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Bouvier C, Lawrence R, Cavallo F, Xolalpa W, Jordan A, Hjerpe R, Rodriguez MS. Breaking Bad Proteins-Discovery Approaches and the Road to Clinic for Degraders. Cells 2024; 13:578. [PMID: 38607017 PMCID: PMC11011670 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) describe compounds that bind to and induce degradation of a target by simultaneously binding to a ubiquitin ligase. More generally referred to as bifunctional degraders, PROTACs have led the way in the field of targeted protein degradation (TPD), with several compounds currently undergoing clinical testing. Alongside bifunctional degraders, single-moiety compounds, or molecular glue degraders (MGDs), are increasingly being considered as a viable approach for development of therapeutics, driven by advances in rational discovery approaches. This review focuses on drug discovery with respect to bifunctional and molecular glue degraders within the ubiquitin proteasome system, including analysis of mechanistic concepts and discovery approaches, with an overview of current clinical and pre-clinical degrader status in oncology, neurodegenerative and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Bouvier
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination LCC-UPR 8241-CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (C.B.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Rachel Lawrence
- Sygnature Discovery, Bio City, Pennyfoot St., Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK (F.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Francesca Cavallo
- Sygnature Discovery, Bio City, Pennyfoot St., Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK (F.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Wendy Xolalpa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Allan Jordan
- Sygnature Discovery, Bio City, Pennyfoot St., Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK (F.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Roland Hjerpe
- Sygnature Discovery, Bio City, Pennyfoot St., Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK (F.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Manuel S. Rodriguez
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination LCC-UPR 8241-CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (C.B.); (M.S.R.)
- Pharmadev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UT3, 31400 Toulouse, France
- B Molecular, Centre Pierre Potier, Canceropôle, 31106 Toulouse, France
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Montoya S, Bourcier J, Noviski M, Lu H, Thompson MC, Chirino A, Jahn J, Sondhi AK, Gajewski S, Tan YS(M, Yung S, Urban A, Wang E, Han C, Mi X, Kim WJ, Sievers Q, Auger P, Bousquet H, Brathaban N, Bravo B, Gessner M, Guiducci C, Iuliano JN, Kane T, Mukerji R, Reddy PJ, Powers J, Sanchez Garcia de los Rios M, Ye J, Risso CB, Tsai D, Pardo G, Notti RQ, Pardo A, After M, Nawaratne V, Totiger TM, Pena-Velasquez C, Rhodes JM, Zelenetz AD, Alencar A, Roeker LE, Mehta S, Garippa R, Linley A, Soni RK, Skånland SS, Brown RJ, Mato AR, Hansen GM, Abdel-Wahab O, Taylor J. Kinase-impaired BTK mutations are susceptible to clinical-stage BTK and IKZF1/3 degrader NX-2127. Science 2024; 383:eadi5798. [PMID: 38301010 PMCID: PMC11103405 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi5798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Increasing use of covalent and noncovalent inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has elucidated a series of acquired drug-resistant BTK mutations in patients with B cell malignancies. Here we identify inhibitor resistance mutations in BTK with distinct enzymatic activities, including some that impair BTK enzymatic activity while imparting novel protein-protein interactions that sustain B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Furthermore, we describe a clinical-stage BTK and IKZF1/3 degrader, NX-2127, that can bind and proteasomally degrade each mutant BTK proteoform, resulting in potent blockade of BCR signaling. Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with NX-2127 achieves >80% degradation of BTK in patients and demonstrates proof-of-concept therapeutic benefit. These data reveal an oncogenic scaffold function of mutant BTK that confers resistance across clinically approved BTK inhibitors but is overcome by BTK degradation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Montoya
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessie Bourcier
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hao Lu
- Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meghan C. Thompson
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Chirino
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacob Jahn
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anya K. Sondhi
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Aleksandra Urban
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Cuijuan Han
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoli Mi
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Won Jun Kim
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quinlan Sievers
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Auger
- Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim Kane
- Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jordan Ye
- Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carla Barrientos Risso
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Tsai
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gabriel Pardo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Q. Notti
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro Pardo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maurizio After
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vindhya Nawaratne
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tulasigeri M. Totiger
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Camila Pena-Velasquez
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna M. Rhodes
- division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine at Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, CLL Research and Treatment Center, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Andrew D. Zelenetz
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro Alencar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsey E. Roeker
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjoy Mehta
- Gene Editing and Screening Core Facility, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute and Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralph Garippa
- Gene Editing and Screening Core Facility, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute and Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Linley
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sigrid S. Skånland
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anthony R. Mato
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Qi J, Endres S, Yosifov DY, Tausch E, Dheenadayalan RP, Gao X, Müller A, Schneider C, Mertens D, Gierschik P, Wist M, Jebaraj BMC, Stilgenbauer S. Acquired BTK mutations associated with resistance to noncovalent BTK inhibitors. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5698-5702. [PMID: 36661329 PMCID: PMC10539862 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Qi
- Division of CLL, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sascha Endres
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Eugen Tausch
- Division of CLL, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Müller
- Division of CLL, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christof Schneider
- Division of CLL, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- Division of CLL, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Cooperation Unit “Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis”, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Gierschik
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wist
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Division of CLL, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Oien DB, Sharma S, Hattersley MM, DuPont M, Criscione SW, Prickett L, Goeppert AU, Drew L, Yao Y, Zhang J, Chan HM. BET inhibition targets ABC-DLBCL constitutive B-cell receptor signaling through PAX5. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5108-5121. [PMID: 37184294 PMCID: PMC10477446 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is essential for the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtype that originates from activated B-cells (ABCs). ABC-DLBCL cells are sensitive to Bruton tyrosine kinase intervention. However, patients with relapsed or refractory ABC-DLBCL had overall response rates from 33% to 37% for Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, suggesting the evaluation of combination-based treatment for improved efficacy. We investigated the efficacy and mechanism of the bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) inhibitor AZD5153 combined with the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor acalabrutinib in ABC-DLBCL preclinical models. AZD5153 is a bivalent BET inhibitor that simultaneously engages the 2 bromodomains of BRD4. Adding AZD5153 to acalabrutinib demonstrated combination benefits in ABC-DLBCL cell line and patient-derived xenograft models. Differential expression analyses revealed PAX5 transcriptional activity as a novel downstream effector of this drug combination. PAX5 is a transcription factor for BCR signaling genes and may be critical for perpetually active BCR signaling in ABC-DLBCL. Our analyses further indicated significant alterations in BCR, RELB/alternative NF-κB, and toll-like receptor/interferon signaling. Validation of these results mapped a positive-feedback signaling loop regulated by PAX5. We demonstrated that AZD5153 decreased PAX5 expression, whereas acalabrutinib disruption of BCR signaling inhibited PAX5 activation. Furthermore, several interferon levels were decreased by AZD5153 and acalabrutinib in tumors. Adding interferon-beta1 (IFNβ1) to cells treated with acalabrutinib partially rescued PAX5 activation. Our results demonstrate that AZD5153 enhances the efficacy of acalabrutinib through PAX5 and BCR mechanisms that are critical for ABC-DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B. Oien
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
| | - Samanta Sharma
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
| | | | - Michelle DuPont
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
| | | | - Laura Prickett
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
| | - Anne U. Goeppert
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Drew
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
| | - Yi Yao
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
| | - Ho Man Chan
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA
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