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Wu H, Wang X, Wang G, Yuan G, Jia W, Tian L, Zheng Y, Ding W, Pei J. Advancing Scaffold-Assisted Modality for In Situ Osteochondral Regeneration: A Shift From Biodegradable to Bioadaptable. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407040. [PMID: 39104283 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Over the decades, the management of osteochondral lesions remains a significant yet unmet medical challenge without curative solutions to date. Owing to the complex nature of osteochondral units with multi-tissues and multicellularity, and inherently divergent cellular turnover capacities, current clinical practices often fall short of robust and satisfactory repair efficacy. Alternative strategies, particularly tissue engineering assisted with biomaterial scaffolds, achieve considerable advances, with the emerging pursuit of a more cost-effective approach of in situ osteochondral regeneration, as evolving toward cell-free modalities. By leveraging endogenous cell sources and innate regenerative potential facilitated with instructive scaffolds, promising results are anticipated and being evidenced. Accordingly, a paradigm shift is occurring in scaffold development, from biodegradable and biocompatible to bioadaptable in spatiotemporal control. Hence, this review summarizes the ongoing progress in deploying bioadaptable criteria for scaffold-based engineering in endogenous osteochondral repair, with emphases on precise control over the scaffolding material, degradation, structure and biomechanics, and surface and biointerfacial characteristics, alongside their distinguished impact on the outcomes. Future outlooks of a highlight on advanced, frontier materials, technologies, and tools tailoring precision medicine and smart healthcare are provided, which potentially paves the path toward the ultimate goal of complete osteochondral regeneration with function restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Biology & Catalysis, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Guocheng Wang
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weitao Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Liangfei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenjiang Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jia Pei
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics & National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Technologies for Diagnosis and Therapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Bohanske MS, Momenzadeh K, van der Zwaal P, Hoogwater FJH, Cory E, Biggane P, Snyder BD, Nazarian A. Computed tomography-based structural rigidity analysis can assess tumor- and treatment-induced changes in rat bones with metastatic lesions. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:767. [PMID: 38926864 PMCID: PMC11210006 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BrCa) is a predominant malignancy, with metastasis occurring in one in eight patients, nearly half of which target the bone, leading to serious complications such as pain, fractures, and compromised mobility. Structural rigidity, crucial for bone strength, becomes compromised with osteolytic lesions, highlighting the vulnerability and increased fracture risk in affected areas. Historically, two-dimensional radiographs have been employed to predict these fracture risks; however, their limitations in capturing the three-dimensional structural and material changes in bone have raised concerns. Recent advances in CT-based Structural Rigidity Analysis (CTRA), offer a promising, more accurate non-invasive 3D approach. This study aims to assess the efficacy of CTRA in monitoring osteolytic lesions' progression and response to therapy, suggesting its potential superiority over existing methodologies in guiding treatment strategies. METHODS Twenty-seven female nude rats underwent femoral intra-medullary inoculation with MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells or saline control. They were divided into Control, Cancer Control, Ibandronate, and Paclitaxel groups. Osteolytic progression was monitored weekly using biplanar radiography, quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). CTRA was employed to predict fracture risk, normalized using the contralateral femur. Statistical analyses, including Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA, assessed differences in outcomes among groups and over time. RESULTS Biplanar radiographs showed treatment benefits over time; however, only certain time-specific differences between the Control and other treatment groups were discernible. Notably, observer subjectivity in X-ray scoring became evident, with significant inter-operator variations. DEXA measurements for metaphyseal Bone Mineral Content (BMC) did not exhibit notable differences between groups. Although diaphyseal BMC highlighted some variance, it did not reveal significant differences between treatments at specific time points, suggesting a limited ability for DEXA to differentiate between treatment effects. In contrast, the CTRA consistently demonstrated variations across different treatments, effectively capturing bone rigidity changes over time, and the axial- (EA), bending- (EI), and torsional rigidity (GJ) outcomes from the CTRA method successfully distinguished differences among treatments at specific time points. CONCLUSION Traditional approaches, such as biplanar radiographs and DEXA, have exhibited inherent limitations, notably observer bias and time-specific inefficacies. Our study accentuates the capability of CTRA in capturing real-time, progressive changes in bone structure, with the potential to predict fractures more accurately and provide a more objective analysis. Ultimately, this innovative approach may bridge the existing gap in clinical guidelines, ushering in enhanced Clinical Decision Support Tool (CDST) for both surgical and non-surgical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bohanske
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Kaveh Momenzadeh
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Peer van der Zwaal
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Trauma Unit, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J H Hoogwater
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Cory
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Peter Biggane
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Brian D Snyder
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Insua A, Galindo-Moreno P, Miron RJ, Wang HL, Monje A. Emerging factors affecting peri-implant bone metabolism. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:27-78. [PMID: 37904311 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Implant dentistry has evolved to the point that standard implant osseointegration is predictable. This is attributed in part to the advancements in material sciences that have led toward improvements in implant surface technology and characteristics. Nonetheless, there remain several cases where implant therapy fails (specifically at early time points), most commonly attributed to factors affecting bone metabolism. Among these patients, smokers are known to have impaired bone metabolism and thus be subject to higher risks of early implant failure and/or late complications related to the stability of the peri-implant bone and mucosal tissues. Notably, however, emerging data have unveiled other critical factors affecting osseointegration, namely, those related to the metabolism of bone tissues. The aim of this review is to shed light on the effects of implant-related factors, like implant surface or titanium particle release; surgical-related factors, like osseodensification or implanted biomaterials; various drugs, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors, anti-hypertensives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, and statins, and host-related factors, like smoking, diet, and metabolic syndrome on bone metabolism, and aseptic peri-implant bone loss. Despite the infectious nature of peri-implant biological complications, these factors must be surveyed for the effective prevention and management of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Insua
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alberto Monje
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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García-Vilana S, Sánchez-Molina D, Velázquez-Ameijide J, Llumà J, Arregui-Dalmases C. Relation between mechanical and densimetric properties to fractal dimension in human rib cortical bone. Med Eng Phys 2023; 117:104004. [PMID: 37331757 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.104004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous prior studies hypothesized a power-law relationship (E∝ρα) between cortical bone Young's modulus (E) and density (ρ) with an exponent 2.3≤α≤3.0, that has not been previously justified in the literature on a theoretical level. Moreover, despite the fact microstructure have been extensively studied, the material correlate of Fractal Dimension (FD) as a descriptor of bone microstructure was not clear in previous studies. METHODS This study examined the effect of mineral content and density on the mechanical properties of a large number of human rib cortical bone samples. The mechanical properties were calculated using Digital Image Correlation and uniaxial tensile tests. CT scans were used to calculate the Fractal Dimension (FD) of each specimen. For each specimen, the mineral (fmin), organic (forg) and water (fwat) weight fractions were determined. In addition, density was measured after a drying-and-ashing process. Then, Regression Analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between anthropometric variables, weight fractions, density and FD, as well as its impact on the mechanical properties. FINDINGS Young's modulus exhibited a power-law relationship with an exponent of α>2.3 when using the conventional density (wet density), but α=2 when using dry density (desecated specimens). In addition, FD increases with decreasing cortical bone density. A significant relationship has been found between FD and density, whereby FD is correlated with the embedding of low density regions in cortical bone. INTERPRETATION This study provides a new insight in the exponent value of the power-law relation between Young's Modulus and density, and relates bone behavior with the fragile fracture theory in ceramic materials. Moreover, the results suggest that Fractal Dimension is related to presence of low-density regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Llumà
- UPC-EEBE, Eduard Maristany, 14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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Huang X, Zheng L, Zheng D, Li S, Fan Y, Lin Z, Huang S. Studying trabecular bone samples demonstrates a power law relation between deteriorated structure and mechanical properties - a study combining 3D printing with the finite element method. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1061758. [PMID: 37334285 PMCID: PMC10273262 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1061758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) significantly contributes to the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. However, when studies compare normal trabeculae against osteoporotic trabeculae (in terms of BV/TV decrease), only an "average" mechanical result has been determined because of the limitation that no two trabecular structures are the same and that each unique trabecular structure can be mechanically tested only once. The mathematic relation between individual structural deterioration and mechanical properties during aging or the osteoporosis process has yet to be further clarified. Three-dimensional (3D) printing and micro-CT-based finite element method (μFEM) can assist in overcoming this issue. Methods In this study, we 3D printed structural-identical but BV/TV value-attenuated trabecular bones (scaled up ×20) from the distal femur of healthy and ovariectomized rats and performed compression mechanical tests. Corresponding μFEM models were also established for simulations. The tissue modulus and strength of 3D printed trabecular bones as well as the effective tissue modulus (denoted as Ez) derived from μFEM models were finally corrected by the side-artifact correction factor. Results The results showed that the tissue modulus corrected, strength corrected and Ez corrected exhibited a significant power law function of BV/TV in structural-identical but BV/TV value-attenuated trabecular samples. Discussion Using 3D printed bones, this study confirms the long-known relationship measured in trabecular tissue with varying volume fractions. In the future, 3D printing may help us attain better bone strength evaluations and even personal fracture risk assessments for patients who suffer from osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqin Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Desheng Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueguang Fan
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziling Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohong Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kwon M, Nam D, Kim J. Pathological Characteristics of Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:435-446. [PMID: 36809635 PMCID: PMC10219909 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify pain-related behavior and pathological characteristics of the knee joint in rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Knee joint inflammation was induced by intra-articular injection of MIA (4 mg/50 µL, n = 14) in 6-week-old male rats. Knee joint diameter, weight-bearing percentage on the hind limb during walking, the knee bending score, and paw withdrawal to mechanical stimuli were measured to evaluate edema and pain-related behavior for 28 d after MIA injection. Histological changes in the knee joints were evaluated using safranin O fast green staining on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 after OA induction (n = 3, respectively). Changes in bone structure and bone mineral density (BMD) were examined 14 and 28 d after OA (n = 3, respectively) using micro-computed tomography (CT). RESULTS The knee joint diameter and knee bending scores of the ipsilateral joint significantly increased 1 d after MIA injection, and the increased knee joint diameter and knee bending score persisted for 28 d. Weight-bearing during walking and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) decreased from 1 and 5 d, respectively, and were maintained up to 28 d after MIA. Cartilage destruction started on day 1, and Mankin scores for bone destruction significantly increased for 14 d, as shown by micro-CT imaging. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that histopathological structural changes in the knee joint due to inflammation started soon after MIA injection, which induced OA pain from inflammation-related acute pain to spontaneous and evoked associated chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kwon
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeon Nam
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junesun Kim
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health and Environment Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Medial tibial plateau sustaining higher physiological stress than the lateral plateau: based on 3D printing and finite element method. Biomed Eng Online 2022; 21:68. [PMID: 36114576 PMCID: PMC9482229 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-01039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (KOA) accounts for most KOA cases, and increased trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) is one of the pathological changes in the tibial plateau of KOA. How BV/TV changes before and after the menopause and its effects on medial compartment KOA are yet to be clarified. Methods Twenty femurs from twenty 12-week-old rats were included. The operated group underwent ovariectomy (to represent the osteoporosis condition), called the O group, and the non-operated group was the normal control, called the N group. Micro-CT scans of the femoral condyles were acquired 12 weeks after the surgery, and the volume of interest (VOI) of medial-, inter-, and lateral-condyle trabeculae were three-dimensional (3D) printed for uniaxial compression mechanical test and simulated by the finite element (FE) method. Results The results demonstrated that the O group indicated poorer trabecular architecture than the N group in three parts of the femoral condyle, especially in the intercondyle. Within the group, the BV/TV, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular number (Tb.N) ratios between the medial and lateral condyles were greater than 1 in both N and O groups. The medial condyle trabeculae's mechanical properties were higher than those of the lateral condyle, and this superiority appears to be broadened under osteoporotic conditions. FE modelling well reproduced these mechanical differentiations. Conclusions According to Wolff's law, the higher BV/TV and mechanical properties of the medial femoral condyle may be due to inherent imbalanced loading on the knee component. Alterations in BV/TV and their corresponding mechanical properties may accompany KOA.
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Mossor AM, Young JW, Butcher MT. Does a suspensory lifestyle result in increased tensile strength?: Organ level material properties of sloth limb bones. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274333. [PMID: 35142360 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The material composition of vertebrate connective tissue is highly conserved across taxa. Existing data suggest that the compressive and tensile strength of limb bones are very similar despite marked variation in limb posture and locomotor patterns. However, the material properties of limb bone tissue from suspensory taxa have not been formally evaluated. Sloths are nearly obligatory in their use of below-branch suspensory locomotion and posture, thus placing their limb bones and associated soft tissue structures under routine tensile loading. It is possible that sloth limb bones are modified for enhanced tensile strength, perhaps at the expense of compressive strength. Fore- and hindlimb bones of two-toed (Choloepus hoffmanni) and three-toed (Bradypus variegatus) sloths were tested in compression and bending to evaluate this hypothesis. Strength and elastic (Young's) modulus were similarly lower in sloth limb bones during both compression and bending, as compared to pronograde taxa. Ratios of peak bending strength to compressive strength additionally were elevated (sloths: 1.4-1.7; upright taxa: 0.6-1.2) for sloth limb bones. Overall, the material properties measured from the limb bones of tree sloths support our hypothesis of predicted function in a tensile limb system. Future studies should aim to directly test bones in tension to confirm indications of elevated axial tensile strength. Nevertheless, the results herein expand understanding of functional adaptation in mammalian tissue for a range of locomotor/postural behaviors that were previously unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mossor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Youngstown State University, Youngstown OH 44555, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH, USA
| | - J W Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH, USA
| | - M T Butcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Youngstown State University, Youngstown OH 44555, USA
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Tian Y, Sadowsky SJ, Brunski JB, Yuan X, Helms JA. Effects of masticatory loading on bone remodeling around teeth vs. implants: insights from a preclinical model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2022; 33:342-352. [PMID: 35051302 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Teeth connect to bone via a periodontal ligament whereas implants connect to bone directly. Consequently, masticatory loads are distributed differently to periodontal versus peri-implant bone. Our objective was to determine how masticatory loading of an implant versus a tooth affected peri-implant versus periodontal bone remodeling. Our hypothesis was that strains produced by functional loading of an implant would be elevated compared to the strains around teeth, and that this would stimulate a greater degree of bone turnover around implants versus in periodontal bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty skeletally mature mice were divided into two groups. In the Implant group, maxillary first molars (mxM1) were extracted, and after socket healing, titanium alloy implants were positioned sub-occlusally. After osseointegration, implants were exposed, resin crowns were placed, and masticatory loading was initiated. In a Control group the dentition was left intact. Responses of peri-implant and periodontal bone were measured using micro-CT, histology, bone remodeling assays, and quantitative histomorphometry while bone strains were estimated using finite element (FE) analyses. CONCLUSIONS When a submerged osseointegrated implant is exposed to masticatory forces peri-implant strains are elevated, and peri-implant bone undergoes significant remodeling that culminates in new bone accrual. The accumulation of new bone functions to reduce both peri-implant strains and bone remodeling activities, equivalent to those observed around the intact dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94305, USA
| | - Steven J Sadowsky
- University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John B Brunski
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94305, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94305, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94305, USA
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10
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Wang J, Yi C, Wang S, Wang L, Jia H, Chen B, Huan Y. The elastoplastic numerical model and verification by macroindentation experiment of femoral head. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 24:1588-1594. [PMID: 33749449 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.1902510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
For internal fixation of proximal femoral fractures, a screw is commonly placed into the femoral head; therefore, mechanical matching of the femoral head and screw is important. This article proposes an elastoplastic numerical model of the femoral head that takes nonlinear deformation and cancellous bone heterogeneity into account. Force-depth curves from finite element analysis based on the model were compared with those from macroindentation experiments. The maximum difference between the indentation depth shown by the finite element model and that found with macroindentation testing was 5.9%, which demonstrates that the model is valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yi
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyou Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Beijing, China
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Preclinical Dosimetry, Imaging, and Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Studies of Lu-177-Labeled Albumin-Binding, PSMA-Targeted CTT1403. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:274-284. [PMID: 31321650 PMCID: PMC6980512 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) continues to be the hallmark biomarker for prostate cancer as it is expressed on nearly all prostatic tumors. In addition, increased PSMA expression correlates with castration resistance and progression to the metastatic stage of the disease. Recently, we combined both an albumin-binding motif and an irreversible PSMA inhibitor to develop the novel PSMA-targeted radiotherapeutic agent, CTT1403. This molecule was novel in the field of PSMA-targeted agents as its key motifs resulted in extended blood circulation time and tumor uptake, rapid and extensive internalization into PSMA+ cells, and promising therapeutic efficacy. The objective of this study was to perform IND-enabling translational studies on CTT1403 in rodent models. PROCEDURES A dose optimization study was performed in PC3-PIP (PSMA+) tumor-bearing mice. Treatment groups were randomly selected to receive one to three 14-MBq injections of CTT1403. Control groups included (1) saline, (2) non-radioactive [175Lu]CTT1403, or (3) two injections of 14 MBq CTT1751, a Lu-177-labeled non-targeted albumin-binding moiety. Tumor growth was monitored up to 120 days. Small-animal single photon emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography imaging was performed with CTT1403 and CTT1751 in PC3-PIP tumor-bearing mice to visualize infiltration of the Lu-177-labeled agent into the tumor. In preparation for a first-in-human study, human absorbed doses were estimated based on rat biodistribution out to 5 weeks to determine a safe CTT1403 therapy dose in humans. RESULTS Two to 3 injections of 14 MBq CTT1403 yielded significant tumor growth inhibition and increased survival compared with all control groups and mice receiving 1 injection of 14 MBq CTT1403. Five of 12 mice receiving 2 or 3 injections of CTT1403 survived to the 120-day post-treatment study endpoint. Dosimetry identified the kidneys as the dose-limiting organ, with an equivalent dose of 5.18 mSv/MBq, resulting in a planned maximum dose of 4.4 GBq for phase 1 clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS The preclinical efficacy and dosimetry of CTT1403 suggest that this agent has significant potential to be safe and effective in humans.
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Zimmermann Y, Mustafy T, Villemure I. Nondestructive Assessment of Growing Rat Tibial Mechanical Properties Under Three-Point Bending: A Microcomputed Tomography Based Finite Element Study. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:121001. [PMID: 32747943 DOI: 10.1115/1.4047991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) based finite element models (FEM) are efficient tools to assess bone mechanical properties. Although they have been developed for different animal models, there is still a lack of data for growing rat long bone models. This study aimed at developing and calibrating voxel-based FEMs using micro-CT scans and experimental data. Twenty-four tibiae were extracted from rats aged 28, 56, and 84 days old (d.o.) (n = 8/group), and their stiffness values were evaluated using three-point bending tests. Prior to testing, tibiae were scanned, reconstructed, and converted into FEM composed of heterogeneous bone properties based on pixel grayscales. Three element material laws (one per group) were calibrated using back-calculation process based on experimental bending data. Two additional specimens per group were used for model verification. The calibrated rigidity-density (E-ρ) relationships were different for each group: E28 = 10,320·ρash3.45; E56 = 43,620·ρash4.41; E84 = 20,090·ρash2.0. Obtained correlations between experimental and FEM stiffness values were 0.43, 0.10, and 0.66 with root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 14.4%, 17.4%, and 15.2% for 28, 56, and 84 d.o. groups, respectively. Prediction errors were less than 13.5% for 28 and 84 d.o. groups but reached 57.1% for the 56 d.o. group. Relationships between bone physical and mechanical properties were found to change during the growth, similarly to bending stiffness values, which increased with bone development. The reduced correlation observed for the 56 d.o. group may be related to the pubescent transition at that age group. These FE models will be useful for investigation of bone behavior in growing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Zimmermann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 6079, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Tanvir Mustafy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 6079, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Isabelle Villemure
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 6079, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
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The bone alterations in hind limb amputation rats in vivo. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2020.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Osuna LGG, Soares CJ, Vilela ABF, Irie MS, Versluis A, Soares PBF. Influence of bone defect position and span in 3-point bending tests: experimental and finite element analysis. Braz Oral Res 2020; 35:e001. [PMID: 33206774 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-point bending test is the most common mechanical test used for quantifying the biomechanical quality of bone tissue and bone healing in small animals. However, there is a lack of standardization for evaluation of bone repair by cortical perforation. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of bone defect position in the proximal metaphysis of rat tibias during load application and different span configuration on the three-point bending test outcomes. Cortical defects with 1.6 mm diameter were created at a standardized location on the medial surface of 60 tibias of male Wistar rats. The animals were euthanized 7 days after surgery. Five specimens were used to create 3D models for finite element analysis using high-resolution micro-CT images. Two spans (6 and 10mm) and three positions of the bone defect in relation to the load application (upward, frontal and downward) were evaluated experimentally (n = 10) and in finite element analysis (n = 5). Maximum load (N) and stiffness (N/mm) were statistically analyzed with 2-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). The results demonstrated that span and orientation of the bone defect significantly influenced the fracture pattern, stress distribution and force versus displacement relation. Therefore, reliable outcome can be achieved creating the bone defect at 8 mm from the extremity of the proximal epiphysis; placing a 10 mm distance span and downward facing defect position to allow a better distribution of stress and more fracture patterns that reached the bone defect target area with less intra-group variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo Gonzalez Osuna
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Andomar Bruno Fernandes Vilela
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Milena Suemi Irie
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Antheunis Versluis
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, Memphis, TN, USA
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Tian Y, Li Z, Chen J, Yuan X, Sadowsky SJ, Coyac BR, Brunski JB, Helms JA. Mechano-adaptive Responses of Alveolar Bone to Implant Hyper-loading in a pre-clinical in vivo model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:1159-1172. [PMID: 32882082 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral implants transmit biting forces to peri-implant bone. In turn, those forces subject peri-implant bone to mechanical stresses and strains. Here, our objective was to understand how peri-implant bone responded to conditions of normal versus hyper-loading in a mouse model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-six mice were randomly assigned to 2 groups; both groups underwent bilateral maxillary first molar extraction followed by complete healing. Titanium alloy implants were placed in healed sites and positioned below the occlusal plane. After osseointegration, a composite crown was affixed to the implant so masticatory loading would ensue. In controls, the remaining dentition was left intact but in the hyper-loaded (test) group, the remaining molars were extracted. 3D finite element analysis (FEA) calculated peri-implant strains resulting from normal and hyper-loading. Peri-implant tissues were analyzed at multiple time points using micro-computed tomography (µCT) imaging, histology, enzymatic assays of bone remodeling, and vital dye labeling to evaluate bone accrual. RESULTS Compared to controls, hyper-loaded implants experienced a 3.6-fold increase in occlusal force, producing higher peri-implant strains. Bone formation and resorption were both significantly elevated around hyper-loaded implants, eventually culminating in a significant increase in peri-implant bone volume/total volume (BV/TV). In our mouse model, masticatory hyper-loading of an osseointegrated implant was associated with increased peri-implant strain, increased peri-implant bone remodeling, and a net gain in bone deposition. CONCLUSION Hyper-loading results in bone strain with catabolic and anabolic bone responses, leading to a net gain in bone deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zhijun Li
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Sadowsky
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin R Coyac
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - John B Brunski
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Coyac BR, Leahy B, Li Z, Salvi G, Yin X, Brunski JB, Helms JA. Bone formation around unstable implants is enhanced by a WNT protein therapeutic in a preclinical in vivo model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:1125-1137. [PMID: 32881143 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to test the hypothesis that local delivery of a WNT protein therapeutic would support osseointegration of an unstable implant placed into an oversized osteotomy and subjected to functional loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a split-mouth design in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, 50 titanium implants were placed in oversized osteotomies. Implants were subjected to functional loading. One-half of the implants were treated with a liposomal formulation of WNT3A protein (L-WNT3A); the other half received an identical liposomal formulation containing phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Finite element modeling estimated peri-implant strains caused by functional loading. Histological, molecular, cellular, and quantitative micro-computed tomographic (µCT) imaging analyses were performed on samples from post-implant days (PID) 3, 7, and 14. Lateral implant stability was quantified at PID 7 and 14. RESULTS Finite element analyses predicted levels of peri-implant strains incompatible with new bone formation. Micro-CT imaging, histological, and quantitative immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses confirmed that PBS-treated implants underwent fibrous encapsulation. In those cases where the peri-implant environment was treated with L-WNT3A, µCT imaging, histological, and quantitative IHC analyses demonstrated a significant increase in expression of proliferative (PCNA) and osteogenic (Runx2, Osterix) markers. One week after L-WNT3A treatment, new bone formation was evident, and two weeks later, L-WNT3A-treated gaps had a stiffer interface compared to PBS-treated gaps. CONCLUSION In a rat model, unstable implants undergo fibrous encapsulation. If the same unstable implants are treated with L-WNT3A at the time of placement, then it results in significantly more peri-implant bone and greater interfacial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Coyac
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Brian Leahy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Salvi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Xing Yin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - John B Brunski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Li Z, Arioka M, Liu Y, Aghvami M, Tulu S, Brunski JB, Helms JA. Effects of condensation and compressive strain on implant primary stability: A longitudinal, in vivo, multiscale study in mice. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:60-70. [PMID: 32435456 PMCID: PMC7229305 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.92.bjr-2019-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Surgeons and most engineers believe that bone compaction improves implant primary stability without causing undue damage to the bone itself. In this study, we developed a murine distal femoral implant model and tested this dogma. Methods Each mouse received two femoral implants, one placed into a site prepared by drilling and the other into the contralateral site prepared by drilling followed by stepwise condensation. Results Condensation significantly increased peri-implant bone density but it also produced higher strains at the interface between the bone and implant, which led to significantly more bone microdamage. Despite increased peri-implant bone density, condensation did not improve implant primary stability as measured by an in vivo lateral stability test. Ultimately, the condensed bone underwent resorption, which delayed the onset of new bone formation around the implant. Conclusion Collectively, these multiscale analyses demonstrate that condensation does not positively contribute to implant stability or to new peri-implant bone formation. Cite this article:Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(2):60–70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Li
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Orthopedic surgeon, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Masaki Arioka
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Assistant professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yindong Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Oral surgeon, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maziar Aghvami
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Serdar Tulu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John B Brunski
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Arias-Moreno AJ, Ito K, van Rietbergen B. Accuracy of beam theory for estimating bone tissue modulus and yield stress from 3-point bending tests on rat femora. J Biomech 2020; 101:109654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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Tang L, Kang Y, Sun S, Zhao T, Cao W, Fan X, Guo J, Sun L, Ta D. Inhibition of MSTN signal pathway may participate in LIPUS preventing bone loss in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:14-26. [PMID: 31414284 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Menopause can lead to osteoporosis, which is characterized by destruction of bone microstructure, poor mechanical properties, and prone to fracture. LIPUS can effectively promote bone formation and fracture healing. MSTN is a transforming growth factor-β family member that acts as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. A MSTN deficiency also has a positive effect on bone formation. However, whether LIPUS could inhibit bone loss and promote healing of bone injury of menopause through the inhibition of the MSTN signaling pathway has not been previously investigated. We herein investigated the effects of LIPUS on bone architecture, mechanical properties, the healing of bone defects, and its potential molecular mechanisms in ovariectomized rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham ovariectomized group (Sham), ovariectomized model group (OVX), ovariectomized model with LIPUS therapy group (OVX + LIPUS). The OVX + LIPUS rats were treated with LIPUS (1.5 MHz, 30 mW/cm2) on the femur for 20 min/day that lasted for 19 days. RESULTS LIPUS effectively improved the bone microstructure, increased mechanical properties and promoted the healing of bone defects in ovariectomized rats. Moreover, LIPUS effectively decreased the MSTN content in serum and quadriceps muscle in ovariectomized rats, and inhibited the expression of MSTN downstream signaling molecules and activated the Wnt signaling pathway in the femur. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that LIPUS improved osteoporosis and promoted bone defect healing in the ovariectomized rats may through the inhibition of the MSTN signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yiting Kang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenxin Cao
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiushan Fan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jianzhong Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Dean Ta
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Coyac BR, Leahy B, Salvi G, Hoffmann W, Brunski JB, Helms JA. A preclinical model links osseo‐densification due to misfit and osseo‐destruction due to stress/strain. Clin Oral Implants Res 2019; 30:1238-1249. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Coyac
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto CA USA
| | - Brian Leahy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto CA USA
| | - Giuseppe Salvi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto CA USA
| | | | - John B. Brunski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto CA USA
| | - Jill A. Helms
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto CA USA
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Song H, Polk JD, Kersh ME. Rat bone properties and their relationship to gait during growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.203554. [PMID: 31492819 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Allometric relationships have been studied over different Orders of mammals to understand how bone accommodates the mechanical demands associated with increasing mass. However, less attention has been given to the scaling of bone within a single lifetime. We aimed to determine how bone morphology and tissue density are related to (1) bending and compressive strength, and (2) gait dynamics. Longitudinal in vivo computed tomography of the hindlimbs and gait data were collected from female rats (n=5, age 8-20 weeks). Cross-sectional properties and tissue density were measured at the diaphysis, distal and proximal regions of the tibia and scaling exponents were calculated. Finite element models of the tibia were used to simulate loading during walking using joint forces from inverse dynamics calculation to determine the strain energy density and longitudinal strain at the midshaft. Second moment of area at the diaphysis followed strain similarity-based allometry, while bone area trended towards positive allometry. Strain energy in the diaphysis under transverse loading was lower than axial loading throughout growth. While both axial and transverse loading resulted in bending, tensile strains were mitigated by a change in the neutral axis and resulted in overall lower longitudinal tensile strains. The tissue density and cross-sectional properties initially increased and converged by 11 weeks of age and were correlated with changes in ground reaction forces. The scaling analyses imply that rodent tibia is (re)modeled in order to sustain bending at the midshaft during growth. The finite element results and relatively constant density after 10 weeks of age indicate that structural parameters may be the primary determinant of bone strength in the growing rodent tibia. The correlations between bone properties and joint angles imply that the changes in posture may affect bone growth in specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunggwi Song
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John D Polk
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mariana E Kersh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA .,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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de Barros E Lima Bueno R, Dias AP, Ponce KJ, Brunski JB, Nanci A. System for application of controlled forces on dental implants in rat maxillae: Influence of the number of load cycles on bone healing. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:965-975. [PMID: 31368244 PMCID: PMC7078813 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies on the effect of micromotion on bone healing around implants are frequently conducted in long bones. In order to more closely reflect the anatomical and clinical environments around dental implants, and eventually be able to experimentally address load‐management issues, we have developed a system that allows initial stabilization, protection from external forces, and controlled axial loading of implants. Screw‐shaped implants were placed on the edentulous ridge in rat maxillae. Three loading regimens were applied to validate the system; case A no loading (unloaded implant) for 14 days, case B no loading in the first 7 days followed by 7 days of a single, daily loading session (60 cycles of an axial force of 1.5 N/cycle), and case C no loading in the first 7 days followed by 7 days of two such daily loading sessions. Finite element modeling of the peri‐implant compressive and tensile strains plus histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that in case B any tissue damage resulting from the applied force (and related interfacial strains) did not per se disturb bone healing, however, in case C, the accumulation of damage resulting from the doubling of loading sessions severely disrupted the process. These proof‐of‐principle results validate the applicability of our system for controlled loading, and provide new evidence on the importance of the number of load cycles applied on healing of maxillary bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan de Barros E Lima Bueno
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana P Dias
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katia J Ponce
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John B Brunski
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Burke M, Akens M, Kiss A, Willett T, Whyne C. Mechanical behavior of metastatic vertebrae are influenced by tissue architecture, mineral content, and organic feature alterations. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:3013-3022. [PMID: 29978906 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diminished vertebral mechanical behavior with metastatic involvement is typically attributed to modified architecture and trabecular bone content. Previous work has identified organic and mineral phase bone quality changes in the presence of metastases, yet limited work exists on the potential influence of such tissue level modifications on vertebral mechanical characteristics. This work seeks to determine correlations between features of bone (structural and tissue level) and mechanical behavior in metastatically involved vertebral bone. It is hypothesized that tissue level properties (mineral and organic) will improve these correlations beyond architectural properties and BMD alone. Twenty-four female athymic rats were inoculated with HeLa or Ace-1 cancer cells lines producing osteolytic (N = 8) or mixed (osteolytic/osteoblastic, N = 7) metastases, respectively. Twenty-one days post-inoculation L1-L3 pathologic vertebral motion segments were excised and μCT imaged. 3D morphometric parameters and axial rigidity of the L2 vertebrae were quantified. Sequential loading and μCT imaging measured progression of failure, stiffness and peak force. Relationships between mechanical testing (whole bone and tissue-level) and tissue-level material property modifications with metastatic involvement were evaluated utilizing linear regression models. Osteolytic involvement reduced vertebral trabecular bone volume, structure, CT-derived axial rigidity, stiffness and failure force compared to healthy controls (N = 9). Mixed metastases demonstrated similar trends. Previously assessed collagen cross-linking and proline-based residues were correlated to mechanical behavior and improved the predictive ability of the regression models. Similarly, collagen organization improved predictive regression models for metastatic bone hardness. This work highlights the importance of both bone content/architecture and organic tissue-level features in characterizing metastatic vertebral mechanics. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3013-3022, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Burke
- Orthopaedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Room S620, Toronto, Ontario,. M4N 3M5.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Margarete Akens
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Techna, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Alex Kiss
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Science Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Thomas Willett
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
| | - Cari Whyne
- Orthopaedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Room S620, Toronto, Ontario,. M4N 3M5.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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Mustafy T, Londono I, Villemure I. Can the contralateral limb be used as a control during the growing period in a rodent model? Med Eng Phys 2018; 58:S1350-4533(18)30073-0. [PMID: 29764734 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The contralateral limb is often used as a control in various clinical, forensic and anthropological studies. However, no studies have been performed to determine if the contra-lateral limb is a suitable control during the bone development period. The aim of this study was to determine the bilateral symmetry of growing rat tibiae in terms of geometric shape, mechanical strength and bone morphological parameters with developmental stages. Left and right tibias of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of age were scanned with micro-CT for bone-morphometric evaluation and for 3D deviation analysis to quantify the geometric shape variations between left and right tibiae. Overall tibial lengths and curvatures were also measured, and bone mechanical strength was investigated using three-point bending tests. Deviation distributions between bilateral tibiae remained below 0.5 mm for more than 80% of the geometry for all groups. Tibial lengths, longitudinal tibial curvatures, bone-morphometric parameters and mechanical strengths changed significantly during the growing period but kept a strong degree of symmetry between bilateral tibiae. These results suggest that bilateral tibiae can be considered symmetrical in nature and that contralateral limb can be used as a control during the growing period in different experimental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Mustafy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Rd., Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Irène Londono
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Rd., Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Isabelle Villemure
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Rd., Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada.
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25
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Huang L, Xu J, Guo H, Wang Y, Zhao J, Sun J. Quantitative study of the influence of swimming therapy on osteoporosis rat models based on synchrotron radiation computed tomogaphy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:793-800. [PMID: 29714190 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751800276x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disease with a variety of causes, leading to bone pain and fragility to fracture. Major treatment methods include nutrition therapy, exercise therapy, drug therapy and surgical treatment, among which exercise therapy, such as swimming, is the most effective. To investigate the optimal swimming therapy regime for postmenopausal women, the effects of eight weeks of different intensity swimming exercises were studied in rat models. After the swimming program, lumbar vertebrae were dissected from all the rats and scanned by synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT). Histomorphometry analysis and finite-element analysis were carried out on the trabecular structure of the L4 lumbar based on the acquired SRCT slices. Histomorphometry analysis showed that swimming can alleviate the decrease in bone strength induced by estrogen deficiency, and moderate-intensity swimming was found to have the most significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai No. 6 People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Guo
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Cas, 239 Zhangzheng Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqi Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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26
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Klintström E, Klintström B, Pahr D, Brismar TB, Smedby Ö, Moreno R. Direct estimation of human trabecular bone stiffness using cone beam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:72-82. [PMID: 29735401 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of estimating the biomechanical properties of trabecular bone through finite element simulations by using dental cone beam computed tomography data. STUDY DESIGN Fourteen human radius specimens were scanned in 3 cone beam computed tomography devices: 3-D Accuitomo 80 (J. Morita MFG., Kyoto, Japan), NewTom 5 G (QR Verona, Verona, Italy), and Verity (Planmed, Helsinki, Finland). The imaging data were segmented by using 2 different methods. Stiffness (Young modulus), shear moduli, and the size and shape of the stiffness tensor were studied. Corresponding evaluations by using micro-CT were regarded as the reference standard. RESULTS The 3-D Accuitomo 80 (J. Morita MFG., Kyoto, Japan) showed good performance in estimating stiffness and shear moduli but was sensitive to the choice of segmentation method. NewTom 5 G (QR Verona, Verona, Italy) and Verity (Planmed, Helsinki, Finland) yielded good correlations, but they were not as strong as Accuitomo 80 (J. Morita MFG., Kyoto, Japan). The cone beam computed tomography devices overestimated both stiffness and shear compared with the micro-CT estimations. CONCLUSIONS Finite element-based calculations of biomechanics from cone beam computed tomography data are feasible, with strong correlations for the Accuitomo 80 scanner (J. Morita MFG., Kyoto, Japan) combined with an appropriate segmentation method. Such measurements might be useful for predicting implant survival by in vivo estimations of bone properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klintström
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Benjamin Klintström
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hälsovägen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dieter Pahr
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Technical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Torkel B Brismar
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institute and Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Smedby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Moreno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hunckler MD, Chu ED, Baumann AP, Curtis TE, Ravosa MJ, Allen MR, Roeder RK. The fracture toughness of small animal cortical bone measured using arc-shaped tension specimens: Effects of bisphosphonate and deproteinization treatments. Bone 2017; 105:67-74. [PMID: 28826844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Small animal models, and especially transgenic models, have become widespread in the study of bone mechanobiology and metabolic bone disease, but test methods for measuring fracture toughness on multiple replicates or at multiple locations within a single small animal bone are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a method to measure cortical bone fracture toughness in multiple specimens and locations along the diaphysis of small animal bones. Arc-shaped tension specimens were prepared from the mid-diaphysis of rabbit ulnae and loaded to failure to measure the radial fracture toughness in multiple replicates per bone. The test specimen dimensions, crack length, and maximum load met requirements for measuring the plane strain fracture toughness. Experimental groups included a control group, bisphosphonate treatment group, and an ex vivo deproteinization treatment following bisphosphonate treatment (5 rabbits/group and 15 specimens/group). The fracture toughness of ulnar cortical bone from rabbits treated with zoledronic acid for six months exhibited no difference compared with the control group. Partially deproteinized specimens exhibited significantly lower fracture toughness compared with both the control and bisphosphonate treatment groups. The deproteinization treatment increased tissue mineral density (TMD) and resulted in a negative linear correlation between the measured fracture toughness and TMD. Fracture toughness measurements were repeatable with a coefficient of variation of 12-16% within experimental groups. Retrospective power analysis of the control and deproteinization treatment groups indicated a minimum detectable difference of 0.1MPa·m1/2. Therefore, the overall results of this study suggest that arc-shaped tension specimens offer an advantageous new method for measuring the fracture toughness in small animal bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hunckler
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ethan D Chu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Andrew P Baumann
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Tyler E Curtis
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Matthew J Ravosa
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ryan K Roeder
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Bounabi M, Benabid Y, Messellek A, Azzouz A, Abid S. Design process of custom-fitted interbody cage for lumbar spinal fusion. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2017; 20:27-28. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1382844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bounabi
- LCSM, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17 BEB, Alger, Algérie
| | - Y. Benabid
- LCSM, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17 BEB, Alger, Algérie
| | - A.C. Messellek
- LCSM, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17 BEB, Alger, Algérie
| | - A. Azzouz
- LCSM, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17 BEB, Alger, Algérie
| | - S. Abid
- LCSM, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17 BEB, Alger, Algérie
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29
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Ramezanzadehkoldeh M, Skallerud BH. MicroCT-based finite element models as a tool for virtual testing of cortical bone. Med Eng Phys 2017; 46:12-20. [PMID: 28528791 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess a virtual biomechanics testing approach purely based on microcomputed tomography (microCT or µCT) data, providing non-invasive methods for determining the stiffness and strength of cortical bone. Mouse femurs were µCT scanned prior to three-point-bend tests. Then microCT-based finite element models were generated with spatial variation in bone elastoplastic properties and subject-specific femur geometries. Empirical relationships of density versus Young's moduli and yield stress were used in assigning elastoplastic properties to each voxel. The microCT-based finite element modeling (µFEM) results were employed to investigate the model's accuracy through comparison with experimental tests. The correspondence of elastic stiffness and strength from the µFE analyses and tests was good. The interpretation of the derived data showed a 6.1%, 1.4%, 1.5%, and 1.6% difference between the experimental test result and µFEM output on global stiffness, nominal Young's modulus, nominal yield stress, and yield force, respectively. We conclude that virtual testing outputs could be used to predict global elastic-plastic properties and may reduce the cost, time, and number of test specimens in performing physical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Ramezanzadehkoldeh
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bjørn H Skallerud
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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30
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Vidotto VT, Batista NA, Mariolani JRL, Belangero WD. QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL BONE REGENERATION USING INDENTATION TESTS. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2017. [PMID: 28642654 PMCID: PMC5474416 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220172502164015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To determine whether the macroindentation test can be applied to quantitatively assess bone regeneration. Methods: A 3.2 mm diameter transverse monocortical defect was created on the medial aspect of both proximal metaphyses of the tibia of male Unib-WH rats. For the macroindentation tests, we used 5.00 mm diameter indenters with a 3.2 mm tip. Defect testing was performed 1 to 12 weeks following the surgical procedures to compare the hardness of the newly developed tissue over the 12-week study period. Additional histological, morphological and physical/chemical data were obtained by optical and electronic microscopy, Raman, and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS). Results: The mean indentation forces increased in a time-dependent manner from 4 to 12 weeks (p<0.001). Tests performed with the 5.0 mm diameter tip were not able to measure the indentation forces in the first week after the procedure. Moreover, in the second postoperative week indentation forces and the newly formed tissue within the spinal canal were greater than those measured in the fourth and eighth weeks. Conclusions: The macroindentation test can be used to quantitatively assess bone regeneration in experimental studies. The choice of indenter tip diameter should consider the study design. Level of Evidence II, Diagnostic Studies.
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31
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Bone Mineral Density, Mechanical, Microstructural Properties and Mineral Content of the Femur in Growing Rats Fed with Cactus Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae) Cladodes as Calcium Source in Diet. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020108. [PMID: 28165410 PMCID: PMC5331539 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical, microstructural properties, mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur were evaluated in growing rats fed with Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae) cladodes at different maturity stages as calcium source. Male weanling rats were fed with cladodes at early maturity stage (25 and 60 days of age, belonging to groups N-60 and N-200, respectively) and cladodes at late maturity stage (100 and 135 days of age, belonging to groups N-400 and N-600, respectively) for 6 weeks. Additionally, a control group fed with calcium carbonate as calcium source was included for comparative purposes. All diets were fitted to the same calcium content (5 g/kg diet). The failure load of femurs was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in groups N-60 and N-200 in comparison to N-400, N-600 and control groups. The cortical width (Ct.Wi) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of the femurs in control and N-600 groups were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than Ct.Wi and Tb.Th of femurs in groups N-60 and N-200. Trabecular separation of the femurs in N-60 and N-200 groups showed the highest values compared with all experimental groups. The highest calcium content in the femurs were observed in control, N-600 and N-400 groups; whereas the lowest phosphorus content in the bones were detected in N-200, N-600 and N-400 groups. Finally, the BMD in all experimental groups increased with age; nevertheless, the highest values were observed in N-600 and control groups during pubertal and adolescence stages. The results derived from this research demonstrate, for the first time, that the calcium found in Opuntia ficus indica cladodes is actually bioavailable and capable of improving mineral density and mechanical and microstructural properties of the bones. These findings suggest that the consumption of cladodes at late maturity stage within the diet might have a beneficial impact on bone health.
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32
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Piccinini M, Cugnoni J, Botsis J, Ammann P, Wiskott A. Numerical prediction of peri-implant bone adaptation: Comparison of mechanical stimuli and sensitivity to modeling parameters. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:1348-1359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Oftadeh R, Entezari V, Spörri G, Villa-Camacho JC, Krigbaum H, Strawich E, Graham L, Rey C, Chiu H, Müller R, Hashemi HN, Vaziri A, Nazarian A. Hierarchical analysis and multi-scale modelling of rat cortical and trabecular bone. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:rsif.2015.0070. [PMID: 25808343 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the hierarchical arrangement of structural properties in cortical and trabecular bone and to determine a mathematical model that accurately predicts the tissue's mechanical properties as a function of these indices. By using a variety of analytical techniques, we were able to characterize the structural and compositional properties of cortical and trabecular bones, as well as to determine the suitable mathematical model to predict the tissue's mechanical properties using a continuum micromechanics approach. Our hierarchical analysis demonstrated that the differences between cortical and trabecular bone reside mainly at the micro- and ultrastructural levels. By gaining a better appreciation of the similarities and differences between the two bone types, we would be able to provide a better assessment and understanding of their individual roles, as well as their contribution to bone health overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Oftadeh
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vahid Entezari
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guy Spörri
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan C Villa-Camacho
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Krigbaum
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elsa Strawich
- Laboratory for the Study of Skeletal Disorders and Rehabilitation, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lila Graham
- Laboratory for the Study of Skeletal Disorders and Rehabilitation, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Rey
- Centre Inter Universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Hank Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hamid Nayeb Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashkan Vaziri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Piccinini M, Cugnoni J, Botsis J, Ammann P, Wiskott A. Peri-implant bone adaptations to overloading in rat tibiae: experimental investigations and numerical predictions. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 27:1444-1453. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piccinini
- Laboratory of applied mechanics and reliability analysis; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Joel Cugnoni
- Laboratory of applied mechanics and reliability analysis; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - John Botsis
- Laboratory of applied mechanics and reliability analysis; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Patrick Ammann
- Division of bone diseases; Department of internal medicine specialities; Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Anselm Wiskott
- Division of fixed prosthodontics and biomaterials; University Clinics of Dental Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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35
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Endo K, Yamada S, Todoh M, Takahata M, Iwasaki N, Tadano S. Structural strength of cancellous specimens from bovine femur under cyclic compression. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1562. [PMID: 26855856 PMCID: PMC4741075 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of osteoporotic fractures was estimated as nine million worldwide in 2000, with particular occurrence at the proximity of joints rich in cancellous bone. Although most of these fractures spontaneously heal, some fractures progressively collapse during the early post-fracture period. Prediction of bone fragility during progressive collapse following initial fracture is clinically important. However, the mechanism of collapse, especially the gradual loss of the height in the cancellous bone region, is not clearly proved. The strength of cancellous bone after yield stress is difficult to predict since structural and mechanical strength cannot be determined a priori. The purpose of this study was to identify whether the baseline structure and volume of cancellous bone contributed to the change in cancellous bone strength under cyclic loading. A total of fifteen cubic cancellous bone specimens were obtained from two 2-year-old bovines and divided into three groups by collection regions: femoral head, neck, and proximal metaphysis. Structural indices of each 5-mm cubic specimen were determined using micro-computed tomography. Specimens were then subjected to five cycles of uniaxial compressive loading at 0.05 mm/min with initial 20 N loading, 0.3 mm displacement, and then unloading to 0.2 mm with 0.1 mm displacement for five successive cycles. Elastic modulus and yield stress of cancellous bone decreased exponentially during five loading cycles. The decrease ratio of yield stress from baseline to fifth cycle was strongly correlated with bone volume fraction (BV/TV, r = 0.96, p < 0.01) and structural model index (SMI, r = − 0.81, p < 0.01). The decrease ratio of elastic modulus from baseline to fifth cycle was also correlated with BV/TV (r = 0.80, p < 0.01) and SMI (r = − 0.78, p < 0.01). These data indicate that structural deterioration of cancellous bone is associated with bone strength after yield stress. This study suggests that baseline cancellous bone structure estimated from adjacent non-fractured bone contributes to the cancellous bone strength during collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Masahiro Todoh
- Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Masahiko Takahata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Shigeru Tadano
- Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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Zhang R, Gong H, Zhu D, Ma R, Fang J, Fan Y. Multi-level femoral morphology and mechanical properties of rats of different ages. Bone 2015; 76:76-87. [PMID: 25857690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A macro-micro-nano-multi-level study was conducted to explore age-related structural and mechanical properties of bone, as well as the effects of aging on bone properties. A total of 70 male Wistar rats were used, ranging in the ages of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, and 17 months (n = 7/age group). After micro-computed tomography (CT) scanning, longitudinal cortical bone specimens with a length of 5mm were cut along the femoral shaft axis from left femur shafts for mechanical testing, and the cross-sectional areas were measured. The macro-mechanical properties obtained in mechanical testing and microarchitecture parameters measured by micro-CT were significantly correlated with the animal age (r(2) = 0.96, p < 0.001). Scanning electron microscopy was used for detecting the microarchitecture features of the fractured surfaces, which exhibited age-related plate-fibrous-mixed fibrous-plate texture, resulting in changes in macro-mechanical properties (r(2) > 0.90, p < 0.001). The mineral phase of the left femoral shaft and head was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Longitudinal and transverse trabecular bone tissues, as well as longitudinal cortical bone tissue, were used for nanoindentation test, and the chemical composition was evaluated by quantitative chemical analyses. The correlations between mineral content and bone material properties (i.e., elastic properties of the bone tissue and size and roughness of bone mineral grains) were highly significant (r > 0.95, p < 0.001). Multi-level femur morphology, mechanical property, and mineral content were significantly correlated with the animal age. The correlations between bone mineral content and bone material morphological and mechanical properties may partly explain the increase in bone fragility with aging, which will provide a theoretical basis for the investigation of age-related bone properties in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Engineering Mechanics, Nanling Campus, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - He Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, No. 1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Renshi Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, No. 1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Nanling Campus, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yobo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Al Kayal T, Panetta D, Canciani B, Losi P, Tripodi M, Burchielli S, Ottoni P, Salvadori PA, Soldani G. Evaluation of the effect of a gamma irradiated DBM-pluronic F127 composite on bone regeneration in Wistar rat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125110. [PMID: 25897753 PMCID: PMC4405568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is widely used for bone regeneration. Since DBM is prepared in powder form its handling properties are not optimal and limit the clinical use of this material. Various synthetic and biological carriers have been used to enhance the DBM handling. In this study we evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation on the physical-chemical properties of Pluronic and on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) amount in DBM samples. In vivo studies were carried out to investigate the effect on bone regeneration of a gamma irradiated DBM-Pluronic F127 (DBM-PF127) composite implanted in the femur of rats. Gamma irradiation effects (25 kGy) on physical-chemical properties of Pluronic F127 were investigated by rheological and infrared analysis. The BMP-2/BMP-7 amount after DBM irradiation was evaluated by ELISA. Bone regeneration capacity of DBM-PF127 containing 40% (w/w) of DBM was investigated in transcortical holes created in the femoral diaphysis of Wistar rat. Bone porosity, repaired bone volume and tissue organization were evaluated at 15, 30 and 90 days by Micro-CT and histological analysis. The results showed that gamma irradiation did not induce significant modification on physical-chemical properties of Pluronic, while a decrease in BMP-2/BMP-7 amount was evidenced in sterilized DBM. Micro-CT and histological evaluation at day 15 post-implantation revealed an interconnected trabeculae network in medullar cavity and cellular infiltration and vascularization of DBM-PF127 residue. In contrast a large rate of not connected trabeculae was observed in Pluronic filled and unfilled defects. At 30 and 90 days the DBM-PF127 samples shown comparable results in term of density and thickness of the new formed tissue respect to unfilled defect. In conclusion a gamma irradiated DBM-PF127 composite, although it may have undergone a significant decrease in the concentration of BMPs, was able to maintains bone regeneration capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology- CNR, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Barbara Canciani
- University & IRCCS AOU San Martino—IST, National Institute for Cancer Research, DIMES, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology- CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Structural orientation dependent sub-lamellar bone mechanics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 52:63-71. [PMID: 25816782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The lamellar unit is a critical component in defining the overall mechanical properties of bone. In this paper, micro-beams of bone with dimensions comparable to the lamellar unit were fabricated using focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy and mechanically tested in bending to failure using atomic force microscopy (AFM). A variation in the mechanical properties, including elastic modulus, strength and work to fracture of the micro-beams was observed and related to the collagen fibril orientation inferred from back-scattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Established mechanical models were further applied to describe the relationship between collagen fibril orientation and mechanical behaviour of the lamellar unit. Our results highlight the ability to measure mechanical properties of discrete bone volumes directly and correlate with structural orientation of collagen fibrils.
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Pennington EC, Dionigi B, Gray FL, Ahmed A, Brazzo J, Dolinko A, Calderon N, Darrah T, Zurakowski D, Nazarian A, Snyder B, Fauza DO. Limb reconstruction with decellularized, non-demineralized bone in a young leporine model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:015021. [PMID: 25668190 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/1/015021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Limb salvage from a variety of pathological processes in children is often limited by the unavailability of optimal allograft bone, or an appropriate structural bone substitute. In this study, we sought to examine a practical alternative for pediatric limb repair, based on decellularized, non-demineralized bone grafts, and to determine whether controlled recellularization prior to implantation has any impact on outcome. Growing New Zealand rabbits (n = 12) with a complete, critical-size defect on the left tibiofibula were equally divided into two groups. One group received a decellularized, non-demineralized leporine tibiofibula graft. The other group received an equivalent graft seeded with mesenchymal stem cells labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP), at a fixed density. Animals were euthanized at comparable time points 3-8 weeks post-implantation. Statistical analysis was by the Student t-test and Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of non-union between the two groups, including on 3D micro-CT. Incorporated grafts achieved adequate axial bending rigidity, torsional rigidity, union yield and flexural strength, with no significant differences or unequal variances between the groups. Correspondingly, there were no significant differences in extracellular calcium levels, or alkaline phosphatase activity. Histology confirmed the presence of neobone in both groups, with GFP-positive cells in the recellularized grafts. It was shown that osseous grafts derived from decellularized, non-demineralized bone undergo adequate remodeling in vivo after the repair of critical-size limb defects in a growing leporine model, irrespective of subsequent recellularization. This methodology may become a practical alternative for pediatric limb reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot C Pennington
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Oftadeh R, Perez-Viloria M, Villa-Camacho JC, Vaziri A, Nazarian A. Biomechanics and mechanobiology of trabecular bone: a review. J Biomech Eng 2015; 137:1944602. [PMID: 25412137 PMCID: PMC5101038 DOI: 10.1115/1.4029176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trabecular bone is a highly porous, heterogeneous, and anisotropic material which can be found at the epiphyses of long bones and in the vertebral bodies. Studying the mechanical properties of trabecular bone is important, since trabecular bone is the main load bearing bone in vertebral bodies and also transfers the load from joints to the compact bone of the cortex of long bones. This review article highlights the high dependency of the mechanical properties of trabecular bone on species, age, anatomic site, loading direction, and size of the sample under consideration. In recent years, high resolution micro finite element methods have been extensively used to specifically address the mechanical properties of the trabecular bone and provide unique tools to interpret and model the mechanical testing experiments. The aims of the current work are to first review the mechanobiology of trabecular bone and then present classical and new approaches for modeling and analyzing the trabecular bone microstructure and macrostructure and corresponding mechanical properties such as elastic properties and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Oftadeh
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Northeastern University,
Boston, MA 02115
| | - Miguel Perez-Viloria
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02215
| | - Juan C. Villa-Camacho
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ashkan Vaziri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Northeastern University,
Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02215
e-mail:
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Piccinini M, Cugnoni J, Botsis J, Ammann P, Wiskott A. Influence of gait loads on implant integration in rat tibiae: Experimental and numerical analysis. J Biomech 2014; 47:3255-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fallon EM, Nazarian A, Nehra D, Pan AH, O'Loughlin AA, Nose V, Puder M. The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on bone microstructure in young mice and bone fracture in neonates. J Surg Res 2014; 191:148-55. [PMID: 24793452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As low bone mineral density is a risk factor for fracture in childhood, optimizing age appropriate bone mass is recommended and might lower the impact of bone loss related to age. Consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids have been shown to beneficially modulate bone metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of fracture in neonates receiving a fish compared with soybean oil-based intravenous lipid emulsion and evaluate the effect of varying dietary omega-3 PUFA consumption on growing bone in young mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligibility criteria for the clinical study included gestational age ≤37 wk and parenteral nutrition-dependence for ≥4 wk. Radiographs were reviewed after lipid initiation to identify radiologic bone fracture. The animal study evaluated female C57/Bl6 mice randomized into one of five groups from age 3-12 wk, at which time femurs were harvested for micro-computed tomography and light microscopy analysis. RESULTS A lower incidence of bone fracture was found in neonates maintained on fish compared with soybean oil. In the animal study, findings suggest the DHA diet provides the best protection against trabecular bone loss as evidenced by increased bone volume fraction, increased trabecular number, and decreased trabecular separation on micro-computed tomography. These protective effects appeared to affect the bone microstructure alone. CONCLUSIONS The lower fracture risk observed in fish oil fed neonates in combination with the protective effects of DHA observed in the femurs of young C57/BL6 mice suggest an important role for omega-3 PUFAs on bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Fallon
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deepika Nehra
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy H Pan
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alison A O'Loughlin
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vania Nose
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Puder
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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External mechanical microstimuli modulate the osseointegration of titanium implants in rat tibiae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:234093. [PMID: 24369009 PMCID: PMC3866820 DOI: 10.1155/2013/234093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To assess the effect of external mechanical microstimuli of controlled magnitude on the microarchitecture of the peri-implant bone beds in rat tibiae. Materials and Methods. Tibiae of forty rats were fitted with two transcutaneous titanium cylinders. After healing, the implants were loaded to 1 to 3 N, five days/week for four weeks. These force levels translated into intraosseous strains of 700 ± 200 με, 1400 ± 400 με, and 2100 ± 600 με. After sacrifice, the implants' pullout strength was assessed. Second, the bone's microarchitecture was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (μCT) in three discrete regions of interest (ROIs). Third, the effect of loading on bone material properties was determined by nanoindentation. Results. The trabecular BV/TV significantly increased in an ROI of 0.98 mm away from the test implant in the 1 N versus the 3 N group with an opposite trend for cortical thickness. Pull-out strength significantly increased in the 2 N relatively to the nonstimulated group. Higher values of E-modulus and hardness were observed in the trabecular bone of the 2 N group. Conclusion. The in vivo mechanical loading of implants induces load-dependent modifications in bone microarchitecture and bone material properties in rat tibiae. In pull-out strength measurements, implant osseointegration was maximized at 2 N (1400 ± 400 με).
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Vale A, Pereira M, Maurício A, Amaral P, Rosa L, Lopes A, Rodrigues A, Caetano-Lopes J, Vidal B, Monteiro J, Fonseca J, Canhão H, Vaz M. Micro-computed tomography and compressive characterization of trabecular bone. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vale AC, Aleixo IP, Lúcio M, Saraiva A, Caetano-Lopes J, Rodrigues A, Amaral PM, Rosa LG, Monteiro J, Fonseca JE, Vaz MF, Canhão H. At the moment of occurrence of a fragility hip fracture, men have higher mechanical properties values in comparison with women. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:295. [PMID: 24131745 PMCID: PMC4015558 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is well established that males have lower fracture risk in comparison with females, which suggests a higher bone resistance in men. The aim of our study was to find out if in older patients with hip fragility fractures, gender has also an impact on trabecular bone material behaviour, specifically to determine whether trabecular mechanical properties under compressive loading differ between men and women who suffered a fragility hip fracture. Methods Femoral epiphyses were consecutively collected during hip replacement surgery due to proximal femur fragility fracture. Trabecular bone cylinders were drilled and submitted to uniaxial compression tests and mechanical properties were assessed. Results Seventy-three patients, 55 women (mean age 81 years and standard deviation of 7 years) and 18 men (mean age 81 years and standard deviation of 8 years) were evaluated. The ultimate stress of trabecular bone was significantly higher in men than in women: the median values and the interquartile range (IQR) were respectively 8.04(5.35-10.90) MPa vs. 4.46(3.02-7.73) MPa, (p-value = 0.005). The same difference between male and female was observed in the Young’s modulus: 293.68(166.67-538.18) MPa vs. 174.26(73.07-322.28) MPa, (p-value = 0.028), and also in the energy to failure: 0.25(0.07-0.42) MJ/m3 vs. 0.11(0.05-0.25) MJ/m3, (p-value = 0.058). These differences were also verified after adjusting the analysis for age in a multivariate model analysis. Conclusions Our observations demonstrated that, even in a population who suffered a fragility hip fracture, men still have higher trabecular bone mechanical properties in comparison with women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - João E Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Rennick JA, Nazarian A, Entezari V, Kimbaris J, Tseng A, Masoudi A, Nayeb-Hashemi H, Vaziri A, Snyder BD. Finite element analysis and computed tomography based structural rigidity analysis of rat tibia with simulated lytic defects. J Biomech 2013; 46:2701-9. [PMID: 23972429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Finite element analysis (FEA), CT based structural rigidity analysis (CTRA) and mechanical testing is performed to assess the compressive failure load of rat tibia with simulated lytic defects. Twenty rat tibia were randomly assigned to four equal groups (n=5). Three of the groups included a simulated defect at various locations: anterior bone surface (Group 1), posterior bone surface (Group 2) and through bone defect (Group 3). The fourth group was a control group with no defect (Group 4). Microcomputed tomography was used to assess bone structural rigidity properties and to provide 3D model data for generation of the finite element models for each specimen. Compressive failure load calculated using CT derived rigidity parameters (FCTRA) was well correlated to failure load recorded in mechanical testing (R(2)=0.96). The relationships between mechanical testing failure load and the axial rigidity (R(2)=0.61), bending rigidity (R(2)=0.71) and FEA calculated failure loads, considering bone as an elastic isotropic (R(2)=0.75) and elastic transversely isotropic (R(2)=0.90) are also well correlated. CTRA stress, calculated adjacent to the defect, were also shown to be well correlated with yield stresses calculated using the minimum density at the weakest cross section (R(2)=0.72). No statistically significant relationship between apparent density and mechanical testing failure load was found (P=0.37). In summary, the results of this study indicate that CTRA analysis of bone strength correlates well with both FEA and results obtained from compression experiments. In addition there exist a good correlation between structural rigidity parameters and experimental failure loads. In contrast, there was no correlation between average bone density and failure load.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Rennick
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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den Dunnen S, Mulder L, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Dankelman J, Tuijthof GJM. Waterjet drilling in porcine bone: the effect of the nozzle diameter and bone architecture on the hole dimensions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 27:84-93. [PMID: 23910955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Using waterjets instead of rigid drill bits for bone drilling can be beneficial due to the absence of thermal damage and a consequent sharp cut. Additionally, waterjet technology allows the development of flexible instruments that facilitate maneuvering through complex joint spaces. Controlling the drilling depth is of utmost importance to ensure clinical safety, but is challenging given the local variations in structural properties of the bone. The goal of this study was to deduce a descriptive mathematical equation able to predict the hole depth and diameter based on the local structural properties of the bone at given waterjet diameters. 210 holes were drilled in porcine femora and tali with waterjet diameters (Dnozzle) of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6mm at a pressure of 700bar and a 5s jet time. Hole depths (Lhole), diameters (Dhole) and bone architectural properties were determined using microCT scans. The most important bone architectural property is the bone volume fraction (BV/TV), resulting in the significant predictive equations: Lhole=34.3 (⁎) Dnozzle(2)-17.6 (⁎) BV/TV+10.7 (R(2)=0.90, p<0.001), and hole Dhole=3.1(⁎) Dnozzle-0.45(⁎)BV/TV+0.54 (R(2)=0.58, p=0.02), with Lhole, Dhole and Dnozzle in mm. Drilling to a specific depth in bone tissue with a known BV/TV is possible, thereby contributing to the safe application of waterjet technology in orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven den Dunnen
- Delft University of Technology, Dept. of Biomechanical Engineering, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Kim YJ, Henkin J. Micro-Computed Tomography Assessment of Human Alveolar Bone: Bone Density and Three-Dimensional Micro-Architecture. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2013; 17:307-13. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Kim
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda CA USA
| | - Jeffrey Henkin
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda CA USA
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Piccinini M, Cugnoni J, Botsis J, Zacchetti G, Ammann P, Wiskott A. Factors affecting subject-specific finite element models of implant-fitted rat bone specimens: critical analysis of a technical protocol. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 17:1403-17. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2012.736502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Van der Stok J, Van der Jagt OP, Amin Yavari S, De Haas MFP, Waarsing JH, Jahr H, Van Lieshout EMM, Patka P, Verhaar JAN, Zadpoor AA, Weinans H. Selective laser melting-produced porous titanium scaffolds regenerate bone in critical size cortical bone defects. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:792-9. [PMID: 23255164 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Porous titanium scaffolds have good mechanical properties that make them an interesting bone substitute material for large bone defects. These scaffolds can be produced with selective laser melting, which has the advantage of tailoring the structure's architecture. Reducing the strut size reduces the stiffness of the structure and may have a positive effect on bone formation. Two scaffolds with struts of 120-µm (titanium-120) or 230-µm (titanium-230) were studied in a load-bearing critical femoral bone defect in rats. The defect was stabilized with an internal plate and treated with titanium-120, titanium-230, or left empty. In vivo micro-CT scans at 4, 8, and 12 weeks showed more bone in the defects treated with scaffolds. Finally, 18.4 ± 7.1 mm(3) (titanium-120, p = 0.015) and 18.7 ± 8.0 mm(3) (titanium-230, p = 0.012) of bone was formed in those defects, significantly more than in the empty defects (5.8 ± 5.1 mm(3) ). Bending tests on the excised femurs after 12 weeks showed that the fusion strength reached 62% (titanium-120) and 45% (titanium-230) of the intact contralateral femurs, but there was no significant difference between the two scaffolds. This study showed that in addition to adequate mechanical support, porous titanium scaffolds facilitate bone formation, which results in high mechanical integrity of the treated large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Van der Stok
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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