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Cohen G, Hadas R, Stefania R, Pagoto A, Ben-Dor S, Kohen F, Longo D, Elbaz M, Dekel N, Gershon E, Aime S, Neeman M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Distinct Roles for Tissue Transglutaminase and Factor XIII in Maternal Angiogenesis During Early Mouse Pregnancy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1602-1613. [PMID: 31189431 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The early embryo implantation is characterized by enhanced uterine vascular permeability at the site of blastocyst attachment, followed by extracellular-matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. Two TG (transglutaminase) isoenzymes, TG2 (tissue TG) and FXIII (factor XIII), catalyze covalent cross-linking of the extracellular-matrix. However, their specific role during embryo implantation is not fully understood. Approach and Results: For mapping the distribution as well as the enzymatic activities of TG2 and FXIII towards blood-borne and resident extracellular-matrix substrates, we synthetized selective and specific low molecular weight substrate analogs for each of the isoenzymes. The implantation sites were challenged by genetically modifying the trophoblast cells in the outer layer of blastocysts, to either overexpress or deplete TG2 or FXIII, and the angiogenic response was studied by dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging. Dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging revealed a decrease in the permeability of decidual vasculature surrounding embryos in which FXIII were overexpressed in trophoblast cell. Reduction in decidual blood volume fraction was demonstrated when either FXIII or TG2 were overexpressed in embryonic trophoblast cell and was elevated when trophoblast cell was depleted of FXIII. These results were corroborated by histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we report on the isoenzyme-specific roles of TG2 and FXIII during the early days of mouse pregnancy and further reveal their involvement in decidual angiogenesis. Our results reveal an important magnetic resonance imaging-detectable function of embryo-derived TG2 and FXIII on regulating maternal angiogenesis during embryo implantation in mice.Visual Overview: An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Cohen
- From the Department of Biological Regulation (G.C., R.H., F.K., N.D., M.N.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Hadas
- From the Department of Biological Regulation (G.C., R.H., F.K., N.D., M.N.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rachele Stefania
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy (R.S., A.P., D.L., S.A.)
| | - Amerigo Pagoto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy (R.S., A.P., D.L., S.A.)
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Life Science Core Facilities (S.B.-D.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Fortune Kohen
- From the Department of Biological Regulation (G.C., R.H., F.K., N.D., M.N.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dario Longo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy (R.S., A.P., D.L., S.A.)
| | - Michal Elbaz
- Department of Ruminant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel (M.E., E.G.)
| | - Nave Dekel
- From the Department of Biological Regulation (G.C., R.H., F.K., N.D., M.N.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Gershon
- Department of Ruminant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel (M.E., E.G.)
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy (R.S., A.P., D.L., S.A.)
| | - Michal Neeman
- From the Department of Biological Regulation (G.C., R.H., F.K., N.D., M.N.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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2
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Crivianu-Gaita V, Thompson M. Aptamers, antibody scFv, and antibody Fab' fragments: An overview and comparison of three of the most versatile biosensor biorecognition elements. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:32-45. [PMID: 27155114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The choice of biosensing elements is crucial for the development of the optimal biosensor. Three of the most versatile biosensing elements are antibody single-chain Fv fragments (scFv), antibody fragment-antigen binding (Fab') units, and aptamers. This article provides an overview of these three biorecognition elements with respects to their synthesis/engineering, various immobilization techniques, and examples of their use in biosensors. Furthermore, the final section of the review compares and contrasts their characteristics (time/cost of development, ease and variability of immobilization, affinity, stability) illustrating their advantages and disadvantages. Overall, scFv fragments are found to display the highest customizability (i.e. addition of functional groups, immobilizing peptides, etc.) due to recombinant synthesis techniques. If time and cost are an issue in the development of the biosensor, Fab' fragments should be chosen as they are relatively cheap and can be developed quickly from whole antibodies (several days). However, if there are sufficient funds and time is not a factor, aptamers should be utilized as they display the greatest affinity towards their target analytes and are extremely stable (excellent biosensor regenerability).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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3
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Direct site-specific immobilization of protein A via aldehyde-hydrazide conjugation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1008:132-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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4
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Caporale A, Selis F, Sandomenico A, Jotti GS, Tonon G, Ruvo M. The LQSP tetrapeptide is a new highly efficient substrate of microbial transglutaminase for the site-specific derivatization of peptides and proteins. Biotechnol J 2014; 10:154-61. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Liu W, Wang L, Jiang R. Specific Enzyme Immobilization Approaches and Their Application with Nanomaterials. Top Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-012-9893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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6
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Ta HT, Peter K, Hagemeyer CE. Enzymatic Antibody Tagging: Toward a Universal Biocompatible Targeting Tool. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2012; 22:105-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Hoffner G, Vanhoutteghem A, André W, Djian P. Transglutaminase in epidermis and neurological disease or what makes a good cross-linking substrate. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 78:97-160. [PMID: 22220473 DOI: 10.1002/9781118105771.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Hoffner
- Unité Propre de Recherche 2228 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Régulation de la Transcription et Maladies Génétiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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8
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Itoh M, Kawamoto T, Tatsukawa H, Kojima S, Yamanishi K, Hitomi K. In situ detection of active transglutaminases for keratinocyte type (TGase 1) and tissue type (TGase 2) using fluorescence-labeled highly reactive substrate peptides. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 59:180-7. [PMID: 20876521 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.957225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase is a calcium-dependent enzyme that posttranslationally modifies proteins by cross-linking between glutamine and lysine residues or attachment of a primary amine to specific polypeptide-bound glutamine residues. Eight isozymes play essential roles in various mammalian biological processes. The authors have recently identified 12–amino acid preferred substrate peptide sequences that are highly reactive and act in an isozyme-specific manner. In this study, a rapid, isozyme-specific, and sensitive detection of active keratinocyte type (TGase 1) and tissue type (TGase 2) was successful using fluorescence-labeled peptides. This procedure involved using whole-body sections of a mouse to extensively analyze the tissue distribution of both enzymes that revealed clearly distinct patterns. Strong active TGase 1 was observed in epithelial tissues such as tongue, developing teeth, forestomach, and skin epidermis. Significantly active TGase 2 was observed in various types of tissues as predicted and at particularly higher levels in the intestinal mucosa, muscle membrane, and whole veins in the liver. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to view these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Itoh
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Japan
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9
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Moriyama K, Sung K, Goto M, Kamiya N. Immobilization of alkaline phosphatase on magnetic particles by site-specific and covalent cross-linking catalyzed by microbial transglutaminase. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:650-3. [PMID: 21398176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was site-specifically and covalently immobilized on magnetic particles (MPs) using the enzymatic reaction of microbial transglutaminase (MTG). Immobilization efficiency was affected by the chemical surface treatment of MPs and immobilized BAP exhibited more than 90% of the initial activity after 10 rounds of recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Moriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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10
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Hernandez K, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Control of protein immobilization: coupling immobilization and site-directed mutagenesis to improve biocatalyst or biosensor performance. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010; 48:107-22. [PMID: 22112819 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutagenesis and immobilization are usually considered to be unrelated techniques with potential applications to improve protein properties. However, there are several reports showing that the use of site-directed mutagenesis to improve enzyme properties directly, but also how enzymes are immobilized on a support, can be a powerful tool to improve the properties of immobilized biomolecules for use as biosensors or biocatalysts. Standard immobilizations are not fully random processes, but the protein orientation may be difficult to alter. Initially, most efforts using this idea were addressed towards controlling the orientation of the enzyme on the immobilization support, in many cases to facilitate electron transfer from the support to the enzyme in redox biosensors. Usually, Cys residues are used to directly immobilize the protein on a support that contains disulfide groups or that is made from gold. There are also some examples using His in the target areas of the protein and using supports modified with immobilized metal chelates and other tags (e.g., using immobilized antibodies). Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis to control immobilization is useful for improving the activity, the stability and even the selectivity of the immobilized protein, for example, via site-directed rigidification of selected areas of the protein. Initially, only Cys and disulfide supports were employed, but other supports with higher potential to give multipoint covalent attachment are being employed (e.g., glyoxyl or epoxy-disulfide supports). The advances in support design and the deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of enzyme-support interactions have permitted exploration of the possibilities of the coupled use of site-directed mutagenesis and immobilization in a new way. This paper intends to review some of the advances and possibilities that these coupled strategies permit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Hernandez
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Yamane A, Fukui M, Sugimura Y, Itoh M, Alea MP, Thomas V, El Alaoui S, Akiyama M, Hitomi K. Identification of a preferred substrate peptide for transglutaminase 3 and detection of in situ activity in skin and hair follicles. FEBS J 2010; 277:3564-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Sala A, Ehrbar M, Trentin D, Schoenmakers RG, Vörös J, Weber FE. Enzyme mediated site-specific surface modification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:11127-11134. [PMID: 20545368 DOI: 10.1021/la1008895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Stable tethering of bioactive peptides like RGD to surfaces can be achieved via chemical bonding, biotin streptavidin interaction, or photocross-linking. More challenging is the immobilization of proteins, since methods applied to immobilize peptides are either not specific or versatile enough or might even compromise the protein's bioactivity. To overcome this limitation, we have employed a scheme that by enzymatic (transglutaminase) reaction allows the site-directed and site-specific coupling of growth factors and other molecules to nonfouling poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) coated surfaces under physiological conditions. By our modular and flexible design principle, we are able to functionalize these surfaces directly with peptides and growth factors or precisely position poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-like hydrogels for the presentation of growth factors as exemplified with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sala
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University Hospital Zurich and Dental School, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Wong LS, Khan F, Micklefield J. Selective Covalent Protein Immobilization: Strategies and Applications. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4025-53. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8004668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shin Wong
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Farid Khan
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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14
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Kampmeier F, Ribbert M, Nachreiner T, Dembski S, Beaufils F, Brecht A, Barth S. Site-Specific, Covalent Labeling of Recombinant Antibody Fragments via Fusion to an Engineered Version of 6-O-Alkylguanine DNA Alkyltransferase. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1010-5. [DOI: 10.1021/bc9000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kampmeier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Markus Ribbert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Thomas Nachreiner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Sofia Dembski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Florent Beaufils
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Andreas Brecht
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Stefan Barth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
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Sugimura Y, Hosono M, Kitamura M, Tsuda T, Yamanishi K, Maki M, Hitomi K. Identification of preferred substrate sequences for transglutaminase 1 - development of a novel peptide that can efficiently detect cross-linking enzyme activity in the skin. FEBS J 2008; 275:5667-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Hitomi K, Kitamura M, Sugimura Y. Preferred substrate sequences for transglutaminase 2: screening using a phage-displayed peptide library. Amino Acids 2008; 36:619-24. [PMID: 18651094 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A large number of substrate proteins for tissue transglutaminase (TGase 2) have been identified in vivo and in vitro. Preference in primary sequence or secondary structure around the reactive glutamine residues in the substrate governs the reactivity for TGase 2. We established a screening system to identify preferable sequence as a glutamine-donor substrate using a phage-displayed peptide library. The results showed that several peptide sequences have higher reactivity and specificity to TGase 2 than those of preferable sequences previously reported. By analysis of the most reactive 12-amino acid sequence, T26 (HQSYVDPWMLDH), residues crucial to the enzymatic reaction were investigated. The following review summarizes the screening system and also the preference in substrate sequences that were obtained by this method and those previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Hitomi
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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Sugimura Y, Yokoyama K, Nio N, Maki M, Hitomi K. Identification of preferred substrate sequences of microbial transglutaminase from Streptomyces mobaraensis using a phage-displayed peptide library. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 477:379-83. [PMID: 18616926 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (TGase) from Streptomyces mobaraensis (MTG) has been used in many industrial applications because it effectively catalyzes the formation of covalent cross-linking between glutamine residues in various substrate proteins and lysine residues or primary amines. To better understand the sequence preference around the reactive glutamine residue by this enzymatic reaction, we screened preferred peptide sequences using a phage-displayed random peptide library. Most of the peptides identified contained a consensus sequence, which was different from those previously found for mammalian TGases. Of these, most sequences had a specific reactivity toward MTG when produced as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase. Furthermore, the representative sequence was found to be reactive even in the peptide form. The amino acid residues in the sequence critical for the reactivity were further analyzed, and the possible interaction with the enzyme has been discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sugimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
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18
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Grage K, Rehm BHA. In Vivo Production of scFv-Displaying Biopolymer Beads Using a Self-Assembly-Promoting Fusion Partner. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 19:254-62. [DOI: 10.1021/bc7003473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Grage
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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