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Wang K, Huai S, Tan Z, Ngea GLN, Godana EA, Shi J, Yang Q, Zhang X, Zhao L, Zhang H. A First Expression, Purification and Characterization of Endo-β-1,3-Glucanase from Penicillium expansum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:961. [PMID: 37888217 PMCID: PMC10608044 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
β-1,3-glucanase plays an important role in the biodegradation, reconstruction, and development of β-1,3-glucan. An endo-β-1,3-glucanase which was encoded by PeBgl1 was expressed, purified and characterized from Penicillium expansum for the first time. The PeBgl1 gene was amplified and transformed into the competent cells of E. coli Rosetta strain with the help of the pET-30a cloning vector. The recombinant protein PeBgl1 was expressed successfully at the induction conditions of 0.8 mmol/L IPTG at 16 °C for 16 h and then was purified by nickel ion affinity chromatography. The optimum reaction temperature of PeBgl1 was 55 °C and it had maximal activity at pH 6.0 according to the enzymatic analysis. Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer (pH 6.0) and NaCl have inhibitory and enhancing effects on the enzyme activities, respectively. SDS, TritonX-100 and some metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) have an inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. The results showed that PeBgl1 protein has good enzyme activity at 50-60 °C and at pH 5.0-9.0, and it is not a metal dependent enzyme, which makes it robust for storage and transportation, ultimately holding great promise in green biotechnology and biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (K.W.); (S.H.); (Z.T.); (G.L.N.N.); (E.A.G.); (J.S.); (Q.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
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2
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Liu X, Lyu L, Li J, Sen B, Bai M, Stajich JE, Collier JL, Wang G. Comparative Genomic Analyses of Cellulolytic Machinery Reveal Two Nutritional Strategies of Marine Labyrinthulomycetes Protists. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0424722. [PMID: 36744882 PMCID: PMC10101102 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04247-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Labyrinthulomycetes are a group of ubiquitous and diverse unicellular Stramenopiles and have long been known for their vital role in ocean carbon cycling. However, their ecological function from the perspective of organic matter degradation remains poorly understood. This study reports high-quality genomes of two newly isolated Labyrinthulomycetes strains, namely, Botryochytrium sp. strain S-28 and Oblongichytrium sp. strain S-429, and provides molecular analysis of their ecological functions using comparative genomics and a biochemical assay. Our results suggest that Labyrinthulomycetes may occupy multiple ecological niches in marine ecosystems because of the significant differences in gene function among different genera. Certain strains could degrade wheat bran independently by secreting cellulase. The key glycoside hydrolase families (GH1, GH5, and GH9) related to cellulase and the functional domains of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were more enriched in their genomes. This group can actively participate in marine biochemical cycles as decomposers. In contrast, other strains that could not produce cellulase may thrive as "leftover scavengers" and act as a source of nutrients to the higher-trophic-level plankton. In addition, our findings emphasize the dual roles of endoglucanase, acting as both exo- and endoglucanases, in the process of cellulose degradation. Using genomic, biochemical, and phylogenetic analyses, our study provides a broader insight into the nutritional patterns and ecological functions of Labyrinthulomycetes. IMPORTANCE Unicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes are an important component of marine ecosystems. However, their ecological functions and modes of nutrition remain largely unknown. Our current understanding of marine microbial ecology is incomplete without integrating these heterotrophic microeukaryotes into the food web models. This study focuses on the unicellular fungus-like protists Labyrinthulomycetes and provides two high-quality genomes of cellulase-producing Labyrinthulomycetes. Our study uncovers the basis of their cellulase production by deciphering the results of genomic, biochemical, and phylogenetic analyses. This study instigates a further investigation of the molecular mechanism of organic matter utilization by Labyrinthulomycetes in the world's oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Liu
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Lyu
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mohan Bai
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jason E. Stajich
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jackie L. Collier
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Role of extremophiles and their extremozymes in biorefinery process of lignocellulose degradation. Extremophiles 2021; 25:203-219. [PMID: 33768388 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-021-01225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in the field of life sciences have led to discovery of organisms that live in harsh environmental conditions referred to as extremophiles. These organisms have adapted themselves to thrive in extreme habitat giving these organisms an advantage over conventional mesophilic organisms in various industrial applications. Extremozymes produced by these extremophiles have high tolerance to inhospitable environmental conditions making them an ideal enzyme system for various industrial processes. A notable application of these extremophiles and extremozymes is their use in the degradation of recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass and application in biorefineries. For maximum utilization of the trapped carbon source from this obstinate biomass, pretreatment is a necessary step that requires various physiochemical and enzymatic treatments. From search for novel extremophiles and extremozymes to development of various genetic and protein engineering techniques, investigation on extremozymes with enhanced stability and efficiency is been done. Since extremozymes are easily calibrated to work under such conditions, they have become an emerging topic in the research field of biofuel production. The review discusses the various extremozymes that play an important role in lignocellulose degradation along with recent studies on their molecular and genetic evolution for industrial application and production of biofuels and various value-added products.
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Zhu D, Adebisi WA, Ahmad F, Sethupathy S, Danso B, Sun J. Recent Development of Extremophilic Bacteria and Their Application in Biorefinery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:483. [PMID: 32596215 PMCID: PMC7303364 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biorefining technology for biofuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass has made great progress in the world. However, mobilization of laboratory research toward industrial setup needs to meet a series of criteria, including the selection of appropriate pretreatment technology, breakthrough in enzyme screening, pathway optimization, and production technology, etc. Extremophiles play an important role in biorefinery by providing novel metabolic pathways and catalytically stable/robust enzymes that are able to act as biocatalysts under harsh industrial conditions on their own. This review summarizes the potential application of thermophilic, psychrophilic alkaliphilic, acidophilic, and halophilic bacteria and extremozymes in the pretreatment, saccharification, fermentation, and lignin valorization process. Besides, the latest studies on the engineering bacteria of extremophiles using metabolic engineering and synthetic biology technologies for high-efficiency biofuel production are also introduced. Furthermore, this review explores the comprehensive application potential of extremophiles and extremozymes in biorefinery, which is partly due to their specificity and efficiency, and points out the necessity of accelerating the commercialization of extremozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wasiu Adewale Adebisi
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fiaz Ahmad
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Blessing Danso
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Dehghanikhah F, Shakarami J, Asoodeh A. Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Alkalophilic Cellulase from the Symbiotic Bacillus subtilis BC1 of the Leopard Moth, Zeuzera pyrina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1254-1261. [PMID: 32125446 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, an extracellular cellulase belonging to symbiotic Bacillus subtilis Bc1 of the leopard moth is purified and characterized. The molecular mass of enzyme was 47.8 kDa using SDS-PAGE. The purified enzyme had optimum activity in temperature and pH around 60 °C and 8, respectively. The purified cellulase was introduced as a stable enzyme in a wide variety of temperature (20-80 °C) and pH (4-10) and remained active to more than 74% at 80 °C for 1 h. Moreover, the cellulase extremely was stabled in the presence of metal ions and organic solvents and its activity was increased by acetone (20% v/v), CaCl2 and CoCl2 and inhibited by MnCl2 and NiCl2. The values of enzyme's Km and Vmax were found to be 1.243 mg/mL and 271.3 µg/mL/min, respectively. The purified cellulase hydrolyzed cellulose, avicel and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and the final product of CMC hydrolysis was cellobiose using thin-layer chromatography analysis. Consequently, owing to exo/endoglucanase activity and organic solvent, temperature and pH stability of the purified cellulase belong to B. subtilis BC1, it can be properly employed for various industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Dehghanikhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Jahanshir Shakarami
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Li K, Qi H, Liu Q, Li T, Chen W, Li S, Piao HL, Yin H. Preparation and antitumor activity of selenium-modified glucomannan oligosaccharides. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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7
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Cloning, expression, and characterization of novel GH5 endoglucanases from Thermobifida alba AHK119. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:554-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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A novel beta-1,4 glucanase produced by symbiotic Bacillus sp. CF96 isolated from termite (Anacanthotermes). Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:752-759. [PMID: 30904535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel beta-1,4-glucanase was purified and characterized from symbiotic Bacillus sp. CF96 of termite. The SDS-PAGE and zymogram analyses revealed a molecular mass of 35.6 kDa. Optimal activity was at 50 °C and pH 5.5, while the enzyme was active over a wide range of temperature 20-80 °C and pH 4-10 and interestingly more than 60% of the maximum activity remained up to pH 9. The enzyme activity increased in the presence of hexane, chloroform and methanol (20% v/v). while, the enzyme activity was inhibited by metal ions such as Mn2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+. The isolated enzyme was able to degrade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), avicel and cellulose. Cellobiose was the hydrolytic product of enzymatic reaction based on thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. Regarding beta-1,4 endo/exoglucanase activity and high temperature, pH and solvent stability, the enzyme has potential for various industrial applications especially in designing pesticide for termite.
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Jain KK, Kumar S, Bhardwaj KN, Kuhad RC. Functional Expression of a Thermostable Endoglucanase from Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK in Pichia pastoris X-33 and Its Characterization. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:736-748. [PMID: 30076532 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermostable cellulases offer several advantages like higher rates of substrate hydrolysis, lowered risk of contamination, and increased flexibility with respect to process design. In the present study, a thermostable native endoglucanase nEG (EC 3.2.1.4) was purified and characterized from T. aurantiacus RCKK. Further, it was cloned in P. pastoris X-33 and processed for over expression. Expression of recombinant endoglucanase (rEG) of molecular size ~ 33 kDa was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting followed by in gel activity determination by zymogram analysis. Similar to nEG, the purified rEG was characterized to harbor high thermostability while retaining 50% of its initial activity even after 6- and 10-h incubation at 80 and 70 °C, respectively, and exhibited considerable stability in pH range 3.0-7.0. CD spectroscopy revealed more than 20% β-sheets in protein structure consistently when incubated upto 85 °C as a speculated reason for protein high thermostability. Interestingly, both nEG and rEG were found tolerant up to 10% of the presence of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2mim][OAc]. Values of the catalytic constants Km and Vmax for rEG were recorded as 2.5 mg/ml and 303.4 µmol/mg/min, respectively. Thermostability, pH stability, and resistance to the presence of ionic liquid signify the potential applicability of present enzyme in cellulose hydrolysis and enzymatic deinking of recycled paper pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavish Kumar Jain
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.,Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kailash N Bhardwaj
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.,Uttarakhan State Council of Science and Technology [UCOST], Vigyan Dham, Post Office- Jhajra, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ramesh Chander Kuhad
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India. .,Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali Village, Mahendergarh District, Haryana, 123029, India.
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Expression and characterisation of a pH and salt tolerant, thermostable and xylose tolerant recombinant GH43 β-xylosidase from Thermobifida halotolerans YIM 90462 T for promoting hemicellulose degradation. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:339-350. [PMID: 30225545 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding a β-xylosidase (designated as Thxyl43A) was cloned from strain Thermobifida halotolerans YIM 90462T. The open reading frame of this gene encodes 550 amino acid residues. The gene was over-expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified. The monomeric Thxyl43A protein presented a molecular mass of 61.5 kDa. When p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside was used as the substrate, recombinant Thxyl43A exhibited optimal activity at 55 °C and pH 4.0 to 7.0, being thermostable by maintaining 47% of its activity after 30 h incubation at 55 °C. The recombinant enzyme retained more than 80% residual activity after incubation at pH range of 4.0 to 12.0 for 24 h, respectively, which indicated notable thermostability and pH stability of Thxyl43A. Moreover, Thxyl43A displayed high catalytic activity (> 60%) in presence of 5-35% NaCl (w/v) or 1-20% ionic liquid (w/v) or 1-50 mM xylose. These properties suggest that Thxyl43A has potential for promoting hemicellulose degradation and other industrial applications.
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Khalili Ghadikolaei K, Gharechahi J, Haghbeen K, Akbari Noghabi K, Hosseini Salekdeh G, Shahbani Zahiri H. A cold-adapted endoglucanase from camel rumen with high catalytic activity at moderate and low temperatures: an anomaly of truly cold-adapted evolution in a mesophilic environment. Extremophiles 2018; 22:315-326. [PMID: 29330650 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-0999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endoglucanases are important enzymes in plant biomass degradation. They have current and potential applications in various industrial sectors including human and animal food processing, textile, paper, and renewable biofuel production. It is assumed that the cold-active endoglucanases, with high catalytic rates in moderate and cold temperatures, can improve the cost-effectiveness of industrial processes by lowering the need for heating and, thus, energy consumption. In this study, the endoglucanase CelCM3 was procured from a camel rumen metagenome via gene cloning and expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The maximum activity of the enzyme on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was obtained at pH 5 and 30 °C with a Vmax and Km of 339 U/mg and 2.57 mg/ml, respectively. The enzyme with an estimated low melting temperature of 45 °C and about 50% activity at 4 °C was identified to be cold-adapted. A thermodynamic analysis corroborated that CelCM3 with an activation energy (Ea), enthalpy of activation (ΔH), and Gibb's free energy (ΔG) of, respectively, 18.47 kJ mol-1, 16.12 kJ mol-1, and 56.09 kJ mol-1 is a cold-active endoglucanase. In addition, CelCM3 was tolerant of metal ions, non-ionic detergents, urea, and organic solvents. Given these interesting characteristics, CelCM3 shows promise to meet the requirements of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Khalili Ghadikolaei
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Akbari Noghabi
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahbani Zahiri
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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Recombinant thermo-alkali-stable endoglucanase of Myceliopthora thermophila BJA (rMt-egl): Biochemical characteristics and applicability in enzymatic saccharification of agro-residues. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:107-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Hatefi A, Makhdoumi A, Asoodeh A, Mirshamsi O. Characterization of a bi-functional cellulase produced by a gut bacterial resident of Rosaceae branch borer beetle, Osphranteria coerulescens (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:158-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Dhar H, Kasana RC, Dutt S, Gulati A. Cloning and expression of low temperature active endoglucanase EG5C from Paenibacillus sp. IHB B 3084. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:259-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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