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Sarkar P, Bandyopadhyay TK, Gopikrishna K, Nath Tiwari O, Bhunia B, Muthuraj M. Algal carbohydrates: Sources, biosynthetic pathway, production, and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131489. [PMID: 39278363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Algae play a significant role in the global carbon cycle by utilizing photosynthesis to efficiently convert solar energy and atmospheric carbon dioxide into various chemical compounds, notably carbohydrates, pigments, lipids, and released oxygen, making them a unique sustainable cellular factory. Algae mostly consist of carbohydrates, which include a broad variety of structures that contribute to their distinct physical and chemical properties such as degree of polymerization, side chain, branching, degree of sulfation, hydrogen bond etc., these features play a crucial role in regulating many biological activity, nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. Algal carbohydrates have not received enough attention in spite of their distinctive structural traits linked to certain biological and physicochemical properties. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that there will be a significant increase in the near future due to increasing demand, sustainable source, biofuel generation and their bioactivity. This is facilitated by the abundance of easily accessible information on the structural data and distinctive characteristics of these biopolymers. This review delves into the different types of saccharides such as agar, alginate, fucoidan, carrageenan, ulvan, EPS and glucans synthesized by various macroalgal and microalgal systems, which include intracellular, extracellular and cell wall saccharides. Their structure, biosynthetic pathway, sources, production strategies and their applications in various field such as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, food and feed, cosmetics, and bioenergy are also elaborately discussed. Algal polysaccharide has huge a scope for exploitation in future due to their application in food and pharmaceutical industry and it can become a huge source of capital and income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Sarkar
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India
| | | | - Konga Gopikrishna
- SEED Division, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India.
| | - Muthusivaramapandian Muthuraj
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India.
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2
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Chelladurai C, Muthiah P, Sultan MA. Influence of multi-stress factors on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus abundans using response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-35261-y. [PMID: 39417936 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the biofuel production potential of two algal species, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus abundans, under stress conditions induced by nutrient supplementation or starvation at varying light intensities. Central composite face-centered design response surface methodology (CCFD-RSM) was employed to optimize stress conditions by varying the sodium nitrate (NaNO3), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), cultivation time, and light intensity. The study included both C. pyrenoidosa and S. abundans, which presented increased biomass yields when subjected to nutrient starvation. Under the optimized conditions, the dry biomass yield was 98.26 mg/L for C. pyrenoidosa and 110 mg/L for S. abundans. Lipid yields were approximately 22.47% for C. pyrenoidosa and 29.06% for S. abundans under these optimized growth conditions. The optimized parameters for maximum biomass and lipid production were identified as C. pyrenoidosa, and the optimized conditions required 0.805 g/L NaNO3, 0.052 g/L K2HPO4, 0.099 g/L KH2PO4, 17 days of culture, and 5168.39 lx of light intensity. For S. abundans, the optimal conditions were 1.065 g/L NaNO3, 0.071 g/L K2HPO4, 0.058 g/L KH2PO4, 22 days of cultivation, and 2897 lx of light intensity. Overall, both C. pyrenoidosa and S. abundans have emerged as promising candidates for sustainable biodiesel production, highlighting their potential under stress conditions induced by nutrient modulation and variable light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chellamboli Chelladurai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India.
| | - Perumalsamy Muthiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India
| | - Mohamed Arshath Sultan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Josesph College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
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3
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Zerafati ME, Bozorgi-Amiri A, Golmohammadi AM, Jolai F. RETRACTED ARTICLE: A multi-objective mixed integer linear programming model proposed to optimize a supply chain network for microalgae-based biofuels and co-products: a case study in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47421. [PMID: 35301627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Bozorgi-Amiri
- School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Kargar, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fariborz Jolai
- School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Kargar, Tehran, Iran
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Hull T, King KJ, Kruger JS, Christensen ED, Chamas A, Pienkos PT, Dong T. Nutrient Recovery from Algae Using Mild Oxidative Treatment and Ion Exchange. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:8573-8580. [PMID: 38845760 PMCID: PMC11151276 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Valorization of algal biomass to fuels and chemicals frequently requires pretreatment to lyse cells and extract lipids, leaving behind an extracted solid residue as an underutilized intermediate. Mild oxidative treatment (MOT) is a promising route to simultaneously convert nitrogen contained in these residues to easily recyclable ammonium and to convert carbon in the same fraction to biofuel precursor carboxylates. We show that for a Nannochloropsis algae under certain oxidation conditions, nearly all the nitrogen in the residues can be converted to ammonium and recovered by cation exchange, while up to ∼20% of the carbon can be converted to short chain carboxylates. At the same time, we also show that soluble phosphorus in the form of phosphate can be selectively recovered by anion exchange, leaving a clean aqueous carbon stream for further upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias
C. Hull
- Advanced
Energy Systems Graduate Program, Colorado
School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United
States
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kameron J. King
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Jacob S. Kruger
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Earl D. Christensen
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ali Chamas
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Philip T. Pienkos
- Matereal,
Inc. 1007 Savannah Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15227, United States
| | - Tao Dong
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Ro JW, Yothers C, Kendall A, Franz A, Zhang R. Economic and environmental performance of microalgal energy products - A case study exploring circular bioeconomy principles applied to recycled anaerobic digester waste flows. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120802. [PMID: 38599084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
This study quantifies the financial and environmental impacts of a microalgal bioenergy system that attempts to maximize circular flows by recovering and reusing the carbon, nutrients, and water within the system. The system produces microalgal biomass using liquid digestate of an anaerobic digester that processes 45 metric tons of food waste and generates 28.6 m3 of permeate daily in California, and three energy production scenarios from the biomass are considered: producing biodiesel, electricity, and both. In all scenarios, the resulting energy products delivered only modest reductions in environmental impacts as measured by carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. The carbon intensities (CIs) of biodiesel from this study were 91.0 gCO2e/MJ and 93.3 gCO2e/MJ, which were lower than 94.71 gCO2e/MJ of conventional petroleum diesel, and the CI of electricity from this study was 70.6 gCO2e/MJ, lower than the average electricity grid CI in California (82.92 gCO2e/MJ). The economic analysis results show that generating electricity alone can be profitable, while biodiesel produced via this system is not cost competitive with conventional diesel due to high capital expenses. Thus, generating electricity in lieu of biodiesel appears to be a better option to maximize the use of waste flows and supply lower-carbon energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Ro
- Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
| | - Cody Yothers
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
| | - Alissa Kendall
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
| | - Annaliese Franz
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
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Singh D, Rani R, Sharma AK, Gupta RP, Ramakumar SSV, Mathur AS. Extraction, separation and purification of fatty acid ethyl esters for biodiesel and DHA from Thraustochytrid biomass. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300350. [PMID: 38135869 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for in situ transesterification, extraction, separation, and purification of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) for biodiesel and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from Thraustochytrid biomass has been developed. The downstream processing of Thraustochytrids oil necessitates optimization, considering the higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). While two-step methods are commonly employed for extracting and transesterifying oil from oleaginous microbes, this may result in oxidation/epoxidation of omega-3 oil due to prolonged exposure to heat and oxygen. To address this issue, a rapid single-step method was devised for in situ transesterification of Thraustochytrid oil. Through further process optimization, a 50% reduction in solvent requirement was achieved without significantly impacting fatty acid recovery or composition. Scale-up studies in a 4 L reactor demonstrated complete FAEE recovery (99.98% of total oil) from biomass, concurrently enhancing DHA yield from 16% to nearly 22%. The decolorization of FAEE oil with fuller's earth effectively removed impurities such as pigments, secondary metabolites, and waxes, resulting in a clear, shiny appearance. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that the eluted DHA was over 94.5% pure, as corroborated by GC-FID analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Singh
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, India
| | - Rekha Rani
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, India
| | - Ajay K Sharma
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, India
| | - Ravi P Gupta
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, India
| | - Sankara Sri Venkata Ramakumar
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, India
| | - Anshu S Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, India
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7
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Zhang X, An L, Tian J, Ji B, Lu J, Liu Y. Microalgal capture of carbon dioxide: A carbon sink or source? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129824. [PMID: 37852507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly evolving global warming is triggering all levels of actions to reduce industrial carbon emissions, while capturing carbon dioxide of industrial origin via microalgae has attracted increasing attention. This article attempted to offer preliminary analysis on the carbon capture potential of microalgal cultivation. It was shown that the energy consumption-associated with operation and nutrient input could significantly contribute to indirect carbon emissions, making the microalgal capture of carbon dioxide much less effective. In fact, the current microalgae processes may not be environmentally sustainable and economically viable in the scenario where the carbon footprints of both upstream and downstream processing are considered. To address these challenging issues, renewable energy (e.g., solar energy) and cheap nutrient source (e.g., municipal wastewater) should be explored to cut off the indirect carbon emissions of microalgae cultivation, meanwhile produced microalgae, without further processing, should be ideally used as biofertilizer or aquafeeds for realizing complete nutrients recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Low-Carbon Unconventional Water Resources Utilization and Water Quality Assurance, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei An
- Engineering Laboratory of Low-Carbon Unconventional Water Resources Utilization and Water Quality Assurance, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Junli Tian
- Engineering Laboratory of Low-Carbon Unconventional Water Resources Utilization and Water Quality Assurance, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jinfeng Lu
- Engineering Laboratory of Low-Carbon Unconventional Water Resources Utilization and Water Quality Assurance, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Engineering Laboratory of Low-Carbon Unconventional Water Resources Utilization and Water Quality Assurance, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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8
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Sengupta SL, Chaudhuri RG, Dutta S. A critical review on phycoremediation of pollutants from wastewater-a novel algae-based secondary treatment with the opportunities of production of value-added products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:114844-114872. [PMID: 37919498 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Though the biological treatment employing bacterial strains has wide application in effluent treatment plant, it has got several limitations. Researches hence while looking for alternative biological organisms that can be used for secondary treatment came up with the idea of using microalgae. Since then, a large number of microalgal/cyanobacterial strains have been identified that can efficiently remove pollutants from wastewater. Some researchers also found out that the algal biomass not only acts as a carbon sink by taking up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and giving oxygen but also is a renewable source of several value-added products that can be extracted from it for the commercial use. In this work, the cleaning effect of different species of microalgae/cyanobacteria on wastewater from varied sources along with the value-added products obtained from the algal biomass as observed by researchers during the past few years are reviewed. While a number of review works in the field of phycoremediation technology was reported in literature, a comprehensive study on phycoremediation of wastewater from different industries and household individually is limited. In the present review work, the efficiency of diverse microalgal/cyanobacterial strains in treatment of wide range of industrial effluents along with municipal wastewater having multi-pollutants has been critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Laxmi Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Rajib Ghosh Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Susmita Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
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9
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Shayesteh H, Jenkins SN, Moheimani NR, Bolan N, Bühlmann CH, Gurung SK, Vadiveloo A, Bahri PA, Mickan BS. Nitrogen dynamics and biological processes in soil amended with microalgae grown in abattoir digestate to recover nutrients. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118467. [PMID: 37421817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of microalgae for nutrient recovery from wastewater and subsequent conversion of the harvested biomass into fertilizers offers a sustainable approach towards creating a circular economy. Nonetheless, the process of drying the harvested microalgae represents an additional cost, and its impact on soil nutrient cycling compared to wet algal biomass is not thoroughly understood. To investigate this, a 56-day soil incubation experiment was conducted to compare the effects of wet and dried Scenedesmus sp. microalgae on soil chemistry, microbial biomass, CO2 respiration, and bacterial community diversity. The experiment also included control treatments with glucose, glucose + ammonium nitrate, and no fertilizer addition. The Illumina Mi-Seq platform was used to profile the bacterial community and in-silico analysis was performed to assess the functional genes involved in N and C cycling processes. The maximum CO2 respiration and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentration of dried microalgae treatment were 17% and 38% higher than those of paste microalgae treatment, respectively. NH4+ and NO3- released slowly and through decomposition of microalgae by soil microorganisms as compared to synthetic fertilizer control. The results indicate that heterotrophic nitrification may contribute to nitrate production for both microalgae amendments, as evidenced by low amoA gene abundance and a decrease in ammonium with an increase in nitrate concentration. Additionally, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) may be contributing to ammonium production in the wet microalgae amendment, as indicated by an increase in nrfA gene and ammonium concentration. This is a significant finding because DNRA leads to N retention in agricultural soils instead of N loss via nitrification and denitrification. Thus, further processing the microalgae through drying or dewetting may not be favorable for fertilizer production as the wet microalgae appeared to promote DNRA and N retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Shayesteh
- Algae R&D Centre, School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sasha N Jenkins
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, And UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, And UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Christopher H Bühlmann
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
| | - Sun Kumar Gurung
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, And UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Algae R&D Centre, School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Parisa A Bahri
- Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Discipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Bede S Mickan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, And UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia; Richgro Garden Products, 203 Acourt Rd, Jandakot, WA 6164, Australia
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Mamun MAA, Hayashi S, Papry RI, Miki O, Rahman IMM, Mashio AS, Hasegawa H. Influence of Different Arsenic Species on the Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation of Arsenic by Sargassum horneri C. Agardh: Effects under Different Phosphate Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98246-98260. [PMID: 37606771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The growth response and incorporation of As into the Sargassum horneri was evaluated for up to 7 days using either arsenate (As(V)), arsenite (As(III)) or methylarsonate (MMAA(V) and DMAA(V)) at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 μM with various phosphate (P) levels (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 μM). Except As(III), algal chlorophyll fluorescence was almost similar and insignificant, regardless of whether different concentrations of P or As(V) or MMAA(V) or DMAA(V) were provided (p > 0.05). As(III) at higher concentrations negatively affected algal growth rate, though concentrations of all As species had significant effects on growth rate (p < 0.01). Growth studies indicated that toxicity and sensitivity of As species to the algae followed the trend: As(III) > As(V) > MMAA(V) ~ DMAA(V). As bioaccumulation was varied significantly depending on the increasing concentrations of all As species and increasing P levels considerably affected As(V) uptake but no other As species uptake (p < 0.01). The algae accumulated As(V) and As(III) more efficiently than MMAA(V) and DMAA(V). At equal concentrations of As (4 μM) and P (0 μM), the alga was able to accumulate 638.2 ± 71.3, 404.1 ± 70.6, 176.7 ± 19.6, and 205.6 ± 33.2 nM g-1 dry weight of As from As(V), As(III), MMAA(V), and DMAA(V), respectively. The influence of low P levels with increased As(V) concentrations more steeply increased As uptake, but P on other As species did not display similar trends. The algae also showed passive modes for As adsorption of all As species. The maximum adsorption of As (63.7 ± 6.1 nM g-1 dry weight) was found due to 4 μM As(V) exposure, which was 2.5, 7.3, and 6.9 times higher than the adsorption amounts for the same concentration of As(III), MMAA(V), and DMAA(V) exposure, respectively. The bioavailability and accumulation behaviors of As were significantly influenced by P and As species, and this information is essential for As research on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdullah Al Mamun
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- Department of Soil Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh.
| | - Shuhei Hayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Rimana Islam Papry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Department of Environmental Science, IUBAT- International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Osamu Miki
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ismail M M Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Asami S Mashio
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Kligerman DC, Zanatta AS, Toledo GDA, Nogueira JMDR. Path toward Sustainability in Wastewater Management in Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6597. [PMID: 37623180 PMCID: PMC10454515 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Developing countries have not carried out the adequate management of wastewater and are a long way off meeting the sustainability goal of universal access to safely managed sanitation services by 2030. This article discusses sustainability in wastewater management and conducts a narrative literature review to analyze four stages on the path toward sustainability: (1) the prevention of or reduction in pollution at the source; (2) wastewater collection and treatment; (3) using wastewater as an alternative source of water; and (4) the recovery of useful by-products. It also provides an overview of wastewater management in Brazil and shows the advantages of using wastewater to produce biofuel in a country in which 48.3% of energy production comes from renewable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Cynamon Kligerman
- Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Ambiental (DSSA) (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil;
| | - Aline Stelling Zanatta
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos (ICTB), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Graziella de Araújo Toledo
- Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Ambiental (DSSA) (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil;
| | - Joseli Maria da Rocha Nogueira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia do Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB) (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil;
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Böhm J, Kauss K, Michl K, Engelhardt L, Brouwer EM, Hagemann M. Impact of the carbon flux regulator protein pirC on ethanol production in engineered cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1238737. [PMID: 37649635 PMCID: PMC10465007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1238737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Future sustainable energy production can be achieved using mass cultures of photoautotrophic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria, which are engineered to synthesize valuable products directly from CO2 and sunlight. For example, strains of the model organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 have been generated to produce ethanol. Here, we performed a study to prove the hypothesis that carbon flux in the direction of pyruvate is one bottleneck to achieve high ethanol titers in cyanobacteria. Ethanol-producing strains of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were generated that bear mutation in the gene pirC aiming to increase carbon flux towards pyruvate. The strains were cultivated at different nitrogen or carbon conditions and the ethanol production was analysed. Generally, a clear correlation between growth rate and ethanol production was found. The mutation of pirC, however, had only a positive impact on ethanol titers under nitrogen depletion. The increase in ethanol was accompanied by elevated pyruvate and lowered glycogen levels indicating that the absence of pirC indeed increased carbon partitioning towards lower glycolysis. Metabolome analysis revealed that this change in carbon flow had also a marked impact on the overall primary metabolism in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Deletion of pirC improved ethanol production under specific conditions supporting the notion that a better understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in cyanobacterial carbon partitioning is needed to engineer more productive cyanobacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Böhm
- Department Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karsten Kauss
- Department Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaudia Michl
- Department Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lisa Engelhardt
- Department Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Brouwer
- Department Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Department Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Ji C, Wang H, Cui H, Zhang C, Li R, Liu T. Characterization and evaluation of substratum material selection for microalgal biofilm cultivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2707-2721. [PMID: 36922440 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm cultivation is considered a promising method to achieve higher microalgae biomass productivity with less water consumption and easier harvest compared to conventional suspended cultivation. However, studies focusing on the selection of substratum material and optimization of the growth of certain microalgae species on specific substratum are limited. This study investigated the selection of membranous and fabric fiber substrata for the attachment of unicellular microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus and filamentous microalgae Tribonema minus in biofilm cultivation. The results indicated that both algal species preferred hydrophilic membranous substrata and nitrate cellulose/cellulose acetate membrane (CN-CA) was selected as a suitable candidate on which the obtained biomass yields were up to 10.24 and 7.81 g m-2 day-1 for S. dimorphus and T. minus, respectively. Furthermore, high-thread cotton fiber (HCF) and low-thread polyester fiber (LPEF) were verified as the potential fabric fiber substrata for S. dimorphus (5.42 g m-2 day-1) and T. minus (5.49 g m-2 day-1) attachment, respectively. The regrowth of microalgae biofilm cultivation strategy was applied to optimize the algae growth on the fabric fiber substrata, with higher biomass density and shear resistibility achieved for both algal species. The present data highlight the importance to establish the standards for selection the suitable substratum materials in ensuring the high efficiency and sustainability of the attached microalgal biomass production. KEY POINTS: • CN-CA was suitable membranous substratum candidate for algal biofilm cultivation. • HCF and LPEF were potential fabric fiber substrata for S. dimorphus and T. minus. • Regrowth biofilm cultivation was effective in improving algal biomass and attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Ji
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Hongli Cui
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
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14
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LaPanse AJ, Burch TA, Tamburro JM, Traller JC, Pinowska A, Posewitz MC. Adaptive laboratory evolution for increased temperature tolerance of the diatom Nitzschia inconspicua. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1343. [PMID: 36825881 PMCID: PMC9791160 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Outdoor microalgal cultivation for the production of valuable biofuels and bioproducts typically requires high insolation and strains with high thermal (>37°C) tolerance. While some strains are naturally thermotolerant, other strains of interest require improved performance at elevated temperatures to enhance industrial viability. In this study, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was performed for over 300 days using consecutive 0.5°C temperature increases in a constant temperature incubator to attain greater thermal tolerance in the industrially relevant diatom Nitzschia inconspicua str. Hildebrandi. The adapted strain was able to grow at a constant temperature of 37.5°C; whereas this constant temperature was lethal to the parental control, which had an upper-temperature boundary of 35.5°C before adaptive evolution. Several high-temperature clonal isolates were obtained from the evolved population following ALE, and increased temperature tolerance was observed in the clonal, parent, and non-clonal adapted cultures. This ALE method demonstrates the development of enhanced industrial algal strains without the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyson A. Burch
- Department of ChemistryColorado School of MinesGoldenColoradoUSA
| | - Jacob M. Tamburro
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences and EngineeringColorado School of MinesGoldenColoradoUSA
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15
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Canelli G, Abiusi F, Vidal AG, Canziani S, Mathys A. Amino acid profile and protein bioaccessibility of two Galdieria sulphuraria strains cultivated autotrophically and mixotrophically in pilot-scale photobioreactors. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2023.103287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Casanova LM, Mendes LBB, Corrêa TDS, da Silva RB, Joao RR, Macrae A, Vermelho AB. Development of Microalgae Biodiesel: Current Status and Perspectives. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010034. [PMID: 36677325 PMCID: PMC9862501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are regarded as a promising source of biodiesel. In contrast with conventional crops currently used to produce commercial biodiesel, microalgae can be cultivated on non-arable land, besides having a higher growth rate and productivity. However, microalgal biodiesel is not yet regarded as economically competitive, compared to fossil fuels and crop-based biodiesel; therefore, it is not commercially produced. This review provides an overall perspective on technologies with the potential to increase efficiency and reduce the general costs of biodiesel production from microalgae. Opportunities and challenges for large-scale production are discussed. We present the current scenario of Brazilian research in the field and show a successful case in the research and development of microalgal biodiesel in open ponds by Petrobras. This publicly held Brazilian corporation has been investing in research in this sector for over a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Marques Casanova
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.M.C.); (A.B.V.)
| | | | - Thamiris de Souza Corrêa
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Richard Joao
- Centro de Pesquisa Leopoldo Miguez de Mello, Petrobrás, Rio de Janeiro 21941-915, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrew Macrae
- Sustainable Biotechnology and Microbial Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.M.C.); (A.B.V.)
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Ruffing AM, Davis RW, Lane TW. Advances in engineering algae for biofuel production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102830. [PMID: 36332347 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While algae demonstrate potential as a sustainable fuel source, low productivities limit the economic realization of algal biofuels. High-throughput strain engineering, omics-informed genome-scale modeling, and microbiome engineering are key technologies for enabling algal biofuels. High-throughput strain engineering efforts generate improved traits, including high biomass productivity and lipid content, in diverse algal species. Genome-scale models, constructed with the aid of omics data, provide insight into metabolic limitations and guide rational algal strain engineering efforts. As outdoor cultivation systems introduce exogenous organisms, microbiome engineering seeks to eliminate harmful organisms and introduce beneficial species. Optimizing algal biomass production and lipid content using these technologies may overcome the productivity barrier for the commercialization of algal biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Ruffing
- Sandia National Laboratories, Molecular and Microbiology, P.O. Box 5800, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Ryan W Davis
- Sandia National Laboratories, Bioresource and Environmental Security, P.O. Box 969, MS 9292, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Todd W Lane
- Sandia National Laboratories, Bioresource and Environmental Security, P.O. Box 969, MS 9292, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
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18
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Development of shuttle vectors for rapid prototyping of engineered Synechococcus sp. PCC7002. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8169-8181. [PMID: 36401644 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are of particular interest for chemical production as they can assimilate CO2 and use solar energy to power chemical synthesis. However, unlike the model microorganism of Escherichia coli, the availability of genetic toolboxes for rapid proof-of-concept studies in cyanobacteria is generally lacking. In this study, we first characterized a set of promoters to efficiently drive gene expressions in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002. We identified that the endogenous cpcBA promoter represented one of the strongest promoters in PCC7002. Next, a set of shuttle vectors was constructed based on the endogenous pAQ1 plasmid to facilitate the rapid pathway assembly. Moreover, we used the shuttle vectors to modularly optimize the amorpha-4,11-diene synthesis in PCC7002. By modularly optimizing the metabolic pathway, we managed to redistribute the central metabolism toward the amorpha-4,11-diene production in PCC7002 with enhanced product titer. Taken together, the plasmid toolbox developed in this study will greatly accelerate the generation of genetically engineered PCC7002. KEY POINTS: • Promoter characterization revealed that the endogenous cpcBA promoter represented one of the strongest promoters in PCC7002 • A set of shuttle vectors with different antibiotic selection markers was constructed based on endogenous pAQ1 plasmid • By modularly optimizing the metabolic pathway, amorpha-4,11-diene production in PCC7002 was improved.
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Ma J, Guo T, Ren M, Chen L, Song X, Zhang W. Cross-feeding between cyanobacterium Synechococcus and Escherichia coli in an artificial autotrophic–heterotrophic coculture system revealed by integrated omics analysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:69. [PMID: 35733176 PMCID: PMC9219151 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Light-driven consortia, which consist of sucrose-secreting cyanobacteria and heterotrophic species, have attracted considerable attention due to their capability for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals directly from CO2. In a previous study, we achieved a one-step conversion of sucrose secreted from cyanobacteria to fine chemicals by constructing an artificial coculture system consisting of sucrose-secreting Synechococcus elongateus cscB+ and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) producing Escherichia coli ABKm. Analyses of the coculture system showed that the cyanobacterial cells grew better than their corresponding axenic cultures. To explore the underlying mechanism and to identify the metabolic nodes with the potential to further improve the coculture system, we conducted integrated transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Results We first explored how the relieved oxidative stress affected cyanobacterial cell growth in a coculture system by supplementing additional ascorbic acid to CoBG-11 medium. We found that the cell growth of cyanobacteria was clearly improved with an additional 1 mM ascorbic acid under axenic culture; however, its growth was still slower than that in the coculture system, suggesting that the improved growth of Synechococcus cscB+ may be caused by multiple factors, including reduced oxidative stress. To further explore the cellular responses of cyanobacteria in the system, quantitative transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics were applied to Synechococcus cscB+. Analyses of differentially regulated genes/proteins and the abundance change of metabolites in the photosystems revealed that the photosynthesis of the cocultured Synechococcus cscB+ was enhanced. The decreased expression of the CO2 transporter suggested that the heterotrophic partner in the system might supplement additional CO2 to support the cell growth of Synechococcus cscB+. In addition, the differentially regulated genes and proteins involved in the nitrogen and phosphate assimilation pathways suggested that the supply of phosphate and nitrogen in the Co-BG11 medium might be insufficient. Conclusion An artificial coculture system capable of converting CO2 to fine chemicals was established and then analysed by integrated omics analysis, which demonstrated that in the coculture system, the relieved oxidative stress and increased CO2 availability improved the cell growth of cyanobacteria. In addition, the results also showed that the supply of phosphate and nitrogen in the Co-BG11 medium might be insufficient, which paves a new path towards the optimization of the coculture system in the future. Taken together, these results from the multiple omics analyses provide strong evidence that beneficial interactions can be achieved from cross-feeding and competition between phototrophs and prokaryotic heterotrophs and new guidelines for engineering more intelligent artificial consortia in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02163-5.
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20
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Maximizing Nitrogen Removal and Lipid Production by Microalgae under Mixotrophic Growth Using Response Surface Methodology: Towards Enhanced Biodiesel Production. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to optimize synthetic wastewater composition as a mixotrophic medium for enhanced growth and lipid accumulation coupled with high nitrogen removal by the green microalga Chlorella sp. Individual effects of the three main independent variables (nitrate concentration, seawater ratio, and glycerol supplementation) were tested initially, then response surface methodology (RSM) was subsequently performed to explore the optimum combined conditions. The highest lipid productivity of 37.60 mg/L day was recorded at 25% seawater. Glycerol supplementation enhanced both lipid content and biomass production, which resulted in the highest recorded lipid productivity of 42.61 mg/L day at 4 g/L glycerol. Central composite design followed by numerical optimization was further applied which suggested NaNO3 concentration at 101.5 mg/L, seawater ration of 23.8%, and glycerol supplementation of 0.25 g/L as the optimum conditions for dual maximum lipid productivity and nitrogen removal of 46.9 mg/L day and 98.0%, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, dry weight and lipid content increased by 31.9% and 20.3%, respectively, over the control, which resulted in increase in lipid productivity by 71.5%. In addition, optimization process resulted in pronounced changes in fatty acid proportions where saturated fatty acids increased by 7.4% in the optimized culture with simultaneous reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The estimated biodiesel characteristics calculated from the fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) profile showed agreement with the international standards, while optimized cultures showed an 8.5% lower degree of unsaturation, which resulted in higher cetane numbers and lower iodine values. This study provides economical approach for optimization and efficient nutrient recycling through cultivation of Chlorella sp. for further enhanced biodiesel production.
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Ganesh Saratale R, Ponnusamy VK, Jeyakumar RB, Sirohi R, Piechota G, Shobana S, Dharmaraja J, Lay CH, Dattatraya Saratale G, Seung Shin H, Ashokkumar V. Microalgae cultivation strategies using cost-effective nutrient sources: Recent updates and progress towards biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127691. [PMID: 35926554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scientists are grabbing huge attention as well as consciousness on non-renewable energy sources for the global energy crises because of gradual increase in oil price, fast depletion or low availability of resources, and the release of more toxic-gases (CO2, SOx, NxO) during exhaustion, etc. Due to such hitches, the key need is to find alternative biofuels or feedstocks to replace fossil fuel energy demands worldwide. Currently, microalgae have become intrigued feedstock candidates (3rd generation source of biofuel) to replace nearly 50-60 % of fossil fuels due to high production of biomass and oil, mitigating CO2 and wastewater remediation. The present work demonstrated the current developments and future perspectives on large-scale algal cultivation strategies for the biorefinery economy. In addition, various advanced cultivation techniques adopted for enhanced biomass production and cost-effective methods for bioenergy production were detailly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, and Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grzegorz Piechota
- GP CHEM. Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, Legionów 40a/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Sutha Shobana
- Green Technology and Sustainable Development in Construction Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Jeyaprakash Dharmaraja
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanities, AAA College of Engineering and Technology, Amathur 626005, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chyi-How Lay
- Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
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Verma R, Suthar S, Chand N, Mutiyar PK. Phycoremediation of milk processing wastewater and lipid-rich biomass production using Chlorella vulgaris under continuous batch system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155110. [PMID: 35398125 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study compiles the results of phycoremediation of milk processing wastewater (MPWW) and production of lipid-rich Chlorella vulgaris biomass using a continuous batch system operated for 12-wks. After a 4-wks interval, a new MPWW was loaded photobioreactor to provide appropriate nutrient supply to algae. Results indicated that MPWW supported the algal growth efficiently and the maximum algal growth was recorded in the ranges of 400.36 to 421.58 mg L-1 during 4-wk's of the cultivation cycle. Average reduction in total nitrogen, TN (45.82-69.18%); nitrate, NO3 (93.32-94.54%); total ammonium nitrogen, TAN (92.94-94.54%); sulphate, SO4-2 (85.13-87.34%); total phosphorus (75.09-78.78%); and biochemical oxygen demands, BOD (89.53-92.40%) was recorded during 12-wks phycoremediation of MPWW. Harvested algal biomass (dry weight basis, DW) exhibited a significant content of total sugar (45.5%) and total lipid (39.7%). The lipid profiling results indicated the presence of palmitic acid (39.9%), oleic acid (21.08%), linoleic acid (13.13%), and other C18 compounds in algal biomass, suggesting the suitability of MPWW for Chlorella vulgaris cultivations. Algal biomass exhibited a high heating value (MJ/Kg of DW) in the range of 17.3 to 25.1, comparable to other lignocellulose biomass to be used for bioenergy purposes. Results of this study indicate that MPWW could be utilized as a valuable medium for Chlorella vulgaris cultivation under a circular economy approach: wastewater treatment and bioenergy feedstock production. The effect of controlled environmental conditions on algal growth behavior and lipid composition in biomass, while using MPWW as a medium, could be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Verma
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India; DST Centre for Policy Research, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Naveen Chand
- Environmental Engineering Research Group, National Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110040, India
| | - Pravin K Mutiyar
- National Mission for Clean Ganges, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganges Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Sakti, Government of India, New Delhi, India
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Dvoretsky DS, Temnov MS, Markin IV, Ustinskaya YV, Es’kova MA. Problems in the Development of Efficient Biotechnology for the Synthesis of Valuable Components from Microalgae Biomass. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579522040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Liu D, Zeng Y, Tang S, Han Y, Jiang Y, Cai Z. A growth-boosting synergistic mechanism of Chromochloris zofingiensis under mixotrophy. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Babich O, Dolganyuk V, Andreeva A, Katserov D, Matskova L, Ulrikh E, Ivanova S, Michaud P, Sukhikh S. Isolation of Valuable Biological Substances from Microalgae Culture. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111654. [PMID: 35681404 PMCID: PMC9180597 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for purifying, detecting, and characterizing protein concentrate, carbohydrates, lipids, and neutral fats from the microalgae were developed as a result of research. Microalgae were collected from natural sources (water, sand, soil of the Kaliningrad region, Russia). Microalgae were identified based on morphology and polymerase chain reaction as Chlorella vulgaris Beijer, Arthrospira platensis Gomont, Arthrospira platensis (Nordst.) Geitl., and Dunaliella salina Teod. The protein content in all microalgae samples was determined using a spectrophotometer. The extracts were dried by spray freeze drying. Pressure acid hydrolysis with 1% sulfuric acid was determined to be the most effective method for extracting carbohydrates from microalgae biomass samples. The highest yield of carbohydrates (more than 56%) was obtained from A. platensis samples. The addition of carbohydrates to the cultivation medium increased the accumulation of fatty acids in microalgae, especially in Chlorella. When carbohydrates were introduced to nutrient media, neutral lipids increased by 10.9%, triacylglycerides by 10.9%, fatty acids by 13.9%, polar lipids by 3.1%, unsaponifiable substances by 13.1%, chlorophyllides by 12.1%, other impurities by 8.9% on average for all microalgae. It was demonstrated that on average the content of myristic acid increased by 10.8%, palmitic acid by 10.4%, oleic acid by 10.0%, stearic acid by 10.1%, and linoleic acid by 5.7% in all microalgae samples with the addition of carbohydrates to nutrient media. It was established that microalgae samples contained valuable components (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, minerals). Thereby the study of the composition of lipids and fatty acids in microalgae, as well as the influence of carbohydrates in the nutrient medium on lipid accumulation, is a promising direction for scientific research in the fields of physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, genetics, space biology and feed additive production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia; (O.B.); (V.D.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Vyacheslav Dolganyuk
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia; (O.B.); (V.D.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Anna Andreeva
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia; (O.B.); (V.D.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Dmitriy Katserov
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia; (O.B.); (V.D.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia; (O.B.); (V.D.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Elena Ulrikh
- Institute of Agroengineering and Food System, Kaliningrad State Technical University, Soviet Avenue 1, Kaliningrad 236022, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
- Department of General Mathematics and Informatics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (P.M.); Tel.: +7-384-239-6832 (S.I.); +33-47-340-7425 (P.M.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (P.M.); Tel.: +7-384-239-6832 (S.I.); +33-47-340-7425 (P.M.)
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia; (O.B.); (V.D.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
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Popa DG, Lupu C, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Oancea F. Humic Substances as Microalgal Biostimulants—Implications for Microalgal Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050327. [PMID: 35621978 PMCID: PMC9143693 DOI: 10.3390/md20050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) act as biostimulants for terrestrial photosynthetic organisms. Their effects on plants are related to specific HS features: pH and redox buffering activities, (pseudo)emulsifying and surfactant characteristics, capacity to bind metallic ions and to encapsulate labile hydrophobic molecules, ability to adsorb to the wall structures of cells. The specific properties of HS result from the complexity of their supramolecular structure. This structure is more dynamic in aqueous solutions/suspensions than in soil, which enhances the specific characteristics of HS. Therefore, HS effects on microalgae are more pronounced than on terrestrial plants. The reported HS effects on microalgae include increased ionic nutrient availability, improved protection against abiotic stress, including against various chemical pollutants and ionic species of potentially toxic elements, higher accumulation of value-added ingredients, and enhanced bio-flocculation. These HS effects are similar to those on terrestrial plants and could be considered microalgal biostimulant effects. Such biostimulant effects are underutilized in current microalgal biotechnology. This review presents knowledge related to interactions between microalgae and humic substances and analyzes the potential of HS to enhance the productivity and profitability of microalgal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Gabriela Popa
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Mărăști Blv, No. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carmen Lupu
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.-A.); (F.O.)
| | - Florin Oancea
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Mărăști Blv, No. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.-A.); (F.O.)
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Salty Twins: Salt-Tolerance of Terrestrial Cyanocohniella Strains (Cyanobacteria) and Description of C. rudolphia sp. nov. Point towards a Marine Origin of the Genus and Terrestrial Long Distance Dispersal Patterns. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050968. [PMID: 35630411 PMCID: PMC9144741 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to adapt to wide ranges of environmental conditions coupled with their long evolution has allowed cyanobacteria to colonize almost every habitat on Earth. Modern taxonomy tries to track not only this diversification process but also to assign individual cyanobacteria to specific niches. It was our aim to work out a potential niche concept for the genus Cyanocohniella in terms of salt tolerance. We used a strain based on the description of C. rudolphia sp. nov. isolated from a potash tailing pile (Germany) and for comparison C. crotaloides that was isolated from sandy beaches (The Netherlands). The taxonomic position of C. rudolphia sp. nov. was evaluated by phylogenetic analysis and morphological descriptions of its life cycle. Salt tolerance of C. rudolphia sp. nov. and C. crotaloides was monitored with cultivation assays in liquid medium and on sand under salt concentrations ranging from 0% to 12% (1500 mM) NaCl. Optimum growth conditions were detected for both strains at 4% (500 mM) NaCl based on morpho-anatomical and physiological criteria such as photosynthetic yield by chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. Taking into consideration that all known strains of this genus colonize salty habitats supports our assumption that the genus might have a marine origin but also expands colonization to salty terrestrial habitats. This aspect is further discussed, including the ecological and biotechnological relevance of the data presented.
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Zhang C, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. A review on the integration of mainstream P-recovery strategies with enhanced biological phosphorus removal. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118102. [PMID: 35091221 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient for all organisms, urgently needs to be recovered due to the increasing demand and scarcity of this natural resource. Recovering P from wastewater is a feasible and promising way widely studied nowadays due to the need to remove P in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). When enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) is implemented, an innovative option is to recover P from the supernatant streams obtained in the mainstream water line, and then combine it with liquor-crystallisation recovery processes, being the final recovered product struvite, vivianite or hydroxyapatite. The basic idea of these mainstream P-recovery strategies is to take advantage of the ability of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) to increase P concentration under anaerobic conditions when some carbon source is available. This work shows the mainstream P-recovery technologies reported so far, both in continuous and sequenced batch reactors (SBR) based configurations. The amount of extraction, as a key parameter to balance the recovery efficiency and the maintenance of the EBPR of the system, should be the first design criterion. The maximum value of P-recovery efficiency for long-term operation with an adequate extraction ratio would be around 60%. Other relevant factors (e.g. COD/P ratio of the influent, need for an additional carbon source) and operational parameters (e.g. aeration, SRT, HRT) are also reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
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Ajayan KV, Saranya K, Harilal CC. Indole-3-butyric acid mediated growth and biochemical enhancement in three Selenastracean green microalgae under limited supply of nitrogen source. J Biotechnol 2022; 351:60-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alias AB, Mishra S, Pendharkar G, Chen CS, Liu CH, Liu YJ, Yao DJ. Microfluidic Microalgae System: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061910. [PMID: 35335274 PMCID: PMC8954360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae that have recently captivated interest worldwide are a great source of renewable, sustainable and economical biofuels. The extensive potential application in the renewable energy, biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries have made them necessary resources for green energy. Microalgae can substitute liquid fossil fuels based on cost, renewability and environmental concern. Microfluidic-based systems outperform their competitors by executing many functions, such as sorting and analysing small volumes of samples (nanolitre to picolitre) with better sensitivities. In this review, we consider the developing uses of microfluidic technology on microalgal processes such as cell sorting, cultivation, harvesting and applications in biofuels and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Baby Alias
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (A.B.A.); (S.M.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Shubhanvit Mishra
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (A.B.A.); (S.M.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Gaurav Pendharkar
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hsien Liu
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (A.B.A.); (S.M.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ju Liu
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan;
| | - Da-Jeng Yao
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (A.B.A.); (S.M.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Rude K, Yothers C, Barzee TJ, Kutney S, Zhang R, Franz A. Growth potential of microalgae on ammonia-rich anaerobic digester effluent for wastewater remediation. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Karimian A, Mahdavi MA, Gheshlaghi R. Algal cultivation strategies for enhancing production of Chlorella sorokiniana IG-W-96 biomass and bioproducts. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Russell C, Rodriguez C, Yaseen M. High-value biochemical products & applications of freshwater eukaryotic microalgae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151111. [PMID: 34695461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A shift in public perception of the health and nutritional benefits of organic supplements and skin care products has led to a surge in high-value products being extracted from microalgae. Traditional forms of microalgae products were proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. However, in recent times the extraction of carotenoids (pigments), polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs), vitamins, phytosterols and polyphenols has increased significantly. Despite the diversity of products most research has failed to scale up production to industrial scale due to economic constraints and productivity capacities. It is clear that the main market drivers are the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. This paper reviews the high-value products produced from freshwater eukaryotic microalgae. In addition, the paper also considers the biochemical properties of eukaryotic microalgae to provide a comparative analysis of different strains based on their high-value product content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Russell
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Cristina Rodriguez
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - Mohammed Yaseen
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
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Grubišić M, Šantek B, Zorić Z, Čošić Z, Vrana I, Gašparović B, Čož-Rakovac R, Ivančić Šantek M. Bioprospecting of Microalgae Isolated from the Adriatic Sea: Characterization of Biomass, Pigment, Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041248. [PMID: 35209036 PMCID: PMC8875609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae and cyanobacteria are sources of diverse bioactive compounds with potential biotechnological applications in food, feed, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and biofuel industries. In this study, five microalgae, Nitzschia sp. S5, Nanofrustulum shiloi D1, Picochlorum sp. D3, Tetraselmis sp. Z3 and Tetraselmis sp. C6, and the cyanobacterium Euhalothece sp. C1 were isolated from the Adriatic Sea and characterized regarding their growth kinetics, biomass composition and specific products content (fatty acids, pigments, antioxidants, neutral and polar lipids). The strain Picochlorum sp. D3, showing the highest specific growth rate (0.009 h−1), had biomass productivity of 33.98 ± 0.02 mg L−1 day−1. Proteins were the most abundant macromolecule in the biomass (32.83–57.94%, g g−1). Nanofrustulum shiloi D1 contained significant amounts of neutral lipids (68.36%), while the biomass of Picochlorum sp. D3, Tetraselmis sp. Z3, Tetraselmis sp. C6 and Euhalothece sp. C1 was rich in glycolipids and phospholipids (75%). The lipids of all studied microalgae predominantly contained unsaturated fatty acids. Carotenoids were the most abundant pigments with the highest content of lutein and neoxanthin in representatives of Chlorophyta and fucoxanthin in strains belonging to the Bacillariophyta. All microalgal extracts showed antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative E. coli and S. typhimurium and Gram-positive S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grubišić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Zrinka Čošić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Ivna Vrana
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Blaženka Gašparović
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirela Ivančić Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
- Correspondence:
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Muthukrishnan L. Bio‐engineering of microalgae: Challenges and future prospects toward industrial and environmental applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:310-329. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmipathy Muthukrishnan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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Venkata Subhash G, Rajvanshi M, Raja Krishna Kumar G, Shankar Sagaram U, Prasad V, Govindachary S, Dasgupta S. Challenges in microalgal biofuel production: A perspective on techno economic feasibility under biorefinery stratagem. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126155. [PMID: 34673195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly exhausting fossil fuels combined with the ever-increasing demand for energy led to an ongoing search for alternative energy sources to meet the transportation, manufacturing, domestic and other energy demands of the grown population. Microalgae are at the forefront of alternative energy research due to their significant potential as a renewable feedstock for biofuels. However, microalgae platforms have not found a way into industrial-scale bioenergy production due to various technical and economic constraints. The present review provides a detailed overview of the challenges in microalgae production processes for bioenergy purposes with supporting techno-economic assessments related to microalgae cultivation, harvesting and downstream processes required for crude oil or biofuel production. In addition, biorefinery approaches that can valorize the by-products or co-products in microalgae production and enhance the techno-economics of the production process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Venkata Subhash
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India.
| | - Meghna Rajvanshi
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
| | - G Raja Krishna Kumar
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
| | - Uma Shankar Sagaram
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
| | - Venkatesh Prasad
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
| | - Sridharan Govindachary
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Thane-Belapur Road, NaviMumbai 400701, India
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Mehta P, Rani R, Gupta R, Puri SK, Ramakumar SSV, Mathur AS. Synergistic integration of wastewaters from second generation ethanol plant for algal biofuel production: an industrially relevant option. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:34. [PMID: 35070624 PMCID: PMC8724354 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study provides an integrated method for utilizing the wastewaters from second generation (2G) ethanol pretreatment plant for microalgal biomass and lipid production. The study was conducted using a mixture of wastewaters (referred as MW; pH 4.3) generated after washing of acidic and alkaline-soaked lignocellulosic biomass prior to pretreatment process. The growth studies indicated that the thermotolerant strain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) M18 exhibited higher cell proliferation in wastewater as compared to freshwater. About 20-25% enhancement in biomass (509 mg L-1 d-1 ± 3.09) and lipid productivity (146 mg L-1 d-1 ± 1.34) was observed in MW. The total chlorophyll content and variable fluorescence by maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) ratio of strain cultivated in MW were 10.32 µg mL-1 and 0.75, respectively. The use of MW also enhanced the content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in total lipid. The exhausted wastewater medium obtained after harvesting the auto-flocculated biomass was also reused up to three successive growth cycles. The recycled medium without any nutrient addition could be used for two subsequent rounds with enhanced biomass (520 mg L-1 d-1 ± 4.07) and lipid (157.71 mg L-1 d-1 ± 1.09) productivities. This synergistic approach of cultivating thermotolerant microalgae with wastewater from 2G pretreatment plant provides an economical setup for development of commercial algal biofuel technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Mehta
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research and Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
| | - Rekha Rani
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research and Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
| | - Suresh Kumar Puri
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research and Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
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Abd Manan TSB, Khan T, Wan Mohtar WHM, Machmudah A, Dutykh D, Qazi S, Ahmad A, Wan Rasdi N. Bioremediation of wastewater using algae for potential renewable bioenergy cogeneration. ALGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022:47-62. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90476-6.00019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Vazirzadeh A, Jafarifard K, Ajdari A, Chisti Y. Removal of nitrate and phosphate from simulated agricultural runoff water by Chlorella vulgaris. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149988. [PMID: 34525699 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae such Chlorella vulgaris can effectively absorb nitrate and phosphate from contaminated water. This work characterized nitrate and phosphate removal from simulated agricultural runoff using C. vulgaris. Statistically designed experiments were used to model the following responses: (1) algal growth; (2) nitrate removal; (3) phosphate removal; (4) protein in the algal biomass; (5) chlorophyll content of the biomass; (6) the biomass phenolics content; and (7) the free radical scavenging antioxidant activity of the biomass. These response were modelled for the following key experimental factors: initial nitrate concentration in the simulated runoff (1080-3240 mg L-1, as NaNO3), initial phosphate concentration (20-60 mg L-1, as K2HPO4), photoperiod (8-24 h of light/day) and culture duration (5-15 days). The validated models were used to identify the factor levels to maximize the various responses. Nitrate removal was maximized at 85.6% when initial nitrate and phosphate concentrations were 2322 mg L-1 and 38 mg L-1 (N:P atom ratio ≈ 125:1), respectively, with a 17.2 h daily photoperiod in a 13-day culture. Phosphate removal was maximized at 95% when the initial nitrate and phosphate concentrations were 1402 mg L-1 and 56.7 mg L-1 (N:P ≈ 51:1), respectively, with a 15.7 h daily photoperiod in a 14.7-day culture. At least ~14 h of a daily photoperiod and a ~11-day culture period were required to maximize all the studied responses. C. vulgaris is edible and may be used as animal feed. Nutritional aspects of the biomass were characterized. Biomass with more than 24% protein could be produced. Under the best conditions, the chlorophyll (potential food colorants) content of the biomass was 8.5% and the maximum level of total phenolics (antioxidants) in the biomass was nearly 13 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Vazirzadeh
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran.
| | - Kiyanoush Jafarifard
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Ashkan Ajdari
- Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Chabahar, Iran
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Klähn S, Mikkat S, Riediger M, Georg J, Hess WR, Hagemann M. Integrative analysis of the salt stress response in cyanobacteria. Biol Direct 2021; 16:26. [PMID: 34906211 PMCID: PMC8670252 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms evolved specific acclimation strategies to thrive in environments of high or fluctuating salinities. Here, salt acclimation in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was analyzed by integrating transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data. A dynamic reorganization of the transcriptome occurred during the first hours after salt shock, e.g. involving the upregulation of genes to activate compatible solute biochemistry balancing osmotic pressure. The massive accumulation of glucosylglycerol then had a measurable impact on the overall carbon and nitrogen metabolism. In addition, we observed the coordinated induction of putative regulatory RNAs and of several proteins known for their involvement in other stress responses. Overall, salt-induced changes in the proteome and transcriptome showed good correlations, especially among the stably up-regulated proteins and their transcripts. We define an extended salt stimulon comprising proteins directly or indirectly related to compatible solute metabolism, ion and water movements, and a distinct set of regulatory RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation. Our comprehensive data set provides the basis for engineering cyanobacterial salt tolerance and to further understand its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Klähn
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Mikkat
- Core Facility Proteome Analysis, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Riediger
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Georg
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R. Hess
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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41
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Taylor GM, Hitchcock A, Heap JT. Combinatorial assembly platform enabling engineering of genetically stable metabolic pathways in cyanobacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e123. [PMID: 34554258 PMCID: PMC8643660 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are simple, efficient, genetically-tractable photosynthetic microorganisms which in principle represent ideal biocatalysts for CO2 capture and conversion. However, in practice, genetic instability and low productivity are key, linked problems in engineered cyanobacteria. We took a massively parallel approach, generating and characterising libraries of synthetic promoters and RBSs for the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and assembling a sparse combinatorial library of millions of metabolic pathway-encoding construct variants. Genetic instability was observed for some variants, which is expected when variants cause metabolic burden. Surprisingly however, in a single combinatorial round without iterative optimisation, 80% of variants chosen at random and cultured photoautotrophically over many generations accumulated the target terpenoid lycopene from atmospheric CO2, apparently overcoming genetic instability. This large-scale parallel metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria provides a new platform for development of genetically stable cyanobacterial biocatalysts for sustainable light-driven production of valuable products directly from CO2, avoiding fossil carbon or competition with food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Taylor
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - John T Heap
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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42
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Srivastava N, Srivastava M, Singh R, Syed A, Bahadur Pal D, Elgorban AM, Kushwaha D, Mishra PK, Gupta VK. Co-fermentation of residual algal biomass and glucose under the influence of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles to enhance biohydrogen production under dark mode. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126034. [PMID: 34592453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) induced enhanced hydrogen production via co-fermentation of glucose and residual algal biomass (cyanobacteria Lyngbya limnetica). A significant enhancement of dark fermentative H2 production has been noticed under the influence of co-fermentation of glucose and residual algal biomass using Fe3O4 NPs as catalyst. Further, using the optimized ratio of glucose to residual algal biomass (10:4), ∼ 37.14 % higher cumulative H2 has been recorded in presence of 7.5 mg/L Fe3O4 NPs as compared to control at 37 °C. In addition, under the optimum conditions [glucose to residual algal biomass ratio (10:4)] presence of 7.5 mg/L Fe3O4 NPs produces ∼ 937 mL/L cumulative H2 in 168 h at pH 7.5 and at temperature 40 °C. Clostridum butyrium, employed for the dark fermentation yielded ∼ 7.7 g/L dry biomass in 168 h whereas acetate (9.0 g/L) and butyrate (6.2 g/L) have been recorded as the dominating metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepika Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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43
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Pessôa LC, Deamici KM, Pontes LAM, Druzian JI, Assis DDJ. Technological prospection of microalgae-based biorefinery approach for effluent treatment. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Improved saccharification of Chlorella vulgaris biomass by fungal secreted enzymes for bioethanol production. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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Ravanipour M, Hamidi A, Mahvi AH. Microalgae biodiesel: A systematic review in Iran. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Shafiq M, Zeb L, Jawad M, Chi Z. Treatment of Saline Organic-Rich Fermentation Wastewater by Marine Chlorella sp. for Value-Added Biomass Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2. Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Liaqat Zeb
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2. Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Jawad
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2. Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhanyou Chi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2. Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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Utilisation of CO2 from Sodium Bicarbonate to Produce Chlorella vulgaris Biomass in Tubular Photobioreactors for Biofuel Purposes. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are one of the most promising sources of renewable substrates used for energy purposes. Biomass and components accumulated in their cells can be used to produce a wide range of biofuels, but the profitability of their production is still not at a sufficient level. Significant costs are generated, i.a., during the cultivation of microalgae, and are connected with providing suitable culture conditions. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of using sodium bicarbonate as an inexpensive alternative CO2 source in the culture of Chlorella vulgaris, promoting not only the increase of microalgae biomass production but also lipid accumulation. The study was carried out at technical scale using 100 L photobioreactors. Gravimetric and spectrophotometric methods were used to evaluate biomass growth. Lipid content was determined using a mixture of chloroform and methanol according to the Blight and Dyer method, while the carbon content and CO2 fixation rate were measured according to the Walkley and Black method. In batch culture, even a small addition of bicarbonate resulted in a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the amount of biomass, productivity and optical density compared to non-bicarbonate cultures. At 2.0 g∙L–1, biomass content was 572 ± 4 mg·L−1, the maximum productivity was 7.0 ± 1.0 mg·L–1·d–1, and the optical density was 0.181 ± 0.00. There was also an increase in the lipid content (26 ± 4%) and the carbon content in the biomass (1322 ± 0.062 g∙dw–1), as well as a higher rate of carbon dioxide fixation (0.925 ± 0.073 g·L–1·d–1). The cultivation of microalgae in enlarged scale photobioreactors provides a significant technological challenge. The obtained results can be useful to evaluate the efficiency of biomass and valuable cellular components production in closed systems realized at industrial scale.
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Alvarez HM, Hernández MA, Lanfranconi MP, Silva RA, Villalba MS. Rhodococcus as Biofactories for Microbial Oil Production. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164871. [PMID: 34443455 PMCID: PMC8401914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the Rhodococcus genus are frequent components of microbial communities in diverse natural environments. Some rhodococcal species exhibit the outstanding ability to produce significant amounts of triacylglycerols (TAG) (>20% of cellular dry weight) in the presence of an excess of the carbon source and limitation of the nitrogen source. For this reason, they can be considered as oleaginous microorganisms. As occurs as well in eukaryotic single-cell oil (SCO) producers, these bacteria possess specific physiological properties and molecular mechanisms that differentiate them from other microorganisms unable to synthesize TAG. In this review, we summarized several of the well-characterized molecular mechanisms that enable oleaginous rhodococci to produce significant amounts of SCO. Furthermore, we highlighted the ability of these microorganisms to degrade a wide range of carbon sources coupled to lipogenesis. The qualitative and quantitative oil production by rhodococci from diverse industrial wastes has also been included. Finally, we summarized the genetic and metabolic approaches applied to oleaginous rhodococci to improve SCO production. This review provides a comprehensive and integrating vision on the potential of oleaginous rhodococci to be considered as microbial biofactories for microbial oil production.
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Wu KC, Ho KC, Tang CC, Yau YH. The potential of foodwaste leachate as a phycoremediation substrate for microalgal CO 2 fixation and biodiesel production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40724-40734. [PMID: 29504078 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foodwaste leachate (FWL) is often generated during foodwaste treatment processes. Owing to its high nutrient content, FWL has high potential for phycoremediation, a microalgal technology application for water treatment while acting as CO2 fixation tank. Additionally, the end product of microalgal from phycoremediation can be potentially used for biodiesel production. Therefore, the phycoremediation has drawn a lot of attention in recent decades. This study evaluates the performance of microalgal foodwaste leachate treatment and the potential of utilizing FWL as medium for microalgal biodiesel production. Two microalgal species, Dunaliella tertiolecta and Cyanobacterium aponinum, were selected. For each species, two experimental levels of diluted FWL were used: 5 and 10% FWL. The partial inhibition growth model indicates that some inhibit factors such as ammonia; total suspended solids and oil and grease (O&G) content suppress the microalgal growth. Most of the nutrient such as nitrogen and phosphorus (> 80%) can be removed in the last day of phycoremediation by D. tertiolecta. C. aponinum also show considerable removal rate on total nitrogen ammonia and nitrate (> 60%). Biomass (0.4-0.5 g/L/day) of D. tertiolecta and C. aponinum can be produced though cultivated in diluted FWL. The bio-CO2 fixation rates of the two species were 610.7 and 578.3 mg/L/day of D. tertiolecta and C. aponinum. The strains contain high content of saturated fatty acid such as C16 and C18 making them having potential for producing good quality biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam-Chau Wu
- School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Chung Ho
- School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chin-Cheung Tang
- School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiu-Hung Yau
- School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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50
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Progress toward a bicarbonate-based microalgae production system. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:180-193. [PMID: 34325913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Commercial applications of microalgae for biochemicals and fuels are hampered by their high production costs, and the use of conventional carbon supplies is a key reason. Bicarbonate has been proposed as an alternative carbon source due to its potential advantages in lower carbon supply costs, convenience for photobioreactor development, biomass harvesting, and labor and energy savings. We review recent progress in bicarbonate-based microalgae cultivation, which validated previous assumptions, suggested further advantages, and demonstrated potential to significantly reduce production cost. Future research should focus on improving production efficiency and reducing energy inputs, including optimizing photobioreactor design, comprehensive utilization of natural power, and automation in production systems.
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