1
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Aramwit P, Jiang Q, Muppuri S, Reddy N. Transgenic modifications of silkworms as a means to obtain therapeutic biomolecules and protein fibers with exceptional properties. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2827-2839. [PMID: 37243890 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic modification of Bombyx mori silkworms is a benign approach for the production of silk fibers with extraordinary properties and also to generate therapeutic proteins and other biomolecules for various applications. Silk fibers with fluorescence lasting more than a year, natural protein fibers with strength and toughness exceeding that of spider silk, proteins and therapeutic biomolecules with exceptional properties have been developed using transgenic technology. The transgenic modifications have been done primarily by modifying the silk sericin and fibroin genes and also the silk producing glands. Although the genetic modifications were typically performed using the sericin 1 and other genes, newer techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 have enabled successful modifications of both the fibroin H-chain and L-chain. Such modifications have led to the production of therapeutic proteins and other biomolecules in reasonable quantities at affordable costs for tissue engineering and other medical applications. Transgenically modified silkworms also have distinct and long-lasting fluorescence useful for bioimaging applications. This review presents an overview of the transgenic techniques for modifications of B. mori silkworms and the properties obtained due to such modifications with particular focus on production of growth factors, fluorescent proteins, and high performance protein fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornanong Aramwit
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Qiuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Supritha Muppuri
- Center for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy, Jyothy Institute of Technology, Thataguni Post, Bengaluru, India
| | - Narendra Reddy
- Center for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy, Jyothy Institute of Technology, Thataguni Post, Bengaluru, India
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2
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Zhao Z, Deng J, Fan D. Green biomanufacturing in recombinant collagen biosynthesis: trends and selection in various expression systems. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5439-5461. [PMID: 37401335 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00724c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Collagen, classically derived from animal tissue, is an all-important protein material widely used in biomedical materials, cosmetics, fodder, food, etc. The production of recombinant collagen through different biological expression systems using bioengineering techniques has attracted significant interest in consideration of increasing market demand and the process complexity of extraction. Green biomanufacturing of recombinant collagen has become one of the focus topics. While the bioproduction of recombinant collagens (type I, II, III, etc.) has been commercialized in recent years, the biosynthesis of recombinant collagen is extremely challenging due to protein immunogenicity, yield, degradation, and other issues. The rapid development of synthetic biology allows us to perform a heterologous expression of proteins in diverse expression systems, thus optimizing the production and bioactivities of recombinant collagen. This review describes the research progress in the bioproduction of recombinant collagen over the past two decades, focusing on different expression systems (prokaryotic organisms, yeasts, plants, insects, mammalian and human cells, etc.). We also discuss the challenges and future trends in developing market-competitive recombinant collagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Zhou N, Liu YD, Zhang Y, Gu TW, Peng LH. Pharmacological Functions, Synthesis, and Delivery Progress for Collagen as Biodrug and Biomaterial. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051443. [PMID: 37242685 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen has been widely applied as a functional biomaterial in regulating tissue regeneration and drug delivery by participating in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, intercellular signal transmission, tissue formation, and blood coagulation. However, traditional extraction of collagen from animals potentially induces immunogenicity and requires complicated material treatment and purification steps. Although semi-synthesis strategies such as utilizing recombinant E. coli or yeast expression systems have been explored as alternative methods, the influence of unwanted by-products, foreign substances, and immature synthetic processes have limited its industrial production and clinical applications. Meanwhile, macromolecule collagen products encounter a bottleneck in delivery and absorption by conventional oral and injection vehicles, which promotes the studies of transdermal and topical delivery strategies and implant methods. This review illustrates the physiological and therapeutic effects, synthesis strategies, and delivery technologies of collagen to provide a reference and outlook for the research and development of collagen as a biodrug and biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu-Da Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting-Wei Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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4
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Hussain NA, Figueiredo FC, Connon CJ. Use of biomaterials in corneal endothelial repair. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2022; 13:25158414211058249. [PMID: 34988369 PMCID: PMC8721373 DOI: 10.1177/25158414211058249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelium (HCE) is a single layer of hexagonal cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea. It forms the barrier that separates the aqueous humor from the rest of the corneal layers (stroma and epithelium layer). This layer plays a fundamental role in maintaining the hydration and transparency of the cornea, which in turn ensures a clear vision. In vivo, human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) are generally believed to be nonproliferating. In many cases, due to their nonproliferative nature, any damage to these cells can lead to further issues with Descemet’s membrane (DM), stroma and epithelium which may ultimately lead to hazy vision and blindness. Endothelial keratoplasties such as Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DEK) are the standard surgeries routinely used to restore vision following endothelial failure. Basically, these two similar surgical techniques involve the replacement of the diseased endothelial layer in the center of the cornea by a healthy layer taken from a donor cornea. Globally, eye banks are facing an increased demand to provide corneas that have suitable features for transplantation. Consequently, it can be stated that there is a significant shortage of corneal grafting tissue; for every 70 corneas required, only 1 is available. Nowadays, eye banks face long waiting lists due to shortage of donors, seriously aggravated when compared with previous years, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, there is an urgent need to find alternative and more sustainable sources for treating endothelial diseases, such as utilizing bioengineering to use of biomaterials as a remedy. The current review focuses on the use of biomaterials to repair the corneal endothelium. A range of biomaterials have been considered based on their promising results and outstanding features, including previous studies and their key findings in the context of each biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ahmed Hussain
- University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaBiosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Francisco C Figueiredo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKDepartment of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Che J Connon
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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5
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Wang Y, Wang F, Xu S, Wang R, Chen W, Hou K, Tian C, Wang F, Zhao P, Xia Q. Optimization of a 2A self-cleaving peptide-based multigene expression system for efficient expression of upstream and downstream genes in silkworm. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:849-859. [PMID: 30895377 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The multigene expression system is highly attractive to co-express multiple genes or multi-subunit complex-based genes for their functional studies, and in gene therapy and visual tracking of expressed proteins. However, the current multiple gene co-expression strategies usually suffer from severe inefficiency and unbalanced expression of multiple genes. Here, we report on an improved 2A self-cleaving peptide (2A)-based multigene expression system (2A-MGES), by introducing an optimized Kozak region (Ck) and altering the gene arrangement, both of which contributed to the efficient expression of two fluorescent protein genes in silkworm. By co-expressing DsRed and EGFP genes in insect cells and silkworms, the potent Ck was first found to improve the translation efficiency of downstream genes, and the expression of the flanking genes of 2A were improved by altering the gene arrangement in 2A-MGES. Moreover, we showed that combining Ck and an optimized gene arrangement in 2A-MGES could synergistically improve the expression of genes in the cell. Further, these two flanking genes, regulated by modified 2A-MGES, were further co-expressed in the middle silk gland and secreted into the cocoon, and both achieved efficient expression in the transgenic silkworms and their cocoons. These results suggested that the modified Ck-2A-MGES will be a potent tool for multiple gene expression, for studies of their functions, and their applications in insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Riyuan Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Hou
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Tian
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Thrivikraman G, Athirasala A, Twohig C, Boda SK, Bertassoni LE. Biomaterials for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration. Dent Clin North Am 2017; 61:835-856. [PMID: 28886771 PMCID: PMC5663293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional reconstruction of craniofacial defects is a major clinical challenge in craniofacial sciences. The advent of biomaterials is a potential alternative to standard autologous/allogenic grafting procedures to achieve clinically successful bone regeneration. This article discusses various classes of biomaterials currently used in craniofacial reconstruction. Also reviewed are clinical applications of biomaterials as delivery agents for sustained release of stem cells, genes, and growth factors. Recent promising advancements in 3D printing and bioprinting techniques that seem to be promising for future clinical treatments for craniofacial reconstruction are covered. Relevant topics in the bone regeneration literature exemplifying the potential of biomaterials to repair bone defects are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma Thrivikraman
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Avathamsa Athirasala
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Chelsea Twohig
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Boda
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5965, USA
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU School of Medicine, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; OHSU Center for Regenerative Medicine, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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7
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Zhang P, Liu S, Song HS, Zhang G, Jia Q, Li S. Yorkie CA overexpression in the posterior silk gland improves silk yield in Bombyx mori. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 100:93-99. [PMID: 28583832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The traditional hybrid breeding techniques can no longer meet the increasing demands for silk production by the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and further improvement of the silk yield will depend on modern molecular breeding techniques. Here, we report improved silk yield in transgenic silkworms overexpressing the oncogene YorkieCA specifically in the posterior silk gland (PSG). The YorkieCA cDNA was ligated downstream of the hr3 enhancer and the fibroin L-chain (Fil) promoter, then inserted into a piggyBac vector for transgene. Overexpression of YorkieCA in the PSG significantly increased the weight of the PSG, and also increased the weight of the cocoon, larval body, and pupal body to decreasing degrees. Overexpression of YorkieCA up-regulated the Yorkie target genes resulting in increased cell size, endomitosis, the number of protein synthesis organelles, the expression of fibroin genes in the PSG, and eventually silk yield. Additionally, as we reported previously using the binary GAL4/UAS system, transgenic silkworms overexpressing Ras1CA with the hr3 enhancer and the Fil promoter also showed improved silk yield. Unfortunately, the hybrid progeny of YorkieCA-overexpressing silkworms and Ras1CA-overexpressing silkworms did not show overlapping improved silk yield due to the failure to increase expression of both Yorkie and Ras1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panli Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Sciences and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Sciences and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Xu R, Li D, Peng J, Fang J, Zhang L, Liu L. Cloning, expression and antioxidant activity of a novel collagen from Pelodiscus sinensis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:100. [PMID: 27116966 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the main structural protein of various connective tissues in animals and naturally plays an important role within the body. It is increasingly used within certain areas, such as medicine, citology and cosmetology. The soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is a commercially important aquatic species rich in collagen. In this study, a novel collagen gene fragment of 756 bp, which encodes 252 deduced amino acid residues, including 25 conserved Gly-X-Y motifs, was cloned from a soft-shelled turtle. Recombinant soft-shelled turtle collagen (rSTC) was stably expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta and purified by His GraviTrap affinity columns. The antioxidant activities of rSTC were measured using hydroxyl and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The results showed that rSTC quenched the free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) of rSTC was 98.9 % at a concentration of 3 mg/mL. At a concentration of 5 mg/mL, rSTC exhibited a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 32.7 %. At the tested concentrations, rSTC exhibited higher HRSA and lower DPPH radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiao Peng
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianguo Liu
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Dong C, Lv Y. Application of Collagen Scaffold in Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and New Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8020042. [PMID: 30979136 PMCID: PMC6432532 DOI: 10.3390/polym8020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the main structural protein of most hard and soft tissues in animals and the human body, which plays an important role in maintaining the biological and structural integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and provides physical support to tissues. Collagen can be extracted and purified from a variety of sources and offers low immunogenicity, a porous structure, good permeability, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Collagen scaffolds have been widely used in tissue engineering due to these excellent properties. However, the poor mechanical property of collagen scaffolds limits their applications to some extent. To overcome this shortcoming, collagen scaffolds can be cross-linked by chemical or physical methods or modified with natural/synthetic polymers or inorganic materials. Biochemical factors can also be introduced to the scaffold to further improve its biological activity. This review will summarize the structure and biological characteristics of collagen and introduce the preparation methods and modification strategies of collagen scaffolds. The typical application of a collagen scaffold in tissue engineering (including nerve, bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament, blood vessel and skin) will be further provided. The prospects and challenges about their future research and application will also be pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Mabashi-Asazuma H, Sohn BH, Kim YS, Kuo CW, Khoo KH, Kucharski CA, Fraser MJ, Jarvis DL. Targeted glycoengineering extends the protein N-glycosylation pathway in the silkworm silk gland. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 65:20-7. [PMID: 26163436 PMCID: PMC4628589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm silk glands are powerful secretory organs that can produce and secrete proteins at high levels. As such, it has been suggested that the biosynthetic and secretory power of the silk gland can be harnessed to produce and secrete recombinant proteins in tight or loose association with silk fibers. However, the utility of the silkworm platform is constrained by the fact that it has a relatively primitive protein N-glycosylation pathway, which produces relatively simple insect-type, rather than mammalian-type N-glycans. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that the silk gland protein N-glycosylation pathway can be glycoengineered. We accomplished this by using a dual piggyBac vector encoding two distinct mammalian glycosyltransferases under the transcriptional control of a posterior silk gland (PSG)-specific promoter. Both mammalian transgenes were expressed and each mammalian N-glycan processing activity was induced in transformed silkworm PSGs. In addition, the transgenic animals produced endogenous glycoproteins containing significant proportions of mammalian-type, terminally galactosylated N-glycans, while the parental animals produced none. This demonstration of the ability to glycoengineer the silkworm extends its potential utility as a recombinant protein production platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bong-Hee Sohn
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica 128, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica 128, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl A Kucharski
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Malcolm J Fraser
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Donald L Jarvis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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11
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Wang H, Wang L, Wang Y, Tao H, Yin W, SiMa Y, Wang Y, Xu S. High yield exogenous protein HPL production in the Bombyx mori silk gland provides novel insight into recombinant expression systems. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13839. [PMID: 26370318 PMCID: PMC4570194 DOI: 10.1038/srep13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The silk gland of Bombyx mori (BmSG) has gained significant attention by dint of superior synthesis and secretion of proteins. However, the application of BmSG bioreactor is still a controversial issue because of low yields of recombinant proteins. Here, a 3057 bp full-length coding sequence of Hpl was designed and transformed into the silkworm genome, and then the mutant (Hpl/Hpl) with specific expression of Hpl in posterior BmSG (BmPSG) was obtained. In the mutants, the transcription level of Fib-L and P25, and corresponding encoding proteins, did not decrease. However, the mRNA level of Fib-H was reduced by 71.1%, and Fib-H protein in the secreted fibroin was decreased from 91.86% to 71.01%. The mRNA level of Hpl was 0.73% and 0.74% of Fib-H and Fib-L, respectively, while HPL protein accounted for 18.85% of fibroin and 15.46% of the total amount of secreted silk protein. The exogenous protein was therefore very efficiently translated and secreted. Further analysis of differentially expressed gene (DEG) was carried out in the BmPSG cells and 891 DEGs were detected, of which 208 genes were related to protein metabolism. Reduced expression of endogenous silk proteins in the BmPSG could effectively improve the production efficiency of recombinant exogenous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hui Tao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weimin Yin
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanghu SiMa
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- R&D Division, Okamoto Corporation, Nara 635-8550, Japan
| | - Shiqing Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Ye L, Qian Q, Zhang Y, You Z, Che J, Song J, Zhong B. Analysis of the sericin1 promoter and assisted detection of exogenous gene expression efficiency in the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8301. [PMID: 25655044 PMCID: PMC4319154 DOI: 10.1038/srep08301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In genetics, the promoter is one of the most important regulatory elements controlling the spatiotemporal expression of a target gene. However, most studies have focused on core or proximal promoter regions, and information on regions that are more distant from the 5′-flanking region of the proximal promoter is often lacking. Here, approximately 4-kb of the sericin1 (Ser1) promoter was predicted to contain many potential transcriptional factor binding sites (TFBSs). Transgenic experiments have revealed that more TFBSs included in the promoter improved gene transcription. However, multi-copy proximal Ser1 promoter combinations did not improve gene expression at the transcriptional level. Instead, increasing the promoter copy number repressed transcription. Furthermore, a correlation analysis between two contiguous genes, firefly luciferase (FLuc) and EGFP, was conducted at the transcriptional level; a significant correlation was obtained regardless of the insertion site. The ELISA results also revealed a significant correlation between the transcriptional and translational EGFP levels. Therefore, the exogenous gene expression level can be predicted by simply detecting an adjacent EGFP. In conclusion, our results provide important insights for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying promoter function. Additionally, a new approach was developed to quickly screen transgenic strains that highly express exogenous genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupeng Ye
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qiujie Qian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhengying You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqian Che
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jia Song
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Boxiong Zhong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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Ma S, Shi R, Wang X, Liu Y, Chang J, Gao J, Lu W, Zhang J, Zhao P, Xia Q. Genome editing of BmFib-H gene provides an empty Bombyx mori silk gland for a highly efficient bioreactor. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6867. [PMID: 25359576 PMCID: PMC4215353 DOI: 10.1038/srep06867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution has produced some remarkable creatures, of which silk gland is a fascinating organ that exists in a variety of insects and almost half of the 34,000 spider species. The impressive ability to secrete huge amount of pure silk protein, and to store proteins at an extremely high concentration (up to 25%) make the silk gland of Bombyx mori hold great promise to be a cost-effective platform for production of recombinant proteins. However, the extremely low production yields of the numerous reported expression systems greatly hindered the exploration and application of silk gland bioreactors. Using customized zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), we successfully performed genome editing of Bmfib-H gene, which encodes the largest and most abundant silk protein, in B. mori with efficiency higher than any previously reported. The resulted Bmfib-H knocked-out B. mori showed a smaller and empty silk gland, abnormally developed posterior silk gland cells, an extremely thin cocoon that contain only sericin proteins, and a slightly heavier pupae. We also showed that removal of endogenous Bmfib-H protein could significantly increase the expression level of exogenous protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the bioreactor is suitable for large scale production of protein-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Run Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiasong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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The advances and perspectives of recombinant protein production in the silk gland of silkworm Bombyx mori. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:697-706. [PMID: 25113390 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The silk gland of silkworm Bombyx mori, is one of the most important organs that has been fully studied and utilized so far. It contributes finest silk fibers to humankind. The silk gland has excellent ability of synthesizing silk proteins and is a kind tool to produce some useful recombinant proteins, which can be widely used in the biological, biotechnical and pharmaceutical application fields. It's a very active area to express recombinant proteins using the silk gland as a bioreactor, and great progress has been achieved recently. This review recapitulates the progress of producing recombinant proteins and silk-based biomaterials in the silk gland of silkworm in addition to the construction of expression systems. Current challenges and future trends in the production of valuable recombinant proteins using transgenic silkworms are also discussed.
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Zhou W, Gong C, Xue R, Cao G, Cao J, Ye A, Weng H, Wang Y. Germline transformation of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. by sperm-mediated gene transfer. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:144. [PMID: 23100618 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori L. has important roles in basic biological research and applied science. To explore the practical use of transgenic technology in agricultural silkworm varieties, we fused the neomycin-resistance gene (Neo(R)) and the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) into the piggyBac-based transposon vector and transduced it into silkworms by sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT). Fluorescence observation indicated the positive rate of G0 egg-batches is 72.7%. After screening against the antibiotic G418, development of individual larvae in the same brood showed significant size differences. PCR detection indicated the existence of gfp and Neo(R) and confirmed the positive rate of transgenesis as 0.47%. Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of the exogenous genes in the genome of G7 larvae. These results show that our strategy is practical and markedly improves the efficiency of SMGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Zhou
- Sericulture Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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CUI LL, XUE RY, LU Y, CAO GL, GONG CL. Expression of h IL- 28A in Transgenic Silkworm Mediated by Non-transposon Vector*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2010.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Based on the idiographic character of collagenous domain of human type III collagen, a recombinant human gelatin monomeric gene (gel) was designed and synthesized. All hydrophobic amino acids (proline excluded) were replaced by hydrophilic amino acids to improve the hydrophilic properties, and the codons encoding amino acids were optimized according to Pichia pastoris bias usage. Then a recombinant human gelatin expression vector pPIC9KG6 containing six monomeric genes ligated in the same orientation was constructed successfully. After verificated the validity of construction by DNA sequencing, the recombinant vector pPIC9KG6 was electroporated into the Pichia pastoris GS115, and Mut+ pPIC9KG6 transformants were selected on the basis of G418 resistance. Then a high-level expression strain was picked up from transformants by analyzing their recombinant protein expression levels. SDS-PAGE analysis of cell lysate and fermentation supernatant of the high-level expression strain showed that recombinant human gelatin can be expressed intracellularly and secreted expression, and its expression level reaches 16.06 g per liter. Secreted recombinant human gelatin was purified from fermentation supernatant by gel filtration chromatography. By UV spectroscopy and FTIR and SEM, it was confirmed that purified recombinant human gelatin is similar to animal-derived gelatin in protein structure.
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Xue R, Chen H, Cui L, Cao G, Zhou W, Zheng X, Gong C. Expression of hGM-CSF in silk glands of transgenic silkworms using gene targeting vector. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:101-11. [PMID: 21533901 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The silk gland of the silkworm is a highly specialized organ that has the wonderful ability to synthesize and secrete silk protein. To express human granucyto-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) in the posterior silk glands of gene-targeted silkworms, a targeting vector pSK-FibL-L-A3GFP-PH-GMCSF-LPA-FibL-R was constructed, harboring a 1.2 kb portion of the left homogenous arm (FibL-L), a 0.5 kb portion of the right homogenous arm (FibL-R), fibroin H-chain-promoter-driven hGM-CSF and silkworm actin 3-promoter-driven gfp. The targeting vector was then introduced into the eggs of silkworm, and the transgenic silkworms were verified by PCR and DNA hybridization after being screened for the gfp gene. Western blotting analysis using an antibody against hGM-CSF demonstrated a specific band with a molecular weight of 22 kD in the silk glands of the G3 generation transgenic silkworms. The level of expression of hGM-CSF in the posterior silk glands of the G3 generation transgenic silkworms was approximately 2.70 ng/g of freeze-dried powdered posterior silk gland. These results showed that the heterologous gene could be introduced into the silkworm genome and expressed successfully. Further more, the exogenous genes existing in the G5 transgenic silkworm identified by PCR confirmed its integration stability. In addition, the silk glands containing expressed hGM-CSF performed the function of significantly increasing leukocyte count of CY-treated mice in a time-and-dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyu Xue
- Pre-Clinical Medical and Biological Science College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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20
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Transgenic silkworms that weave recombinant proteins into silk cocoons. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 33:645-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Effects of RGDS sequence genetically interfused in the silk fibroin light chain protein on chondrocyte adhesion and cartilage synthesis. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7503-11. [PMID: 20643479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Initial chondrocyte-silk fibroin interactions are implicated in chondrogenesis when using fibroin as a scaffold for chondrocytes. Here, we focused on integrin-mediated cell-scaffold adhesion and prepared cell adhesive fibroin in which a tandem repeat of the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) sequence was genetically interfused in the fibroin light chain (L-chain) (L-RGDSx2 fibroin). We investigated the effects of the sequence on chondrocyte adhesion and cartilage synthesis, in comparison to the effects of fibronectin. As the physicochemical surface properties (e.g., wettability and zeta potential) of the fibroin substrate were not affected by the modification, specific cell adhesion to the RGDS predominately changed the chondrocyte adhesive state. This suggestion was also supported by the competitive inhibition of chondrocyte attachment to the L-RGDSx2 fibroin substrate with soluble RGD peptides in the medium. Unlike fibronectin, the expression of RGDS in the fibroin L-chain had no effect on chondrocyte spreading area but enhanced mRNA expression levels of integrins alpha5 and beta1, and aggrecan at 12 h after seeding. Although both the sequence and fibronectin increased cell adhesive force, chondrocytes grown on the fibroin substrate exhibited a peak in the force with time in culture. These results suggested that moderate chondrocyte adhesion to fibroin induced by the RGDS sequence was able to maintain the chondrogenic phenotype and, from the histology findings, the sequence could facilitate chondrogenesis.
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Adachi T, Wang X, Murata T, Obara M, Akutsu H, Machida M, Umezawa A, Tomita M. Production of a non-triple helical collagen alpha chain in transgenic silkworms and its evaluation as a gelatin substitute for cell culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:860-70. [PMID: 20589667 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We generated transgenic silkworms that synthesized human type I collagen alpha1 chain [alpha1(I) chain] in the middle silk glands and secreted it into cocoons. The initial content of the recombinant alpha1(I) chain in the cocoons of the transgenic silkworms was 0.8%. The IE1 gene, a trans-activator from the baculovirus, was introduced into the transgenic silkworm to increase the content of the chain. We also generated silkworms homozygous for the transgenes. These manipulations increased the alpha1(I) chain content to 8.0% (4.24 mg per cocoon). The alpha1(I) chain was extracted and purified from the cocoons using a very simple method. The alpha1(I) chain contained no hydroxyprolines due to the absence of prolyl-hydroxylase activity in the silk glands. Circular dichroism analysis showed that the secondary structure of the alpha1(I) chain is similar to that of denatured type I collagen, demonstrating the absence of the triple helical structure. Human skin fibroblasts were seeded on the alpha1(I) chain-coated dishes. The cells attached and spread, although at decreased chain concentrations the spreading rate was lower than that of the collagen and gelatin. Cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cells cultured on the alpha1(I) chain-coated dishes maintained an undifferentiated state after 30 passages, and their pluripotency was confirmed by teratoma formation in severe combined immunodeficient mice. These results show that the recombinant human alpha1(I) chain is a promising candidate biomaterial as a high-quality and safe gelatin substitute for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Adachi
- Neosilk Co., Ltd., 3-13-26 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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Li Y, Cao G, Chen H, Jia H, Xue R, Gong C. Expression of the hGM-CSF in the silk glands of germline of gene-targeted silkworm. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:1427-31. [PMID: 20026302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To express human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) gene in the silk glands of transformation silkworm (Bombyx mori) based on gene-targeting, two fragments from fibroin heavy chain gene (fib-H) of silkworm were cloned and sequenced. One fragment contains the 1st exon and its downstream 1st intron's partial sequence; and the other fragment contains the 1st intron's partial sequence and the 2nd exon's partial sequence. Then the two fragments, as homologous arm, were inserted into pSK to generate a gene-targeted vector, pSK-HL-A3GFP-FLP-GM-CSF-FLPA-HR in which a gfp gene driven by A3 promoter and an hGM-CSF gene under the control of fibroin light chain (fib-L) promoter were included. The vector was transferred into the silkworm eggs using sperm-mediated gene transfer. After being screened for green fluorescent, the transformation silkworm was obtained, whose genome was verified by PCR and dot hybridization to confirm whether the target genes had been integrated into the silkworm genome. Furthermore, in the posterior silk glands of the G4 generation transformation silkworms, a specific band with the molecular weight of 22kDa could be detected by Western blotting with an antibody against hGM-CSF, and the expression level of the hGM-CSF estimated by ELISA was approximately 1.26ng per gram fresh posterior silk gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Pre-Clinical Medical and Biological Science College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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24
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Expression of hIGF-I in the silk glands of transgenic silkworms and in transformed silkworm cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 52:1131-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-009-0148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ramshaw JAM, Peng YY, Glattauer V, Werkmeister JA. Collagens as biomaterials. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20 Suppl 1:S3-S8. [PMID: 18379858 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the structure, function and applications of collagens as biomaterials. The various formats for collagens, either as tissue-based devices or as reconstituted soluble collagens are discussed. The major emphasis is on the new technologies that are emerging that will lead to new and improved collagen-based medical devices. In particular, the development of recombinant collagens, especially using microorganism systems, is allowing the development of safe and reproducible collagen products. These systems also allow for the development of novel, non-natural structures, for example collagen like structures containing repeats of key functional domains or as chimeric structures where a collagen domain is covalently linked to another biologically active component.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A M Ramshaw
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Tatematsu KI, Kobayashi I, Uchino K, Sezutsu H, Iizuka T, Yonemura N, Tamura T. Construction of a binary transgenic gene expression system for recombinant protein production in the middle silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Transgenic Res 2009; 19:473-87. [PMID: 19789990 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To construct an efficient system for the production of recombinant proteins in silkworm (Bombyx mori), we investigated the promoter activity of the silkworm sericin 1, 2, and 3 genes (Ser1, Ser2, and Ser3) using a GAL4/UAS binary gene expression system in transgenic silkworm. The promoter activity of the upstream region of Ser1 was strong, yielding high expression of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgene in the middle and posterior regions of the middle silk gland (MSG) after day 2 of the fifth instar. The Ser3 upstream region exhibited moderate promoter activity in the anterior MSG, but the Ser2 upstream region did not exhibit any promoter activity. Since the strongest promoter activity was observed for Ser1, we devised a system for the production of recombinant proteins using a GAL4-Ser1 promoter construct (Ser1-GAL4). Transgenic silkworms harboring both the Ser1-GAL4 construct and the previously reported upstream activating sequence (UAS)-EGFP construct, which contains the TATA box region of the Drosophila hsp70 gene, yielded approximately 100 microg EGFP per larva. When we then analyzed the TATA box region, signal peptide, and intron sequences for their effects on production from the UAS-EGFP construct, we found that the optimization of these sequences effectively increased production to an average of 500 microg EGFP protein per transgenic larva. We conclude that this binary system is a useful tool for the mass production of recombinant proteins of biomedical and pharmaceutical interest in silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Tatematsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
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Iizuka M, Ogawa S, Takeuchi A, Nakakita S, Kubo Y, Miyawaki Y, Hirabayashi J, Tomita M. Production of a recombinant mouse monoclonal antibody in transgenic silkworm cocoons. FEBS J 2009; 276:5806-20. [PMID: 19740109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the production of transgenic silkworms expressing a recombinant mouse mAb in their cocoons. Two transgenic lines, L- and H-, were generated that carried cDNAs encoding the L- and H-chains of a mouse IgG mAb, respectively, under the control of the enhancer-linked sericin-1 promoter. Cocoon protein analysis indicated that the IgG L- or H-chain was secreted into the cocoons of each line. We also produced a transgenic line designated L/H, which carried both cDNAs, by crossing the L- and H-lines. This line efficiently produced the recombinant mAb as a fully assembled H(2)L(2) tetramer in its cocoons, with negligible L- or H-chain monomer and H-chain dimer production. Thus, the H(2)L(2) tetramer was synthesized in, and secreted from, the middle silk gland cells. Crossing of the L/H-line with a transgenic line expressing a baculovirus-derived trans-activator produced a 2.4-fold increase in mAb expression. The recombinant mAb was extracted from the cocoons with a buffer containing 3 m urea and purified by protein G affinity column chromatography. The antigen-binding affinity of the purified recombinant mAb was identical to that of the native mAb produced by a hybridoma. Analysis of the structure of the N-glycans attached to the recombinant mAb revealed that the mAb contained high mannose-, hybrid- and complex-type N-glycans. By contrast, insect-specific paucimannose-type glycans were not detected. Fucose residues alpha-1,3- and alpha-1,6-linked to the core N-acetylglucosamine residue, both of which are found in insect N-glycans, were not observed in the N-glycans of the mAb.
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Uebersax L, Merkle HP, Meinel L. Biopolymer-Based Growth Factor Delivery for Tissue Repair: From Natural Concepts to Engineered Systems. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2009; 15:263-89. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Uebersax
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans P. Merkle
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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O'Brochta DA, Handler AM. Perspectives on the state of insect transgenics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 627:1-18. [PMID: 18510010 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78225-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic transformation is a critical component to the fundamental genetic analysis of insect species and holds great promise for establishing strains that improve population control and behavior for practical application. This is especially so for insects that are disease vectors, many of which are currently subject to genomic sequence analysis, and intensive population control measures that must be improved for better efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Transposon-mediated germ-line transformation has been the ultimate goal for most fundamental and practical studies, and impressive strides have been made in recent development of transgene vector and marker systems for several mosquito species. This has resulted in rapid advances in functional genomic sequence analysis and new strategies for biological control based on conditional lethality. Importantly, advances have also been made in our ability to use these systems more effectively in terms of enhanced stability and targeting to specific genomic loci. Nevertheless, not all insects are currently amenable to germ-line transformation techniques, and thus advances in transient somatic expression and paratransgenesis have also been critical, if not preferable for some applications. Of particular importance is how this technology will be used for practical application. Early ideas for population replacement of indigenous pests with innocuous transgenic siblings by transposon-vector spread, may require reevaluation in terms of our current knowledge of the behavior of transposons currently available for transformation. The effective implementation of any control program using released transgenics, will also benefit from broadening the perspective of these control measures as being more mainstream than exotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A O'Brochta
- University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Center for Biosystems Research, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Iizuka M, Tomita M, Shimizu K, Kikuchi Y, Yoshizato K. Translational enhancement of recombinant protein synthesis in transgenic silkworms by a 5′-untranslated region of polyhedrin gene of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Biosci Bioeng 2008; 105:595-603. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.105.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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A new method for the modification of fibroin heavy chain protein in the transgenic silkworm. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:2943-51. [PMID: 18071257 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We constructed a new plasmid vector for the production of a modified silk fibroin heavy chain protein (H-chain) in the transgenic silkworm. The plasmid (pHC-null) contained the promoter and the 3' region of a gene encoding the H-chain and the coding regions for the N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain of the H-chain. For the model protein, we cloned a foreign gene that encoded EGFP between the N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain in pHC-null and generated transgenic silkworms that produced a modified H-chain, HC-EGFP. Transgenic silkworms produced HC-EGFP in the posterior part of silk gland cells, secreted it into the lumen of the gland, and produced a cocoon with HC-EGFP as part of the fibroin proteins. N-terminal sequencing of HC-EGFP localized the signal sequence cleavage site to between positions A((21)) and N((22)). These results indicate that our new plasmid successfully produced the modified H-chain in a transgenic silkworm.
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Tomita M, Hino R, Ogawa S, Iizuka M, Adachi T, Shimizu K, Sotoshiro H, Yoshizato K. A germline transgenic silkworm that secretes recombinant proteins in the sericin layer of cocoon. Transgenic Res 2007; 16:449-65. [PMID: 17415674 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-007-9087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A silk thread of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, is composed of the insoluble inner fibroin and the hydrophilic outer sericin layer, which are synthesized in the posterior and middle silk gland (MSG), respectively. This study aimed to develop a novel sericin 1 gene (ser1) promoter-driven recombinant expression system using transgenic silkworms, in which recombinant proteins are synthesized in MSG and secreted into the sericin layer. To obtain a high level of gene expression, we tested whether a baculovirus-derived enhancer, hr3, and a trans-regulator, IE1, are capable of stimulating the transcriptional activity of the ser1 promoter, using a transient gene expression system. The results showed that hr3 and IE1 cooperatively increased the ser1 promoter activity more than 30-fold. Then, transgenic silkworms were generated which expressed the EGFP with the signal peptide in MSG under the control of the hr3-linked ser1 promoter and IE1 gene. The silkworms exclusively secreted the EGFP into the sericin layer of cocoons as predicted. The expressed EGFP was extractable from cocoons through a simple procedure with neutral pH buffer solution. The expression system developed in this study enables us to produce recombinant proteins in bulk that can be easily extracted and purified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tomita
- Yoshizato Project, Cooperative Link of Unique Science and Technology for Economy Revitalization, Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-10-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
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