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Reinberg C, Vingerhoets S, Pavlova O, Guenova E, Papadimitriou-Olivgeris M, Comte D. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis triggered by Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis with chronic hepatitis C virus co-infection: a case report and literature review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385086. [PMID: 39076993 PMCID: PMC11284083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a rare but life-threatening condition, occasionally linked to diverse immunologic manifestations, including mixed cryoglobulinemia. This can lead to cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, which has the potential for widespread organ damage. Although some cases have highlighted the relationship between infective endocarditis and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, no comprehensive epidemiological evaluation or optimal treatment strategies have been advanced for such a combination. We present a case of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis associated with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and conduct a literature review to compare management and outcomes in similar cases. Our patient presented with classical Meltzer's triad and mild renal involvement. Cryoimmunofixation confirmed type III cryoglobulinemia, and serum cytokines showed elevated IL-6 levels. The differential diagnosis included infective endocarditis and chronic active hepatitis C virus infection. Rapid symptom resolution after antibiotic treatment identified infective endocarditis as the likely cause of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Our case and review of the literature highlight that early identification of the cause of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is crucial for selecting appropriate treatment and preventing recurrence or morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Reinberg
- Service of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Vingerhoets
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olesya Pavlova
- Service of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Service of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Denis Comte
- Service of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Di Stasio D, Guida A, Romano A, Petruzzi M, Marrone A, Fiori F, Lucchese A. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Pathogenesis, Oral Manifestations, and the Role of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4012. [PMID: 39064052 PMCID: PMC11278420 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health concern with significant systemic implications, including a range of oral manifestations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the oral and dental pathologies related to HCV, the etiopathogenetic mechanisms linking such conditions to HCV and the impact of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Common oral manifestations of HCV include oral lichen planus (OLP), periodontal disease, and xerostomia. The pathogenesis of these conditions involves both direct viral effects on oral tissues and indirect effects related to the immune response to HCV. Our literature analysis, using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, suggests that both the HCV infection and the immune response to HCV contribute to the increased prevalence of these oral diseases. The introduction of DAA therapy represents a significant advancement in HCV treatment, but its effects on oral manifestations, particularly OLP, are still under evaluation. Although a possible mechanism linking HCV to OSCC is yet to be determined, existing evidence encourages further investigation in this sense. Our findings highlight the need for established protocols for managing the oral health of patients with HCV, aiming to improve outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Agostino Guida
- U.O.C. Odontostomatologia, A.O.R.N. “A. Cardarelli”, 95123 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Massimo Petruzzi
- Section of Dentistry, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Clinica Odontoiatrica del Policlinico di Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Aldo Marrone
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Fausto Fiori
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy (A.M.); (A.L.)
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Xu Q, Chen G, Wen Y, Shi X, Ye W, Qin Y, Li X. Acquired Fanconi syndrome in mixed cryoglobulinemia patients: a single-center case series. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:2329-2336. [PMID: 38730122 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cryoglobulinemia is a pathological condition characterized by the presence of cryoglobulins in the blood, with cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis being the most frequent form of renal involvement. Fanconi syndrome presents as a generalized dysfunction of the proximal tubule, characterized by the presence of polyuria, phosphaturia, glycosuria, proteinuria, proximal renal tubular acidosis, and osteomalacia. We aimed to present five cases co-occurring with Fanconi syndrome and cryoglobulinemia. METHODS We retrospectively summarized the cases of five patients with Fanconi syndrome and cryoglobulinemia at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to June 2022. The clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis were systematically analyzed. RESULTS All five patients exhibited typical features of Fanconi syndrome, and cryoglobulinemia was concurrently detected in all cases. These patients also exhibit positive anti-nuclear antibody spectrum and hyperglobulinemia, and IgM constitutes the predominant monoclonal component in cryoglobulins. In addition to supplemental treatment, timely immunosuppressive therapy may potentially benefit the long-term renal prognosis of patients with this condition. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the rare co-occurrence of Fanconi syndrome and cryoglobulinemia in clinical practice. Despite the lack of causal evidence, the coexistence of Fanconi syndrome and tubulointerstitial injury is also noteworthy in patients with cryoglobulinemia, underscoring the importance of thorough evaluation and tailored management in patients presenting with overlapping renal manifestations. Key Points • Patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia can clinically present with tubulointerstitial injury, specifically manifesting as Fanconi syndrome. • In addition to typical symptoms of Fanconi syndrome, these patients also exhibit positive anti-nuclear antibody spectrum and hyperglobulinemia, while IgM constitutes the monoclonal component in cryoglobulins. • Timely immunosuppressive therapy may improve long-term renal prognosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- 4 + 4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yubing Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenling Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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Han HX, Su W, Tian X, Zhou DB, Li J, Cao XX. Clinical characteristics, radiological features and outcomes in pulmonary involvement of cryoglobulinemia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:185. [PMID: 38698461 PMCID: PMC11067141 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoglobulinemia with pulmonary involvement is rare, and its characteristics, radiological findings, and outcomes are still poorly understood. METHODS Ten patients with pulmonary involvement of 491 cryoglobulinemia patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. We analyzed the characteristics, radiological features and management of pulmonary involvement patients, and compared with those of non-pulmonary involvement with cryoglobulinemia. RESULTS The 10 patients with pulmonary involvement (2 males; median age, 53 years) included three patients with type I cryoglobulinemia and seven patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. All of 10 patients were IgM isotype cryoglobulinemia. All type I patients were secondary to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Four mixed patients were essential, and the remaining patients were secondary to infections (n = 2) and systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 1), respectively. Six patients had additional affected organs, including skin (60%), kidney (50%), peripheral nerves (30%), joints (20%), and heart (20%). The pulmonary symptoms included dyspnea (50%), dry cough (30%), chest tightness (30%), and hemoptysis (10%). Chest computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse ground-glass opacity (80%), nodules (40%), pleural effusions (30%), and reticulation (20%). Two patients experienced life-threatening diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Five patients received corticosteroid-based regimens, and four received rituximab-based regimens. All patients on rituximab-based regimens achieved clinical remission. The estimated two-year overall survival (OS) was 40%. Patients with pulmonary involvement had significantly worse OS and progression-free survival than non-pulmonary involvement patients of cryoglobulinemia (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS A diagnosis of pulmonary involvement should be highly suspected for patients with cryoglobulinemia and chest CT-indicated infiltrates without other explanations. Patients with pulmonary involvement had a poor prognosis. Rituximab-based treatment may improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiao Han
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlun Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dao-Bin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, 100730, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, 100730, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Cao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, 100730, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Wyttynck A, Raby M, Le Gall F, Dupuy A, Soethoudt M, Fouchard M. [Anterior orbital ischemia secondary to type 1 cryoglobulinemia: A case report and literature review]. Rev Med Interne 2024; 45:239-243. [PMID: 38418361 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 cryoglobulinemia is characterized by a large number of clinical signs. The lack of specificity of these signs can make diagnosis difficult. Ocular manifestations are rarely described across medical literature. Only 15 cases of ophthalmological involvement secondary to cryoglobulinaemia have been reported. COMMENT We report the case of a 69-year-old patient with cutaneous type 1 cryoglobulinaemia. He presented with bilateral anterior segment ischemia without retinal involvement with unilateral neovascularisation. Treatment of the B lymphocyte clone with rituximab and bendamustine and plasma exchange were initiated with successfully. Two similar cases describing ischaemic damage to the iris during type 1 cryoglobulinemia have been reported in the literature. CONCLUSION Irial ischaemia should be considered as a potential in type 1 cryoglobulinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wyttynck
- Service de médecine interne, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - M Raby
- Service de dermatologie, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - F Le Gall
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - A Dupuy
- Service de dermatologie, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - M Soethoudt
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - M Fouchard
- Service de dermatologie, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
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Thomas C, Zubair T, Monteagudo L, Lotfi-Emran S, Yamanuha J. Cryoglobulin-Associated Retinal Vasculitis: Retrospective Case Series. JOURNAL OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES 2024; 8:181-185. [PMID: 38465357 PMCID: PMC10924588 DOI: 10.1177/24741264231203788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: To highlight clinical and imaging features of 5 patients diagnosed with retinal vasculitis and cryoglobulins. Methods: This retrospective case series describes clinical and angiographic features of retinal vasculitis and serum cryoglobulins and is the most extensive series to our knowledge. Results: Five female patients were diagnosed with retinal vasculitis and serum cryoglobulins. The average age at time of cryoglobulin identification was 46 years (range, 28-72 years), although retinal vasculitis had been present for various durations. Fluorescein angiograms demonstrated large-vessel and small-vessel segmental leakage in 3 patients, only large-vessel segmental leakage in 1 patient, and only small-vessel segmental leakage in 1 patient. Treatment included topical steroids, intraocular steroid injections, oral corticosteroids, oral antimetabolites, and biologic therapy. At the time of this report, 4 of 5 patients had persistent angiographic leakage; however, none had retinal vascular occlusions. Conclusions: Various treatments were efficacious, although resolution was difficult. No patient experienced retinal vascular occlusions or other types of end-organ compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Thomas
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Talhah Zubair
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Luke Monteagudo
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sahar Lotfi-Emran
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Justin Yamanuha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Diaz MJ, Liu V, Forouzandeh M, Motaparthi K. Type III cryoglobulinemia associated with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and presenting with retiform purpura. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 44:34-37. [PMID: 38292579 PMCID: PMC10824683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Diaz
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vivian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mahtab Forouzandeh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kiran Motaparthi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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Moretti M, Ferro F, Baldini C, Mosca M, Talarico R. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: a 2023 update. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024; 36:27-34. [PMID: 37916482 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) is an immune complex mediated small vessel vasculitis characterized by the presence of cryoglobulins in serum, often associated with hepatitis C infection, systemic autoimmune diseases or hematological conditions. The focus of this review is to provide an update on new insights into pathogenesis, epidemiology and therapies of infectious and noninfectious type II and type III CV. RECENT FINDINGS The introduction of new antiviral drugs for treatment of hepatitis C infection implied major changes in HCV-related CV, allowing to shed new lights on CV pathogenesis and mechanisms of relapse and, therefore, to increase the relevance of autoimmune diseases in CV epidemiology. Specific B-cell clones are involved in the production of pathogenic immune complexes that leads to small-vessel vasculitis. Therefore, both antiviral treatments [direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and oral nucleot(s)ide analogues] and targeted anti-CD20 therapies (rituximab) prove to be safe and effective options, leading to a better prognosis. Association of Sjögren syndrome and CV defines a specific phenotype of patients, characterized by severe manifestations and poor outcome. SUMMARY Removing viral stimulation on B-cells through direct-acting antivirals and blocking B-cells proliferation and differentiation with rituximab are the goals of treatment of CV. However, further research is needed to identify prognostic factors of refractory and relapsing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Moretti
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Tazoe K, Harada N, Takemura K, Nakamae M, Hino M. A Case of IgG1-Lambda Multiple Myeloma With Hyperviscosity Syndrome and Cryoglobulinemia: Identification of the Subclass Fraction by Immunoelectrophoresis and Immunofixation Electrophoresis. Cureus 2023; 15:e48253. [PMID: 38054160 PMCID: PMC10694783 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is a complication of monoclonal plasma cell tumors. The frequency of HVS depends on the type of monoclonal protein. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is more closely associated with HVS than IgG, and among IgG subclass monoclonal proteins, IgG3 is most frequently associated with HVS. We herein report a 44-year-old woman with multiple myeloma (MM), HVS, and cryoglobulinemia. Her monoclonal protein and cryoglobulin were IgG1-lambda (λ). She developed HVS at a lower monoclonal protein level because of the properties of the IgG1-derived monoclonal protein and cryoglobulin. Our case highlights the fact that identifying the IgG subclass is useful in predicting the risk of complicating HVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiyo Tazoe
- Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, JPN
| | - Naonori Harada
- Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, JPN
- Hematology, Fuchu Hospital, Osaka, JPN
| | - Kazuya Takemura
- Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, JPN
| | - Mika Nakamae
- Laboratory Medicine and Medical Informatics, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, JPN
- Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, JPN
| | - Masayuki Hino
- Hematology, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, Osaka, JPN
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Han HX, Su W, Zhou DB, Li J, Cao XX. Hepatitis B virus-related cryoglobulinemia: Clinical characteristics, virological features, and treatment. Virus Res 2023; 336:199212. [PMID: 37640269 PMCID: PMC10474225 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a rare etiology of cryoglobulinemia, and its clinical characteristics, virological features and treatment are poorly understood. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 23 patients with HBV-related cryoglobulinemia from 497 cryoglobulinemia patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2015 and February 2023. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, virological features and management of patients with HBV-related cryoglobulinemia. RESULTS The 23 patients (13 males; median age 48 years) were all mixed cryoglobulinemia and serological HBsAg positive, while 15 patients exhibited HBV-DNA replication. The presence of HBsAg in cryoglobulins was evaluated in 7 patients, all of whom were positive. The most commonly involved organs were kidneys (69.6%), skin (65.2%), peripheral nerves (21.7%), joints (8.7%), gastrointestinal tract (4.3%), and cardiac (4.3%). Eight patients received antiviral therapy with nucleot (s)ide analogues (NAs) alone, 12 patients received NA- and corticosteroid-based regimens, and 3 patients received NA- and rituximab-based regimens based on the severity of clinical symptoms. After a median follow-up of 44 months, four patients died, and one patient was lost to follow-up. All remaining patients (n = 18) achieved clinical remission, and HBV-DNA replication was not detected in 16 out of 18 patients. There was no HBV reactivation in patients treated with rituximab. The three-year overall survival and progression-free survival were 87.0% and 80.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HBV-related cryoglobulinemia patients should be treated with antiviral therapy. Corticosteroids and rituximab are effective for severe cases, but patients need to be closely monitored for therapy-related infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiao Han
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China
| | - Dao-Bin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China
| | - Xin-Xin Cao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China.
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11
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Leleux C, Zerbib Y, Pommerolle P, Da Rocha A, Serpier M, Caillard P. Rare manifestations of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: a case report. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271584. [PMID: 37901234 PMCID: PMC10611471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is a type of small vessel vasculitis diseases that can cause dysfunction in multiple organs. It is characterized by general symptoms, often accompanied by nonspecific cutaneous, articular, neurological, and renal manifestations. Diagnosing cryoglobulinemia through biological testing can be time-consuming and sometimes yields negative results, making diagnosis challenging. There are also other potentially life-threatening complications that can significantly impact prognosis and delay urgent treatment, including digestive manifestations and heart failure. Case presentation We report the case of a 60-year-old male patient with a medical history of rheumatoid arthritis. He was admitted to the Nephrology Department for investigation of necrotic vascular purpura, acute kidney injury, and pancytopenia. Laboratory tests revealed consumption of the C3 and C4 complement fractions and the presence of mixed-type III cryoglobulinemia. Despite the initiation of the treatment, the patient rapidly developed multiple severe organ failures, including renal, cardiac, respiratory, and finally digestive complications. Acute colic ischemia led to emergency surgery and the patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit. Despite surgical intervention and hemodynamic support, the patient experienced multi-visceral organ failure and died two hours after admission. Discussion Mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis may result in rare cases of acute and life-threatening organ damage, such as cardiac or respiratory failure with pulmonary hemorrhage, gastrointestinal ischemia, and neurological disorders. These severe manifestations are associated with a poor prognosis and it is crucial to promptly initiate an aggressive therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Leleux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Yoann Zerbib
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Pierre Pommerolle
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Audrey Da Rocha
- Department of Hematology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Marine Serpier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Pauline Caillard
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
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Nekooghadam SM, Bozorgmehr R, Safavi-Naini SAA. Acrocyanosis and Progressive Skin Necrosis as Manifestation of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Associated With Type I Cryoglobulinemia: A Case Report. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2023; 22:605-609. [PMID: 34166124 DOI: 10.1177/15347346211026994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), a rare malignant disorder, occurs as a result of abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes that produce immunoglobulin M. In rare cases, WM complicates by type I cryoglobulinemia. Type I cryoglobulinemia usually presents with cutaneous manifestations such as Raynaud's phenomenon, purpura, necrosis, and gangrene. Various medical conditions, including thrombotic events, rheumatologic disorders, and malignancies, may present with skin discoloration and necrosis. Patients suffering from malignant diseases who initially present with skin manifestations usually are misdiagnosed by physicians. Here, we describe a 72-year-old man presenting with a 6-month acrocyanosis and progressive skin necrosis who was misdiagnosed by physicians. Finally, he was diagnosed to have WM associated with type I cryoglobulinemia. Though uncommon, hematologic malignancies can present with cutaneous manifestations. In some cases, patients may manifest with skin disorders alone. Early and prompt treatment of these diseases may save the patient life, relieve patient symptoms, and increase life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed M Nekooghadam
- Shohada-E-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Univesity of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rama Bozorgmehr
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada-E-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed A A Safavi-Naini
- National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Massih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghembaza A, Boleto G, Bommelaer M, Karras A, Javaugue V, Bridoux F, Alyanakian MA, Molinier Frenkel V, Ghillani-Dalbin P, Musset L, Barete S, Roosweil D, Choquet S, Le Joncour A, Mirouse A, Lipsker D, Faguer S, Vieira M, Cacoub P, Biard L, Saadoun D. Prognosis and long-term outcomes in type I cryoglobulinemia: A multicenter study of 168 patients. Am J Hematol 2023. [PMID: 37139676 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Type I cryoglobulinemia (CG) accounts for 10%-15% of all cryoglobulinemias and are exclusively seen in clonal proliferative hematologic conditions. In this multicenter nationwide cohort study, we analyzed the prognosis and long-term outcomes of 168 patients with type I CG (93 (55.4%) IgM and 75 [44.6%] IgG). Five- and 10-year event-free survivals (EFS) were 26.5% (95% CI 18.2%-38.4%) and 20.8% (95% CI 13.1%-33.1%), respectively. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with poorer EFS were renal involvement (HR: 2.42, 95% CI 1.41-4.17, p = .001) and IgG type I CG (HR: 1.96, 95% CI 1.13-3.33, p = 0.016), regardless of underlying hematological disorders. IgG type I CG patients had higher cumulative incidence of relapse (94.6% [95% CI 57.8%-99.4%] vs. 56.6% [95% CI 36.6%-72.4%], p = .0002) and death at 10 years (35.8% [19.8%-64.6%] vs. 71.3% [54.0%-94.2%], p = .01) as compared to IgM CG, respectively. Overall, complete response of type I CG at 6 months was 38.7%, with no significant difference between Igs isotypes. In conclusion, renal involvement and IgG CG were identified as independent poor prognostic factors of type I CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Ghembaza
- Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose inflammatoire, Paris, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Gonçalo Boleto
- Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose inflammatoire, Paris, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
- Instituto Português de Reumatologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marin Bommelaer
- Service de Biostatistique et Information Médicale, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis - INSERM, UMR1153, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Département de néphrologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Javaugue
- Service de néphrologie et Centre National de référence amylose AL et autres maladies à dépôts d'immunoglobulines monoclonales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- CNRS UMR 7276, INSERM UMR 1262, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Frank Bridoux
- Service de néphrologie et Centre National de référence amylose AL et autres maladies à dépôts d'immunoglobulines monoclonales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- CNRS UMR 7276, INSERM UMR 1262, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP et Institut Necker-Enfants malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Lucile Musset
- Laboratoire d'immunochimie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Barete
- Unité fonctionnelle de dermatologie, service de médecine interne, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Damien Roosweil
- Service d'hématologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Choquet
- Service d'hématologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Le Joncour
- Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose inflammatoire, Paris, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Mirouse
- Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose inflammatoire, Paris, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Dan Lipsker
- Clinique dermatologique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stanislas Faguer
- Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'Organes, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares, Hôpital Rangueil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1297, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Matheus Vieira
- Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose inflammatoire, Paris, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose inflammatoire, Paris, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Biard
- Service de Biostatistique et Information Médicale, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis - INSERM, UMR1153, Paris, France
| | - David Saadoun
- Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose inflammatoire, Paris, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
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Pappoppula L, Zaidi SMH, Iskander PA, Iskander A, Saeed B, Elawad A, Aloysius MM, Khurana V, Nasr S, Ahmed K. A Rare Manifestation of Hepatitis A Associated Cryoglobulinemia. Cureus 2023; 15:e36948. [PMID: 37139266 PMCID: PMC10151109 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryoglobulins can precipitate in the blood when exposed to lower temperatures. These abnormal immunoglobulins are more commonly affiliated with Hepatitis C infection but there have been cases reported with Hepatitis A association for which we present this case. The patient was treated with steroids which did show gradual improvement of symptoms but, ultimately, the patient developed renal failure and required temporary hemodialysis. Care should be taken to assess patients with cryoglobulins for other viral serologies besides Hepatitis C.
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15
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Wang P, Kanda P, Wang Y, Bal M. Sequential central retinal artery occlusions associated with cryoglobulinemia. Int J Retina Vitreous 2023; 9:16. [PMID: 36949515 PMCID: PMC10031973 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-022-00423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoglobulinemia, the presence of serum cryoglobulins which are immunoglobulins or complement components that precipitate at temperatures below 37 °C, commonly present with cutaneous manifestations initially, but are more rarely associated with ocular manifestations. To our knowledge, we report the first case of a patient presenting with sequential central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) associated with cryoglobulinemia. CASE PRESENTATION A 69-year-old female with a history of indolent B-cell lymphoma associated cryoglobulinemia, treated hepatitis B infection and CRAO in the left eye presented with acute vision loss and diffuse retinal whitening with a cherry red spot in her right eye, suggestive of sequential CRAO. Laboratory studies revealed a cryocrit of 55% (normal < 1%), elevated titres of cryoglobulin IgG at 1.98 g/L and cryoglobulin IgM at 3.78 g/L (normal < 0.3 g/L)9, and elevated kappa free light chain at 283.5 mg/L (normal < 0.06 g/L). Such elevated tires of cryoglobulins in the context of the patient's CRAO raised suspicion of cryoglobulinemia associated CRAO. The patient was promptly referred to rheumatology and oncology and was admitted for treatment including intravenous methylprednisone, rituximab and bendamustine chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We report a patient with a complex medical history presenting with significant vision loss due to a sequential CRAO likely associated with cryoglobulinemia. Although a direct relationship between cryoglobulinemia and CRAO cannot be confirmed in this case, it highlights the importance of considering cryoglobulinemia in high-risk patients with prior history of hematological malignancy or chronic hepatitis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Pushpinder Kanda
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Ottawa Eye Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yao Wang
- Division of Ophthalmology, Eastern Health, Eye Clinic, Health Sciences Centre, 300 Prince Philip Dr, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
| | - Manpartap Bal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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16
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[Peripheral neuropathies during systemic diseases: Part II (vasculitis)]. Rev Med Interne 2023; 44:174-180. [PMID: 36925342 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary systemic vasculitides, mainly of the small and medium-sized vessels, are frequently associated with peripheral neuropathies. When the disease is already known, the appearance of a neuropathy should suggest a specific injury, especially when associated with other systemic manifestations. Conversely, when neuropathy is inaugural, close collaboration between neurologists and internists is necessary to reach a diagnosis. A standardized electro-clinical investigation specifying the topography, the evolution and the mechanism of the nerve damage enables the positive diagnosis of the neuropathy. Several elements orient the etiological diagnosis and allow to eliminate the main differential diagnosis: non systemic vasculitic neuropathy. The existence of associated systemic manifestations (glomerular or vascular nephropathy, interstitial lung disease, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, ENT involvement…), biological markers (ANCA, cryoglobulinemia, rheumatoid factor), and invasive examinations allowing histological analysis (neuromuscular biopsy) are all useful tools for.
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17
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Gragnani L, Visentini M, Lorini S, Santini SA, Lauletta G, Mazzaro C, Urraro T, Quartuccio L, Cacciapaglia F, Ruscitti P, Tavoni A, Marri S, Cusano G, Petraccia L, Naclerio C, Treppo E, del Frate G, Di Cola I, Raimondo V, Scorpiniti D, Monti M, Puccetti L, Elia G, Fallahi P, Basili S, Scarpato S, Iannone F, Casato M, Antonelli A, Zignego AL, Ferri C. COVID-19 and Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Syndrome: Long-Term Survey Study on the Prevalence and Outcome, Vaccine Safety, and Immunogenicity. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:680-691. [PMID: 36795264 PMCID: PMC9933006 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome (MCs) is a rare immunoproliferative systemic disorder with cutaneous and multiple organ involvement. Our multicenter survey study aimed to investigate the prevalence and outcome of COVID-19 and the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in a large MCs series. METHODS The survey included 430 unselected MCs patients (130 M, 300 F; mean age 70 ± 10.96 years) consecutively collected at 11 Italian referral centers. Disease classification, clinico-serological assessment, COVID-19 tests, and vaccination immunogenicity were carried out according to current methodologies. RESULTS A significantly higher prevalence of COVID-19 was found in MCs patients compared to Italian general population (11.9% vs 8.0%, p < 0.005), and the use of immunomodulators was associated to a higher risk to get infected (p = 0.0166). Moreover, higher mortality rate was recorded in MCs with COVID-19 compared to those without (p < 0.01). Patients' older age (≥ 60 years) correlated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. The 87% of patients underwent vaccination and 50% a booster dose. Of note, vaccine-related disease flares/worsening were significantly less frequent than those associated to COVID-19 (p = 0.0012). Impaired vaccination immunogenicity was observed in MCs patients compared to controls either after the first vaccination (p = 0.0039) and also after the booster dose (p = 0.05). Finally, some immunomodulators, namely, rituximab and glucocorticoids, hampered the vaccine-induced immunogenicity (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS The present survey revealed an increased prevalence and morbidity of COVID-19 in MCs patients, as well an impaired immunogenicity even after booster vaccination with high rate of no response. Therefore, MCs can be included among frail populations at high risk of infection and severe COVID-19 manifestations, suggesting the need of a close monitoring and specific preventive/therapeutical measures during the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gragnani
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcella Visentini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Lorini
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Angelo Santini
- Department of Basic, Clinical, Intensive and Perioperative Biotechnological Sciences, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy ,Synlab Lazio, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Lauletta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Mazzaro
- Clinical Experimental Onco-Haematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Teresa Urraro
- Rheumatology Unit, “M. Scarlato” Hospital, Scafati (SA), Italy
| | - Luca Quartuccio
- Rheumatology Clinic Department of Medicine (DAME), ASUFC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Cacciapaglia
- UO Reumatologia – Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Marri
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cusano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Petraccia
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Elena Treppo
- Rheumatology Clinic Department of Medicine (DAME), ASUFC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia del Frate
- Rheumatology Clinic Department of Medicine (DAME), ASUFC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Ilenia Di Cola
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Raimondo
- Rheumatology Clinic ‘Madonna dello Scoglio’ Cotronei, Crotone, Italy
| | | | - Monica Monti
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Basili
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Florenzo Iannone
- UO Reumatologia – Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Milvia Casato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Rheumatology Clinic 'Madonna dello Scoglio' Cotronei, Crotone, Italy. .,Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.
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18
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Quartuccio L, Bortoluzzi A, Scirè CA, Marangoni A, Del Frate G, Treppo E, Castelnovo L, Saccardo F, Zani R, Candela M, Fraticelli P, Mazzaro C, Renoldi P, Scaini P, Filippini DA, Visentini M, Scarpato S, Giuggioli D, Mascia MT, Sebastiani M, Zignego AL, Lauletta G, Fiorilli M, Casato M, Ferri C, Pietrogrande M, Pioltelli PE, De Vita S, Monti G, Galli M. Management of mixed cryoglobulinemia with rituximab: evidence and consensus-based recommendations from the Italian Study Group of Cryoglobulinemia (GISC). Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:359-370. [PMID: 36169798 PMCID: PMC9873783 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) or mixed cryoglobulinemic syndrome (MCS) is a systemic small-vessel vasculitis characterized by the proliferation of B-cell clones producing pathogenic immune complexes, called cryoglobulins. It is often secondary to hepatitis C virus (HCV), autoimmune diseases, and hematological malignancies. CV usually has a mild benign clinical course, but severe organ damage and life-threatening manifestations can occur. Recently, evidence in favor of rituximab (RTX), an anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibody, is emerging in CV: nevertheless, questions upon the safety of this therapeutic approach, especially in HCV patients, are still being issued and universally accepted recommendations that can help physicians in MCS treatment are lacking. A Consensus Committee provided a prioritized list of research questions to perform a systematic literature review (SLR). A search was made in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library, updated to August 2021. Of 1227 article abstracts evaluated, 27 studies were included in the SLR, of which one SLR, 4 RCTs, and 22 observational studies. Seventeen recommendations for the management of mixed cryoglobulinemia with rituximab from the Italian Study Group of Cryoglobulinemia (GISC) were developed to give a valuable tool to the physician approaching RTX treatment in CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Quartuccio
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, ASUFC, Udine, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bortoluzzi
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliera, Universitaria Di Ferrara, Cona, FE, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Marangoni
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliera, Universitaria Di Ferrara, Cona, FE, Italy
| | - Giulia Del Frate
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Elena Treppo
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Castelnovo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Legnano, Legnano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Fraticelli
- Ematologia Ed Immunologia Clinica, Clinica Medica Generale, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cesare Mazzaro
- Clinical Experimental Onco-Haematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Piero Renoldi
- UOS Di Immunologia Clinica, Ospedale S. Carlo Borromeo, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marcella Visentini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Mascia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Sebastiani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Fiorilli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Milvia Casato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pietrogrande
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Medicina Interna, Policlinico San Marco of Zingonia, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore De Vita
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Monti
- Medicina Interna, Ospedale Di Saronno, AO Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- Infectious Disease Unit, L. Sacco, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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19
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Mullins J, Faddoul G, Lightle A, Farrukh L, Mehta S. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: Rare presentation of type 1 cryoglobulinemia in marginal B-cell lymphoma. Respir Med Case Rep 2023; 43:101831. [PMID: 36942161 PMCID: PMC10023930 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryoglobulinemia (CG) is defined as the presence of abnormal immunoglobulins (Igs)that precipitate at low temperatures and dissolve upon warming. The manifestations in type I cryoglobulinemia are often related to intravascular obstruction which include skin, joint, renal and neurological involvement. We report a rare case of type 1 CG that presented with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Following extensive workup, the patient was found to have membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to type 1 CG in the setting of marginal B cell lymphoma. He was started on an aggressive regimen targeting underlying lymphoma. Key to managing this condition was multidisciplinary approach towards the diagnosis and management of this otherwise challenging case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Mullins
- Corresponding author. Albany Medical Center, 43 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York, 12208, USA.
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20
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Liu M, Yu X, Wang S, Qin A, Zhou F, Zhao M. Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits: an entity associated with distinct diseases and comparison between IgG1 and IgG3 subtypes. J Nephrol 2022; 35:2363-2372. [PMID: 35460458 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID) and determine the differences between PGNMID associated with extrarenal disease and without clear etiology as well as the differences between IgG1 and IgG3 subtypes. METHODS Data from 46 patients with PGNMID observed from January 2014 to September 2021 in Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including 36 patients without clear etiology (Group A) and 10 patients with extrarenal disease (Group B). RESULTS At presentation patients showed proteinuria (95.7%), hematuria (89.1%), renal insufficiency (73.9%), and hypocomplementemia of C3 or C4 (35.6%). Monoclonal immunoglobulin or cell clones were detected in 22.2% of patients (10/45). The monoclonal immunoglobulins deposited in kidney were IgG3 in 40 patients, IgG1 in 5, and IgM in one. Monoclonal IgG1 deposits were more common in Group B than in Group A (4/10 vs. 1/36, p = 0.006). The intensity of glomerular C3 deposition and the frequency of subendothelial deposits in IgG3 subtype were significantly higher than those in IgG1 subtype. During a median follow-up time of 12.2 (range 1-61) months, a higher level of serum creatinine at biopsy and a higher percentage of global glomerulosclerosis were independent predictors of end-stage kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS PGNMID associated with extrarenal disease was more likely to have monoclonal IgG1 deposits. PGNMID of IgG3 subtype differs from IgG1 subtype by higher intensity of glomerular C3 deposition and higher frequency of subendothelial deposits. Serum creatinine and global glomerulosclerosis were independent prognostic predictors of ESKD in PGNMID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Liu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Pathological Centre, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Aibo Qin
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Zhou
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
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21
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Assem NM, Mohammed AI, Barry HMA, El Sayed IET, Elmadbouh I. Serum cystatin C is an early renal dysfunction biomarker in patients with hepatitis C virus. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022; 12:67. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-022-00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) may induce extrahepatic manifestations as acute or chronic renal dysfunction. The aim was to evaluate the diagnostic role of some biomarkers as cystatin C, cryoglobulins, rheumatoid factor (RF), and complement C3 for extrahepatic renal affection in newly diagnosed patients with HCV infection.
Methods
Blood and urine were collected from randomized individuals screened for new HCV infection (n=400). The studied populations were divided into 3 groups: control group I: thirty healthy individuals not suffering from either liver or kidney diseases, group IIa: thirty HCV patients who have positive HCV antibody test but showed negative PCR test, and group IIb: thirty HCV patients who showed positive results for both HCV antibody and PCR tests.
Results
In HCV group IIb, levels of serum total bilirubin, AST and ALT, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio were increased whereas serum albumin and creatinine clearance were decreased versus other groups. However, the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were still within the normal range in all groups. In HCV group IIb, cystatin C, cryoglobulins, and RF levels were increased; meanwhile, serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio and complement 3 levels were decreased compared to the other groups. HCV-infected patients significantly had higher serum cystatin C (>1.24 mg/L, P<0.001) and lower creatinine/cystatin C ratio (<70.1μMol/mg, P=0.002), and cystatin C was significantly correlated with liver and kidney parameters.
Conclusion
High serum cystatin C and low creatinine/cystatin C ratio may be early indicators of mild renal dysfunction with normal serum levels of creatinine in HCV-infected individuals.
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22
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Seitz L, Seitz P, Pop R, Lötscher F. Spectrum of Large and Medium Vessel Vasculitis in Adults: Primary Vasculitides, Arthritides, Connective Tissue, and Fibroinflammatory Diseases. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:352-370. [PMID: 36166150 PMCID: PMC9513304 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a comprehensive overview of the spectrum of large and medium vessel vasculitis in adults with primary vasculitides, arthritides, connective tissue, and fibroinflammatory diseases as well as vasculitis mimics, for an efficient differential diagnosis and initial diagnostic approach. RECENT FINDINGS Imaging has had a tremendous impact on the diagnosis of medium to large vessel vasculitis, now often replacing histopathologic confirmation and identifying new disease manifestations (e.g., intracranial disease in giant cell arteritis; vascular manifestations of IgG4-related disease). Novel diseases or syndromes involving blood vessels have been described (e.g., VEXAS-Syndrome with polychondritis). The use of the terms "medium" or "large" vessel varies considerably between medical specialties. The differential diagnosis of large and medium vessel vasculitis is becoming increasingly complex as new entities or disease manifestations of known inflammatory rheumatic diseases are regularly identified. A more precise and widely recognized definition of the vessel sizes would make future research more comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Seitz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Seitz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roxana Pop
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Lötscher
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Xu W, Han Y. Hepatitis B virus-associated cryoglobulinaemia diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis: a case report and literature review. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221131136. [PMID: 36345172 PMCID: PMC9647261 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221131136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryoglobulinaemia can manifest as fatigue, purpura, and joint pain, and can involve the kidneys and peripheral nervous system. Type II and mixed cryoglobulinemia cases are usually associated with hepatitis C virus infection and autoimmune diseases, and most cases reported outside China have been related to hepatitis C virus. The pathological manifestation of cryoglobulinaemia glomerulonephritis is always membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis or membranous nephropathy; other pathological types are rare. This current case report describes a female patient with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis. The patient had hepatitis B complicated with purpura, abnormal urinalysis and renal function. She was positive for rheumatoid factor and had decreased complement, and her blood cryoglobulin level was positive. The pathological findings were consistent with late-stage capillary proliferative glomerulonephritis, which improved after steroid, immunosuppressant and anti-HBV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Sir Run Run Shaw
Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang
Province, China
| | - Yongmei Han
- Department of Rheumatology, Sir Run Run Shaw
Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang
Province, China
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24
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Martín Moyano J. Cryoglobulinemic purpura and COVID-19 infection. MEDICINA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 159:e68-e69. [PMID: 36268185 PMCID: PMC9556908 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Kreutzfeldt N, Browne N. Cryoglobulinaemia in a Thoroughbred gelding with multicentric lymphoma. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nimet Browne
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute Lexington Kentucky USA
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26
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Hng M, Liam CCK, Chew TK. A case of type I cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance exacerbated by a progression to multiple myeloma. QJM 2022; 115:551-552. [PMID: 35482531 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Hng
- Rheumatology Unit, Medical Department, Sultanah Fatimah Specialist Hospital, Jalan Salleh, Taman Utama Satu, 84000 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - C C-K Liam
- Haematology Unit, Medical Department, Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Persiaran Abu Bakar Sultan, 80000 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - T-K Chew
- Haematology Unit, Medical Department, Penang General Hospital, Jalan Residensi, 10990 George Town, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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27
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Liu Q, Dai G, Wu Y, Zhang M, Yang M, Wang X, Song M, Li X, Xia R, Wu Z. iRGD-modified exosomes-delivered BCL6 siRNA inhibit the progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:822805. [PMID: 35982974 PMCID: PMC9378967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.822805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical applications of siRNA therapeutics have been limited by the immunogenicity of the siRNA and low efficiency of siRNA delivery to target cells. Recently, evidence have shown that exosomes, endogenous nano-vesicles, can deliver siRNA to the tumor tissues in mice. Here, to reduce immunogenicity, we selected immature dendritic cells (DCs) to produce exosomes. In addition, tumor targeting was achieved by engineering the DCs to express exosomal membrane protein (Lamp2b), fused to av integrin-specific iRGD peptide (CRGDKGPDC). Next, iRGD targeted exosomes (iRGD-Exo) were isolated from the transfected DCs, and then the isolated exosomes were loaded with BCL6 siRNA by electroporation. Our results found that integrin (αvβ3) receptors were highly expressed on OCI-Ly8 cells. In addition, iRGD-Exo showed high targeting ability with avβ3 integrins positive OCI-Ly8 cells. Significantly, iRGD-Exo loaded with BCL6 siRNA suppressed DLBCL cell proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, intravenously injected iRGD-Exo delivered BCL6 siRNA to tumor tissues, resulting in inhibition of tumor growth in DLBCL. Meanwhile, exosomes mediated BCL6 siRNA delivery did not exhibit appreciable toxicity in mice. Collectively, our study demonstrates a therapeutic potential of exosomes as a promising vehicle for RNAi delivery to treat DLBCL.
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28
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Moyano JM. Púrpura crioglobulinémica e infección por COVID-19. Cryoglobulinemic purpura and COVID-19 infection. Med Clin (Barc) 2022; 159:e68-e69. [PMID: 35995607 PMCID: PMC9343767 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Kondili LA, Monti M, Quaranta MG, Gragnani L, Panetta V, Brancaccio G, Mazzaro C, Persico M, Masarone M, Gentile I, Andreone P, Madonia S, Biliotti E, Filomia R, Puoti M, Fracanzani AL, Laccabue D, Ieluzzi D, Coppola C, Rumi MG, Benedetti A, Verucchi G, Coco B, Chemello L, Iannone A, Ciancio A, Russo FP, Barbaro F, Morisco F, Chessa L, Massari M, Blanc P, Zignego AL. A prospective study of direct-acting antiviral effectiveness and relapse risk in HCV cryoglobulinemic vasculitis by the Italian PITER cohort. Hepatology 2022; 76:220-232. [PMID: 34919289 PMCID: PMC9305531 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mixed cryoglobulinemia is the most common HCV extrahepatic manifestation. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) clinical profile after a sustained virologic response (SVR) over a medium-term to long-term period. APPROACH AND RESULTS Direct-acting antiviral-treated cryoglobulinemic patients, consecutively enrolled in the multicentric Italian Platform for the Study of Viral Hepatitis Therapy cohort, were prospectively evaluated. Cumulative incidence Kaplan-Meier curves were reported for response, clinical deterioration, relapse and relapse-free survival rates. Cox regression analysis evaluated factors associated with different outcomes. A clinical response was reported in at least one follow-up point for 373 of 423 (88%) patients with CV who achieved SVR. Clinical response increased over time with a 76% improvement rate at month 12 after the end of treatment. A full complete response (FCR) was reached by 164 (38.8%) patients in at least one follow-up point. CV clinical response fluctuated, with some deterioration of the initial response in 49.6% of patients (median time of deterioration, 19 months). In patients who achieved FCR and had an available follow-up (137 patients) a relapse was observed in 13% and it was transient in 66.7% of patients. The rate of patients without any deterioration was 58% and 41% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. After achieving SVR, a clinical nonresponse was associated with older age and renal involvement; a clinical deterioration/relapse was associated with high pretreatment rheumatoid factor values, and FCR was inversely associated with age, neuropathy, and high cryocrit levels. CONCLUSION In patients with CV, HCV eradication may not correspond to a persistent clinical improvement, and clinical response may fluctuate. This implies an attentive approach to post-SVR evaluation through prognostic factors and tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Monti
- Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis VirusesDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | | | - Laura Gragnani
- Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis VirusesDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Valentina Panetta
- L'altrastatistica srlConsultancy & Training, Biostatistics officeRomeItaly
| | | | - Cesare Mazzaro
- Clinical and Experimental Onco‐Haematology UnitIRCCS Centro di Riferimento OncologicoAviano, PordenoneItaly
| | - Marcello Persico
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology UnitSalerno UniversitySalernoItaly
| | - Mario Masarone
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology UnitSalerno UniversitySalernoItaly
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Pietro Andreone
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Salvatore Madonia
- Department of Internal MedicineVilla Sofia‐Cervello HospitalPalermoItaly
| | - Elisa Biliotti
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases UnitUmberto I Hospital‐“Sapienza” UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Roberto Filomia
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | | | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Diletta Laccabue
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and HepatologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ParmaUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | | | - Carmine Coppola
- Department of HepatologyGragnano HospitalGragnano, NaplesItaly
| | | | - Antonio Benedetti
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversità Politecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Gabriella Verucchi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology UnitAlma Mater Studiorum Bologna UniversityBolognaItaly
| | - Barbara Coco
- Hepatology and Liver Physiopathology Laboratory and Internal MedicineDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Liliana Chemello
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology–Clinica Medica 5Department of Medicine‐DIMEDUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | | | - Alessia Ciancio
- Gastroenterology UnitCittà della Salute e della Scienza of TurinUniversity HospitalTurinItaly
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Gastroenterology UnitDepartment of Surgery, Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Marco Massari
- Infectious Diseases UnitAzienda Unità Sanitaria Locale–IRCCS di Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly
| | - Pierluigi Blanc
- Infectious Disease UnitSanta Maria Annunziata HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis VirusesDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
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30
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Chaves SDA, Puissant B, Porel T, Bories E, Adoue D, Alric L, Astudillo L, Huart A, Lairez O, Michaud M, Ribes D, Prévot G, Sailler L, Gaches F, Pugnet G. Clinical impact and prognosis of cryoglobulinemia and cryofibrinogenemia in systemic sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103133. [PMID: 35752439 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An association of systemic sclerosis (SSc) with cryoglobulin and/or cryofibrinogenemia has been described. However, clinical, biological, morphological and prognostic implications are unknown. The objective of this study was to describe the phenotype and evaluate the prognosis of cryoglobulinemia and/or cryofibrinogenemia in the progression of SSc. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were included from the Systemic Scleroderma Toulouse Cohort (SSTC), between June 1, 2005 and May 31, 2018, and underwent a measurement of a cryoglobulin and/or cryofibrinogen in immunology laboratory at the Toulouse University Hospital Center. Patients with and without cryoglobulinemia >50 mg/l and patients with and without cryofibrinogenemia were compared to identified the impact of cryoprcipitate on the phenotype. Mortality based on cryoprecipitate was explored. RESULTS 166 patients were included in the study. 43.3% and 46.6% had a cryoglobulinemia >50 mg/l and cryofibrinogenemia, respectively. Cryoglobulin >50 mg was not associated with microvascular damage. Cryoglobulin does not influence the phenotype. 5-and 10-years survival were 97.6% and 88.8% respectively in patients with cryoglobulinemia >50 mg/l versus 91.9% and 78.4% in patients without cryoglobulin>50 mg/l. 10-years survival was better for patients with cryoglobulinemia >50 mg/l (log-rank 0.0363). Cryofibrinogenemia was not associated with neoplasia, any clinical (in particular ischemic damage), biological or morphological features. Cryofibrinogenemia had no influence on the mortality of these patients. CONCLUSION Cryoglobulinemia and cryofibrinogenemia are frequent in SSc. The presence of cryoprecipitate (cryoglobulin or cryofibrinogen) not influence the phenotype and has not associated with a poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bénédicte Puissant
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Tiphaine Porel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Medecine Interne, Toulouse, France
| | - Eva Bories
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Medecine Interne, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Adoue
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Medecine Interne, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Medecine Interne, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Antoine Huart
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Néphrologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Lairez
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Cardiologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Michaud
- Clinique Ambroise-Paré, Medecine Interne, Toulouse, France
| | - David Ribes
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Néphrologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Grégoire Prévot
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pneumologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Sailler
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Medecine Interne, Toulouse, France
| | - Francis Gaches
- Hopital Joseph Ducuing, Medecine Interne, Toulouse, France
| | - Gregory Pugnet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Medecine Interne, Toulouse, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Toulouse, France; Clinique Saint-Exupery, Medecine Interne, Toulouse, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Néphrologie, Toulouse, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Cardiologie, Toulouse, France; Clinique Ambroise-Paré, Medecine Interne, Toulouse, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pneumologie, Toulouse, France; Hopital Joseph Ducuing, Medecine Interne, Toulouse, France; Centre D'investigation Clinique (CIC), 1436 PEPSS Team, Toulouse, France
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31
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Bronz G, Betti C, Rinoldi PO, Kottanattu L, Bianchetti MG, Consolascio D, Bergmann MM, Milani GP, Terziroli Beretta Piccoli B, Lava SAG. Infections or Vaccines Associated with Finkelstein-Seidlmayer Vasculitis: Systematic Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:490-498. [PMID: 35553000 PMCID: PMC9096064 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Finkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis, also referred to as acute hemorrhagic edema of young children, is a rare small-vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis. This condition is skin-limited, mainly affects infants up to 2 years of age and spontaneously remits. It has been suggested that an infection or a vaccine precede (by ≤ 14 days) this vasculitis. To better understand the interplay between infections or vaccines and Finkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis, we utilized the data contained in the Acute Hemorrhagic Edema BIbliographic Database AHEBID. The database, initiated in 2019, is being regularly updated, encompasses the entire original literature on Finkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis published after the original description and is attainable on request. The possible existence of an infectious or a vaccine precursor was addressed in 447 cases. Most cases were preceded by an infection (N = 384; 86%), by a vaccination (N = 20; 4.4%), or both an infection and a vaccination (N = 17; 3.8%). No precursor was reported in the remaining cases (N = 26; 5.8%). Two distinct infections preceded the onset of the vasculitis in 11 of the 381 cases with infection-associated Finkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis. The following infectious precursors were reported: upper respiratory tract infection (N = 292); acute gastroenteritis (N = 40); a benign febrile infection (N = 36); lower respiratory tract infection (N = 22); further infections (N = 8). The temporal relationship between the infectious precursor and the onset of the skin eruption was detailed in 336 cases: 54 cases developed before resolution and 282 after resolution of the infection. In conclusion, most cases of Finkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis are preceded by an infection. In a minority of cases, this skin vasculitis develops before resolution of the infection. In most cases, however, this vasculitis develops after resolution of the infection. More rarely, this vasculitis is preceded by a vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bronz
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Céline Betti
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Pietro O Rinoldi
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Kottanattu
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mario G Bianchetti
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Family Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Danilo Consolascio
- Family Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marcel M Bergmann
- Centro Pediatrico del Mendrisiotto, Mendrisio, Switzerland
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gregorio P Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano A G Lava
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Heart Failure and Transplantation, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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32
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Cho H. Diagnosis and management of monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance. Blood Res 2022; 57:20-26. [PMID: 35483921 PMCID: PMC9057659 DOI: 10.5045/br.2022.2022035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance" (MGCS) refers to any plasma cell or B-cell clonal disorder that does not meet the current criteria for malignant disorders but produces a monoclonal protein that directly or indirectly results in organ damage. The most commonly affected organs are the kidneys, nerves, and skin. This review summarizes the current classification of MGCS and its diagnostic and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Cho
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Fenoglio R, Sciascia S, Rossi D, Naretto C, Alpa M, Roccatello D. Non HCV-Related Mixed Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis With Biopsy-Proven Renal Involvement: The Effects of Rituximab. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:819320. [PMID: 35419372 PMCID: PMC8995745 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.819320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the countries where HCV infection is still endemic, about 90% of subjects with mixed cryoglobulinemia had previously been infected with HCV and about 80% are RNA positive. Remarkable results in severe HCV-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis have been obtained with Rituximab. Details of the clinical characteristics and effective treatment of non HCV-related cryogloulinemic syndromes are presently lacking. This paper reports on a prospective single-Center open study aimed at evaluating the clinical presentation and effects of Rituximab administered alone in patients with severe non HCV-related cryoglobulinemic syndrome. The study group included 11 patients followed for at least 6 months. Three patients had type I cryoglobulinemia, 6 had type II and the remaining 2 patients had type III. Mean cryocrit was 2.5%. Four out of 11 patients had symptomatic sicca complex with anti-SSA (Ro)/anti SSB (La) antibodies. All 11 patients presented with biopsy-proven renal involvement, 4 out of 11 with leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and 8 with involvement of the peripheral nervous system. Renal biopsy revealed diffuse membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in 9 out of 11 patients. Extracapillary proliferation and necrosis of the glomerular tuft was observed in 1 of these 9 cases. Interstitial nephritis together with mesangial expansion and capillary immune deposits were observed in 1 patient. Prevalent interstitial fibrosis and glomerular sclerosis were detected in the remaining case. Patients underwent treatment with rituximab alone. After 6 months we observed a remarkable improvement in the necrotizing skin ulcers and a substantial amelioration of the electrophysiological parameters of motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy. Improvement in both renal function (from 2.8 to 1.4 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and proteinuria (from 4.2 g/24 to 0.4 g/24 h, p < 0.001) was found in 10 out of 11 patients, while 1 could not be fully treated because of a severe infusion reaction and sudden development of anti-Rituximab antibodies. Good renal response was confirmed at the end of follow-up (38.4 months). Three patients had a relapse at 6, 12, and 48 months, respectively. In our cohort the administration of 4 once-weekly infusions of Rituximab followed by 2 more infusions after 1 and 2 months proved to be effective in the management of these rare patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fenoglio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (The European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network, The European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases, and the European Reference Network That Aims at Improving the Care of Patients With Rare Immunological Disorders), Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Sciascia
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (The European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network, The European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases, and the European Reference Network That Aims at Improving the Care of Patients With Rare Immunological Disorders), Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (The European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network, The European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases, and the European Reference Network That Aims at Improving the Care of Patients With Rare Immunological Disorders), Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Naretto
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (The European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network, The European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases, and the European Reference Network That Aims at Improving the Care of Patients With Rare Immunological Disorders), Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Mirella Alpa
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (The European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network, The European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases, and the European Reference Network That Aims at Improving the Care of Patients With Rare Immunological Disorders), Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (The European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network, The European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases, and the European Reference Network That Aims at Improving the Care of Patients With Rare Immunological Disorders), Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Gan C, Howard MD, Mulcahy A, Yazdabadi A. Painful ulcerations: the sole clinical sign of mixed cryoglobulinaemia secondary to marginal zone lymphoma. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e247780. [PMID: 35393272 PMCID: PMC8990703 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A man in his 70s with background vascular disease presented with 7 months of painful non-resolving lower leg ulcers with eschar and petechiae, left lower ear lobe ulceration and dusky inflammation of the right ear. He demonstrated good bilateral pedal pulses and no peripheral oedema. No lymphadenopathy was palpated.Biopsy suggested leucocytoclastic vasculitis on chronic stasis changes. Blood investigations showed elevated rheumatoid factor and mixed polyclonal IgG and monoclonal IgM cryoglobulins. He was diagnosed with mixed cryoglobulinaemia, and consequent conducted flow cytometry revealed CD5 +marginal zone lymphoma with elevated serum free light chains and kappa/lambda ratio.One-month following rituximab and chlorambucil therapy, the patient's pain had much improved, ear ulcers had healed and several leg ulcers had reduced in width and depth. The petechial eruption had also resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gan
- Dermatology, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anthea Mulcahy
- Dermatology, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anousha Yazdabadi
- Dermatology, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne University, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lavine N, Ohayon A, Mahroum N. Renal autoimmunity: The role of bacterial and viral infections, an extensive review. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103073. [PMID: 35245692 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is a process by which the loss of self-tolerance results in an immune attack against the body own tissues and organs. For autoimmunity to occur, various elements serving as triggers were described by which infections are considered one of the leading factors. In turn, renal involvement in autoimmune diseases, whether by an organ-specific attack, or as part of a systemic disease process, is well known. As bacterial and viral infections are considered to be common triggers for autoimmunity in general, we aimed to study their association with renal autoimmunity in particular. We performed an extensive search of the recent and relevant medical literature regarding renal autoimmunity syndromes such as infection-associated glomerulonephritis and vasculitis, associated with bacterial and viral infections. By utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, over 200 articles and case reports were reviewed. Among other mechanisms, direct infection of the renal parenchyma, molecular mimicry, induction of B-cells or secretion of superantigens, bacterial and viral pathogens were found to correlate with the development of renal autoimmunity. Nevertheless, this was not true for all pathogens, as some mimic autoimmune diseases and others show a surprisingly protective effect. The exact immunopathogenesis is yet to be determined, however. For conclusion, bacterial and viral infections are linked to renal autoimmunity by both direct damage and as mediators of systemic diseases. Further research particularly on the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of renal autoimmunity associated with infections is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noy Lavine
- St. George School of Medicine, University of London, London, UK; Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Aviran Ohayon
- St. George School of Medicine, University of London, London, UK; Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Naim Mahroum
- Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Danishwar M, Jamil Z, Khan S, Nakhla M, Ahmad I, Ali MA, Lau DTY. Persistence of Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis after DAA Induced HCV Cure. J Clin Med 2022; 11:984. [PMID: 35207257 PMCID: PMC8878349 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with a direct acting antiviral (DAA) has revolutionized HCV therapy, as more than 95% of patients achieve a sustained virological response (SVR). Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CryoVas), however, can persist and recur after the HCV cure. In this systematic review, we include data from 19 studies that provided information on the persistence and recurrence of CryoVas after the HCV cure with DAAs. A complete clinical response (CR) was reported in 63.7% to 90.2% of the DAA-treated patients after achieving SVR. Relapse of CryoVas symptoms was reported in 4% to 18% of the patients. Neuropathy, nephropathy, and dermatological complications were the most common manifestations of CryoVas. B-cell clones persisted in 31-40% of the patients and could contribute to CryoVas relapse. INFL3-rs12979860, ARNTL-rs648122, RETN-rs1423096, and SERPINE1-rs6976053 were associated with a higher incidence of persistence and recurrence of CryoVas. Prospective multicenter studies with diverse patient populations are needed to validate these findings for the timely and effective management of this challenging condition.
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Abstract
Skin manifestations of systemic disorders give a clue to the organ involved and help identify the possible disease-causing injury. Skin changes of liver cirrhosis are not specific, as they may be seen in disorders not involving the liver. Thus, a constellation of skin changes along with systemic features may help us to identify the disease-causing liver cirrhosis. Pruritus is one of the most common and distressful symptoms of liver cirrhosis, severely affecting the quality of life, which further necessitates understanding cutaneous manifestations of cirrhosis. Other nonspecific cutaneous manifestations include spider telangiectasia, palmar erythema, paper money skin, xanthomas, pigmentation changes, nutritional deficiencies, hair changes, and nail changes. This review discusses the nonspecific skin manifestations associated with liver cirrhosis followed by specific cutaneous findings seen in common diseases causing liver cirrhosis, such as viral infections, biliary tract disorders, chronic alcoholism, and metabolic disorders. Early recognition of cutaneous features can help prevent or delay the development of complications and end-stage disease, decreasing morbidity and mortality.
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Key Words
- HBV, Hepatitis B Virus
- HCV, Hepatitis C Virus
- LPA, Lysophosphatidic acid
- PAN, polyarteritis nodosa
- PBC, Primary biliary cirrhosis
- PCT, Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
- PSC, Primary Sclerosing cholangitis
- UROD, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- cirrhosis
- cutaneous manifestations
- skin changes
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Esson GA, Hussain AB, Meggitt SJ, Reynolds NJ, Sayer JA. Cutaneous manifestations of acute kidney injury. Clin Kidney J 2021; 15:855-864. [PMID: 35498882 PMCID: PMC9050542 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common medical problem with a multitude of aetiologies. Prompt diagnosis and management is key in the prevention of complications. Cutaneous signs can often give diagnostic clues of underlying systemic diseases causing AKI.
This review summarises cutaneous findings of diseases causing AKI in adults. Knowledge of such cutaneous signs could lead to earlier diagnosis of underlying kidney disease and facilitate management strategies in a timely manner.
Acute interstitial nephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki's disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (previously Wegener's granulomatosis), microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (previously Churg-Strauss syndrome), Henoch-Schonlein purpura, cryoglobulinaemia, Sjogren's Syndrome, systemic sclerosis, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis, and cholesterol embolisation syndrome were highlighted as diseases causing AKI with cutaneous manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A Esson
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amaani B Hussain
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon J Meggitt
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nick J Reynolds
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Renal Services, Freeman Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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39
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Sy-Go JPT, Thongprayoon C, Herrera Hernandez LP, Zoghby Z, Leung N, Manohar S. Rituximab-Associated Flare of Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:2840-2849. [PMID: 34805636 PMCID: PMC8589694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) can develop disease flare after rituximab administration. The objective of our study was to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics, predisposing factors, and outcomes of patients with rituximab-associated flare of CV. Methods We conducted a retrospective study in a tertiary referral center until March 25, 2020. Results Among 64 patients with CV who received rituximab therapy in our center, 14 (22%) developed disease flare. Median age was 67.5 years. Seven patients (50%) had type II CV and the other half had either type I (n = 6) or type III (n = 1). Twelve patients (86%) had an underlying B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder as the cause of their CV. CV flare occurred after a median time of 5.5 days (range: 2–8 days). The organ systems most involved were the skin (n = 10), kidneys (n = 5), and peripheral nerves (n = 3). Five patients (36%) developed acute kidney injury (AKI), 3 of whom presented with nephritic syndrome secondary to biopsy-proven membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Treatment was directed against the underlying disease in addition to supportive care. Patients who developed flare were more likely to have B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder as the underlying etiology of their CV (P = 0.03). Eight patients (57%) died after a median time of 27 months. Conclusions Rituximab-associated flare can occur in all types of CV, tends to arise approximately 2 days and less than 1 week after rituximab administration, and is more likely to happen in patients with an underlying B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. It does not indicate treatment failure, and rituximab should not be abandoned altogether. AKI is a common manifestation, and mortality rate at 2 years is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Paula T Sy-Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charat Thongprayoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Loren P Herrera Hernandez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ziad Zoghby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nelson Leung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sandhya Manohar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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40
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de Boysson H, Pagnoux C. Vasculiti del sistema nervoso centrale. Neurologia 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(21)45782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kolopp-Sarda MN, Miossec P. Practical Details for the Detection and Interpretation of Cryoglobulins. Clin Chem 2021; 68:282-290. [PMID: 34718470 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that precipitate at low temperature. Strict preanalytical and analytical conditions are critical for the detection of cryoglobulins. CONTENT This review will focus on practical recommendations for detection and characterization of cryoglobulins and the technical problems that may be encountered. A laboratory report format is proposed for presentation of these results that includes the parameters necessary for an optimal interpretation by clinicians. The first step of detection of cryoglobulins can be performed in any laboratory that has a 37 °C incubator and temperature-controlled centrifuge. The second step is the characterization of cryoglobulins, and this often must be performed in more specialized laboratories. Characterization includes immunoglobulin typing, for the classification of cryoglobulins and potential underlying disease(s); quantification of immunoglobulins and rheumatoid factor in the cryoprecipitate to define the pathogenicity; and quantification of serum complement, which is useful for diagnosis. SUMMARY These practical recommendations will be useful for the accurate detection of cryoglobulins, an essential step for the diagnosis of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, a rare but severe clinical manifestation of cryoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Nathalie Kolopp-Sarda
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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42
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Jung Y, Lee EE, Yeo J, Kim MH, Choi SR, Song YW. A Case of Overlap Syndrome of Systemic Sclerosis and Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis With Central Nervous System Involvement. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2021; 28:242-246. [PMID: 37476365 PMCID: PMC10324908 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2021.28.4.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mixed cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) is occasionally caused by autoimmune diseases including systemic sclerosis. Multiorgan involvement such as skin, kidney, and peripheral nerve involvement is common in mixed CV. However, central nervous system (CNS) involvement is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of overlap syndrome of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis and mixed cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with CNS involvement. The neurologic deficits and systemic symptoms improved promptly after steroid and cyclophosphamide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Emily Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jina Yeo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Rim Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Gragnani L, Lorini S, Marri S, Basile U, Santarlasci V, Monti M, Madia F, Petraccia L, Stasi C, Marello N, Napodano C, Annunziato F, Zignego AL. Hematological and Genetic Markers in the Rational Approach to Patients With HCV Sustained Virological Response With or Without Persisting Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis. Hepatology 2021; 74:1164-1173. [PMID: 33721342 PMCID: PMC8519006 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) usually lead to improvement/remission of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV), although symptoms may persist/recur after a sustained virological response (SVR). We evaluated hematological and genetic markers in patients with HCV-SVR vasculitis with and without persisting/recurring symptoms to early predict the CV outcome. APPROACH AND RESULTS Ninety-eight patients with HCV-CV were prospectively enrolled after a DAA-induced SVR: Group A: 52 with complete clinical response; Group B: 46 with symptom maintenance/recurrence. Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, t(14;18) translocation, and abnormal free light chains κ/λ ratios were detected by flow cytometry or nested-PCR or nephelometry in 4% Group A versus 17% Group B (P = 0.04) patients, 17% Group A versus 40% Group B patients (P = 0.02), and 17% Group A versus 47% Group B (P = 0.003) patients, respectively. At least 1 out of 3 clonality markers was altered/positive in 29% of Group A versus 70% of Group B patients (P < 0.0001). When available, pretherapy samples were also tested for t(14;18) translocation (detected in 12/37 [32%] Group A and 21/38 [55%] Group B) and κ/λ ratios (abnormal in 5/35 [14%] Group A and 20/38 [53%] Group B) (P = 0.0006), whereas at least one clonality marker was detected/altered in 16/37 (43%) Group A and 30/38 (79%) Group B (P = 0.002). CV-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms were tested by real-time PCR. Among them, notch4 rs2071286 T minor allele and TT genotype showed a higher frequency in Group B versus Group A (46% vs. 29%, P = 0.01, and 17% vs. 2%, P = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Hematological or genetic analyses could be used to foresee the CV clinical response after DAA therapy and could be valuable to assess a rational flowchart to manage CV during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gragnani
- MaSVE Interdepartmental Hepatology CenterDepartment of Experimental and clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceCenter for Research and Innovation CRIA‐MaSVEAOU CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Serena Lorini
- MaSVE Interdepartmental Hepatology CenterDepartment of Experimental and clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceCenter for Research and Innovation CRIA‐MaSVEAOU CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Silvia Marri
- MaSVE Interdepartmental Hepatology CenterDepartment of Experimental and clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceCenter for Research and Innovation CRIA‐MaSVEAOU CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Umberto Basile
- Area Diagnostica di LaboratorioFondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, I.R.C.C.S. RomeRomeItaly
| | - Veronica Santarlasci
- MaSVE Interdepartmental Hepatology CenterDepartment of Experimental and clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceCenter for Research and Innovation CRIA‐MaSVEAOU CareggiFlorenceItaly,Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Center and Immunotherapy (CDCI)Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Monica Monti
- MaSVE Interdepartmental Hepatology CenterDepartment of Experimental and clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceCenter for Research and Innovation CRIA‐MaSVEAOU CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Francesco Madia
- MaSVE Interdepartmental Hepatology CenterDepartment of Experimental and clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceCenter for Research and Innovation CRIA‐MaSVEAOU CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Luisa Petraccia
- MaSVE Interdepartmental Hepatology CenterDepartment of Experimental and clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceCenter for Research and Innovation CRIA‐MaSVEAOU CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Cristina Stasi
- MaSVE Interdepartmental Hepatology CenterDepartment of Experimental and clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceCenter for Research and Innovation CRIA‐MaSVEAOU CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Niccolò Marello
- MaSVE Interdepartmental Hepatology CenterDepartment of Experimental and clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceCenter for Research and Innovation CRIA‐MaSVEAOU CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Cecilia Napodano
- Dipartimento di scienze Mediche e ChirurgicheUOC Gastroenterologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” I.R.C.C.S.RomeItaly
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Center and Immunotherapy (CDCI)Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- MaSVE Interdepartmental Hepatology CenterDepartment of Experimental and clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceCenter for Research and Innovation CRIA‐MaSVEAOU CareggiFlorenceItaly
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Pocino K, Napodano C, Gragnani L, Ciasca G, Colantuono S, Marri S, Vantaggio L, Gulli F, Lorini S, Barini A, Stefanile A, Miele L, Casato M, Zignego AL, Rapaccini GL, Marino M, Visentini M, Basile U. Solving the mystery of HBV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia: potential biomarkers of disease progression. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:4418-4427. [PMID: 33590837 PMCID: PMC7928620 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The biomarkers of an immunological dysregulation due to a chronic HBV infection are indeed understudied. If untreated, this condition may evolve into liver impairment co-occurring with extrahepatic involvements. Here, we aim to identify a new panel of biomarkers [including immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses, RF, and Free Light Chains (FLCs)] that may be useful and reliable for clinical evaluation of HBV-related cryoglobulinemia. METHODS We retrospectively analysed clinical data from 44 HBV-positive patients. The patients were stratified (according to the presence/absence of mixed cryoglobulinemia) into two groups: 22 with cryoglobulins (CGs) and 22 without CGs. Samples from 20 healthy blood donors (HDs) were used as negative controls. Serum samples were tested for IgG subclasses, RF (-IgM, -IgG, and -IgA type), and FLCs. RESULTS We detected a strikingly different distribution of serum IgG subclasses between HDs and HBV-positive patients, together with different RF isotypes; in addition, FLCs were significantly increased in HBV-positive patients compared with HDs, while no significant difference was shown between HBV-positive patients with/without mixed cryoglobulinemia. CONCLUSION The immune-inflammatory response triggered by HBV may be monitored by a peculiar profile of biomarkers. Our results open a new perspective in the precision medicine era; in these challenging times, they could also be employed to monitor the clinical course of those COVID-19 patients who are at high risk of HBV reactivation due to liver impairment and/or immunosuppressive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krizia Pocino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ I.R.C.C.S, Rome
| | - Cecilia Napodano
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ I.R.C.C.S, Rome
| | - Laura Gragnani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Interdepartmental Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), University of Florence, Florence
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli I.R.C.C.S, Roma
| | - Stefania Colantuono
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Silvia Marri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Interdepartmental Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), University of Florence, Florence
| | - Lorenzo Vantaggio
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Francesca Gulli
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Ospedale Madre Giuseppina Vannini
| | - Serena Lorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Interdepartmental Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), University of Florence, Florence
| | - Antonella Barini
- Area Diagnostica di Laboratorio, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’, I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziata Stefanile
- Area Diagnostica di Laboratorio, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’, I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ I.R.C.C.S, Rome
| | - Milvia Casato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Interdepartmental Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), University of Florence, Florence
| | - Gian Ludovico Rapaccini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ I.R.C.C.S, Rome
| | - Mariapaola Marino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ I.R.C.C.S, Rome
| | - Marcella Visentini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Umberto Basile
- Area Diagnostica di Laboratorio, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’, I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
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Boleto G, Vieira M, Saadoun D, Cacoub P. Hepatitis C virus-related vasculitis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101575. [PMID: 33268038 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CryoVas) is a small-to-medium vessel systemic vasculitis caused by the deposition of mixed cryoglobulins and immune complexes. Clinical spectrum of CryoVas ranges from mild symptoms to vasculitis involving multiple organs that may progress to more life-threatening ilness. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection is the most frequent condition to be assessed in patients with CryoVas. The mortality rate among patients with HCV-associated CryoVas is 3× that of the general population, with a 63% 10-year survival rate. The recent advent of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which have the potential to induce sustained virological response rates greater than 95%, has dramatically changed the management of chronic HCV infection and HCV-related CryoVas. B-cell depleting strategies, mainly with rituximab, are the main therapeutic option in severe and refractory cases of HCV-associated CryoVas. Despite the progress in the last years on the management of chronic HCV infection, there are still unmet needs regarding therapeutic management of severe and refractory HCV-associated CryoVas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Boleto
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose, France
| | - Matheus Vieira
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose, France
| | - David Saadoun
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211, Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR S 959, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211, Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR S 959, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005, Paris, France.
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46
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Gragnani L, Lorini S, Marri S, Vacchi C, Madia F, Monti M, Ferri C, Zignego AL. Predictors of long-term cryoglobulinemic vasculitis outcomes after HCV eradication with direct-acting antivirals in the real-life. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 21:102923. [PMID: 34419670 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) is the most frequent extrahepatic manifestation during HCV-chronic infection. An effective Direct Acting Antiviral-treatment leads to CV clinical response in the majority of CV-patients although symptoms may persist/recur despite a sustained virological response. At present, no standardized clinical predictive factors for disease maintenance/recurrence were proposed, as emerged from a complete literature review we performed and reported. Here we provided a detailed descriptive analysis of a wide population of CV patients treated with DAA-based regimes and followed-up after therapy completion for longer than 72 weeks, in order to identify clinical or laboratory predictors of disease outcome and to optimize the patient management. Together with some baseline symptoms (neuropathy, weakness and sicca syndrome), two newly created scores, CV- and Global Severity Index, emerged as reliable and standardized tools to predict CV clinical response before initiating an antiviral therapy. In addition to predictive parameters previously proposed in the world literature, these novel Indexes could fill an unmet gap in the clinical management of the complex HCV-related CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gragnani
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Lorini
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Marri
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Vacchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Madia
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Monti
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Han HX, Cao XX, Su W, Shen KN, Zhang L, Zhou DB, Li J. [Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with type Ⅱ cryoglobulinemia]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:447-451. [PMID: 34384149 PMCID: PMC8295613 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
目的 探讨Ⅱ型冷球蛋白血症患者的临床特征及预后。 方法 回顾性分析2015年5月至2020年1月北京协和医院确诊的61例Ⅱ型冷球蛋白血症患者的临床资料。 结果 61例患者中,男性26例(42.6%),中位诊断年龄为53(28~79)岁。继发病因包括丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染(21.3%)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染(21.3%)、自身免疫性疾病(14.8%)和血液系统肿瘤(11.5%)。31.1%患者为特发性。常见首诊症状包括皮肤紫癜、蛋白尿、血尿、肾功能不全、发热及关节痛。实验室检查显示,中位冷球蛋白水平为215.9(22.0~17 075.8)g/L,54例(88.5%)为IgM单克隆。类风湿因子(RF)升高患者占93.2%,C3下降患者占57.6%,C4下降患者占61.0%。共49例(80.3%)患者接受治疗,总体临床缓解率为75.5%,预计3年总生存率为89.3%。 结论 Ⅱ型冷球蛋白血症是一种多系统受累的全身性疾病,病因以肝炎病毒感染多见。早期诊断和干预对于改善预后有重要意义。
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Han
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X X Cao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - W Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - K N Shen
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - D B Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Perinkulam Sathyanarayanan S, Hamid K, Narayana Gowda S, Hoerschgen K. Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole–Induced Type 2 Cryoglobulinemia and Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis. Am J Ther 2021; 29:e592-e594. [DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Nelveg-Kristensen KE, Paterson A, Willcocks LC. Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis diagnostic and treatment recommendations. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:iii39-iii42. [PMID: 34137869 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Paterson
- Vasculitis and Lupus Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa C Willcocks
- Vasculitis and Lupus Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
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50
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Nevola R, Rinaldi L, Zeni L, Romano C, Marrone A, Galiero R, Pafundi PC, Acierno C, Vetrano E, Adinolfi LE. Changes in clinical scenarios, management, and perspectives of patients with chronic hepatitis C after viral clearance by direct-acting antivirals. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:643-656. [PMID: 33445990 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1877136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes a systemic infection inducing hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. These latter involve cardiovascular system, kidney, brain, endocrine, glucose, and lipid metabolism, and the immune system. HCV infection is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality for both hepatic and extrahepatic events. Direct-acting antivirals (DAA), introduced in the most recent years for HCV treatment, are effective in up to 99% of cases and have changed the clinical scenarios and management of these patients. AREAS COVERED The literature on the impact of HCV clearance by DAA on both hepatic and extrahepatic disease outcomes has been analyzed and discussed in this review in order to summarize the full therapeutic potential and its weaknesses. EXPERT OPINION Patients achieving HCV clearance have improved hepatic and extrahepatic diseases, quality of life and survival. They have lower incidence of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, kidney damage, and immuno-mediated manifestations. However, the improvements are related to the degree of pre-treatment organ damage. Therefore, a significant percentage of patients with advanced disease remains at risk of morbidity and mortality and must be monitored in the post-treatment. In addition, data emphasize the importance of starting treatment during the early stages of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nevola
- Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Letizia Zeni
- Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Romano
- Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Marrone
- Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Acierno
- Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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