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Zhong X, Li C, Li Y, Huang Y, Liu J, Jiang A, Chen J, Peng Y. IRAK-M Plays A Role in the Pathology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Through Suppressing the Activation of Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7603-7610. [PMID: 38421467 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Interleukin receptor-associated kinases-M (IRAK-M) is an important negative regulatory factor in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway during microglia activation, and its mechanism in this process is still unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of IRAK-M and its protective effects for motor neurons in SOD1-G93A mouse model of ALS. qPCR (Real-time Quantitative PCR Detecting System) were used to examine the mRNA levels of IRAK-M in the spinal cord in both SOD1-G93A mice and their age-matched wild type (WT) littermates at 60, 100 and 140 days of age. We established an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-based platform by which IRAK-M was targeted mostly to microglial cells to investigate whether this approach could provide a protection in the SOD1-G93A mouse. Compared with age-matched WT mice, IRAK-M mRNA level was elevated at 100 and 140 days in the anterior horn region of spinal cords in the SOD1-G93A mouse. AAV9-IRAK-M treated SOD1-G93A mice showed reduction of IL-1β mRNA levels and significant improvements in the numbers of spinal motor neurons in spinal cord. Mice also showed previously reduction of muscle atrophy. Our data revealed the dynamic changes of IRAK-M during ALS pathological progression and demonstrated that an AAV9-IRAK-M delivery was an effective and translatable therapeutic approach for ALS. These findings may help identify potential molecular targets for ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuqiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanran Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingsi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Sun Y, Sun W, Liu J, Zhang B, Zheng L, Zou W. The dual role of microglia in intracerebral hemorrhage. Behav Brain Res 2024; 473:115198. [PMID: 39128628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage has the characteristics of high morbidity, disability and mortality, which has caused a heavy burden to families and society. Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system, and their activation plays a dual role in tissue damage after intracerebral hemorrhage. The damage in cerebral hemorrhage is embodied in the following aspects: releasing inflammatory factors and inflammatory mediators, triggering programmed cell death, producing glutamate induced excitotoxicity, and destroying blood-brain barrier; The protective effect is reflected in the phagocytosis and clearance of harmful substances by microglia, and the secretion of anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic factors. This article summarizes the function of microglia and its dual regulatory mechanism in intracerebral hemorrhage. In the future, drugs, acupuncture and other clinical treatments can be used to intervene in the activation state of microglia, so as to reduce the harm of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine Sciense Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Baiwen Zhang
- Clinical Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Clinical Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China.
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Ma Y, Wang J, Tang C, Li W, Lv X, Zhu S. Serum IRAK3 may serve as a prognostic biomarker in acute supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage: findings from a prospective observational cohort study. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1436997. [PMID: 39346771 PMCID: PMC11427260 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1436997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) modulates neuroinflammation. This study aimed to determine the prognostic role of serum IRAK3 in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, 152 patients with supratentorial ICH, along with 63 healthy controls, were recruited. Serum IRAK3 levels were measured at the time of enrollment for controls, at admission for all patients, and on poststroke days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 in a subset of 63 patients. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and hematoma volume. Poststroke 6-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were registered, with scores of 3-6 representing a poor prognosis. Multivariate models were established to investigate severity correlation and prognosis association. Results Serum IRAK3 levels were significantly elevated at the admission of patients, peaked at day 1, plateaued at day 3, gradually declined until day 15, and were substantially higher over the first 15 days poststroke than in controls. Admission serum IRAK3 levels were independently associated with NIHSS scores, hematoma volume, and 6-month mRS scores in a multivariate linear regression model. They were linearly correlated with the risk of poor prognosis in a restricted cubic spline analysis and were independently predictive of poor prognosis in a binary logistic regression model. Additionally, they demonstrated strong prognostic ability in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Using subgroup analysis, no interactions were found between admission serum IRAK3 levels and some routine variables, such as age, gender, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the model combining admission serum IRAK3, NIHSS scores, and hematoma volume demonstrated stability and clinical value in calibration and decision curve analyses. Conclusion A significant increase in serum IRAK3 levels during the early phase after ICH, strongly correlated with disease severity, is independently associated with a poor 6-month prognosis, establishing serum IRAK3 as a valuable prognostic biomarker for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suijun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Jingjing H, Tongqian W, Shirong Y, Lan M, Jing L, Shihui M, Haijian Y, Fang Y. S100A4 promotes experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by impacting microglial inflammation through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:112849. [PMID: 39241524 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerating autoimmune disease with no clinical cure currently. The calcium-binding protein S100A4 has been demonstrated to exert regulatory roles in inflammatory disorders including MS. However, the precise mechanisms by which S100A4 regulates neuroinflammation in MS remains unknown. To investigate the regulatory effect of S100A4 on microglial inflammation and its impact on neuroinflammation, the mouse-derived microglia cell line BV2 cells were infected with lentivirus to knockout S100A4 for in vitro studies. Wild-type (WT) and S100A4-/- mice were induced to develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, for in vivo investigation. Results indicated that the frequencies of microglia in the spinal cord and brain and the expression of S100A4 in these tissues varied kinetically along with the progression of the disease in mice with EAE. S100A4-/- mice presented ameliorated clinical scores of EAE and exhibited less severe EAE signs, including inflammatory cell infiltration in the spinal cord and brain and demyelination of the spinal cord. Moreover, these mice demonstrated overall reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord and brain. Compromised systematic inflammatory responses including circulating cytokines and frequencies of immune cells in the spleen were also observed in these mice. In addition, both exogenous and endogenous S100A4 could promote the microglial inflammation, affect the polarization of microglia and enhance inflamed microglia-mediated apoptosis of neuronal cells through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, S100A4 may participate in the regulation of neuroinflammation at least partly through regulating the inflammation of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Jingjing
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Wu Tongqian
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yan Shirong
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; School for Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Ma Lan
- School for Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Li Jing
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; School for Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Mo Shihui
- School for Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yan Haijian
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; School for Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
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Watany MM, Elhosary MM, El-Horany HE, El-Horany ME. Methylation of Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-3 and the risk of multiple sclerosis relapse/activity. Clin Immunol 2024; 266:110327. [PMID: 39053866 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This study retrospectively investigated the impact of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-3 (IRAK-3/IRAK-M) silencing by methylation on the likelihood of multiple sclerosis (MS) activity. This cross-sectional study included 90 patients with MS: 45 with active disease (Group 1), 45 in remission (Group 2), and 45 healthy controls. The study included quantitation of IRAK-3 methylation index (MI%), IRAK-3 mRNA, and myeloid differentiation factor88 (MyD88) and assessment of NF-κB activity. IRAK-3 MI% was significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2, accompanied by lower IRAK-3 mRNA expression, elevated circulating MyD88, and increased NF-κB activity. IRAK-3 MI% correlated negatively with its transcript and positively with MyD88 and NF-κB activity. A logistic regression model was created to predict active demyelination. The C-index was 0.924, which indicates a very strong prediction model. Within the limitations of current work, IRAK-3 methylation level seems to be a promising candidate biomarker for identifying MS patients at risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Watany
- Clinical pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Elhosary
- Msc Immunology from Tanta university, Faculty of Science, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Hemat E El-Horany
- Medical biochemistry department, Faculty of Medicine. Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Ha'il University, Ha'il 55211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud E El-Horany
- Neurology department, Faculty of Medicine. Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Zhang ZH, Wu TY, Ju C, Zuo XS, Wang XK, Ma YG, Luo L, Zhu ZJ, Song ZW, Yao Z, Zhou J, Wang Z, Hu XY. Photobiomodulation Increases M2-Type Polarization of Macrophages by Inhibiting Versican Production After Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6950-6967. [PMID: 38363534 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic accidence with little effective treatment, and inflammation played an important role in that. Previous studies showed photobiomodulation (PBM) could effectively downregulate the process of inflammation with modification of macrophage polarization after SCI; however, the potential mechanism behind that is still unclear. In the presented study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PBM on the expression level of versican, a matrix molecular believed to be associated with inflammation, and tried to find the mechanism on how that could regulate the inflammation process. Using immunofluorescence technique and western blot, we found the expression level of versican is increased after injury and markedly downregulated by irradiation treatment. Using virus intrathecal injection, we found the knock-down of versican could produce the effect similar to that of PBM and might have an effect on inflammation and macrophage polarization after SCI. To further verify the deduction, we peptide the supernatant of astrocytes to induce M0, M1, and M2 macrophages. We found that the versican produced by astrocytes might have a role on the promotion of M2 macrophages to inflammatory polarization. Finally, we investigated the potential pathway in the regulation of M2 polarization with the induction of versican. This study tried to give an interpretation on the mechanism of inflammation inhibition for PBM in the perspective of matrix regulation. Our results might provide light on the inflammation regulation after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ting-Yu Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cheng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuan-Kang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yang-Guang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhou Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xue-Yu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Pan H, Hu T, He Y, Zhong G, Wu S, Jiang X, Rao G, You Y, Ruan Z, Tang Z, Hu L. Curcumin attenuates aflatoxin B1-induced ileum injury in ducks by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:255-268. [PMID: 38400893 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widespread toxic contamination in feed for animals. The primary active component of turmeric, curcumin (Cur), is an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory. However, it is yet unknown how AFB1 affects the intestinal epithelial barrier and whether Cur acts as a protective mechanism when exposed to AFB1. Here, we explored the mechanism of AFB1-induced intestinal injury from intestinal epithelial barrier, inflammation, pyroptosis, and intestinal flora, and evaluated the protective role of Cur. We found that AFB1 caused weight loss and intestinal morphological damage that is mainly characterized by shortened intestinal villi, deepened crypts, and damaged intestinal epithelium. Exposure to AFB1 decreased the expression of Claudin-1, MUC2, ZO-1, and Occludin and increased the expression of pyroptosis-related factors (NLRP3, GSDMD, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18) and inflammation-related factors (TLR4, NF-κB, IκB, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). Furthermore, ileal gut microbiota was altered, and simultaneously, the Lactobacillus abundance was decreased. The gut microbiota interacts with a wide range of physiologic functions and disease development in the host through its metabolites, and disturbances in gut microbial metabolism can cause functional impairment of the ileum. Meanwhile, Cur can ameliorate histological ileum injuries and intestinal flora disturbance caused by AFB1. We found that Cur reversed the effects of AFB1 through modulating both NLRP3 inflammasome and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, AFB1 can induce inflammatory damage and pyroptosis in duck ileum, while Cur has obviously protective effects on all the above damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai City, 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gan Rao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanli You
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai City, 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiyan Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Food & Drug Vocational College, No. 321, Longdong North Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Zhao B, Zhang S, Amin N, Pan J, Wu F, Shen G, Tan M, Shi Z, Geng Y. Thymoquinone regulates microglial M1/M2 polarization after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the TLR4 signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology 2024; 101:54-67. [PMID: 38325603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke followed by microglia activation, and the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses after ischemic injury involves microglia polarization. microglia polarization is involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses and ischemic stroke-related brain damage. Thymoquinone (TQ) is an anti-inflammatory agent following ischemic stroke onset. However, the significance of TQ in microglia polarization following acute ischemic stroke is still unclear. We predicted that TQ might have neuroprotective properties by modulating microglia polarization. In this work, we mimicked the clinical signs of acute ischemic stroke using a mouse middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model. It was discovered that TQ treatment decreased I/R-induced infarct volume, cerebral oedema, and promoted neuronal survival, as well as improved the histopathological changes of brain tissue. The sensorimotor function was assessed by the Garica score, foot fault test, and corner test, and it was found that TQ could improve the motor deficits caused by I/R. Secondly, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, immuno-fluorescence, ELISA, and western blot were used to detect the expression of M1/M2-specific markers in microglia to explore the role of TQ in the modulation of microglial cell polarization after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. We found that TQ was able to promote the polarization of microglia with extremely secreted inflammatory factors from M1 type to M2 type. Furthermore, TQ could block the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway via Hif-1α activation which subsequently may attenuate microglia differentiation following the cerebral ischemia, establishing a mechanism for the TQ's beneficial effects in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Zhao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nashwa Amin
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Jie Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghong Shen
- Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Mingming Tan
- Department of Quality Management, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zongjie Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yu Geng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Rieder AS, Wyse ATS. Regulation of Inflammation by IRAK-M Pathway Can Be Associated with nAchRalpha7 Activation and COVID-19. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:581-592. [PMID: 37640915 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the vaccine development and its importance, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still impacting the world. It is known that the COVID-19 severity is related to the cytokine storm phenomenon, being inflammation a common disease feature. The nicotinic cholinergic system has been widely associated with COVID-19 since it plays a protective role in inflammation via nicotinic receptor alpha 7 (nAchRalpha7). In addition, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Spro) subunits can interact with nAchRalpha7. Moreover, Spro causes toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, leading to pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. The increase and maturation of the IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family are mediated by activation of membrane receptors, such as TLRs. IRAK-M, a member of this family, is responsible for negatively regulating the activity of other active IRAKs. In addition, IRAK-M can regulate microglia phenotype by specific protein expression. Furthermore, there exists an antagonist influence of SARS-CoV-2 Spro and the cholinergic system action on the IRAK-M pathway and microglia phenotype. We discuss the overexpression and suppression of IRAK-M in inflammatory cell response to inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection when the cholinergic system is constantly activated via nAchRalpha7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessanda S Rieder
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases (Wyse's Lab), Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases (Wyse's Lab), Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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10
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Yang K, Yang L, Chen X, Li J, Zheng B, Hu J, Wang H, Yu Q, Song G. Importance of serum IRAK3 as a biochemical marker in relation to severity and neurological outcome of human severe traumatic brain injury: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117754. [PMID: 38169195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) may modulate inflammation in brain immunity. We determined the prognostic role of serum IRAK3 in severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). METHODS In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, serum IRAK3 concentrations of 131 sTBI patients and 131 controls were quantified. Extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOSE) scores of 1-4 at 180 days after trauma signified a poor prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were sequentially adopted to appraise severity correlations and prognosis associations. RESULTS There were significantly higher serum IRAK3 concentrations in patients than in controls. Serum IRAK3 concentrations of patients were independently correlated with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores, Rotterdam computed tomography (CT) scores and posttraumatic180-day GOSE scores. Also, IRAK3 concentrations were independently associated with 180-day poor prognosis, but not with death. Prognosis prediction model, in which GCS scores, Rotterdam scores and serum IRAK3 concentrations were merged, was portrayed using the nomogram. The model was rather stable, clinically usable and efficiently discriminative of poor prognosis under calibration curve, decision curve and receiver operating characteristic curve. CONCLUSIONS A substantial enhancement of serum IRAK3 concentrations after head trauma is independently related to severity and neurological outcome, substantializing serum IRAK3 as a promising prognostic biomarker of sTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bokun Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juheng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Quanwang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guangtai Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang Province, China
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11
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Lin C, Wang S, Xie J, Zhu J, Xu J, Liu K, Chen J, Yu M, Zhong H, Huang K, Pan S. Ketogenic diet and β-Hydroxybutyrate alleviate ischemic brain injury in mice via an IRAKM-dependent pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175933. [PMID: 37481199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Ketogenic diet (KD) is a classical nonpharmacological therapy that has recently been shown to benefit cerebral ischemia, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of KD pretreatment and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB, bioactive product of KD) post-treatment in a mouse model of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Neurological function, infarct volume, as well as inflammatory reactions are evaluated 24 h after ischemia. Results showed that both KD pretreatment or BHB post-treatment improved the Bederson score and Grip test score, reduced infarct volume and the extravasation of IgG, suppressed the over-activation of microglia, and modulated the expression of cytokines. Mechanically, we found that both KD pretreatment or BHB post-treatment significantly stimulated the expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAKM) and then inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. IRAKM deletion (Irakm-/-) exacerbated tMCAO-induced neurovascular injuries, and aggravated neuroinflammatory response. Moreover, KD pretreatment or BHB post-treatment lost their neuroprotection in the tMCAO-treated Irakm-/- mice. Our results support that KD pretreatment and BHB post-treatment alleviate ischemic brain injury in mice, possibly via an IRAKM-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuman Lin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510420, China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jiancong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Mingjia Yu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Hengren Zhong
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, 570203, China
| | - Kaibin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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12
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Liang XS, Qian TL, Xiong YF, Liang XT, Ding YW, Zhu XY, Li YL, Zhou JL, Tan LY, Li WP, Xie W. IRAK-M Ablation Promotes Status Epilepticus-Induced Neuroinflammation via Activating M1 Microglia and Impairing Excitatory Synaptic Function. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5199-5213. [PMID: 37277682 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. The pro-epileptic and antiepileptic roles of microglia have recently garnered significant attention. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M, an important kinase in the innate immune response, is mainly expressed in microglia and acts as a negative regulator of the TLR4 signaling pathway that mediates the anti-inflammatory effect. However, whether IRAK-M exerts a protective role in epileptogenesis as well as the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these processes are yet to be elucidated. An epilepsy mouse model induced by pilocarpine was used in this study. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to analyze mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were employed to evaluate the glutamatergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons. Immunofluorescence was utilized to show the glial cell activation and neuronal loss. Furthermore, the proportion of microglia was analyzed using flow cytometry. Seizure dynamics influenced the expression of IRAK-M. Its knockout dramatically exacerbated the seizures and the pathology in epilepsy and increased the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) expression, thereby enhancing glutamatergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in mice. Furthermore, IRAK-M deficiency augmented hippocampal neuronal loss via a possible mechanism of NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity. IRAK-M deletion promotes microglia toward the M1 phenotype, which resulted in high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and was accompanied by a visible increase in the expressions of key microglial polarization-related proteins, including p-STAT1, TRAF6, and SOCS1. The findings demonstrate that IRAK-M dysfunction contributes to the progression of epilepsy by increasing M1 microglial polarization and glutamatergic synaptic transmission. This is possibly related to NMDARs, particularly Grin2A and Grin2B, which suggests that IRAK-M could serve as a novel therapeutic target for the direct alleviation of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shan Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ting-Lin Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Fan Xiong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yue-Wen Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yun-Lv Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jie-Li Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Le-Yi Tan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei-Peng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Neurology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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13
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Deng Y, Liao Y, Huang P, Yao Y, Liu W, Gu Y, Weng G. IRAK-M deficiency exacerbates dopaminergic neuronal damage in a mouse model of sub-acute Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport 2023; 34:463-470. [PMID: 37161987 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has proved that inflammatory responses aggravate the pathological progression of Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to identify the role of Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) as an important negative regulator of innate immunity, in the pathological progression of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injection was administered to prepare the acute and sub-acute Parkinson's disease mouse models. Western blot analysis was utilized to examine the protein expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase and IRAK-M. The mRNA expression levels of IRAK-M, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-β, and cyclooxygenase-2 were evaluated via using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in corpus striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the protein and mRNA levels of IRAK-M were considerably upregulated in corpus striatum and SNc tissues in the sub-acute Parkinson's disease model. Furthermore, IRAK-M knockout significantly enhanced the MPTP-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers in corpus striatum and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in SNc, and intensified the effect of MPTP on the activation of microglial cells and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, sub-acute Parkinson's disease mice with IRAK-M deletion exhibited worse motor abilities than those of wild-type littermates. Overall, the present study suggested that IRAK-M reduces dopaminergic neuron damage in sub-acute Parkinson's disease by suppressing inflammation, which may provide a new therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Deng
- Neurointerventional Department, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan
| | - Yuangao Liao
- Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, Hubei
| | | | - Yujian Yao
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Hainan Clinical Center for Encephalopathy of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Hainan Clinical Center for Encephalopathy of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Yong Gu
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Hainan Clinical Center for Encephalopathy of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Guohu Weng
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Hainan Clinical Center for Encephalopathy of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, PR China
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14
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Wang Y, Pei S, Liu Z, Ding Y, Qian T, Wen H, Hsu SW, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Wang H. IRAK-M suppresses the activation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis through inhibiting IRAK1 phosphorylation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:103. [PMID: 36765034 PMCID: PMC9918485 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers pyroptosis proinflammatory cell death in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the underlying mechanisms of the inflammatory processes of microglia in EAE remain unclear. Our previous studies suggested that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M down-regulates the toll-like receptor 4/interleukin-1 receptor signaling pathway. Here, we used IRAK-M knockout (IRAK-M-/-) mice and their microglia to dissect the role of IRAK-M in EAE. We found that deletion of IRAK-M increased the incidence rate and exacerbated the clinical symptoms in EAE mice. We then found that IRAK-M deficiency promoted the activation of microglia, activated NLRP3 inflammasomes, and enhanced GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in the microglia of EAE. In contrast, over-expression of IRAK-M exerted inhibitory effects on neuroinflammation, NLRP3 activation, and pyroptosis. Moreover, IRAK-M deficiency enhanced the phosphorylation of IRAK1, while IRAK-M over-expression downregulated the level of phosphorylated IRAK1. Finally, we found upregulated binding of IRAK1 and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in IRAK-M-/- EAE mice compared to WT mice, which was blocked in AAVIRAK-M EAE mice. Our study reveals a complex signaling network of IRAK-M, which negatively regulates microglial NLRP3 inflammasomes and pyroptosis by inhibiting IRAK1 phosphorylation during EAE. These findings suggest a potential target for the novel therapeutic approaches of multiple sclerosis (MS)/EAE and NLRP3-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Pei
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuhe Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuewen Ding
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tinglin Qian
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Wen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ssu-Wei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zheyi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, 545001, Liuzhou, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Meng F, Guo B, Ma YQ, Li KW, Niu FJ. Puerarin: A review of its mechanisms of action and clinical studies in ophthalmology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154465. [PMID: 36166943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pueraria is the common name of the dried root of either Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S.M.Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep (syn. Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi) or Pueraria montana var. thomsonii (Benth.) M.R.Almeida (syn. Pueraria thomsonii Benth.). Puerarin is a C-glucoside of the isoflavone daidzein extracted from Pueraria. It has been widely investigated to explore its therapeutic role in eye diseases and the molecular mechanisms. PURPOSE To collect the available literature from 2000 to 2022 on puerarin in the treatment of ocular diseases and suggest the future required directions to improve its medicinal value. METHOD The content of this review was obtained from databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Wanfang Database. RESULTS The search yielded 428 articles, of which 159 articles were included after excluding duplicate articles and articles related to puerarin but less relevant to the topic of the review. In eleven articles, the bioavailability of puerarin was discussed. Despite puerarin possesses diverse biological activities, its bioavailability on its own is poor. There are 95 articles in which the therapeutic mechanisms of puerarin in ocular diseases was reported. Of these, 54 articles discussed the various signalling pathways related to occular diseases affected by puerarin. The other 41 articles discussed specific biological activities of puerarin. It plays a therapeutic role in ophthalmopathy via regulating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, protein kinase C (PKC) and other related pathways, affecting the expression of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and other cytokines resulting in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. The clinical applications of puerarin in ophthalmology were discussed in 25 articles. Eleven articles discussed the toxicity of puerarin. The literature suggests that puerarin has a good curative effect and can be used safely in clinical practice. CONCLUSION This review has illustrated the diverse applications of puerarin acting on ocular diseases and suggested that puerarin can be used for treating diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusion, glaucoma and other ocular diseases in the clinic. Some ocular diseases are the result of the combined action of multiple factors, and the effect of puerarin on different factors needs to be further studied to improve a more complete mechanism of action of puerarin. In addition, it is necessary to increase the number of subjects in clinical trials and conduct clinical trials for other ocular diseases. The information presented here will guide future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Meng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daxue Road 4655, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daxue Road 4655, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Yi-Qing Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daxue Road 4655, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Kun-Wei Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daxue Road 4655, Ji'nan 250355, China.
| | - Feng-Ju Niu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daxue Road 4655, Ji'nan 250355, China.
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16
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Li J, He Y, Wang H, Chen J. Microglial/macrophage activation in the cerebrospinal fluid of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2798. [PMID: 36306394 PMCID: PMC9759122 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aims of this pilot study were to investigate the levels of biomarkers of microglial/macrophage activation-YKL-40, sCD163, and sCD14-in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and determine the possible associations between these biomarkers and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores. METHODS We measured the levels of three microglia-/macrophage-related proteins (YKL-40, soluble CD163, and soluble CD14) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, patients' neurological disability levels were assessed using EDSS scores. RESULTS NMOSD patients had significantly higher CSF levels of YKL-40(210.52 ± 161.62 for NMOSD and 63.18 ± 9.22 for control), sCD163 (87.23 ± 56.85 for NMOSD and 58.14 ± 7.66 for control), and sCD14 (68.22 ± 24.11 for NMOSD and 55.75 ± 9.48 for control) compared with controls. Furthermore, these biomarker levels were positively correlated with EDSS scores in patients with NMOSD (r = 0.303, p = .002 for YKL-40; r = 0310, p = .001 for sCD14; r = 0.250, p = .011 for sCD163), but not in patients with multiple sclerosis or glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that microglial/macrophage activation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Honghao Wang
- Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfection Group, Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfection Group, Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Transcriptome Profiling in the Hippocampi of Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314829. [PMID: 36499161 PMCID: PMC9738199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), approximates the key histopathological, clinical, and immunological features of MS. Hippocampal dysfunction in MS and EAE causes varying degrees of cognitive and emotional impairments and synaptic abnormalities. However, the molecular alterations underlying hippocampal dysfunctions in MS and EAE are still under investigation. The purpose of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hippocampus of mice with EAE in order to ascertain potential genes associated with hippocampal dysfunction. Gene expression in the hippocampus was analyzed by RNA-sequencing and validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Gene expression analysis revealed 1202 DEGs; 1023 were upregulated and 179 were downregulated in the hippocampus of mice with EAE (p-value < 0.05 and fold change >1.5). Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the upregulated genes in the hippocampi of mice with EAE were associated with immune system processes, defense responses, immune responses, and regulation of immune responses, whereas the downregulated genes were related to learning or memory, behavior, and nervous system processes in the GO biological process. The expressions of hub genes from the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) analysis were validated by RT-qPCR. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis showed that the upregulated genes in the hippocampus were associated with inflammatory responses: interferon-γ responses, allograft rejection, interferon-α responses, IL6_JAK_STAT3 signaling, inflammatory responses, complement, IL2_STAT5 signaling, TNF-α signaling via NF-κB, and apoptosis, whereas the downregulated genes were related to synaptic plasticity, dendritic development, and development of dendritic spine. This study characterized the transcriptome pattern in the hippocampi of mice with EAE and signaling pathways underpinning hippocampal dysfunction. However, further investigation is needed to determine the applicability of these findings from this rodent model to patients with MS. Collectively, these results indicate directions for further research to understand the mechanisms behind hippocampal dysfunction in EAE.
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18
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Li L, Deng S, Liu M, Yang M, Li J, Liu T, Zhang T, Zhao Y, He M, Wu D, Xu Y. Novel recombinant protein flagellin A N/C attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing the ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:956402. [PMID: 36452219 PMCID: PMC9702353 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration, for which traditional treatment offers limited relief. Microglial/macrophage modulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of MS. Oxygen free radical accumulation can induce axonal and nerve cell damage, and further promote MS development. We created a new recombinant protein based on flagellin from Legionella pneumophila named flagellin A with linked C- and N-terminal ends (FLaAN/C), which is an independent intellectual property of our team. We previously showed that FLaAN/C might mitigate radiation-induced damage by inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. However, whether FLaAN/C protects against MS remains unknown. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of FLaAN/C on mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (MOG35-55). The mice were injected intraperitoneally with FLaAN/C after the onset of clinical symptoms, then clinical behavior scores and changes in body weight were recorded daily. The spinal lumbar spine in model mice was enlarged and accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination that were reversed by FLaAN/C. FLaAN/C also induced microglia/macrophages to generate less pro-inflammatory (CD86, iNOS, and TNF-α), and more anti-inflammatory (CD206, IL-10, and Arginase-1) cytokines. These findings suggesting that FLaAN/C promoted microglial/macrophages polarization from the inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Moreover, FLaAN/C inhibited release of the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ. These results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of FLaAN/C was associated with the inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species. FLaAN/C downregulated the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB-p65 and prevented downstream NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Collectively, these results indicated that FLaAN/C prevents pyroptosis by inhibiting the ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, and promotes the microglial/macrophage M1/M2 polarization that significantly alleviated inflammation in mouse models of EAE. Our findings suggested that FLaAN/C could be a promising candidate for MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shihua Deng
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingquan Liu
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Yang
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao He
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongming Wu
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Jia Y, Tang L, Yao Y, Zhuo L, Qu D, Chen X, Ji Y, Tao J, Zhu Y. Low-intensity exercise combined with sodium valproate attenuates kainic acid-induced seizures and associated co-morbidities by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in mice. Front Neurol 2022; 13:993405. [PMID: 36212646 PMCID: PMC9534325 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.993405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium valproate (VPA) is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant that is effective both in adults and children suffering from epilepsy, but it causes psychiatric and behavioral side effects in patients with epilepsy. In addition, 30% of patients with epilepsy develop resistance to VPA. At present, regular physical exercise has shown many benefits and has become an effective complementary therapy for various brain diseases, including epilepsy. Therefore, we wondered whether VPA combined with exercise would be more effective in the treatment of seizures and associated co-morbidities. Here, we used a mouse model with kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy to compare the seizure status and the levels of related co-morbidities, such as cognition, depression, anxiety, and movement disorders, in each group using animal behavioral experiment and local field potential recordings. Subsequently, we investigated the mechanism behind this phenomenon by immunological means. Our results showed that low-intensity exercise combined with VPA reduced seizures and associated co-morbidities. This phenomenon seems to be related to the Toll-like receptor 4, activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and release of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-6. In brief, low-intensity exercise combined with VPA enhanced the downregulation of NF-κB-related inflammatory response, thereby alleviating the seizures, and associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jia
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lele Tang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhuo
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxiao Qu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghua Ji
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghua Ji
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jie Tao
| | - Yudan Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yudan Zhu
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20
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Ding Y, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang H. CXCL7 aggravates the pathological manifestations of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder by enhancing the inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and microglia. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Wang J, Chen X, Sun L, Chen X, Li H, Xiong B, Wang H. [Long noncoding RNA ZEB1-AS1 aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through the HMGB1/TLR-4 signaling axis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1134-1142. [PMID: 36073211 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.08.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA ZEB1-AS1 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI). METHODS We detected the temporal changes of ZEB1-AS1 and HMGB1 expression using qPCR and Western blotting in SD rats following CI/RI induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The rat models of CI/RI were subjected to injections of vectors for ZEB1-AS1 overexpression or knockdown into the lateral ventricle, and the changes in cognitive function, brain water content, blood-brain barrier integrity, and IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were observed. Neuronal loss and cell apoptosis in the cortex of the rat models were detected by FJC and TUNEL methods, and HMGB1 and TLR-4 expressions were analyzed with Western blotting. We also examined the effects of ZEB1-AS1 knockdown on apoptosis and expressions of HMGB1 and TLR-4 in SH-SY5Y cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). RESULTS In CI/RI rats, the expressions of ZEB1-AS1 and HMGB1 in the brain tissue increased progressively with the extension of reperfusion time, reaching the peak levels at 24 h followed by a gradual decline. ZEB1-AS1 overexpression significantly aggravated icognitive impairment and increased brain water content, albumin content in the CSF, and IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the CSF and serum in CI/RI rats (P < 0.05), while ZEB1-AS1 knockdown produced the opposite effects (P < 0.05 or 0.01). ZEB1-AS1 overexpression obviously increased the number of FJC-positive neurons in the cortex and enhanced the expressions of HMGB1 and TLR-4 in the rat models (P < 0.01); ZEB1-AS1 knockdown significantly reduced the number of FJC-positive neurons and lowered HMGB1 and TLR-4 expressions (P < 0.01). In SH-SY5Y cells with OGD/R, ZEB1-AS1 knockdown significantly suppressed cell apoptosis and lowered the expressions of HMGB1 and TLR-4 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION ZEB1-AS1 overexpression aggravates CI/RI in rats through the HMGB1/TLR-4 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - X Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - L Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - X Chen
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - H Li
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - B Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - H Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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22
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Li M, Xu B, Li X, Li Y, Qiu S, Chen K, Liu Z, Ding Y, Wang H, Xu J, Wang H. Mitofusin 2 confers the suppression of microglial activation by cannabidiol: Insights from in vitro and in vivo models. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:155-170. [PMID: 35688339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is increasing attention on the regulatory effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on the inflammatory response and the immune system. However, the mechanisms have not yet been completely revealed. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is a mitochondrial fusion protein involved in the inflammatory response. Here, we investigated whether Mfn2 confers the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD. We found that treatment with CBD decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged microglia. CBD also significantly suppressed the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential in BV-2 cells subjected to LPS. Interestingly, CBD treatment increased the expression of Mfn2, while knockdown of Mfn2 blocked the effect of CBD. By contrast, overexpression of Mfn2 reversed the increase in the levels of iNOS, COX-2, and Iba1 induced by Mfn2 small interfering RNA. In mice challenged with LPS, we found that CBD ameliorated the anxiety responses and cognitive deficits, increased the level of Mfn2, and decreased the expression of Iba1. Since neuro-inflammation and microglial activation are the common events that are observed in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis, we treated EAE mice with CBD. Mice that received CBD showed amelioration of clinical signs, reduced inflammatory response, and increased myelin basic protein level. Most importantly, the adeno-associated virus delivery of short hairpin RNA against Mfn2 reversed the protective effects of CBD. Altogether, these results indicate that Mfn2 is an essential immunomodulator conferring the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD. Our results also shed new light on the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of CBD against inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingtian Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yueqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuqin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kechun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuhe Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuewen Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao, Greater Bay Area, China.
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao, Greater Bay Area, China.
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23
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Cao C, Ding J, Cao D, Li B, Wu J, Li X, Li H, Cui G, Shen H, Chen G. TREM2 modulates neuroinflammation with elevated IRAK3 expression and plays a neuroprotective role after experimental SAH in rats. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105809. [PMID: 35781003 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modulation of neuroinflammation is a new direction that may alleviate the early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Brain resident microglia/macrophages (Mi/MΦ) are the key drivers of neuroinflammation. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been reported to play a neuroprotective role by activating phagocytosis and suspending inflammatory response in experimental ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. This study was designed to investigate the role of TREM2 on neuroinflammation and neuroprotective effects in a rat SAH model. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced SAH through endovascular perforation. Lentivirus vectors were administered by i.c.v. to induce TREM2 overexpression or knockdown 7 days before SAH induction. Short- and long-term neurobehavioral tests, western blotting, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and Nissl staining were performed to explore the neuroprotective role of TREM2 after SAH. RESULTS The expression of TREM2 elevated in a rat SAH model with a peak at 48 h after SAH and mainly expressed in Mi/MΦ in brain. TREM2 overexpression improved short- and long-term neurological deficits induced by SAH in rats, while TREM2 knockdown worsened neurological dysfunction. The rats with TREM2 overexpressed presented less neuronal apoptosis and more neuronal survival at 48 h after SAH, while the rats with TREM2 knockdown presented on the contrary. TREM2 overexpression manifested activated phagocytosis and suppressed inflammatory response, with the increase of CD206+/CD11b+ cells and IL-10 expression as well as the decrease of the infiltration of MPO+ cells and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β. While TREM2 knockdown abolished these effects. The protein level of IRAK3, a negative regulatory factor of inflammation, was significantly elevated after TREM2 overexpression and declined after TREM2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggested TREM2 played a neuroprotective role and improved the short- and long-term neurological deficits by modulating neuroinflammation after SAH. The modulation on neuroinflammation of TREM2 after SAH was related with the elevated protein level of IRAK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurocritical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin City 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiasheng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Demao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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Myeloid caspase-8 restricts RIPK3-dependent proinflammatory IL-1β production and CD4 T cell activation in autoimmune demyelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117636119. [PMID: 35671429 PMCID: PMC9214530 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117636119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 functions at the crossroad of programmed cell death and inflammation. Here, using genetic approaches and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of inflammatory demyelination, we identified a negative regulatory pathway for caspase-8 in infiltrated macrophages whereby it functions to restrain interleukin (IL)-1β-driven autoimmune inflammation. Caspase-8 is partially activated in macrophages/microglia in active lesions of multiple sclerosis. Selective ablation of Casp8 in myeloid cells, but not microglia, exacerbated autoimmune demyelination. Heightened IL-1β production by caspase-8-deficient macrophages underlies exacerbated activation of encephalitogenic T cells and production of GM-CSF and interferon-γ. Mechanistically, IL-1β overproduction by primed caspase-8-deficient macrophages was mediated by RIPK1/RIPK3 through the engagement of NLRP3 inflammasome and was independent of cell death. When instructed by autoreactive CD4 T cells in the presence of antigen, caspase-8-deficient macrophages, but not their wild-type counterparts, released significant amount of IL-1β that in turn acted through IL-1R to amplify T cell activation. Moreover, the worsened experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis progression in myeloid Casp8 mutant mice was completely reversed when Ripk3 was simultaneously deleted. Together, these data reveal a functional link between T cell-driven autoimmunity and inflammatory IL-1β that is negatively regulated by caspase-8, and suggest that dysregulation of the pathway may contribute to inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
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25
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Zheng K, Lv B, Wu L, Wang C, Xu H, Li X, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Zheng Z. Protecting effect of emodin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice by inhibiting microglia activation and inflammation via Myd88/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signalling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9322-9344. [PMID: 35287559 PMCID: PMC9161934 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2052671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is characterised by demyelination of the central nervous system. Emodin is an anthraquinone derivative with comprehensive anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects and is widely used in the treatment of inflammatory, tumour, and immune system diseases. However, none of the clinical or experimental studies have explored the therapeutic efficacy of emodin in EAE/multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, we evaluated the protective effect of emodin on EAE mediated via inhibition of microglia activation and inflammation. Wild-type mice were randomly divided into the normal control, EAE, low-dose emodin, and high-dose emodin groups. Clinical scores and pathological changes were assessed 21 days after immunisation. The network pharmacology approach was used to elucidate underlying mechanisms by using an online database. Molecular docking, polymerase chain reaction tests, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were performed to verify the network pharmacology results. An in vivo experiment showed that high-dose emodin ameliorated clinical symptoms, inflammatory cell infiltration, and myelination. Pharmacological network analysis showed AKT1 was the main target and that emodin played a key role in MS treatment mainly via the PI3K-Akt pathway. Molecular docking showed that emodin bound well with PI3K, AKT1, and NFKB1. Emodin decreased the expression of phosphorylated(p)-PI3K, p-Akt, NF-κB, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 and the levels of markers (CD86 and CD206) in M1- and M2-phenotype microglia in EAE. Thus, emodin inhibited microglial activation and exhibited anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects against EAE via the Myd88/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signalling pathway. In conclusion, emodin has a promising role in EAE/MS treatment, warranting further detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Zheng
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojiang Lv
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Wu
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyou Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- The Second Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zequan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Doctoral candidates with the same academic level of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Guo S, Wang H, Yin Y. Microglia Polarization From M1 to M2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:815347. [PMID: 35250543 PMCID: PMC8888930 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.815347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Microglia can be categorized into two opposite types: classical (M1) or alternative (M2), though there’s a continuum of different intermediate phenotypes between M1 and M2, and microglia can transit from one phenotype to another. M1 microglia release inflammatory mediators and induce inflammation and neurotoxicity, while M2 microglia release anti-inflammatory mediators and induce anti-inflammatory and neuroprotectivity. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is considered as a double-edged sword, performing both harmful and helpful effects in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies showed that balancing microglia M1/M2 polarization had a promising therapeutic prospect in neurodegenerative diseases. We suggest that shifting microglia from M1 to M2 may be significant and we focus on the modulation of microglia polarization from M1 to M2, especially by important signal pathways, in neurodegenerative diseases.
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27
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Jia F, Chen L, Fang L, Chen W. IRAK-M deletion aggravates acute inflammatory response and mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction following myocardial infarction: A bioinformatics analysis. J Proteomics 2022; 257:104512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Shen ZY, Zheng Y, Pecsok MK, Wang K, Li W, Gong MJ, Wu F, Zhang L. C-Reactive Protein Suppresses the Th17 Response Indirectly by Attenuating the Antigen Presentation Ability of Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:589200. [PMID: 33841391 PMCID: PMC8027258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.589200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a classical murine model for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a human autoimmune disease characterized by Th1 and Th17 responses. Numerous studies have reported that C-reactive protein (CRP) mitigates EAE severity, but studies on the relevant pathologic mechanisms are insufficient. Our previous study found that CRP suppresses Th1 response directly by receptor binding on naïve T cells; however, we did not observe the effect on Th17 response at that time; thus it remains unclear whether CRP could regulate Th17 response. In this study, we verified the downregulation of Th17 response by a single-dose CRP injection in MOG-immunized EAE mice in vivo while the direct and indirect effects of CRP on Th17 response were differentiated by comparing its actions on isolated CD4+ T cells and splenocytes in vitro, respectively. Moreover, the immune cell composition was examined in the blood and CNS (Central Nervous System), and a blood (monocytes) to CNS (dendritic cells) infiltration pathway is established in the course of EAE development. The infiltrated monocyte derived DCs (moDCs) were proved to be the only candidate antigen presenting cells to execute CRP’s function. Conversely, the decrease of Th17 responses caused by CRP disappeared in the above in vivo and in vitro studies with FcγR2B−/− mice, indicating that FcγR2B expressed on moDCs mediates CRP function. Furthermore, peripheral blood monocytes were isolated and induced to establish moDCs, which were used to demonstrate that the antigen presenting ability of moDCs was attenuated by CRP through FcγR2B, and then NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways were manifested to be involved in this regulation. Ultimately, we perfected and enriched the mechanism studies of CRP in EAE remission, so we are more convinced that CRP plays a key role in protecting against EAE development, which may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MS in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Maggie K Pecsok
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min-Jie Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Center of Teaching and Experiment for Medical Post Graduates, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Kwilasz AJ, Todd LS, Duran-Malle JC, Schrama AEW, Mitten EH, Larson TA, Clements MA, Harris KM, Litwiler ST, Wang X, Van Dam AM, Maier SF, Rice KC, Watkins LR, Barrientos RM. Experimental autoimmune encephalopathy (EAE)-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and memory deficits are prevented with the non-opioid TLR2/TLR4 antagonist (+)-naltrexone. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112896. [PMID: 32905811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with burdensome memory impairments and preclinical literature suggests that these impairments are linked to neuroinflammation. Previously, we have shown that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonists, such as (+)-naltrexone [(+)-NTX], block neuropathic pain and associated spinal inflammation in rats. Here we extend these findings to first demonstrate that (+)-NTX blocks TLR2 in addition to TLR4. Additionally, we examined in two rat strains whether (+)-NTX could attenuate learning and memory disturbances and associated neuroinflammation using a low-dose experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. EAE is the most commonly used experimental model for the human inflammatory demyelinating disease, MS. This low-dose model avoided motor impairments that would confound learning and memory measurements. Fourteen days later, daily subcutaneous (+)-NTX or saline injections began and continued throughout the study. Contextual and auditory-fear conditioning were conducted at day 21 to assess hippocampal and amygdalar function. With this low-dose model, EAE impaired long-term, but not short-term, contextual fear memory; both long-term and short-term auditory-cued fear memory were spared. This was associated with increased mRNA for hippocampal interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, and IL-17 and elevated expression of the microglial marker Iba1 in CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus, confirming the neuroinflammation observed in higher-dose EAE models. Importantly, (+)-NTX completely prevented the EAE-induced memory impairments and robustly attenuated the associated proinflammatory effects. These findings suggest that (+)-NTX may exert therapeutic effects on memory function by dampening the neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus through blockade of TLR2/TLR4. This study suggests that TLR2 and TLR4 antagonists may be effective at treating MS-related memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kwilasz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laurel S Todd
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Julissa C Duran-Malle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Anouk E W Schrama
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eric H Mitten
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tracey A Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Madison A Clements
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kevin M Harris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Scott T Litwiler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of the Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Anne-Marie Van Dam
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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30
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Plastini MJ, Desu HL, Brambilla R. Dynamic Responses of Microglia in Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:269. [PMID: 32973458 PMCID: PMC7468479 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play an essential role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, as well as responding to injury and disease. Most neurological disorders feature microglial activation, a process whereby microglia undergo profound morphological and transcriptional changes aimed at containing CNS damage and promoting repair, but often resulting in overt inflammation that sustains and propagates the neurodegenerative process. This is especially evident in multiple sclerosis (MS), were microglial activation and microglia-driven neuroinflammation are considered key events in the onset, progression, and resolution of the disease. Our understanding of microglial functions in MS has widened exponentially in the last decade by way of new tools and markers to discriminate microglia from other myeloid populations. Consequently, the complex functional and phenotypical diversity of microglia can now be appreciated. This, in combination with a variety of animal models that mimic specific features and processes of MS, has contributed to filling the gap of knowledge in the cascade of events underlying MS pathophysiology. The purpose of this review is to present the most up to date knowledge of the dynamic responses of microglia in the commonly used animal models of MS, specifically the immune-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, and the chemically-induced cuprizone and lysolecithin models. Elucidating the spectrum of microglial functions in these models, from detrimental to protective, is essential to identify emerging targets for therapy and guide drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Plastini
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Haritha L Desu
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE-Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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31
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Zheng J, Sariol A, Meyerholz D, Zhang Q, Abrahante Lloréns JE, Narumiya S, Perlman S. Prostaglandin D2 signaling in dendritic cells is critical for the development of EAE. J Autoimmun 2020; 114:102508. [PMID: 32624353 PMCID: PMC7332282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Priming of autoreactive T cells in lymph nodes by dendritic cells (DCs) is critical for the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). DC activation reflects a balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. One anti-inflammatory factor is prostaglandin D2 signaling through its cognate receptor, D-prostanoid receptor 1 (PTGDR), on myeloid cells. Loss of PTGDR signaling might be expected to enhance DC activation and EAE but here we show that PTGDR−/− mice developed only mild signs of MOG35-55 peptide immunization-induced EAE. Compared to wild type mice, PTGDR−/− mice exhibited less demyelination, decreased leukocyte infiltration and diminished microglia activation. These effects resulted from increased pro-inflammatory responses in the lymph nodes, most notably in IL-1β production, with the unexpected consequence of increased activation-induced apoptosis of MOG35-55 peptide-specific T cells. Conditional deletion of PTGDR on DCs, and not other myeloid cells ameliorated EAE. Together, these results demonstrate the indispensable role that PGD2/PTGDR signaling on DCs has in development of pathogenic T cells in autoimmune demyelination. Increased T cell activation occurred in PTGDR−/- mice resulting in T cell apoptosis. AICD decreased T cell infiltration into, and demyelination in CNS during EAE. Decreased PGD2/PTGDR signaling in DCs resulted in increased IL-1β expression. Anakinra treatment in PTGDR−/- mice increased EAE severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alan Sariol
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Qinran Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | | | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University, Tokyo, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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32
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Zhou Y, Cui C, Ma X, Luo W, Zheng SG, Qiu W. Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB)-Mediated Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:391. [PMID: 32265906 PMCID: PMC7105607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling cascade has been implicating in a broad range of biological processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The past three decades have witnessed a great progress in understanding the impact of aberrant NF-κB regulation on human autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In this review, we discuss how aberrant NF-κB activation contributes to multiple sclerosis, a typical inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, and its involvement in developing potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunping Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Gong Z, Wang C, Ni L, Ying L, Shu J, Wang J, Yu C, Xia K, Cheng F, Shi K, Xu G, Yu Q, Shen J, Chen Q, Li F, Liang C. An injectable recombinant human milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8-loaded copolymer system for spinal cord injury reduces inflammation through NF-κB and neuronal cell death. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:193-203. [PMID: 32173261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common disease and a major cause of paralysis, carrying much burden around the world. Despite the progress made with growth factors therapy, the response rate of acute SCI treatment still remains unsatisfactory, due largely to complex and severe inflammatory reactions. Herein, we prepare a MFG-E8-loaded copolymer system-based anti-inflammation therapy for SCI treatment. It is shown that the MFG-E8-loaded copolymer system can decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and neuron death. In a rat model of crush-caused SCI, the copolymer system shows significant therapeutic efficacy by ameliorating inflammation, decreasing fibrotic scar, promoting myelin regeneration and suppressing overall SCI severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Licheng Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qunfei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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34
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Biliktu M, Senol SP, Temiz-Resitoglu M, Guden DS, Horat MF, Sahan-Firat S, Sevim S, Tunctan B. Pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in an inflammasome-dependent and -independent manner. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1509-1524. [PMID: 32128702 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effect of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition on chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), associated with changes in inflammasome-dependent and -independent inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the CNS of mice. C57BL/6 mice were used to induce chronic EAE by using an injection of MOG35-55 peptide/PT. Animals were observed daily and scored for EAE signs for 25 days after immunization. Following the induction of EAE, the scores were increased after 9 days and reached peak value as determined by ≥ 2 or ≤ 3 with 8% mortality rate on day 17. On day 17, mice were administered daily PBS, DMSO, or TPPU (a potent sEH inhibitor) (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg) until the end of the study. TPPU only at 3 mg/kg dose decreased the AUC values calculated from EAE scores obtained during the disease compared to EAE and vehicle control groups. On day 25, TPPU also caused an increase in the PPARα/β/γ and NLRC3 proteins and a decrease in the proteins of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, iNOS/nNOS, COX-2, NLRC4, ASC, caspase-1 p20, IL-1β, caspase-11 p20, NOX subunits (gp91phox and p47phox), and nitrotyrosine in addition to 14,15-DHET and IL-1β levels compared to EAE and vehicle control groups. Our findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of sEH attenuates chronic EAE likely because of enhanced levels of anti-inflammatory EETs in addition to PPARα/β/γ and NLRC3 expression associated with suppressed inflammatory TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway, NLRC4/ASC/pro-caspase-1 inflammasome, caspase-11 inflammasome, and NOX activity that are responsible for inflammatory mediator formation in the CNS of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Biliktu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sefika Pinar Senol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Meryem Temiz-Resitoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Demet Sinem Guden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Furkan Horat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Sahan-Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serhan Sevim
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33160, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey.
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35
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IRAK family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Ye Y, Jin T, Zhang X, Zeng Z, Ye B, Wang J, Zhong Y, Xiong X, Gu L. Meisoindigo Protects Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Regulating Microglia/Macrophage Polarization via TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:553. [PMID: 31920554 PMCID: PMC6930809 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease with long-term disability. However, the pathogenesis is unclear and treatments are limited. Meisoindigo, a second-generation derivative of indirubin, has general water solubility and is well-tolerated. Previous studies have shown that meisoindigo reduces inflammation by inhibiting leukocyte chemotaxis and migration. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that meisoindigo was also protective against ischemic stroke, then evaluated its underlying mechanisms. In vivo, adult male C57BL/6J wild-type mice were used to produce a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model. On day three after reperfusion, obvious improvement in neurological scores, infarct volume reduction and cerebral edema amelioration were observed in meisoindigo treatment. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining and western-blot showed that the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and its associated proteins in neurons and microglia was inhibited by meisoindigo. The effects of Meisoindigo on NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation and increased the M2 phenotype of microglia/macrophage through shifting from a M1 phenotype, which was possibly mediated by inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB. Furthermore, we verified the inhibitory effect of meisoindigo on TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and found that meisoindigo treatment could significantly suppressed the expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway-associated proteins in a dose-dependent manner, meanwhile, which resulted in downregulation of HMGB1 and IL-1β. Next, we established an in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation/Reperfusion (OGD/R) model in HT-22 and BV2 cells to simulate ischemic conditions. Cytotoxicity assay showed that meisoindigo substantially improved relative cell vitality and in HT-22 and BV2 cells following OGD/R in vitro. After suffering OGD/R, the TLR4/NF-κB pathway was activated, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins and M1 microglia/macrophage were increased, but meisoindigo could inhibit above changes in both HT-22 and BV2 cells. Additionally, though lipopolysaccharide stimulated the activation of TLR4 signaling in OGD/R models, meisoindigo co-treatment markedly reversed the upregulation of TLR4 and following activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and polarization of M1 microglia/macrophages mediated by TLR4. Overall, we demonstrate for the first time that meisoindigo post-treatment alleviates brain damage induced by ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro experiments through blocking activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and regulating the polarization of microglia/macrophages via inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baixin Ye
- Department of Hematopathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinchen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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