1
|
Yao M, Liang S, Zeng Y, Peng F, Zhao X, Du C, Ma X, Huang H, Wang D, Zhang Y. Dual Factor-Loaded Artificial Periosteum Accelerates Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2200-2211. [PMID: 38447138 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In the clinic, inactivation of osteosarcoma using microwave ablation would damage the periosteum, resulting in frequent postoperative complications. Therefore, the development of an artificial periosteum is crucial for postoperative healing. In this study, we prepared an artificial periosteum using silk fibroin (SF) loaded with stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to accelerate bone remodeling after the microwave ablation of osteosarcoma. The prepared artificial periosteum showed a sustained release of SDF-1α and CGRP after 14 days of immersion. In vitro culture of rat periosteal stem cells (rPDSCs) demonstrated that the artificial periosteum is favorable for cell recruitment, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and bone-related gene expression. Furthermore, the artificial periosteum improved the tube formation and angiogenesis-related gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In an animal study, the periosteum in the femur of a rabbit was inactivated through microwave ablation and then removed. The damaged periosteum was replaced with the as-prepared artificial periosteum and favored bone regeneration. In all, the designed dual-factor-loaded artificial periosteum is a promising strategy to replace the damaged periosteum in the therapy of osteosarcoma for a better bone-rebuilding process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shengjie Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Energy Storage Materials and Processes, Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Rehabilitation (Intensive Rehabilitation Center), Southern Theater Command General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K
| | - Huai Huang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Rehabilitation (Intensive Rehabilitation Center), Southern Theater Command General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng YJ, Wu TH, Tseng YS, Chen WF. Development of hybrid 3D printing approach for fabrication of high-strength hydroxyapatite bioscaffold using FDM and DLP techniques. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025003. [PMID: 38226849 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad1b20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
This study develops a hybrid 3D printing approach that combines fused deposition modeling (FDM) and digital light processing (DLP) techniques for fabricating bioscaffolds, enabling rapid mass production. The FDM technique fabricates outer molds, while DLP prints struts for creating penetrating channels. By combining these components, hydroxyapatite (HA) bioscaffolds with different channel sizes (600, 800, and 1000μm) and designed porosities (10%, 12.5%, and 15%) are fabricated using the slurry casting method with centrifugal vacuum defoaming for significant densification. This innovative method produces high-strength bioscaffolds with an overall porosity of 32%-37%, featuring tightly bound HA grains and a layered surface structure, resulting in remarkable cell viability and adhesion, along with minimal degradation rates and superior calcium phosphate deposition. The HA scaffolds show hardness ranging from 1.43 to 1.87 GPa, with increasing compressive strength as the designed porosity and channel size decrease. Compared to human cancellous bone at a similar porosity range of 30%-40%, exhibiting compressive strengths of 13-70 MPa and moduli of 0.8-8 GPa, the HA scaffolds demonstrate robust strengths ranging from 40 to 73 MPa, paired with lower moduli of 0.7-1.23 GPa. These attributes make them well-suited for cancellous bone repair, effectively mitigating issues like stress shielding and bone atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jui Cheng
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Wu
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Tseng
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fan Chen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian H, Wu R, Feng N, Zhang J, Zuo J. Recent advances in hydrogels-based osteosarcoma therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1042625. [PMID: 36312544 PMCID: PMC9597306 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1042625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), as a typical kind of bone tumors, has a high incidence among adolescents. Traditional tumor eradication avenues for OS such as chemotherapy, surgical therapy and radiation therapy usually have their own drawbacks including recurrence and metastasis. In addition, another serious issue in the treatment of OS is bone repair because the bone after tumor invasion usually has difficulty in repairing itself. Hydrogels, as a synthetic or natural platform with a porous three-dimensional structure, can be applied as desirable platforms for OS treatment. They can not only be used as carriers for tumor therapeutic drugs but mimic the extracellular matrix for the growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), thus providing tumor treatment and enhancing bone regeneration at the same time. This review focuses the application of hydrogels in OS suppression and bone regeneration, and give some suggests on future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ronghui Wu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jinrui Zhang, ; Jianlin Zuo,
| | - Jianlin Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Jinrui Zhang, ; Jianlin Zuo,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang G, Qian G, Yao J, Cai W, Peng S, Shuai C. Polydopamine-decorated black phosphorous to enhance stability in polymer scaffold. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:455701. [PMID: 34330108 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorous (BP) is recognized as an effective reinforcement for polymer scaffold because of its excellent mechanical property and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, its poor stability in physiological environment limits its application in bone repair. In this work, BP was modified with dopamine by self-polymerization approach (donated as BP@PDA) to improve its stability, and then was introduced into poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold fabricated by selective laser sintering technology. Results showed the compressive and tensile strength of PLLA/BP@PDA scaffold were improved by 105% and 50%, respectively. The enhanced strength was ascribed to the increased stability of BP and the improved compatibility of BP@PDA with PLLA matrix after modifying with polydopamine. Simultaneously, the bioactivity of PLLA scaffold was significantly improved. It was attributed to that BP@PDA provided the sustained source ofPO43-ions which could capture Ca2+ions from physiological medium to facilitatein situbiomineralization, thereby promoting cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. This study demonstrated the great potential of BP@PDA in bone repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Wang
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowen Qian
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan People's Republic of China
- School of energy and mechanical engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cellulose-Chitosan-Nanohydroxyapatite Hybrid Composites by One-Pot Synthesis for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101655. [PMID: 34069677 PMCID: PMC8161035 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of organic–inorganic hybrid materials deserves special interest for bone tissue engineering applications, where materials must have properties that induce the survival and activation of cells derived from the mesenchyme. In this work, four bio-nanocomposites based on cellulose and variable content of chitosan, from 15 to 50 w% based on cellulose, with nanohydroxyapatite and β-Glycerophosphate as cross-linking agent were synthesized by simplified and low-energy-demanding solvent exchange method to determine the best ratio of chitosan to cellulose matrix. This study analyzes the metabolic activity and survival of human dermal fibroblast cells cultivated in four bio-nanocomposites based on cellulose and the variable content of chitosan. The biocompatibility was tested by the in vitro cytotoxicity assays Live/Dead and PrestoBlue. In addition, the composites were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. The results have shown that the vibration bands of β-Glycerophosphate have prevailed over the other components bands, while new diffraction planes have emerged from the interaction between the cross-linking agent and the biopolymers. The bio-nanocomposite micrographs have shown no surface porosity as purposely designed. On the other hand, cell death and detachment were observed when the composites of 1 and 0.1 w/v% were used. However, the composite containing 10 w% chitosan, against the sum of cellulose and β-Glycerophosphate, has shown less cell death and detachment when used at 0.01 w/v%, making it suitable for more in vitro studies in bone tissue engineering, as a promising economical biomaterial.
Collapse
|
6
|
Aly AA, Ahmed MK. Fibrous scaffolds of Ag/Fe co-doped hydroxyapatite encapsulated into polycaprolactone: Morphology, mechanical and in vitro cell adhesion. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120557. [PMID: 33798687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of a scaffold matrix to promote wound healing is a critical requirement to improve the health care system. For this purpose, electrospun scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) have been encapsulated with hydroxyapatite (HAP) doped with different contributions Ag ions. The obtained scaffolds have been investigated by XRD, FTIR and FESEM. It was shown that scaffolds were configured as cross-linked network with diameters around 0.6, 0.9, 2.1, and 2.5 μm for 0.0Ag/Fe-HAP@PCL, 0.4Ag/Fe-HAP@PCL, 0.6Ag/Fe-HAP@PCL, and 0.8Ag/Fe-HAP@PCL, respectively. Additionally, the composition of 0.8Ag/Fe-HAP@PCL exhibited the highest roughness average of 34 nm, while the inorganic root of co-dopant HAP recorded 44.8 nm. The mechanical properties have been investigated and showed that the maximum strain at break was about 129.31 ± 5.4% at no additional Ag ions, and reached its lowest value of 103.02 ± 3.5% at 0.2Ag/Fe-HAP@PCL. On the other hand, cell viability increased from 94.74 ± 4 to 98.9 ± 4% for 0.0Ag/Fe-HAP@PCL and 0.6Ag/Fe-HAP@PCL, respectively. Further, the antibacterial activity was investigated and exhibited that the inhibition zones of E. coli increased from 0.0 at 0.0Ag/Fe-HAP@PCL to 7.5 ± 1.3 mm for 0.8Ag/Fe-HAP@PCL. Moreover, the in vitro cell attachment showed that fibroblast cells proliferated and spread on the fibers' surface and through scaffolds' porosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amany A Aly
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M K Ahmed
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, El-Sheikh Zayed 12588, Egypt; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao XH, Peng XL, Gong HL, Wei DX. Osteogenic differentiation system based on biopolymer nanoparticles for stem cells in simulated microgravity. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33631731 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abe9d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient long-term intracellular growth factor release system in simulated microgravity for osteogenic differentiation was prepared based on polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanoparticles for loading of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) (defined as sB2-PLA-NP and sB7-PHA-NP), respectively, associated with osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs). On account of soybean lecithin (SL) as biosurfactants, sB2-PLA-NPs and sB7-PHA-NPs had a high encapsulation efficiency (>80%) of BMPs and uniform small size (<100 nm), and showed different slow-release to provide BMP2 in early stage and BMP7 in late stages of osteogenic differentiation within 20 days, due to degradation rate of PLA and PHA in cells. After uptake into hADSCs, by comparison with single sB2-PLA-NP or sB7-PHA-NP, the Mixture NPs, compound of sB2-PLA-NP and sB7-PHA-NP with a mass ratio of 1:1, can well-promote ALP activity, expression of OPN and upregulated related osteo-genes. Directed osteo-differentiation of Mixture NPs was similar to result of sustained free-BMP2 and BMP7-supplying (sFree-B2&B7) in simulated microgravity, which demonstrated the reliability and stability of Mixture NPs as a long-term osteogenic differentiation system in space medicine and biology in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Zhao
- Northwest University, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of life sciences and medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, CHINA
| | - Xue-Liang Peng
- Northwest University, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of life sciences and medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, CHINA
| | - Hai-Lun Gong
- Northwest University, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of life sciences and medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, CHINA
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Northwest University, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of life sciences and medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Synthesis and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide composite materials for medical implant coating applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
9
|
Ghiasi B, Sefidbakht Y, Mozaffari-Jovin S, Gharehcheloo B, Mehrarya M, Khodadadi A, Rezaei M, Ranaei Siadat SO, Uskoković V. Hydroxyapatite as a biomaterial - a gift that keeps on giving. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1035-1062. [PMID: 32476496 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1776321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic analogue to biogenic apatite, hydroxyapatite (HA) has a number of physicochemical properties that make it an attractive candidate for diagnosis, treatment of disease and augmentation of biological tissues. Here we describe some of the recent studies on HA, which may provide bases for a number of new medical applications. The content of this review is divided to different medical application modes utilizing HA, including tissue engineering, medical implants, controlled drug delivery, gene therapies, cancer therapies and bioimaging. A number of advantages of HA over other biomaterials emerge from this discourse, including (i) biocompatibility, (ii) bioactivity, (iii) relatively simple synthesis protocols for the fabrication of nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes, (iv) smart response to environmental stimuli, (v) facile functionalization and surface modification through noncovalent interactions, and (vi) the capacity for being simultaneously loaded with a wide range of therapeutic agents and switched to bioimaging modalities for uses in theranostics. A special section is dedicated to analysis of the safety of particulate HA as a component of parenterally administrable medications. It is concluded that despite the fact that many benefits come with the usage of HA, its deficiencies and potential side effects must be addressed before the translation to the clinical domain is pursued. Although HA has been known in the biomaterials world as the exemplar of safety, this safety proves to be the function of size, morphology, surface ligands and other structural and compositional parameters defining the particles. For this reason, each HA, especially when it comes in a novel structural form, must be treated anew from the safety research angle before being allowed to enter the clinical stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Ghiasi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Sefidbakht
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.,Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, The Faculty of New Technologies Engineering (NTE), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Mozaffari-Jovin
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Arash Khodadadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.,Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, The Faculty of New Technologies Engineering (NTE), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Veiga A, Castro F, Rocha F, Oliveira AL. Protein-Based Hydroxyapatite Materials: Tuning Composition toward Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3441-3455. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Veiga
- LEPABE − Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Castro
- LEPABE − Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rocha
- LEPABE − Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L. Oliveira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Quı́mica Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Substantial effect of silk fibroin reinforcement on properties of hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering application. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
12
|
Zhang W, Liu H, Yang W, Liu C, Xie M, Guo R, Liang J, Ye Z, Xu H. Hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin composite biomimetic scaffold for dental pulp repair. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2019. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.18.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp repair is a difficult clinical problem. In the present study, the authors aimed to mimic the extracellular matrix of dental pulp tissue structurally and compositionally. Nanofibrous silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles were fabricated by using the freeze-drying approach. Rod-shaped HAp was successfully embedded in the composite scaffold, the diameter of which was about 100–200 nm as shown by transmission electron microscopy analysis. The three-dimensional microstructure of the composite scaffold prepared in various ratios of HAp to SF was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the pore size of the optimal scaffold was about 30–120 μm. Meanwhile, the hemocompatibility of the composite scaffolds was evaluated based on their impact on the clotting function by way of activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and thromboelastographic assays. The scaffolds possessed a low hemolysis rate of red blood cells. Furthermore, cell culture tests using dental pulp stem cells found that the scaffolds had good biocompatibility. There biomimetic HAp/SF composite scaffolds may serve as a promising biomaterial for dental pulp repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Guangzhou Nansha District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Xie
- Department of Stomatology, People’s Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Liang
- Guangzhou Haizhu District Stomatological Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongtai Ye
- Department of Stomatology, People’s Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Potential Selective Cytotoxicity of Poly (L- Lactic Acid)-Based Scaffolds Functionalized with Nanohydroxyapatite and Europium (III) Ions toward Osteosarcoma Cells. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223779. [PMID: 31752084 PMCID: PMC6888250 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is malignant bone tumor, occurring in children and adults, characterized by poor prognosis. Despite advances in chemotherapy and surgical techniques, the survival of osteosarcoma patients is not improving significantly. Currently, great efforts are taken to identify novel selective strategies, distinguishing between cancer and normal cells. This includes development of biomimetic scaffolds with anticancer properties that can simultaneously support and modulate proper regeneration of bone tissue. In this study cytotoxicity of scaffolds composed from poly (L-lactic acid) functionalized with nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and doped with europium (III) ions-10 wt % 3 mol % Eu3+: nHAp@PLLA was tested using human osteosarcoma cells: U-2 OS, Saos-2 and MG-63. Human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (HuASCs) were used as non-transformed cells to determine the selective cytotoxicity of the carrier. Analysis included evaluation of cells morphology (confocal/scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), metabolic activity and apoptosis profile in cultures on the scaffolds. Results obtained indicated on high cytotoxicity of scaffolds toward all OSA cell lines, associated with a decrease of cells' viability, deterioration of metabolic activity and activation of apoptotic factors determined at mRNA and miRNA levels. Simultaneously, the biomaterials did not affect HuASCs' viability and proliferation rate. Obtained scaffolds showed a bioimaging function, due to functionalization with luminescent europium ions, and thus may find application in theranostics treatment of OSA.
Collapse
|
14
|
Effect of extraction methods on the preparation of electrospun/electrosprayed microstructures of tilapia skin collagen. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:234-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
15
|
Shi C, Bi C, Ding M, Xie J, Xu C, Qiao R, Wang X, Zhong J. Polymorphism and stability of nanostructures of three types of collagens from bovine flexor tendon, rat tail, and tilapia skin. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
16
|
Mehrotra S, Chouhan D, Konwarh R, Kumar M, Jadi PK, Mandal BB. Comprehensive Review on Silk at Nanoscale for Regenerative Medicine and Allied Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2054-2078. [PMID: 33405710 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Dimple Chouhan
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Rocktotpal Konwarh
- Biotechnology Department, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa−16417, Ethiopia
| | - Manishekhar Kumar
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Jadi
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu HW, Wei DX, Deng JZ, Zhu JJ, Xu K, Hu WH, Xiao SH, Zhou YG. Combined antibacterial and osteogenic in situ effects of a bifunctional titanium alloy with nanoscale hydroxyapatite coating. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S460-S470. [PMID: 30260249 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1499662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To resolve the problems of bacterial infections and the low efficiency of osteogenesis of implanted titanium alloys in clinical dental and bone therapy, we developed a bifunctional titanium alloy (Ti) with a nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) coating (HBD + BMP/HA-Ti), which enables the sustained release of the natural antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin 3 (HBD-3) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Due to the poriferous nano-sized structure of the HA coating with a 20-30 μm thickness, the HBD + BMP/HA-Ti material had a high encapsulation efficiency (>74%) and exhibited synchronized slow release of HBD-3 and BMP-2. In an antibacterial test, HBD + BMP/HA-Ti prevented the growth of bacteria in an inoculated medium, and its surface remained free from viable bacteria after a continuous incubation with Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains for 7 days. Furthermore, good adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in contact with HBD + BMP/HA-Ti were achieved in 7 days. Therefore, the bifunctional titanium alloy HBD + BMP/HA-Ti has a great potential for eventual applications in the protection of implants against bacteria in the orthopaedic and dental clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Liu
- a Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- b School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Jiu-Zheng Deng
- a Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Jian-Jin Zhu
- a Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Kai Xu
- a Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- c Department of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Song-Hua Xiao
- a Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhou
- c Department of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wei D, Qiao R, Dao J, Su J, Jiang C, Wang X, Gao M, Zhong J. Soybean Lecithin-Mediated Nanoporous PLGA Microspheres with Highly Entrapped and Controlled Released BMP-2 as a Stem Cell Platform. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800063. [PMID: 29682876 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Injectable polymer microsphere-based stem cell delivery systems have a severe problem that they do not offer a desirable environment for stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation because it is difficult to entrap a large number of hydrophilic functional protein molecules into the core of hydrophobic polymer microspheres. In this work, soybean lecithin (SL) is applied to entrap hydrophilic bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) into nanoporous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based microspheres by a two-step method: SL/BMP-2 complexes preparation and PLGA/SL/BMP-2 microsphere preparation. The measurements of their physicochemical properties show that PLGA/SL/BMP-2 microspheres had significantly higher BMP-2 entrapment efficiency and controlled triphasic BMP-2 release behavior compared with PLGA/BMP-2 microspheres. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo stem cell behaviors on PLGA/SL/BMP-2 microspheres are analyzed. Compared with PLGA/BMP-2 microspheres, PLGA/SL/BMP-2 microspheres have significantly higher in vitro and in vivo stem cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and matrix mineralization abilities. Therefore, injectable nanoporous PLGA/SL/BMP-2 microspheres can be potentially used as a stem cell platform for bone tissue regeneration. In addition, SL can be potentially used to prepare hydrophilic protein-loaded hydrophobic polymer microspheres with highly entrapped and controlled release of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daixu Wei
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, and Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jinwei Dao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chengmin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xichang Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, and Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, and Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:68-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
20
|
Behera S, Naskar D, Sapru S, Bhattacharjee P, Dey T, Ghosh AK, Mandal M, Kundu SC. Hydroxyapatite reinforced inherent RGD containing silk fibroin composite scaffolds: Promising platform for bone tissue engineering. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1745-1759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
21
|
Khamhaengpol A, Siri S. Composite Electrospun Scaffold Derived from Recombinant Fibroin of Weaver Ant (Oecophylla smaragdina) as Cell-Substratum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:110-125. [PMID: 28205050 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Unlike silkworm (Bombyx mori) fibroin (SF), weaver ant (Oecophylla smaragdina) fibroin (WAF) is much less studied. Due to differences in amino acid composition and protein structure, this work aimed to produce the recombinant WAF protein, designated as WAF1, and investigated on its potential application as a biomaterial for producing a cell-substratum. The composite electrospun scaffolds derived from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), WAF1, and extracted SF were produced by electrospinning. SEM images revealed non-woven and smooth fibers of PVA, PVA-WAF1, and PVA-SF scaffolds with the average diameters of 204.1 ± 59.9, 206.5 ± 71.5, and 238.4 ± 77.9 nm, respectively. ATR-FTIR spectra indicated characteristic absorption peaks related to the chemical structure of PVA and protein. The PVA-WAF1 scaffold demonstrated a higher water uptake, a slightly higher rate of degradation, and a similar low cytotoxicity as compared with the PVA-SF scaffold. Although the adhesion and proliferation of cells on the PVA-WAF1 scaffold were lower than those on the PVA-SF scaffold, it showed significantly greater values of adhering and proliferating cells than the PVA scaffold. The results of this work suggested that WAF1 could be used as a biomaterial for producing a cell-substratum that supports cell adhesion and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunrat Khamhaengpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sineenat Siri
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zheng K, Chen Y, Huang W, Lin Y, Kaplan DL, Fan Y. Chemically Functionalized Silk for Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Proliferation and Differentiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14406-14413. [PMID: 27177120 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To produce biocompatible, mechanically robust, and conductive materials for bone tissue engineering, chemical oxidation using sodium hyprochlorite (NaClO) was utilized to introduce carboxyl groups onto silk fibroin (SF). A final carboxyl content of 1.09 mM/g SF was obtained, corresponding to ∼47% of the primary hydroxymethyl groups on the silk. Interestingly, both infrared (IR) spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) spectra demonstrated that the resulting oxidized silk (OxSF) self-assembled into β-sheet structures under aqueous conditions and this contributed to the mechanical properties of the as-prepared silk-based scaffolds and the mineralized OxSF scaffolds (M-OxSF). The OxSF scaffolds had a compressive modulus of 211 ± 75 KPa in the hydrated state, 10 times higher than that of the SF scaffolds, and the modulus of the M-OxSF scaffolds was increased to 758 ± 189 KPa. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) grown on the scaffolds during osteogenesis showed that the OxSF scaffolds supported the proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuel & Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Yinan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuel & Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang C, Wang Y, Meng H, Wang X, Zhu Y, Yu K, Yuan X, Wang A, Guo Q, Peng J, Lu S. Research progress regarding nanohydroxyapatite and its composite biomaterials in bone defect repair. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1149849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
24
|
Chen X, Zhou R, Chen B, Chen J. Nanohydroxyapatite/cellulose nanocrystals/silk fibroin ternary scaffolds for rat calvarial defect regeneration. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02038k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design and characterise a novel biomimetic scaffold for the repair of critical size calvarial defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Spinal Surgery
- Nanfang Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Runmei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital
- University of South China
- Hengyang 421001
- China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Spinal Surgery
- Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital
- Chenzhou 423000
- China
| | - Jianting Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Spinal Surgery
- Nanfang Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Drnovšek N, Kocen R, Gantar A, Drobnič-Košorok M, Leonardi A, Križaj I, Rečnik A, Novak S. Size of silk fibroin β-sheet domains affected by Ca2+. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6597-6608. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of bioactive glass or other Ca2+ source to fibroin changes scaffold degradation and the mechanical and protein secondary structure properties due to the reduction in the size of β-sheet domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Drnovšek
- Department for Nanostructured Materials
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - R. Kocen
- Department for Nanostructured Materials
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - A. Gantar
- Department for Nanostructured Materials
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - M. Drobnič-Košorok
- Institute of Physiology
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Veterinary Faculty
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
| | - A. Leonardi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - I. Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
| | - A. Rečnik
- Department for Nanostructured Materials
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - S. Novak
- Department for Nanostructured Materials
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School
| |
Collapse
|