. MDSCs accumulation in the liver drove immunosuppressive factors secretion and immune checkpoint score upregulation, consequently shaping the pre-metastatic niche with sustained immune suppression. Metabolic reprogramming such as upregulated glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and HIF-1 signaling pathways in the primary tumor was also demonstrated to correlate with MDSCs infiltration in the pre-metastatic liver. Some chemokines were identified as a potential mechanism for MDSCs recruitment. Conclusion: Collectively, our study elucidates the alterations of MDSCs during pre-metastatic niche transformation, and illuminates the latent biological mechanism by which primary tumors impact MDSC aggregation in the targeted liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqiang Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaohong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilan Ye
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nailin Li
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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49
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Kong X, Qi Y, Huang J, Zhao Y, Zhan Y, Qin X, Qi Z, Atanda AJ, Zhang L, Wang J, Fang Y, Jia P, Golozar A, Zhang L, Jiang Y. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cancer patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of global data. Cancer Lett 2021; 508:30-46. [PMID: 33757803 PMCID: PMC7980494 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are minimal data regarding the prevalence of cancer in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as the incidence of severe illness and rate of mortality in COVID-19 patients with cancer. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched, from database inception to July 15, 2020, for studies of patients with COVID-19 that included information regarding comorbid cancer. In total, 109 eligible global studies were included in this systematic review. Ninety studies with 94,845 COVID-19 patients, among which 4106 exhibited comorbid cancer, were included in the meta-analysis regarding prevalence of comorbid cancer. Twenty-three studies with 71,969 COVID-19 patients, among which 4351 with comorbid cancer had severe illness or death, were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of cancer among COVID-19 patients was 0.07 (95% CI 0.05–0.09). The cancer prevalence in COVID-19 patients was higher in Europe (0.22, 95% CI 0.17–0.28) than in the Asia-Pacific region (0.04, 95% CI 0.03–0.06) or North America (0.05, 95% CI 0.04–0.06). The cancer prevalence in COVID-19 patients aged >60 years was 0.10 (95% CI 0.07–0.14), while the prevalence among patients aged ≤60 years was 0.05 (95% CI 0.03–0.06). The pooled prevalence of severe illness among COVID-19 patients with cancer was 0.34 (95% CI 0.26–0.42) and the pooled mortality rate of COVID-19 patients with cancer was 0.20 (95% CI 0.16–0.25). Pooled incidences of severe illness among COVID-19 patients with cancer from Asia Pacific, Europe, and North America were 0.38 (95% CI 0.24–0.52), 0.39 (95% CI 0.25–0.53), and 0.26 (95% CI 0.20–0.31), respectively; pooled mortality rates from the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, and North America were 0.17 (95% CI 0.10–0.24), 0.26 (95% CI 0.18–0.35), and 0.19 (95% CI 0.13–0.25), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yihang Qi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Zhao
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; WHO Collaborating Centre on Implementation Research for Prevention & Control of NCDs, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yongle Zhan
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuzhen Qin
- Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhihong Qi
- Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Adejare Jay Atanda
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, PR China; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.
| | - Asieh Golozar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre of Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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50
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He C, Hua X, Sun S, Li S, Wang J, Huang X. Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Related Genes ACE2, BSG and TMPRSS2 in Aerodigestive Cancers. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:791-802. [PMID: 33732005 PMCID: PMC7956868 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s300127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer patients are more vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than the general population, with lung epithelial cells or enterocytes being the main targets. However, the expressions of SARS-CoV-2 entry-related genes in aerodigestive cancers have not been fully elucidated. Methods In this study, the expressions of SARS-CoV-2 receptors and cofactors, including angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), basigin (BSG) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), were comprehensively assessed. We compared BSG and TMPRSS2 expressions between aerodigestive cancers and matched normal tissues through Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2). Furthermore, expressions in healthy colon tissues at different anatomical locations were explored using the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) dataset. In addition, expressions among different tumor stages and the prognostic values were detected through GEPIA2. Moreover, the correlation between gene expression and immune infiltration was explored via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Finally, expressions in primary colorectal cancer (CRC), lung metastasis and liver metastasis were investigated using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE41258. Results Similar to ACE2, TMPRSS2 and BSG were also highly expressed in the digestive tracts. Intriguingly, BSG/TMPRSS2 expression in adjacent normal colon tissue or lung tissue was higher than that in corresponding healthy tissue, whereas they varied not among different tumor stages and correlated not with prognosis in aerodigestive cancers. Moreover, ACE2 was expressed at higher levels in lung metastases from CRC than in normal lung tissues. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 entry genes were highly expressed in CRC, and we reported for the first time higher expression of ACE2 in lung metastases from CRC than in normal lung, indicating that these patients may be more susceptible to extrapulmonary or pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since our study is a bioinformatic analysis, further experimental evidences and clinical data are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin He
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hua
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
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