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Marquis M, Zykwinska A, Novales B, Leroux I, Schleder C, Pichon J, Cuenot S, Rouger K. Human muscle stem cell responses to mechanical stress into tunable 3D alginate matrices. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130823. [PMID: 38492703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical data acquired for human muscle stem (hMuStem) cells indicate their great repair capacity in the context of muscle injury. However, their clinical potential is limited by their moderate ability to survive after transplantation. To overcome these limitations, their encapsulation within protective environment would be beneficial. In this study, tunable calcium-alginate hydrogels obtained through molding method using external or internal gelation were investigated as a new strategy for hMuStem cell encapsulation. The mechanical properties of these hydrogels were characterized in their fully hydrated state by compression experiments using Atomic Force Microscopy. Measured elastic moduli strongly depended on the gelation mode and calcium/alginate concentrations. Values ranged from 1 to 12.5 kPa and 3.9 to 25 kPa were obtained for hydrogels prepared following internal and external gelation, respectively. Also, differences in mechanical properties of hydrogels resulted from their internal organization, with an isotropic structure for internal gelation, while external mode led to anisotropic one. It was further shown that viability, morphological and myogenic differentiation characteristics of hMuStem cells incorporated within alginate hydrogels were preserved after their release. These results highlight that hMuStem cells encapsulated in calcium-alginate hydrogels maintain their functionality, thus allowing to develop muscle regeneration protocols to improve their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Marquis
- Oniris, INRAE, PAnTher, Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux, 44307 Nantes, France.
| | - Agata Zykwinska
- Ifremer, MASAE, Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Novales
- INRAE, BIA, Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Leroux
- Oniris, INRAE, PAnTher, Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Cindy Schleder
- Oniris, INRAE, PAnTher, Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Pichon
- Oniris, INRAE, PAnTher, Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Cuenot
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Karl Rouger
- Oniris, INRAE, PAnTher, Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux, 44307 Nantes, France
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2
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Klimovič Š, Beckerová D, Věžník J, Kabanov D, Lacina K, Jelinkova S, Gumulec J, Rotrekl V, Přibyl J. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels with tunable mechanics improved structural and contractile properties of cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213819. [PMID: 38430724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates cellular responses through mechanotransduction. The standard approach of in vitro culturing on plastic surfaces overlooks this phenomenon, so there is a need for biocompatible materials that exhibit adjustable mechanical and structural properties, promote cell adhesion and proliferation at low cost and for use in 2D or 3D cell cultures. This study presents a new tunable hydrogel system prepared from high-molecular hyaluronic acid (HA), Bovine serum albumin (BSA), and gelatin cross-linked using EDC/NHS. Hydrogels with Young's moduli (E) ranging from subunit to units of kilopascals were prepared by gradually increasing HA and BSA concentrations. Concentrated high-molecular HA network led to stiffer hydrogel with lower cluster size and swelling capacity. Medium and oxygen diffusion capability of all hydrogels showed they are suitable for 3D cell cultures. Mechanical and structural changes of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) on hydrogels were compared with cells on standard cultivation surfaces. Experiments showed that hydrogels have suitable mechanical and cell adhesion capabilities, resulting in structural changes of actin filaments. Lastly, applying hydrogel for a more complex HL-1 cell line revealed improved mechanical and electrophysiological contractile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šimon Klimovič
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Deborah Beckerová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Věžník
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniil Kabanov
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Lacina
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Gumulec
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Přibyl
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Sacchi M, Sauter-Starace F, Mailley P, Texier I. Resorbable conductive materials for optimally interfacing medical devices with the living. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1294238. [PMID: 38449676 PMCID: PMC10916519 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1294238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Implantable and wearable bioelectronic systems are arising growing interest in the medical field. Linking the microelectronic (electronic conductivity) and biological (ionic conductivity) worlds, the biocompatible conductive materials at the electrode/tissue interface are key components in these systems. We herein focus more particularly on resorbable bioelectronic systems, which can safely degrade in the biological environment once they have completed their purpose, namely, stimulating or sensing biological activity in the tissues. Resorbable conductive materials are also explored in the fields of tissue engineering and 3D cell culture. After a short description of polymer-based substrates and scaffolds, and resorbable electrical conductors, we review how they can be combined to design resorbable conductive materials. Although these materials are still emerging, various medical and biomedical applications are already taking shape that can profoundly modify post-operative and wound healing follow-up. Future challenges and perspectives in the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sacchi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, JACOB-SEPIA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Sauter-Starace
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Mailley
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Texier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
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4
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Ebrahimighaei R, Tarassova N, Bond SC, McNeill MC, Hathway T, Vohra H, Newby AC, Bond M. Extracellular matrix stiffness controls cardiac fibroblast proliferation via the nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119640. [PMID: 37996060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The proliferative expansion of cardiac fibroblasts (CF) contributes towards cardiac fibrosis, which results in myocardial stiffening, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. CF sense and respond to increased stiffness of their local extracellular matrix, modulating their phenotype towards increased collagen synthesis and higher proliferation, leading potentially to a vicious circle of positive feedback. Here we describe a novel mechanism that mediates increased CF proliferation in response to a pathologically stiff Exteracellular matrix (ECM). The mechanism we describe is independent of the well-characterised mechano-sensitive transcript factors, YAP-TEAD and MKL1-SRF, which our data indicate are only responsible for part of the genes induced by stiffened ECM. Instead, our data identify Nuclear Factor-Y (NF-Y) as a novel mechanosensitive transcription factor, which mediates enhanced CF proliferation in response to a stiff ECM. We show that levels of NF-YA protein, the major regulatory subunit of NF-Y, and NF-Y transcriptional activity, are increased by a stiff ECM. Indeed, NF-Y activity drives the expression of multiple cell-cycle genes. Furthermore, NF-YA protein levels are dependent on FAK signalling suggesting a mechanistic link to ECM composition. Consistent with its role as a mechano-sensor, inhibition of NF-Y using siRNA or dominant negative mutant blocks CF proliferation on plastic in vitro, which models a stiff ECM, whereas ectopic expression of NF-YA increases the proliferation of cells interacting under conditions that model a physiologically soft ECM. In summary, our data demonstrate that NF-Y is a biomechanically sensitive transcription factor that promotes CF proliferation in a model of pathologically stiffened ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ebrahimighaei
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Tarassova
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
| | - Samuel C Bond
- Clifton High School, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 3JD, United Kingdom.
| | - Madeleine C McNeill
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
| | - Tom Hathway
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
| | - Hunaid Vohra
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew C Newby
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Bond
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
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5
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Shen S, Shao S, Papadaki M, Kirk JA, Campbell SG. Evaluation of Porcine Psoas Major as a Scaffold Material for Engineered Heart Tissues. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:459-468. [PMID: 37450340 PMCID: PMC10618816 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized porcine myocardium is commonly used as scaffolding for engineered heart tissues (EHTs). However, structural and mechanical heterogeneity in the myocardium complicate production of mechanically consistent tissues. In this study, we evaluate the porcine psoas major muscle (tenderloin) as an alternative scaffold material. Head-to-head comparison of decellularized tenderloin and ventricular scaffolds showed only minor differences in mean biomechanical characteristics, but tenderloin scaffolds were less variable and less dependent on the region of origin than ventricular samples. The active contractile behavior of EHTs made by seeding tenderloin versus ventricular scaffolds with human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes was also comparable, with only minor differences observed. Collectively, the data reveal that the behavior of EHTs produced from decellularized porcine psoas muscle is almost identical to those made from porcine left ventricular myocardium, with the advantages of being more homogeneous, biomechanically consistent, and readily obtainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria Papadaki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Stuart G. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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6
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Ross JA, Arcos-Villacis N, Battey E, Boogerd C, Orellana CA, Marhuenda E, Swiatlowska P, Hodzic D, Prin F, Mohun T, Catibog N, Tapia O, Gerace L, Iskratsch T, Shah AM, Stroud MJ. Lem2 is essential for cardiac development by maintaining nuclear integrity. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2074-2088. [PMID: 37067297 PMCID: PMC10478753 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Nuclear envelope integrity is essential for the compartmentalization of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Importantly, mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope (NE) and associated proteins are the second highest cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. One such NE protein that causes cardiomyopathy in humans and affects mouse heart development is Lem2. However, its role in the heart remains poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated mice in which Lem2 was specifically ablated either in embryonic cardiomyocytes (Lem2 cKO) or in adult cardiomyocytes (Lem2 iCKO) and carried out detailed physiological, tissue, and cellular analyses. High-resolution episcopic microscopy was used for three-dimensional reconstructions and detailed morphological analyses. RNA-sequencing and immunofluorescence identified altered pathways and cellular phenotypes, and cardiomyocytes were isolated to interrogate nuclear integrity in more detail. In addition, echocardiography provided a physiological assessment of Lem2 iCKO adult mice. We found that Lem2 was essential for cardiac development, and hearts from Lem2 cKO mice were morphologically and transcriptionally underdeveloped. Lem2 cKO hearts displayed high levels of DNA damage, nuclear rupture, and apoptosis. Crucially, we found that these defects were driven by muscle contraction as they were ameliorated by inhibiting myosin contraction and L-type calcium channels. Conversely, reducing Lem2 levels to ∼45% in adult cardiomyocytes did not lead to overt cardiac dysfunction up to 18 months of age. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Lem2 is critical for integrity at the nascent NE in foetal hearts, and protects the nucleus from the mechanical forces of muscle contraction. In contrast, the adult heart is not detectably affected by partial Lem2 depletion, perhaps owing to a more established NE and increased adaptation to mechanical stress. Taken together, these data provide insights into mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy in patients with mutations in Lem2 and cardio-laminopathies in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Ross
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Nathaly Arcos-Villacis
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Edmund Battey
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Cornelis Boogerd
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Constanza Avalos Orellana
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Pamela Swiatlowska
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Didier Hodzic
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fabrice Prin
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tim Mohun
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Norman Catibog
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Olga Tapia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander 39011, Spain
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Larry Gerace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Matthew J Stroud
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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7
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Rajendran AK, Sankar D, Amirthalingam S, Kim HD, Rangasamy J, Hwang NS. Trends in mechanobiology guided tissue engineering and tools to study cell-substrate interactions: a brief review. Biomater Res 2023; 27:55. [PMID: 37264479 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensing the mechanical properties of the substrates or the matrix by the cells and the tissues, the subsequent downstream responses at the cellular, nuclear and epigenetic levels and the outcomes are beginning to get unraveled more recently. There have been various instances where researchers have established the underlying connection between the cellular mechanosignalling pathways and cellular physiology, cellular differentiation, and also tissue pathology. It has been now accepted that mechanosignalling, alone or in combination with classical pathways, could play a significant role in fate determination, development, and organization of cells and tissues. Furthermore, as mechanobiology is gaining traction, so do the various techniques to ponder and gain insights into the still unraveled pathways. This review would briefly discuss some of the interesting works wherein it has been shown that specific alteration of the mechanical properties of the substrates would lead to fate determination of stem cells into various differentiated cells such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, tenocytes, cardiomyocytes, and neurons, and how these properties are being utilized for the development of organoids. This review would also cover various techniques that have been developed and employed to explore the effects of mechanosignalling, including imaging of mechanosensing proteins, atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation measurements (QCMD), traction force microscopy (TFM), microdevice arrays, Spatio-temporal image analysis, optical tweezer force measurements, mechanoscanning ion conductance microscopy (mSICM), acoustofluidic interferometric device (AID) and so forth. This review would provide insights to the researchers who work on exploiting various mechanical properties of substrates to control the cellular and tissue functions for tissue engineering and regenerative applications, and also will shed light on the advancements of various techniques that could be utilized to unravel the unknown in the field of cellular mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Rajendran
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepthi Sankar
- Polymeric Biomaterials Lab, School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Sivashanmugam Amirthalingam
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan D Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayakumar Rangasamy
- Polymeric Biomaterials Lab, School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bio-Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Weymann A, Foroughi J, Vardanyan R, Punjabi PP, Schmack B, Aloko S, Spinks GM, Wang CH, Arjomandi Rad A, Ruhparwar A. Artificial Muscles and Soft Robotic Devices for Treatment of End-Stage Heart Failure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207390. [PMID: 36269015 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Medical soft robotics constitutes a rapidly developing field in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, with a promising future for millions of patients suffering from heart failure worldwide. Herein, the present state and future direction of artificial muscle-based soft robotic biomedical devices in supporting the inotropic function of the heart are reviewed, focusing on the emerging electrothermally artificial heart muscles (AHMs). Artificial muscle powered soft robotic devices can mimic the action of complex biological systems such as heart compression and twisting. These artificial muscles possess the ability to undergo complex deformations, aiding cardiac function while maintaining a limited weight and use of space. Two very promising candidates for artificial muscles are electrothermally actuated AHMs and biohybrid actuators using living cells or tissue embedded with artificial structures. Electrothermally actuated AHMs have demonstrated superior force generation while creating the prospect for fully soft robotic actuated ventricular assist devices. This review will critically analyze the limitations of currently available devices and discuss opportunities and directions for future research. Last, the properties of the cardiac muscle are reviewed and compared with those of different materials suitable for mechanical cardiac compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weymann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Javad Foroughi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Library Rd, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Vardanyan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Prakash P Punjabi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Bastian Schmack
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sinmisola Aloko
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M Spinks
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Chun H Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Library Rd, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Arian Arjomandi Rad
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Arjang Ruhparwar
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
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9
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Wang C, Ramahdita G, Genin G, Huebsch N, Ma Z. Dynamic mechanobiology of cardiac cells and tissues: Current status and future perspective. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011314. [PMID: 37008887 PMCID: PMC10062054 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces impact cardiac cells and tissues over their entire lifespan, from development to growth and eventually to pathophysiology. However, the mechanobiological pathways that drive cell and tissue responses to mechanical forces are only now beginning to be understood, due in part to the challenges in replicating the evolving dynamic microenvironments of cardiac cells and tissues in a laboratory setting. Although many in vitro cardiac models have been established to provide specific stiffness, topography, or viscoelasticity to cardiac cells and tissues via biomaterial scaffolds or external stimuli, technologies for presenting time-evolving mechanical microenvironments have only recently been developed. In this review, we summarize the range of in vitro platforms that have been used for cardiac mechanobiological studies. We provide a comprehensive review on phenotypic and molecular changes of cardiomyocytes in response to these environments, with a focus on how dynamic mechanical cues are transduced and deciphered. We conclude with our vision of how these findings will help to define the baseline of heart pathology and of how these in vitro systems will potentially serve to improve the development of therapies for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghiska Ramahdita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | | | | | - Zhen Ma
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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10
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Cardiac Differentiation Promotes Focal Adhesions Assembly through Vinculin Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032444. [PMID: 36768766 PMCID: PMC9916732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the cardiovascular system are physiologically exposed to a variety of mechanical forces fundamental for both cardiac development and functions. In this context, forces generated by actomyosin networks and those transmitted through focal adhesion (FA) complexes represent the key regulators of cellular behaviors in terms of cytoskeleton dynamism, cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and tissue organization. In this study, we investigated the involvement of FAs on cardiomyocyte differentiation. In particular, vinculin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family, which are known to be involved in cardiac differentiation, were studied. Results revealed that differentiation conditions induce an upregulation of both FAK-Tyr397 and vinculin, resulting also in the translocation to the cell membrane. Moreover, the role of mechanical stress in contractile phenotype expression was investigated by applying a uniaxial mechanical stretching (5% substrate deformation, 1 Hz frequency). Morphological evaluation revealed that the cell shape showed a spindle shape and reoriented following the stretching direction. Substrate deformation resulted also in modification of the length and the number of vinculin-positive FAs. We can, therefore, suggest that mechanotransductive pathways, activated through FAs, are highly involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation, thus confirming their role during cytoskeleton rearrangement and cardiac myofilament maturation.
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11
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Gabetti S, Sileo A, Montrone F, Putame G, Audenino AL, Marsano A, Massai D. Versatile electrical stimulator for cardiac tissue engineering-Investigation of charge-balanced monophasic and biphasic electrical stimulations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1031183. [PMID: 36686253 PMCID: PMC9846083 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1031183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of biomimetic physical stimuli replicating the in vivo dynamic microenvironment is crucial for the in vitro development of functional cardiac tissues. In particular, pulsed electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to improve the functional properties of in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes. However, commercially available electrical stimulators are expensive and cumbersome devices while customized solutions often allow limited parameter tunability, constraining the investigation of different ES protocols. The goal of this study was to develop a versatile compact electrical stimulator (ELETTRA) for biomimetic cardiac tissue engineering approaches, designed for delivering controlled parallelizable ES at a competitive cost. ELETTRA is based on an open-source micro-controller running custom software and is combinable with different cell/tissue culture set-ups, allowing simultaneously testing different ES patterns on multiple samples. In particular, customized culture chambers were appositely designed and manufactured for investigating the influence of monophasic and biphasic pulsed ES on cardiac cell monolayers. Finite element analysis was performed for characterizing the spatial distributions of the electrical field and the current density within the culture chamber. Performance tests confirmed the accuracy, compliance, and reliability of the ES parameters delivered by ELETTRA. Biological tests were performed on neonatal rat cardiac cells, electrically stimulated for 4 days, by comparing, for the first time, the monophasic waveform (electric field = 5 V/cm) to biphasic waveforms by matching either the absolute value of the electric field variation (biphasic ES at ±2.5 V/cm) or the total delivered charge (biphasic ES at ±5 V/cm). Findings suggested that monophasic ES at 5 V/cm and, particularly, charge-balanced biphasic ES at ±5 V/cm were effective in enhancing electrical functionality of stimulated cardiac cells and in promoting synchronous contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gabetti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Sileo
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Federica Montrone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Putame
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto L. Audenino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy,*Correspondence: Diana Massai,
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Wu Z, Li W, Cheng S, Liu J, Wang S. Novel fabrication of bioengineered injectable chitosan hydrogel loaded with conductive nanoparticles to improve therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in functional recovery after ischemic myocardial infarction. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 47:102616. [PMID: 36374915 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, myocardial regeneration through stem cell transplantation and tissue engineering has been viewed as a promising technique for treating myocardial infarction. As a result, the researcher attempts to see whether co-culturing modified mesenchymal stem cells with Au@Ch-SF macro-hydrogel and H9C2 may help with tissue regeneration and cardiac function recovery. The gold nanoparticles (Au) incorporated into the chitosan-silk fibroin hydrogel (Au@Ch-SF) were validated using spectral and microscopic examinations. The most essential elements of hydrogel groups were investigated in detail, including weight loss, mechanical strength, and drug release rate. Initially, the cardioblast cells (H9C2 cells) was incubated with Au@Ch-SF macro-hydrogel, followed by mesenchymal stem cells (2 × 105) were transplanted into the Au@Ch-SF macro-hydrogel+H9C2 culture at the ratio of 2:1. Further, cardiac phenotype development, cytokines expression and tissue regenerative performance of modified mesenchymal stem cells treatment were studied through various in vitro and in vivo analyses. The Au@Ch-SF macro-hydrogel gelation time was much faster than that of Ch and Ch-SF hydrogels, showing that Ch and SF exhibited greater intermolecular interactions. The obtained Au@Ch-SF macro-hydrogel has no toxicity on mesenchymal stem cells (MS) or cardiac myoblast (H9C2) cells, according to the biocompatibility investigation. MS cells co-cultured with Au@Ch-SF macro-hydrogel and H9C2 cells also stimulated cardiomyocyte fiber restoration, which has been confirmed in myocardial infarction rats using -MHC and Cx43 myocardial indicators. We developed a novel method of co-cultured therapy using MS cells, Au@Ch-SF macro-hydrogel, and H9C2 cells which could promote the regenerative activities in myocardial ischemia cells. These study findings show that co-cultured MS therapy might be effective for the treatment of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- Department of 28 Division of Cardiovascular, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China; Department of 28 Division of Cardiovascular, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, PR China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of 28 Division of Cardiovascular, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China; Department of 28 Division of Cardiovascular, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, PR China
| | - Shujuan Cheng
- Department of 28 Division of Cardiovascular, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China; Department of 28 Division of Cardiovascular, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, PR China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of 28 Division of Cardiovascular, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China; Department of 28 Division of Cardiovascular, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, PR China.
| | - Shaoping Wang
- Department of 28 Division of Cardiovascular, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China; Department of 28 Division of Cardiovascular, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, PR China
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Jin Y, Kim H, Min S, Choi YS, Seo SJ, Jeong E, Kim SK, Lee HA, Jo SH, Park JH, Park BW, Sim WS, Kim JJ, Ban K, Kim YG, Park HJ, Cho SW. Three-dimensional heart extracellular matrix enhances chemically induced direct cardiac reprogramming. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5768. [PMID: 36516259 PMCID: PMC9750148 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Direct cardiac reprogramming has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for cardiac regeneration. Full chemical reprogramming with small molecules to generate cardiomyocytes may be more amenable than genetic reprogramming for clinical applications as it avoids safety concerns associated with genetic manipulations. However, challenges remain regarding low conversion efficiency and incomplete cardiomyocyte maturation. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of chemically induced cardiomyocytes (CiCMs) has not been investigated. Here, we report that a three-dimensional microenvironment reconstituted with decellularized heart extracellular matrix can enhance chemical reprogramming and cardiac maturation of fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes. The resultant CiCMs exhibit elevated cardiac marker expression, sarcomeric organization, and improved electrophysiological features and drug responses. We investigated the therapeutic potential of CiCMs reprogrammed in three-dimensional heart extracellular matrix in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Our platform can facilitate the use of CiCMs for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Sun Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ju Seo
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseon Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyeom Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Ae Lee
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Woo Park
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sup Sim
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Wang EY, Zhao Y, Okhovatian S, Smith JB, Radisic M. Intersection of stem cell biology and engineering towards next generation in vitro models of human fibrosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1005051. [PMID: 36338120 PMCID: PMC9630603 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1005051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human fibrotic diseases constitute a major health problem worldwide. Fibrosis involves significant etiological heterogeneity and encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases affecting various organs. To date, many fibrosis targeted therapeutic agents failed due to inadequate efficacy and poor prognosis. In order to dissect disease mechanisms and develop therapeutic solutions for fibrosis patients, in vitro disease models have gone a long way in terms of platform development. The introduction of engineered organ-on-a-chip platforms has brought a revolutionary dimension to the current fibrosis studies and discovery of anti-fibrotic therapeutics. Advances in human induced pluripotent stem cells and tissue engineering technologies are enabling significant progress in this field. Some of the most recent breakthroughs and emerging challenges are discussed, with an emphasis on engineering strategies for platform design, development, and application of machine learning on these models for anti-fibrotic drug discovery. In this review, we discuss engineered designs to model fibrosis and how biosensor and machine learning technologies combine to facilitate mechanistic studies of fibrosis and pre-clinical drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Yan Wang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob B. Smith
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Lizana-Vasquez GD, Arrieta-Viana LF, Mendez-Vega J, Acevedo A, Torres-Lugo M. Synthetic Thermo-Responsive Terpolymers as Tunable Scaffolds for Cell Culture Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204379. [PMID: 36297960 PMCID: PMC9611013 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of tailored synthetic hydrogels for in vitro tissue culture and biomanufacturing provides the advantage of mimicking the cell microenvironment without issues of batch-to-batch variability. To that end, this work focused on the design, characterization, and preliminary evaluation of thermo-responsive, transparent synthetic terpolymers based on N-isopropylacrylamide, vinylphenylboronic acid, and polyethylene glycol for cell manufacturing and in vitro culture applications. Polymer physical properties were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, DLS, rheology, and thermal-gravimetric analysis. Tested combinations provided polymers with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) between 30 and 45 °C. Terpolymer elastic/shear modulus varied between 0.3 and 19.1 kPa at 37 °C. Cellular characterization indicated low cell cytotoxicity on NIH-3T3. Experiments with the ovarian cancer model SKOV-3 and Jurkat T cells showed the terpolymers’ capacity for cell encapsulation without interfering with staining or imaging protocols. In addition, cell growth and high levels of pluripotency demonstrated the capability of terpolymer to culture iPSCs. Characterization results confirmed a promising use of terpolymers as a tunable scaffold for cell culture applications.
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16
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Zheng Z, Lei C, Liu H, Jiang M, Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Yu CY, Wei H. A ROS-Responsive Liposomal Composite Hydrogel Integrating Improved Mitochondrial Function and Pro-Angiogenesis for Efficient Treatment of Myocardial Infarction. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200990. [PMID: 35848825 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction of cardiomyocytes (CMs) has been identified as a significant pathogenesis of early myocardial infarction (MI). However, only a few agents or strategies have been developed to improve mitochondrial dysfunction for the effective MI treatment. Herein, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive PAMB-G-TK/4-arm-PEG-SG hydrogel is developed for localized drug-loaded liposome delivery. Notably, the liposomes contain both elamipretide (SS-31) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), where SS-31 acts as an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative damage and S1P as a signaling molecule for activating angiogenesis. Liposome-encapsulated PAMB-G-TK/4-arm-PEG-SG hydrogels demonstrate myocardium-like mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, and ROS-sensitive release of SS-31 and S1P-loaded liposomes. Further liposomal release of SS-31, which can target cytochrome c in the mitochondrial inner membrane of damaged CMs, inhibits pathological ROS production, improving mitochondrial dysfunction. Meanwhile, S1P released from the liposome induces endothelial cell angiogenesis by activating the S1PR1/PI3K/Akt pathway. In a rat MI model, the resulting liposomal composite hydrogel improves cardiac function by scavenging excess ROS, improving mitochondrial dysfunction, and promoting angiogenesis. This study reports for the first time a liposomal composite hydrogel that can directly target mitochondria of damaged CMs for a feedback-regulated release of encapsulated liposomes to consume the overproduced pathological ROS for improved CM activity and enhanced MI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Cai Lei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Mingchao Jiang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zongtao Zhou
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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17
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Wan H, Sun C, Zhang J, Hu X, Wang Y. Recent advances in implantable hydrogels for treating heart failure. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huining Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Chenwei Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- School of Chemical Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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18
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Hwang JC, Kim M, Kim S, Seo H, An S, Jang EH, Han SY, Kim MJ, Kim NK, Cho SW, Lee S, Park JU. In situ diagnosis and simultaneous treatment of cardiac diseases using a single-device platform. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0897. [PMID: 36103536 PMCID: PMC9473581 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The in situ diagnosis of cardiac activities with simultaneous therapeutic electrical stimulation of the heart is key to preventing cardiac arrhythmia. Here, we present an unconventional single-device platform that enables in situ monitoring even in a wet condition and control of beating heart motions without interferences to the recording signal. This platform consists of the active-matrix array of pressure-sensitive transistors for detecting cardiac beatings, biocompatible, low-impedance electrodes for cardiac stimulations, and an alginate-based hydrogel adhesive for attaching this platform conformally to the epicardium. In contrast to conventional electrophysiological sensing using electrodes, the pressure-sensitive transistors measured mechanophysiological characteristics by monitoring the spatiotemporal distributions of cardiac pressures during heart beating motions. In vivo tests show mechanophysiological readings having good correlation with electrocardiography and negligible interference with the electrical artifacts caused during cardiac stimulations. This platform can therapeutically synchronize the rhythm of abnormal heartbeats through efficient pacing of cardiac arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chul Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Moohyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunkyu Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohwan An
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hwa Jang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeop Han
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- KIURI Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyun Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sak Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- KIURI Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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19
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Trinidad F, Rubonal F, Rodriguez de Castro I, Pirzadeh I, Gerrah R, Kheradvar A, Rugonyi S. Effect of Blood Flow on Cardiac Morphogenesis and Formation of Congenital Heart Defects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9090303. [PMID: 36135448 PMCID: PMC9503889 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9090303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects about 1 in 100 newborns and its causes are multifactorial. In the embryo, blood flow within the heart and vasculature is essential for proper heart development, with abnormal blood flow leading to CHD. Here, we discuss how blood flow (hemodynamics) affects heart development from embryonic to fetal stages, and how abnormal blood flow solely can lead to CHD. We emphasize studies performed using avian models of heart development, because those models allow for hemodynamic interventions, in vivo imaging, and follow up, while they closely recapitulate heart defects observed in humans. We conclude with recommendations on investigations that must be performed to bridge the gaps in understanding how blood flow alone, or together with other factors, contributes to CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Trinidad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Floyd Rubonal
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | - Ida Pirzadeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rabin Gerrah
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arash Kheradvar
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sandra Rugonyi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Shar JA, Keswani SG, Grande-Allen KJ, Sucosky P. Significance of aortoseptal angle anomalies to left ventricular hemodynamics and subaortic stenosis: A numerical study. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105613. [PMID: 35751200 PMCID: PMC10570849 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS) is an obstructive cardiac disease caused by a membranous lesion in the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT). Although its etiology is unknown, the higher prevalence of DSS in LVOT anatomies featuring a steep aortoseptal angle (AoSA) suggests a potential role for hemodynamics. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the impact of AoSA steepening on the LV three-dimensional (3D) hemodynamic stress environment. METHODS A 3D LV model reconstructed from cardiac cine-magnetic resonance imaging was connected to four LVOT geometrical variations spanning the clinical AoSA range (115°-160°). LV hemodynamic stresses were characterized in terms of cycle-averaged pressure, temporal shear magnitude (TSM), and oscillatory shear index. The wall shear stress (WSS) topological skeleton was further analyzed by computing the scaled divergence of the WSS vector field. RESULTS AoSA steepening caused an increasingly perturbed subaortic flow marked by LVOT flow skewness and complex 3D secondary flow patterns. These disturbances generated WSS overloads (>45% increase in TSM vs. 160° model) on the inferior LVOT wall, and increased WSS contraction (>66% decrease in WSS divergence vs. 160° model) in regions prone to DSS membrane formation. CONCLUSIONS AoSA steepening generated substantial hemodynamic stress abnormalities in LVOT regions prone to DSS formation. Further studies are needed to assess the possible impact of such mechanical abnormalities on the tissue and cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Shar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, 840 Polytechnic Lane, Marietta, GA, 30060, USA.
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
| | | | - Philippe Sucosky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, 840 Polytechnic Lane, Marietta, GA, 30060, USA.
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21
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Suh T, Twiddy J, Mahmood N, Ali KM, Lubna MM, Bradford PD, Daniele MA, Gluck JM. Electrospun Carbon Nanotube-Based Scaffolds Exhibit High Conductivity and Cytocompatibility for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20006-20019. [PMID: 35721944 PMCID: PMC9202252 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known for their excellent conductive properties. Here, we present two novel methods, "sandwich" (sCNT) and dual deposition (DD CNT), for incorporating CNTs into electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin scaffolds to increase their conductance. Based on CNT percentage, the DD CNT scaffolds contain significantly higher quantities of CNTs than the sCNT scaffolds. The inclusion of CNTs increased the electrical conductance of scaffolds from 0.0 ± 0.00 kS (non-CNT) to 0.54 ± 0.10 kS (sCNT) and 5.22 ± 0.49 kS (DD CNT) when measured parallel to CNT arrays and to 0.25 ± 0.003 kS (sCNT) and 2.85 ± 1.12 (DD CNT) when measured orthogonally to CNT arrays. The inclusion of CNTs increased fiber diameter and pore size, promoting cellular migration into the scaffolds. CNT inclusion also decreased the degradation rate and increased hydrophobicity of scaffolds. Additionally, CNT inclusion increased Young's modulus and failure load of scaffolds, increasing their mechanical robustness. Murine fibroblasts were maintained on the scaffolds for 30 days, demonstrating high cytocompatibility. The increased conductivity and high cytocompatibility of the CNT-incorporated scaffolds make them appropriate candidates for future use in cardiac and neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor
C. Suh
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Jack Twiddy
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North
Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Nasif Mahmood
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Kiran M. Ali
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Mostakima M. Lubna
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Philip D. Bradford
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Michael A. Daniele
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North
Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Jessica M. Gluck
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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22
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Nguyen-Truong M, Kim S, Doherty C, Frederes M, LeBar K, Ghosh S, Hematti P, Chinnadurai R, Wagner WR, Wang Z. Pro-angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Regulated by Matrix Stiffness and Anisotropy Mimicking Right Ventricles. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2353-2361. [PMID: 35502841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Capillary rarefaction is a hallmark of right ventricle (RV) failure. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy offers a potential treatment due to its pro-angiogenic function. However, the impact of RV tissue mechanics on MSC behavior is unclear, especially when referring to RV end-diastolic stiffness and mechanical anisotropy. In this study, we assessed MSC behavior on electrospun scaffolds with varied stiffness (normal vs failing RV) and anisotropy (isotropic vs anisotropic). In individual MSCs, we observed the highest vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and total tube length in the failing, isotropic group (2.00 ± 0.37, 1.53 ± 0.24), which was greater than the normal, isotropic group (0.70 ± 0.15, 0.55 ± 0.07; p < 0.05). The presence of anisotropy led to trends of increased VEGF production on normal groups (0.75 ± 0.09 vs 1.20 ± 0.17), but this effect was absent on failing groups. Our findings reveal synergistic effects of RV-like stiffness and anisotropy on MSC pro-angiogenic function and may guide MSC-based therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen-Truong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Seungil Kim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Courtney Doherty
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Megan Frederes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Kristen LeBar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Soham Ghosh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison-School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31207, United States
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
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23
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Tringides CM, Mooney DJ. Materials for Implantable Surface Electrode Arrays: Current Status and Future Directions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107207. [PMID: 34716730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface electrode arrays are mainly fabricated from rigid or elastic materials, and precisely manipulated ductile metal films, which offer limited stretchability. However, the living tissues to which they are applied are nonlinear viscoelastic materials, which can undergo significant mechanical deformation in dynamic biological environments. Further, the same arrays and compositions are often repurposed for vastly different tissues rather than optimizing the materials and mechanical properties of the implant for the target application. By first characterizing the desired biological environment, and then designing a technology for a particular organ, surface electrode arrays may be more conformable, and offer better interfaces to tissues while causing less damage. Here, the various materials used in each component of a surface electrode array are first reviewed, and then electrically active implants in three specific biological systems, the nervous system, the muscular system, and skin, are described. Finally, the fabrication of next-generation surface arrays that overcome current limitations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tringides
- Harvard Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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24
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Querceto S, Santoro R, Gowran A, Grandinetti B, Pompilio G, Regnier M, Tesi C, Poggesi C, Ferrantini C, Pioner JM. The harder the climb the better the view: The impact of substrate stiffness on cardiomyocyte fate. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:36-49. [PMID: 35139328 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The quest for novel methods to mature human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) for cardiac regeneration, modelling and drug testing has emphasized a need to create microenvironments with physiological features. Many studies have reported on how cardiomyocytes sense substrate stiffness and adapt their morphological and functional properties. However, these observations have raised new biological questions and a shared vision to translate it into a tissue or organ context is still elusive. In this review, we will focus on the relevance of substrates mimicking cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) rigidity for the understanding of the biomechanical crosstalk between the extracellular and intracellular environment. The ability to opportunely modulate these pathways could be a key to regulate in vitro hiPSC-CM maturation. Therefore, both hiPSC-CM models and substrate stiffness appear as intriguing tools for the investigation of cECM-cell interactions. More understanding of these mechanisms may provide novel insights on how cECM affects cardiac cell function in the context of genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Querceto
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy; Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Grandinetti
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chiara Tesi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Josè Manuel Pioner
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
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25
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Benech JC, Romanelli G. Atomic force microscopy indentation for nanomechanical characterization of live pathological cardiovascular/heart tissue and cells. Micron 2022; 158:103287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2022.103287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Wang X, Ansari A, Pierre V, Young K, Kothapalli CR, von Recum HA, Senyo SE. Injectable Extracellular Matrix Microparticles Promote Heart Regeneration in Mice with Post-ischemic Heart Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102265. [PMID: 35118812 PMCID: PMC9035118 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart injury causes permanent cardiomyocyte loss and fibrosis impairing cardiac function. Tissue derived biomaterials have shown promise as an injectable treatment for the post-ischemic heart. Specifically, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is a protein rich suspension that forms a therapeutic hydrogel once injected and improves the heart post-injury response in rodents and pig models. Current dECM-derived biomaterials are delivered to the heart as a liquid dECM hydrogel precursor or colloidal suspension, which gels over several minutes. To increase the functionality of the dECM therapy, an injectable solid dECM microparticle formulation derived from heart tissue to control sizing and extend stability in aqueous conditions is developed. When delivered into the infarcted mouse heart, these dECM microparticles protect cardiac function promote vessel density and reduce left ventricular remodeling by sustained delivery of biomolecules. Longer retention, higher stiffness, and slower protein release of dECM microparticles are noted compared to liquid dECM hydrogel precursor. In addition, the dECM microparticle can be developed as a platform for macromolecule delivery. Together, the results suggest that dECM microparticles can be developed as a modular therapy for heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ali Ansari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Valinteshley Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kathleen Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Chandrasekhar R. Kothapalli
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Horst A. von Recum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Samuel E. Senyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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27
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Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Applications in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073700. [PMID: 35409059 PMCID: PMC8998711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart muscle disorder characterized by progressive replacement of cardiomyocytes by fibrofatty tissue, ventricular dilatation, cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Interest in molecular biomechanics for these disorders is constantly growing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a well-established technic to study the mechanobiology of biological samples under physiological and pathological conditions at the cellular scale. However, a review which described all the different data that can be obtained using the AFM (cell elasticity, adhesion behavior, viscoelasticity, beating force, and frequency) is still missing. In this review, we will discuss several techniques that highlight the potential of AFM to be used as a tool for assessing the biomechanics involved in ACM. Indeed, analysis of genetically mutated cells with AFM reveal abnormalities of the cytoskeleton, cell membrane structures, and defects of contractility. The higher the Young’s modulus, the stiffer the cell, and it is well known that abnormal tissue stiffness is symptomatic of a range of diseases. The cell beating force and frequency provide information during the depolarization and repolarization phases, complementary to cell electrophysiology (calcium imaging, MEA, patch clamp). In addition, original data is also presented to emphasize the unique potential of AFM as a tool to assess fibrosis in cardiac tissue.
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28
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Le Floch P, Li Q, Lin Z, Zhao S, Liu R, Tasnim K, Jiang H, Liu J. Stretchable Mesh Nanoelectronics for 3D Single-Cell Chronic Electrophysiology from Developing Brain Organoids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106829. [PMID: 35014735 PMCID: PMC8930507 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived brain organoids have shown great potential for studies of human brain development and neurological disorders. However, quantifying the evolution of the electrical properties of brain organoids during development is currently limited by the measurement techniques, which cannot provide long-term stable 3D bioelectrical interfaces with developing brain organoids. Here, a cyborg brain organoid platform is reported, in which "tissue-like" stretchable mesh nanoelectronics are designed to match the mechanical properties of brain organoids and to be folded by the organogenetic process of progenitor or stem cells, distributing stretchable electrode arrays across the 3D organoids. The tissue-wide integrated stretchable electrode arrays show no interruption to brain organoid development, adapt to the volume and morphological changes during brain organoid organogenesis, and provide long-term stable electrical contacts with neurons within brain organoids during development. The seamless and noninvasive coupling of electrodes to neurons enables long-term stable, continuous recording and captures the emergence of single-cell action potentials from early-stage brain organoid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Le Floch
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Zuwan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Kazi Tasnim
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Han Jiang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
- Corresponding author.
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29
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Sharma A, Gupta S, Archana S, Verma RS. Emerging Trends in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applications for Cardiac Regenerative Therapy: Current Status and Advances. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1546-1602. [PMID: 35122226 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible myocardium infarction is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related death and its quantum is expected to grow in coming years. Pharmacological intervention has been at the forefront to ameliorate injury-related morbidity and mortality. However, its outcomes are highly skewed. As an alternative, stem cell-based tissue engineering/regenerative medicine has been explored quite extensively to regenerate the damaged myocardium. The therapeutic modality that has been most widely studied both preclinically and clinically is based on adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) delivered to the injured heart. However, there is debate over the mechanistic therapeutic role of MSC in generating functional beating cardiomyocytes. This review intends to emphasize the role and use of MSC in cardiac regenerative therapy (CRT). We have elucidated in detail, the various aspects related to the history and progress of MSC use in cardiac tissue engineering and its multiple strategies to drive cardiomyogenesis. We have further discussed with a focus on the various therapeutic mechanism uncovered in recent times that has a significant role in ameliorating heart-related problems. We reviewed recent and advanced technologies using MSC to develop/create tissue construct for use in cardiac regenerative therapy. Finally, we have provided the latest update on the usage of MSC in clinical trials and discussed the outcome of such studies in realizing the full potential of MSC use in clinical management of cardiac injury as a cellular therapy module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santosh Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Archana
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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30
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Pires RH, Dau TH, Manu E, Shree N, Otto O. Switching in the expression pattern of actin isoforms marks the onset of contractility and distinct mechanodynamic behavior during cardiomyocyte differentiation. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15171. [PMID: 35166060 PMCID: PMC8844573 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) into cardiomyocytes is a fundamental step in cardiogenesis, which is marked by changes in gene expression responsible for remodeling of the cytoskeleton and in altering the mechanical properties of cells. Here we have induced the differentiation of CPC derived from human pluripotent stem cells into immature cardiomyocytes (iCM) which we compare with more differentiated cardiomyocytes (mCM). Using atomic force microscopy and real-time deformability cytometry, we describe the mechanodynamic changes that occur during the differentiation process and link our findings to protein expression data of cytoskeletal proteins. Increased levels of cardiac-specific markers as well as evolution of cytoskeletal morphology and contractility parameters correlated with the expected extent of cell differentiation that was accompanied by hypertrophic growth of cells. These changes were associated with switching in the balance of the different actin isoforms where β-actin is predominantly found in CPC, smooth muscle α-actin is dominant in iCM cells and sarcomeric α-actin is found in significantly higher levels in mCM. We link these cytoskeletal changes to differences in mechano-dynamic behavior of cells that translate to changes in Young's modulus that depend on the cell adherence. Our results demonstrate that the intracellular balance of actin isoform expression can be used as a sensitive ruler to determine the stage of differentiation during early phases of cardiomyocyte differentiation that correlates with an increased expression of sarcomeric proteins and is accompanied by changes in cellular elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo H. Pires
- ZIK‐HIKE ‐ Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären ErkrankungenUniversität GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- DZHK ‐ Deutsches Zentrum für HerzkreislaufforschungGreifswaldGermany
| | - Tung H. Dau
- ZIK‐HIKE ‐ Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären ErkrankungenUniversität GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- FLI ‐ Friedrich‐Loeffler‐InstitutGreifswaldInsel RiemsGermany
| | - Emmanuel Manu
- ZIK‐HIKE ‐ Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären ErkrankungenUniversität GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- DZHK ‐ Deutsches Zentrum für HerzkreislaufforschungGreifswaldGermany
| | - Nithya Shree
- ZIK‐HIKE ‐ Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären ErkrankungenUniversität GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Oliver Otto
- ZIK‐HIKE ‐ Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären ErkrankungenUniversität GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- DZHK ‐ Deutsches Zentrum für HerzkreislaufforschungGreifswaldGermany
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31
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Basara G, Saeidi-Javash M, Ren X, Bahcecioglu G, Wyatt BC, Anasori B, Zhang Y, Zorlutuna P. Electrically conductive 3D printed Ti 3C 2T x MXene-PEG composite constructs for cardiac tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:179-189. [PMID: 33352299 PMCID: PMC8213874 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineered cardiac patches have great potential as a therapeutic treatment for myocardial infarction (MI). However, for successful integration with the native tissue and proper function of the cells comprising the patch, it is crucial for these patches to mimic the ordered structure of the native extracellular matrix and the electroconductivity of the human heart. In this study, a new composite construct that can provide both conductive and topographical cues for human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs) is developed for cardiac tissue engineering applications. The constructs are fabricated by 3D printing conductive titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene in pre-designed patterns on polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels, using aerosol jet printing, at a cell-level resolution and then seeded with iCMs and cultured for one week with no signs of cytotoxicity. The results presented in this work illustrate the vital role of 3D-printed Ti3C2Tx MXene on aligning iCMs with a significant increase in MYH7, SERCA2, and TNNT2 expressions, and with an improved synchronous beating as well as conduction velocity. This study demonstrates that 3D printed Ti3C2Tx MXene can potentially be used to create physiologically relevant cardiac patches for the treatment of MI. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As cardiovascular diseases and specifically myocardial infarction (MI) continue to be the leading cause of death worldwide, it is critical that new clinical interventions be developed. Tissue engineered cardiac patches have shown significant potential as clinical therapeutics to promote recovery following MI. Unfortunately, current constructs lack the ordered structure and electroconductivity of native human heart. In this study, we engineered a composite construct that can provide both conductive and topographical cues for human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. By 3D printing conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene in pre-designed patterns on polyethylene glycol hydrogels, using aerosol jet printing, at a cell-level resolution, we developed tissue engineered patches that have the potential for providing a new clinical therapeutic to combat cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Basara
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Mortaza Saeidi-Javash
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Brian C. Wyatt
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute and Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Babak Anasori
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute and Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yanliang Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA,Corresponding author: Pinar Zorlutuna, , Address: 143 Multidisciplinary Research Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, Phone no: +1 574 631 8543, Fax no: +1 574 631 8341
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32
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Morsink M, Severino P, Luna-Ceron E, Hussain MA, Sobahi N, Shin SR. Effects of electrically conductive nano-biomaterials on regulating cardiomyocyte behavior for cardiac repair and regeneration. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:141-156. [PMID: 34818579 PMCID: PMC11041526 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) represents one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases, with a highly relevant and impactful role in public health. Despite the therapeutic advances of the last decades, MI still begets extensive death rates around the world. The pathophysiology of the disease correlates with cardiomyocyte necrosis, caused by an imbalance in the demand of oxygen to cardiac tissues, resulting from obstruction of the coronary flow. To alleviate the severe effects of MI, the use of various biomaterials exhibit vast potential in cardiac repair and regeneration, acting as native extracellular matrices. These hydrogels have been combined with nano sized or functional materials which possess unique electrical, mechanical, and topographical properties that play important roles in regulating phenotypes and the contractile function of cardiomyocytes even in adverse microenvironments. These nano-biomaterials' differential properties have led to substantial healing on in vivo cardiac injury models by promoting fibrotic scar reduction, hemodynamic function preservation, and benign cardiac remodeling. In this review, we discuss the interplay of the unique physical properties of electrically conductive nano-biomaterials, are able to manipulate the phenotypes and the electrophysiological behavior of cardiomyocytes in vitro, and can enhance heart regeneration in vivo. Consequently, the understanding of the decisive roles of the nano-biomaterials discussed in this review could be useful for designing novel nano-biomaterials in future research for cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study introduced and deciphered the understanding of the role of multimodal cues in recent advances of electrically conductive nano-biomaterials on cardiac tissue engineering. Compared with other review papers, which mainly describe these studies based on various types of electrically conductive nano-biomaterials, in this review paper we mainly discussed the interplay of the unique physical properties (electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and topography) of electrically conductive nano-biomaterials, which would allow them to manipulate phenotypes and the electrophysiological behavior of cardiomyocytes in vitro and to enhance heart regeneration in vivo. Consequently, understanding the decisive roles of the nano-biomaterials discussed in the review could help design novel nano-biomaterials in future research for cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha Morsink
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America; Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America; University of Tiradentes (Unit), Biotechnological Postgraduate Program. Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390 Aracaju, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390 Aracaju, Brazil; Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Eder Luna-Ceron
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Mohammad A Hussain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nebras Sobahi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America.
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Liao Y, Zhu L, Wang Y. Maturation of Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Foe in Translation Medicine. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:366-385. [PMID: 34711701 PMCID: PMC8611306 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the in-depth study of heart development, many human cardiomyocytes (CMs) have been generated in a laboratory environment. CMs derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been widely used for a series of applications such as laboratory studies, drug toxicology screening, cardiac disease models, and as an unlimited resource for cell-based cardiac regeneration therapy. However, the low maturity of the induced CMs significantly impedes their applicability. Scientists have been committed to improving the maturation of CMs to achieve the purpose of heart regeneration in the past decades. In this review, we take CMs maturation as the main object of discussion, describe the characteristics of CMs maturation, summarize the key regulatory mechanism of regulating maturation and address the approaches to promote CMs maturation. The maturation of CM is gradually improving due to the incorporation of advanced technologies and is expected to continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Liao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Wang X, Pierre V, Senapati S, Park PSH, Senyo SE. Microenvironment Stiffness Amplifies Post-ischemia Heart Regeneration in Response to Exogenous Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Neonatal Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:773978. [PMID: 34805326 PMCID: PMC8602555 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.773978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiogenesis of the fetal heart is absent in juveniles and adults. Cross-transplantation of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can stimulate regeneration in myocardial infarct (MI) models. We have previously shown that dECM and tissue stiffness have cooperative regulation of heart regeneration in transiently regenerative day 1 neonatal mice. To investigate underlying mechanisms of mechano-signaling and dECM, we pharmacologically altered heart stiffness and administered dECM hydrogels in non-regenerative mice after MI. The dECM combined with softening exhibits preserved cardiac function, LV geometry, increased cardiomyocyte mitosis and lowered fibrosis while stiffening further aggravated ischemic damage. Transcriptome analysis identified a protein in cardiomyocytes, CLCA2, confirmed to be upregulated after MI and downregulated by dECM in a mechanosensitive manner. Synthetic knock-down of CLCA2 expression induced mitosis in primary rat cardiomyocytes in the dish. Together, our results indicate that therapeutic efficacy of extracellular molecules for heart regeneration can be modulated by heart microenvironment stiffness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Valinteshley Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Subhadip Senapati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Paul S.-H. Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Samuel E. Senyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Exogenous extracellular matrix proteins decrease cardiac fibroblast activation in stiffening microenvironment through CAPG. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 159:105-119. [PMID: 34118218 PMCID: PMC10066715 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Controlling fibrosis is an essential part of regenerating the post-ischemic heart. In the post-ischemic heart, fibroblasts differentiate to myofibroblasts that produce collagen-rich matrix to physically stabilize the infarct area. Infarct models in adult mice result in permanent scarring unlike newborn animals which fully regenerate. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels derived from early-aged hearts have been shown to be a transplantable therapy that preserves heart function and stimulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and vascularization. In this study, we investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of injectable dECM hydrogels in a cardiac explant model in the context of age-associated tissue compliance. Treatments with adult and fetal dECM hydrogels were tested for molecular effects on cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Altered sensitivity of fibroblasts to the mechanosignaling of the remodeling microenvironment was evaluated by manipulating the native extracellular matrix in explants and also with elastomeric substrates in the presence of dECM hydrogels. The injectable fetal dECM hydrogel treatment decreases fibroblast activation and contractility and lowers the stiffness-mediated increases in fibroblast activation observed in stiffened explants. The anti-fibrotic effect of dECM hydrogel is most observable at highest stiffness. Experiments with primary cells on elastomeric substrates with dECM treatment support this phenomenon. Transcriptome analysis indicated that dECM hydrogels affect cytoskeleton related signaling including Macrophage capping protein (CAPG) and Leupaxin (LPXN). CAPG was down-regulated by the fetal dECM hydrogel. LPXN expression was decreased by stiffening the explants; however, this effect was reversed by dECM hydrogel treatment. Pharmacological disruption of cytoskeleton polymerization lowered fibroblast activation and CAPG levels. Knocking down CAPG expression with siRNA inhibited fibroblast activation and collagen deposition. Collectively, fibroblast activation is dependent on cooperative action of extracellular molecular signals and mechanosignaling by cytoskeletal integrity.
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Salem T, Frankman Z, Churko J. Tissue engineering techniques for iPSC derived three-dimensional cardiac constructs. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:891-911. [PMID: 34476988 PMCID: PMC9419978 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in applied developmental physiology have provided well-defined methodologies for producing human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes produced in this way have become commonplace as cardiac physiology research models. This accessibility has also allowed for the development of tissue engineered human heart constructs for drug screening, surgical intervention, and investigating cardiac pathogenesis. However, cardiac tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that involves complex engineering and physiological concepts, which limits its accessibility. This review provides a readable, broad reaching, and thorough discussion of major factors to consider for the development of cardiovascular tissues from stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. This review will examine important considerations in undertaking a cardiovascular tissue engineering project, and will present, interpret, and summarize some of the recent advancements in this field. This includes reviewing different forms of tissue engineered constructs, a discussion on cardiomyocyte sources, and an in-depth discussion of the fabrication and maturation procedures for tissue engineered heart constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori Salem
- University of Arizona Medical Center - University Campus, 22165, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States;
| | - Zachary Frankman
- University of Arizona Medical Center - University Campus, 22165, Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States;
| | - Jared Churko
- University of Arizona Medical Center - University Campus, 22165, 1501 N Campbell RD, SHC 6143, Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85724-5128;
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He C, Wei X, Liang T, Liu M, Jiang D, Zhuang L, Wang P. Quantifying the Compressive Force of 3D Cardiac Tissues via Calculating the Volumetric Deformation of Built-In Elastic Gelatin Microspheres. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001716. [PMID: 34197053 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying cardiac contractile force is of paramount important in studying mechanical heart failure and screening therapeutic drugs. However, most existing methods can only measure the in-plane component of twitch force of cardiomyocytes, such that mismatching the centripetal compressive stress of heart beating in physiology. Here, a non-destructive method is developed for quantifying the compressive stress and mapping the distribution of the local stress within the 3D cardiac tissues. In detail, elastic gelatin microspheres labeled with fluorescence beads are fabricated by microfluidic chips with high throughput, and they serve as built-in pressure sensors which are wrapped by cardiomyocytes in 3D tissues. The deformation of microspheres and the displacements of fluorescent beads induced by the contraction of cardiomyocytes are demonstrated to characterize the amount and distribution of the centripetal compressive stress. Further, the method shows a potent capability to locally quantify contractile force variation of 3D cardiac tissues, which is induced by agonist (norepinephrine) and inhibitor (blebbistatin). On the whole, the method significantly improves the 3D measurement of mechanical force in vitro and provides a solution for locally quantifying the compressive stress within engineered cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang He
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
| | - Xinwei Wei
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Tao Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Deming Jiang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Liujing Zhuang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
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Behmer Hansen RA, Wang X, Kaw G, Pierre V, Senyo SE. Accounting for Material Changes in Decellularized Tissue with Underutilized Methodologies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6696295. [PMID: 34159202 PMCID: PMC8187050 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue decellularization has rapidly developed to be a practical approach in tissue engineering research; biological tissue is cleared of cells resulting in a protein-rich husk as a natural scaffold for growing transplanted cells as a donor organ therapy. Minimally processed, acellular extracellular matrix reproduces natural interactions with cells in vitro and for tissue engineering applications in animal models. There are many decellularization techniques that achieve preservation of molecular profile (proteins and sugars), microstructure features such as organization of ECM layers (interstitial matrix and basement membrane) and organ level macrofeatures (vasculature and tissue compartments). While structural and molecular cues receive attention, mechanical and material properties of decellularized tissues are not often discussed. The effects of decellularization on an organ depend on the tissue properties, clearing mechanism, chemical interactions, solubility, temperature, and treatment duration. Physical characterization by a few labs including work from the authors provides evidence that decellularization protocols should be tailored to specific research questions. Physical characterization beyond histology and immunohistochemistry of the decellularized matrix (dECM) extends evaluation of retained functional features of the original tissue. We direct our attention to current technologies that can be employed for structure function analysis of dECM using underutilized tools such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass spectrometry, and rheometry. Structural imaging and mechanical functional testing combined with high-throughput molecular analyses opens a new approach for a deeper appreciation of how cellular behavior is influenced by the isolated microenvironment (specifically dECM). Additionally, the impact of these features with different decellularization techniques and generation of synthetic material scaffolds with desired attributes are informed. Ultimately, this mechanical profiling provides a new dimension to our understanding of decellularized matrix and its role in new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Behmer Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xinming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gitanjali Kaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valinteshley Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samuel E. Senyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:163-171. [PMID: 34053865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) represent an inexhaustible cell source for in vitro disease modeling, drug discovery and toxicity screening, and potential therapeutic applications. However, currently available differentiation protocols yield populations of hPSC-CMs with an immature phenotype similar to cardiomyocytes in the early fetal heart. In this review, we consider the developmental processes and signaling cues involved in normal human cardiac maturation, as well as how these insights might be applied to the specific maturation of hPSC-CMs. We summarize the state-of-the-art and relative merits of reported hPSC-CM maturation strategies including prolonged duration in culture, metabolic manipulation, treatment with soluble or substrate-based cues, and tissue engineering approaches. Finally, we review the evidence that hPSC-CMs mature after implantation in injured hearts as such in vivo remodeling will likely affect the safety and efficacy of a potential hPSC-based cardiac therapy.
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40
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Shen S, Sewanan LR, Campbell SG. Evidence for synergy between sarcomeres and fibroblasts in an in vitro model of myocardial reverse remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:11-25. [PMID: 33992697 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have created a novel in-vitro platform to study reverse remodeling of engineered heart tissue (EHT) after mechanical unloading. EHTs were created by seeding decellularized porcine myocardial sections with a mixture of primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Each end of the ribbon-like constructs was fixed to a plastic clip, allowing the tissues to be statically stretched or slackened. Inelastic deformation was introduced by stretching tissues by 20% of their original length. EHTs were subsequently unloaded by returning tissues to their original, shorter length. Mechanical characterization of EHTs immediately after unloading and at subsequent time points confirmed the presence of a reverse-remodeling process, through which stress-free tissue length was increased after chronic stretch but gradually decreased back to its original value within 9 days. When a cardiac myosin inhibitor was applied to tissues after unloading, EHTs failed to completely recover their passive and active mechanical properties, suggesting a role for actomyosin contraction in reverse remodeling. Selectively inhibiting cardiomyocyte contraction or fibroblast activity after mechanical unloading showed that contractile activity of both cell types was required to achieve full remodeling. Similar tests with EHTs formed from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes also showed reverse remodeling that was enhanced when treated with omecamtiv mecarbil, a myosin activator. These experiments suggest essential roles for active sarcomeric contraction and fibroblast activity in reverse remodeling of myocardium after mechanical unloading. Our findings provide a mechanistic rationale for designing potential therapies to encourage reverse remodeling in patient hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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41
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Zheng Q, Peng M, Liu Z, Li S, Han R, Ouyang H, Fan Y, Pan C, Hu W, Zhai J, Li Z, Wang ZL. Dynamic real-time imaging of living cell traction force by piezo-phototronic light nano-antenna array. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/22/eabe7738. [PMID: 34039600 PMCID: PMC8153726 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe7738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic mapping of the cell-generated force of cardiomyocytes will help provide an intrinsic understanding of the heart. However, a real-time, dynamic, and high-resolution mapping of the force distribution across a single living cell remains a challenge. Here, we established a force mapping method based on a "light nano-antenna" array with the use of piezo-phototronic effect. A spatial resolution of 800 nm and a temporal resolution of 333 ms have been demonstrated for force mapping. The dynamic mapping of cell force of live cardiomyocytes was directly derived by locating the antennas' positions and quantifying the light intensities of the piezo-phototronic light nano-antenna array. This study presents a rapid and ultrahigh-resolution methodology for the fundamental study of cardiomyocyte behavior at the cell or subcellular level. It can provide valuable information about disease detection, drug screening, and tissue engineering for heart-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Mingzeng Peng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Rongcheng Han
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Han Ouyang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Zhai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China.
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China.
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China.
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA
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James EC, Tomaskovic-Crook E, Crook JM. Bioengineering Clinically Relevant Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Tissues from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063005. [PMID: 33809429 PMCID: PMC8001925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is insufficient to functionally recover damaged tissue, and as such, ischaemic heart disease forms the largest proportion of cardiovascular associated deaths. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have enormous potential for developing patient specific cardiomyocytes for modelling heart disease, patient-based cardiac toxicity testing and potentially replacement therapy. However, traditional protocols for hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes yield mixed populations of atrial, ventricular and nodal-like cells with immature cardiac properties. New insights gleaned from embryonic heart development have progressed the precise production of subtype-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes; however, their physiological immaturity severely limits their utility as model systems and their use for drug screening and cell therapy. The long-entrenched challenges in this field are being addressed by innovative bioengingeering technologies that incorporate biophysical, biochemical and more recently biomimetic electrical cues, with the latter having the potential to be used to both direct hiPSC differentiation and augment maturation and the function of derived cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissues by mimicking endogenous electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Claire James
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia;
| | - Eva Tomaskovic-Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia;
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.T.-C.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Jeremy Micah Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia;
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.T.-C.); (J.M.C.)
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DePalma SJ, Davidson CD, Stis AE, Helms AS, Baker BM. Microenvironmental determinants of organized iPSC-cardiomyocyte tissues on synthetic fibrous matrices. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:93-107. [PMID: 33325920 PMCID: PMC7971708 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01247e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) show great potential for engineering myocardium to study cardiac disease and create regenerative therapies. However, iPSC-CMs typically possess a late embryonic stage phenotype, with cells failing to exhibit markers of mature adult tissue. This is due in part to insufficient knowledge and control of microenvironmental cues required to facilitate the organization and maturation of iPSC-CMs. Here, we employed a cell-adhesive, mechanically tunable synthetic fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of electrospun dextran vinyl sulfone (DVS) fibers and examined how biochemical, architectural, and mechanical properties of the ECM impact iPSC-CM tissue assembly and subsequent function. Exploring a multidimensional parameter space spanning cell-adhesive ligand, seeding density, fiber alignment, and stiffness, we found that fibronectin-functionalized DVS matrices composed of highly aligned fibers with low stiffness optimally promoted the organization of functional iPSC-CM tissues. Tissues generated on these matrices demonstrated improved calcium handling and increased end-to-end localization of N-cadherin as compared to micropatterned fibronectin lines or fibronectin-coated glass. Furthermore, DVS matrices supported long-term culture (45 days) of iPSC-CMs; N-cadherin end-to-end localization and connexin43 expression both increased as a function of time in culture. In sum, these findings demonstrate the importance of recapitulating the fibrous myocardial ECM in engineering structurally organized and functional iPSC-CM tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Baker C, Wagner K, Wagner P, Officer DL, Mawad D. Biofunctional conducting polymers: synthetic advances, challenges, and perspectives towards their use in implantable bioelectronic devices. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1899850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carly Baker
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Klaudia Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Pawel Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - David L. Officer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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45
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Chanthra N, Uosaki H. Maturity of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Future Perspectives for Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Del Monte-Nieto G, Fischer JW, Gorski DJ, Harvey RP, Kovacic JC. Basic Biology of Extracellular Matrix in the Cardiovascular System, Part 1/4: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:2169-2188. [PMID: 32354384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the noncellular component of tissues in the cardiovascular system and other organs throughout the body. It is formed of filamentous proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans, which extensively interact and whose structure and dynamics are modified by cross-linking, bridging proteins, and cleavage by matrix degrading enzymes. The ECM serves important structural and regulatory roles in establishing tissue architecture and cellular function. The ECM of the developing heart has unique properties created by its emerging contractile nature; similarly, ECM lining blood vessels is highly elastic in order to sustain the basal and pulsatile forces imposed on their walls throughout life. In this part 1 of a 4-part JACC Focus Seminar, we focus on the role, function, and basic biology of the ECM in both heart development and in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Del Monte-Nieto
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel J Gorski
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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47
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Zhang R, Guo T, Han Y, Huang H, Shi J, Hu J, Li H, Wang J, Saleem A, Zhou P, Lan F. Design of synthetic microenvironments to promote the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:949-960. [PMID: 33231364 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) have a good application perspective in many fields such as disease modeling, drug screening and clinical treatment. However, these are severely hampered by the fact that hPSC-CMs are immature compared to adult human cardiomyocytes. Therefore, many approaches such as genetic manipulation, biochemical factors supplement, mechanical stress, electrical stimulation and three-dimensional culture have been developed to promote the maturation of hPSC-CMs. Recently, establishing in vitro synthetic artificial microenvironments based on the in vivo development program of cardiomyocytes has achieved much attention due to their inherent properties such as stiffness, plasticity, nanotopography and chemical functionality. In this review, the achievements and deficiency of reported synthetic microenvironments that mainly discussed comprehensive biological, chemical, and physical factors, as well as three-dimensional culture were mainly discussed, which have significance to improve the microenvironment design and accelerate the maturation of hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Han
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Amina Saleem
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Lan
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Shiwarski DJ, Tashman JW, Tsamis A, Bliley JM, Blundon MA, Aranda-Michel E, Jallerat Q, Szymanski JM, McCartney BM, Feinberg AW. Fibronectin-based nanomechanical biosensors to map 3D surface strains in live cells and tissue. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5883. [PMID: 33208732 PMCID: PMC7675982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are integral to cellular migration, differentiation and tissue morphogenesis; however, it has proved challenging to directly measure strain at high spatial resolution with minimal perturbation in living sytems. Here, we fabricate, calibrate, and test a fibronectin (FN)-based nanomechanical biosensor (NMBS) that can be applied to the surface of cells and tissues to measure the magnitude, direction, and strain dynamics from subcellular to tissue length-scales. The NMBS is a fluorescently-labeled, ultra-thin FN lattice-mesh with spatial resolution tailored by adjusting the width and spacing of the lattice from 2-100 µm. Time-lapse 3D confocal imaging of the NMBS demonstrates 2D and 3D surface strain tracking during mechanical deformation of known materials and is validated with finite element modeling. Analysis of the NMBS applied to single cells, cell monolayers, and Drosophila ovarioles highlights the NMBS's ability to dynamically track microscopic tensile and compressive strains across diverse biological systems where forces guide structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Shiwarski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Joshua W Tashman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alkiviadis Tsamis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jaci M Bliley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Malachi A Blundon
- Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Edgar Aranda-Michel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Quentin Jallerat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - John M Szymanski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Brooke M McCartney
- Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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49
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Pretorius D, Kahn-Krell AM, LaBarge WC, Lou X, Kannappan R, Pollard AE, Fast VG, Berry JL, Eberhardt AW, Zhang J. Fabrication and characterization of a thick, viable bi-layered stem cell-derived surrogate for future myocardial tissue regeneration. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 33053512 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abc107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue surrogates show promise for restoring mechanical and electrical function in infarcted left ventricular (LV) myocardium. For these cardiac surrogates to be useful in vivo, they are required to support synchronous and forceful contraction over the infarcted region. These design requirements necessitate a thickness sufficient to produce a useful contractile force, an area large enough to cover an infarcted region, and prevascularization to overcome diffusion limitations. Attempts to meet these requirements have been hampered by diffusion limits of oxygen and nutrients (100-200 μm) leading to necrotic regions.This study demonstrates a novel layer-by-layer (LbL) fabrication method used to produce tissue surrogates that meet these requirements and mimic normal myocardium in form and function. Thick (1.5-2 mm) LbL cardiac tissues created from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells were assessed, in vitro, over a four week period for viability (< 5.6 ± 1.4 % nectrotic cells), cell morphology, viscoelastic properties and functionality. Viscoelastic properties of the cardiac surrogates were determined via stress relaxation response modeling and compared to native murine LV tissue. Viscoelastic characterization showed that the generalized Maxwell model of order 4 described the samples well (0.7 < R2 < 0.98). Functional performance assessment showed enhanced t-tubule network development, gap junction communication as well as conduction velocity (16.9 ± 2.3 cm s-1). These results demonstrate that LbL fabrication can be utilized successfully in creating complex, functional cardiac surrogates for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pretorius
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall Room G094, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-2182, UNITED STATES
| | - Asher M Kahn-Krell
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Wesley C LaBarge
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Xi Lou
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Andrew E Pollard
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Vladimir G Fast
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Joel L Berry
- School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Alan W Eberhardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
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50
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Nguyen-Truong M, Li YV, Wang Z. Mechanical Considerations of Electrospun Scaffolds for Myocardial Tissue and Regenerative Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E122. [PMID: 33022929 PMCID: PMC7711753 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials to facilitate the restoration of cardiac tissue is of emerging importance. While there are many aspects to consider in the design of biomaterials, mechanical properties can be of particular importance in this dynamically remodeling tissue. This review focuses on one specific processing method, electrospinning, that is employed to generate materials with a fibrous microstructure that can be combined with material properties to achieve the desired mechanical behavior. Current methods used to fabricate mechanically relevant micro-/nanofibrous scaffolds, in vivo studies using these scaffolds as therapeutics, and common techniques to characterize the mechanical properties of the scaffolds are covered. We also discuss the discrepancies in the reported elastic modulus for physiological and pathological myocardium in the literature, as well as the emerging area of in vitro mechanobiology studies to investigate the mechanical regulation in cardiac tissue engineering. Lastly, future perspectives and recommendations are offered in order to enhance the understanding of cardiac mechanobiology and foster therapeutic development in myocardial regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen-Truong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.N.-T.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Yan Vivian Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.N.-T.); (Y.V.L.)
- Department of Design and Merchandising, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.N.-T.); (Y.V.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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