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Türk N, Arslan G, Kaya A, Güç E, Turan ME. Psychological maltreatment, meaning-centered coping, psychological flexibility, and suicide cognitions: A moderated mediation model. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106735. [PMID: 38569454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems are currently diversifying, increasing the possibility of suicide. Exposure to psychological maltreatment is one of the factors that increases suicidal cognitions. In addition, psychological flexibility and meaning-centered approaches may be effective in coping with suicidal cognitions. OBJECTIVE A hypothesized model was tested to examine the relationships among psychological maltreatment, suicidal cognitions, psychological flexibility, and meaning-centered coping. METHOD Data were collected from a sample of 652 participants. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted to examine the mediating and moderating role of psychological flexibility and meaning-centered coping in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and suicide cognitions among Turkish adults. RESULTS The results of the study indicated significant negative and positive relationships between psychological maltreatment, suicide cognitions, psychological flexibility, and meaning-centered coping. The findings suggest that psychological flexibility and meaning-centered coping have a serial mediating effect on the relationship between psychological maltreatment and suicide cognitions. Furthermore, according to the study results, psychological flexibility plays a moderating role both between psychological maltreatment and suicidal cognitions and between meaning-centered coping and suicidal cognitions. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that psychological maltreatment can be considered as a risk factor and meaning-centered coping and psychological flexibility as protective factors in suicide prevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Türk
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Siirt University, Turkey.
| | - Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Education, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Turkey; Centre for Wellbeing Science, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Alican Kaya
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Güç
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Siirt University, Turkey.
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Flanagan C, Troup LJ. Psychological flexibility, birth satisfaction and postnatal trauma symptoms in women with abnormally invasive placenta. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2024; 42:269-280. [PMID: 35829690 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2022.2100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormally Invasive Placenta is an obstetric condition resulting in significant physical complications and shown to increase the likelihood of developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Dissatisfaction with the care experienced increases the likelihood of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Psychological flexibility has been shown to reduce the severity of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, but there is no research regarding either of these in women with Abnormally Invasive Placenta. AIM To investigate if there is a relationship between trauma experience in women with a diagnosis of Abnormally Invasive Placenta, psychological flexibility, and birth satisfaction. METHOD Using a retrospective questionnaire, 126 participants age range 18-45, comprising the Birth Satisfaction Scale Revised Indicator (BSS-RI), Impact of Events Scale Revised (IES-R) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-2) was completed. A hierarchical regression assessed the predictive relationship of Psychological Flexibility and Birth Satisfaction on Trauma symptoms. RESULTS The relationship between Birth Satisfaction measured using the BSS-RI and likelihood of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (IES-R) was not supported (r (124) = -.08, p = .36). Results did show that Psychological Flexibility (AAQ-2) correlated with Trauma Score (IES-R) (r (124) = .68, p < .001) in women who had experienced Abnormally Invasive Placenta and explained 45.3% of the variance. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in those with Abnormally Invasive Placenta is as high as 1 in 2 and can be mediated by psychological flexibility. In turn, this suggests that interventions to increase Psychological Flexibility in those with the diagnosis may reduce trauma symptom severity.Abbreviations: AAQ-2 - Acceptance and Action QuestionnaireAIP - Abnormally Invasive PlacentaBAME - Black Asian or other Minority EthnicitiesBSS-RI Birth Satisfaction Scale Revised IndicatorEPH - EPH Gestosis (Pre eclampsia/Eclampsia)DSM - Diagnostic Statical ManualIES-R - Impact of Events Scale RevisedPAS - Placenta Accreta SpectrumPTSD - Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Flanagan
- Division of Psychology, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland UK
| | - Lucy J Troup
- Division of Psychology, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland UK
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Moscardini EH, Robinson A, Gerner J, Tucker RP. Perceived stress and suicidal ideation: The role of dispositional mindfulness. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:776-786. [PMID: 37530498 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extant literature suggests that dispositional mindfulness may reduce the impact perceived stress has on the severity of suicidal ideation (SI). Only one study has analyzed this question but did so with a cross-sectional design in a sample of undergraduate women. METHODS This study analyzed the potential moderating role of dispositional mindfulness on the relation between perceived stress and SI cross-sectionally and at one-week follow-up in a sample of US adults (N = 598) with a history of SI. RESULTS Results indicated that dispositional mindfulness and its facets were inversely related to perceived stress, SI severity at baseline, and SI severity one week later. At baseline, regression results indicated that only the nonreacting component of dispositional mindfulness interacted with perceived stress to concurrently predict SI severity. This relation was not significant when SI severity was measured one week later. LIMITATIONS Study results are limited by the high attrition rate from baseline to follow-up and the relatively homogeneous sample. CONCLUSION Study results indicate that dispositional mindfulness, particularly components related to nonreacting, is inversely related to SI severity concurrently but not prospectively. Interventions focused on mindfulness skills, particularly skills around nonreaction to inner experience, may be beneficial for those considering suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Moscardini
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anthony Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jessica Gerner
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Raymond P Tucker
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Patel TA, Blakey SM, Halverson TF, Mann AJD, Calhoun PS, Beckham JC, Pugh MJ, Kimbrel NA. Experiential Avoidance, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: A Moderation Analysis in a National Veteran Sample. Int J Cogn Ther 2023; 1:10.1007/s41811-023-00164-2. [PMID: 37360585 PMCID: PMC10288701 DOI: 10.1007/s41811-023-00164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Experiential avoidance (EA) is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) across different populations, and extant literature has demonstrated a strong relationship between PTSD and SITBs. However, no study has explored the potential moderating role EA plays in the association of PTSD with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. The objective of the present study was to determine if EA would moderate the association with PTSD and SITBs such that the association between PTSD and individuals SITBs would be stronger among individuals with higher EA. In a large national sample of Gulf War Era veterans (N = 1,138), EA was associated with PTSD, lifetime and past-year NSSI, current suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicide attempts in bivariate analyses. Multivariate analyses detected a significant EA by PTSD interaction on lifetime NSSI (AOR = 0.96), past-year NSSI (AOR = 1.03), and suicide attempts (AOR =1.03). Probing of the interactions revealed that the respective associations between PTSD, lifetime and past-year NSSI, and suicide attempts were stronger at lower levels of EA (i.e., better), counter to our hypotheses. These preliminary findings contextualize the relationship between these variables in a Gulf War veterans sample and signal the need to further investigate these relationships. Further, these findings highlight the need for advancement in assessment and intervention of EA and SITBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan A. Patel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University; Tallahassee, FL
| | | | - Tate F. Halverson
- Durham VA Health Care System; Durham, NC
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center; Durham, NC
| | | | - Patrick S. Calhoun
- Durham VA Health Care System; Durham, NC
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center; Durham, NC
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham VA Health Care System; Durham, NC
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center; Durham, NC
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC
| | - Mary J. Pugh
- VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City; UT
- University of Utah School of Medicine Department of Medicine; Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham VA Health Care System; Durham, NC
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center; Durham, NC
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC
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Flowers J, Eddy A, McCullough N, Christopher M, Kennedy CH. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes Differentially Predict Aspects of Mental Health. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231169673. [PMID: 37052148 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231169673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Psychological flexibility relates to various aspects of mental health, including psychological distress and adaptive mental health. The CompACT has been developed to assess psychological flexibility by quantifying psychological flexibility as a multidimensional whole, and by three processes of psychological flexibility including, Openness to Experience (OE), Behavioral Awareness (BA), and Valued Action (VA). The current study examined the unique predictive property of each three process of the CompACT with aspects of mental health. Participants (N = 593) were a diverse sample of United States adults. Our results found OE and BA significantly predicted depression, anxiety, and stress. OE and VA significantly predicted satisfaction with life, and all three processes significantly predicted resilience. Our results support multidimensional assessment of psychological flexibility when examining aspects of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Flowers
- School of Graduate Psychology, Phacific University Health Professions Campus, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Ashley Eddy
- School of Graduate Psychology, Phacific University Health Professions Campus, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Nicole McCullough
- School of Graduate Psychology, Phacific University Health Professions Campus, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Michael Christopher
- School of Graduate Psychology, Phacific University Health Professions Campus, Hillsboro, OR, USA
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Garner EV, Golijani-Moghaddam N, Sabin-Farrell R. Psychological flexibility as a predictor of professional quality of life in newly qualified psychological therapy practitioners. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Wortmann JH, Nieuwsma JA, Cantrell W, Fernandez P, Smigelsky M, Meador K. Chaplain Training in Evidence-Based Practices to Promote Mental Health and Improve Care for Suicidality in Veterans and Service Members. Arch Suicide Res 2023; 27:122-134. [PMID: 34520687 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.1972884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chaplains are key care providers in a comprehensive approach to suicide prevention, which is a priority area for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD). In a cohort of 87 VA and military chaplains who completed the Mental Health Integration for Chaplain Services (MHICS) training-an intensive, specialty education in evidence-based psychosocial and collaborative approaches to mental health care-we assessed chaplains' self-perceptions, intervention behaviors, and use of evidence-based practices, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Problem-Solving Therapy (PST), and Motivational Interviewing (MI), in providing care for suicidality. METHOD Chaplains responded to a battery of items Pre- and Post-training and provided deidentified case examples describing their use of evidence-based practices in spiritual care for service members and veterans (SM/V) on various levels of a suicide prevention continuum. RESULTS Post-training, chaplains reported increased abilities to provide care and mobilize collaborative resources. Over the course of MHICS, 87% of chaplains used one or more evidence-based practices with a SM/V at risk for suicide or acutely suicidal. Fifty-six percent of chaplains reported intervening with an acutely suicidal SM/V by using principles from ACT, 36% PST, and 48% MI. With persons at risk for suicide, 81% used principles from ACT, 66% PST, and 71% MI. Cases exemplified diverse evidence-based practice applications. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate chaplains trained in evidence-based practices report effective application in caring for SM/V who are suicidal, thus offering a valuable resource to meet needs in a priority area for VA and DoD.HIGHLIGHTSChaplains provide essential care for SM/V who are at risk for suicide or acutely suicidalTraining helps chaplains mobilize interdisciplinary and community resources in suicide careEvidence-based practices can effectively integrate within the scope of chaplaincy practice for suicide care.
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Ou MJ, Xu XH, Chen H, Chen FR, Shen S. Development and preliminary validation of Cancer-related Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1052726. [PMID: 36935974 PMCID: PMC10017436 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1052726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cancer-related Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (CPFQ) was developed and validated for assessing cancer patients' psychological flexibility, including attitudes and behavior toward cancer. In a systematic process, the CPFQ identified four factors through principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis: Cancer Acceptance, Cancer Avoidance, Activity Engagement, and Valued Action. The results of this study reveal that the CPFQ has a clear factor structure and good psychometric properties. The specific nature of cancer and the need for a specific measure of cancer patient psychological flexibility make this questionnaire valuable for research on psychological flexibility in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-jun Ou
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-hua Xu
- Health Service Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-rong Chen
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuai Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University/The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Shen,
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Sun T, Zhang SE, Yin HY, Li QL, Li Y, Li L, Gao YF, Huang XH, Liu B. Can resilience promote calling among Chinese nurses in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic? The mediating role of thriving at work and moderating role of ethical leadership. Front Psychol 2022; 13:847536. [PMID: 36160539 PMCID: PMC9491387 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.847536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU) clung tenaciously to their job during the COVID-19 pandemic in spite of enduring stressed psychological and physical effects as a result of providing nursing care for the infected patients, which indicates that they possessed a high degree of professionalism and career calling. The aim of this study was to explain the associations between resilience, thriving at work, and ethical leadership influencing the calling of ICU nurses. Methods From December 2020 to January 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic, a cross-sectional survey of 15 provinces in China was conducted using an online questionnaire. A total of 340 ICU nurses (effective response rate: 64.89%) completed sufficient responses to be used in the study. Sociodemographic factors, job demographic factors, resilience, calling, thriving at work, and ethical leadership were assessed using the questionnaire. General linear modeling (GLM), hierarchical linear regression (HLR) analysis, and generalized additive model (GAM) were performed to examine all the considered research hypotheses. Results Resilience was positively and significantly associated with calling. Moreover, thriving at work partially mediated the relationship between resilience and calling. The indirect effect of resilience on calling was 0.204 (p < 0.0001), and the direct effect of resilience on calling through thriving at work was 0.215 (p < 0.0001). The total effect of resilience on calling was 0.419 (p < 0.0001). In addition, ethical leadership played a moderating role in the relationship between resilience and calling (β = 0.16, p < 0.05). Conclusion Greater resilience can positively predict increased calling among Chinese ICU nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, thriving at work is a mechanism that partly transmits the positive effects of resilience on calling. Overall, nurses possessing greater resilience tend to maintain thriving at work in the face of such adversity, further resulting in subsequently increased calling. Besides, findings suggest that there is stronger influence of resilience on calling among nurses working in an organization managed by an ethical leader. The current findings may offer two insights for nursing practitioners and policymakers in the postpandemic world. First, resilience training and intervention are necessary to foster nurses' sense of thriving at work in the nursing industry, further promoting career calling. Second, better training and effort on the development of ethical leadership for leaders in nursing practice are essential to encourage followers to engage in social learning of ethical behaviors and abiding by normatively appropriate conduct, further enacting prosocial values and expressing moral emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-e Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-yan Yin
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Qing-lin Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Administration, School of Law, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-fang Gao
- Institute of Hospital Management, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian-hong Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology and Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Johns G, Waddington L, Samuel V. Prevalence and predictors of mental health outcomes in UK doctors and final year medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:267-275. [PMID: 35569608 PMCID: PMC9098653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health of doctors is an ongoing concern, both prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to: i) assess the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and burnout in UK doctors and final year medical students during the pandemic, and ii) analyse the hypothesised relationships between psychological flexibility, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience with these mental health outcomes. METHODS A cross-sectional online study of UK-based doctors and final year medical students was conducted between 27/09/2020 and 31/01/2021. Outcomes were measured using the PHQ9, GAD7, PCL-5, and aMBI. Independent variables included the CompACT-SF, IUS-12, and CD-RISC-10. Descriptive statistics, between-group analyses, and multiple regression were performed. RESULTS Prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 26.3%, depression 21.9%, PTSD 11.8%, and burnout 10.8%. Psychological flexibility negatively predicted all outcomes, apart from low personal achievement. Intolerance of uncertainty positively predicted anxiety and PTSD scores. Resilience negatively predicted scores on burnout subscales. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design and non-probability sampling method means that assumptions about causality cannot be made and may have implications for bias and generalisability of results. CONCLUSION Doctors and medical students in the UK reported high levels of mental health symptoms during the pandemic, between September 2020 and January 2021. All three independent variables explained significant variance in mental health outcomes. Psychological flexibility was the most consistent predictor, over and above sociodemographic variables and other psychological predictors. These findings have implications for interventions to improve retention of our essential medical workforce, and for providing support at future times of national crisis.
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Li Q, Xia B, Zhang H, Wang W, Wang X. College students' cyberloafing and the sense of meaning of life: The mediating role of state anxiety and the moderating role of psychological flexibility. Front Public Health 2022; 10:905699. [PMID: 35958850 PMCID: PMC9362957 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.905699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the gradual penetration of network media into various fields of people's life, the relationship between network behavior and the sense of meaning of life is bound to be closer and closer. The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating role of state anxiety between cyber loafing and the sense of meaning of life, and the moderating role of psychological flexibility in this mediating relationship. Methodology With 964 undergraduates recruited as subjects three-wave-time-lagged quantitative research design was conducted in China. All participants were required to complete a self-reported electronic questionnaire. Then, the mediating mechanism and moderating effect were explored with utilization of SPSS25.0. Results The results showed that cyberloafing had significant negative correlation with the sense of meaning of life. Our analysis testing the mediating effect showed that state anxiety partially mediated the relationship between cyberloafing and the sense of meaning of life (indirect effect = −0.05, p < 0.01,), while the mediating effect was 31.25% of the total effect. Our analysis testing the moderating effect showed that psychological flexibility significantly moderated the relationship between cyberloafing and state anxiety (interaction effect = −0.26, p < 0.01). And our analysis testing the moderated mediating effect showed that psychological flexibility played a moderating role in the mediating effect of state anxiety. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, college students' cyberloafing negatively affects their sense of meaning of life. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to supervise and restrict college students' Internet use and provide them with corresponding guidance; certain psychological adjustment measures should also be taken when necessary to help college students with low psychological flexibility in reducing their state anxiety and improving their sense of meaning of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- School of Marxism, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingnan Xia
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijia Zhang
- Office of Academic Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou College of Commerce, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hangzhou Zhongxing Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochen Wang
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Pellerin N, Raufaste E, Corman M, Teissedre F, Dambrun M. Psychological resources and flexibility predict resilient mental health trajectories during the French covid-19 lockdown. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10674. [PMID: 35739290 PMCID: PMC9219392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of lockdowns and the Covid-19 pandemic situation have negatively impacted mental health (anxiety, depression). However, little is known about individual differences in the longitudinal reactions to lockdown. We designed a longitudinal study (a) to identify the various trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population during and after lockdown; (b) to determine which positive psychological resources prevent individuals from falling into groups with the most severe trajectories; (c) to test the mediating role of psychological flexibility. We collected and analysed longitudinal data on a sample of French participants (N = 1399, Mage = 43.4; SDage = 12; 87.8% women) during the end of the first lockdown. Participants were asked to report their psychological resources and (in)flexibility at baseline and symptoms of anxiety and depression at each measurment occasion (five weekly observations from 17 March to 11 May 2020, including baseline). Using growth mixture modelling, seven dynamic profiles of symptoms were identified: four for depression and three for anxiety. Resilience emerged as the most frequent trajectory. Wisdom, optimism, hope, self-efficacy and peaceful disengagement significantly prevented individuals from belonging to the symptomatic groups. Moreover, psychological flexibility emerged as a significant mediator of these effects. This study highlights the importance of cultivating protective factors and psychological flexibility to prevent mental health damage during potentially traumatic events (PTE) and to favour resilience trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pellerin
- CLLE, CNRS UMR 5263, Universite Toulouse 2 Jean Jaures (UT2J), 5 Allees A. Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex, France.
| | - Eric Raufaste
- CLLE, CNRS UMR 5263, Universite Toulouse 2 Jean Jaures (UT2J), 5 Allees A. Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Maya Corman
- LAPSCO, CNRS UMR 6024, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Michael Dambrun
- LAPSCO, CNRS UMR 6024, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Boffa JW, Tock JL, Morabito DM, Schmidt NB. Measuring Psychological Inflexibility of Suicidal Thoughts: The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Suicidal Ideation (AAQ-SI). COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-022-10309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Igarashi Y, Staples J, Vigil S, Pero G, Gardner R, Thomat A, Abascal L. The impact of psychological flexibility in the relationship between discrimination and internalized transnegativity among transgender and gender expansive adults. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Examining the associations between PTSD symptoms and aspects of emotion dysregulation through network analysis. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 86:102536. [PMID: 35121479 PMCID: PMC8922552 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the clearly established link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotion dysregulation, little is known about how individual symptoms of PTSD and aspects of emotion dysregulation interrelate. The network approach to mental health disorders provides a novel framework for conceptualizing the association between PTSD and emotion dysregulation as a system of interacting nodes. In this study, we estimated the structural relations among PTSD symptoms and aspects of emotion dysregulation within a large sample of women who participated in a multi-site study of sexual revictimization (N = 463). We estimated expected influence to reveal differential associations among PTSD symptoms and aspects of emotion dysregulation. Further, we estimated bridge expected influence to identify influential nodes connecting PTSD symptoms and aspects of emotion dysregulation. Results highlighted the key role of concentration difficulties in expected influence and bridge expected influence. Findings highlight several PTSD symptoms and aspects of emotion dysregulation that may be targets for future intervention.
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Szarko AJ, Houmanfar RA, Smith GS, Jacobs NN, Smith BM, Assemi K, Piasecki M, Baker TK. Impact of Acceptance and Commitment Training on psychological flexibility and burnout in medical education. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Baker LD, Stroman JC, Kalantar EA, Bock RC, Berghoff CR. Indirect Associations Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Other Psychiatric Symptoms, Alcohol Use, and Well-being via Psychological Flexibility Among Police Officers. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:55-65. [PMID: 33821526 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Police officers experience a high number of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) often associated with elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). In addition, PTSS are related to co-occurring psychiatric symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression), alcohol misuse, and low perceived well-being. Yet, behavioral processes that may account for the associations between PTSS and unfavorable outcomes remain unspecified. Psychological flexibility, or one's response to private experiences (e.g., PTE-related memories) with an open, aware, and active approach, may be one such process. The present study aimed to evaluate psychological flexibility as both a mediator and moderator of PTSS and commonly co-occurring psychiatric symptoms, alcohol use, and general well-being, using cross-sectional data provided by a sample of police officers (N = 459) recruited from three regionally distributed U.S. police agencies. Structural equation modeling indicated a well-fitting model wherein psychological flexibility indirectly accounted for associations among PTSS and endogenous outcomes, χ2 (107, N = 457) = 225.33, p < .001, CFI = .99, TLI = .98, RMSEA = .05, 90% CI [.04, .06], SRMR = .03. Psychological flexibility also moderated associations between PTSS and psychiatric symptoms, B = 1.58 (SE = 0.22), p < .001; and well-being, B = -3.84 (SE = 0.46), p < .001. Although additional research is needed, these preliminary results suggest psychological flexibility may be a behavioral process that accounts for negative outcomes associated with PTSS and a productive intervention target in the context of PTSS and generalized distress. Further research regarding the role of psychological flexibility in PTSS-related outcomes for police officers appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Joel C Stroman
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Emily A Kalantar
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Rachel C Bock
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
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18
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Azadfar Z, Khosravi Z, Farah Bijari A, Abdollahi A. The Persian version of the centrality of event scale (CES): Assessment of validity and reliability among Iranian university students. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e32448. [PMID: 34825512 PMCID: PMC8785629 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Event centrality, the extent to which an experience is perceived as a central event in one's life, has been found to be a strong correlate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The centrality of event scale (CES) is commonly used in different conditions and cultures to measure trauma-related effects. However, the psychometric properties of this scale have not been investigated in the Iranian context. METHODS The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Persian translation of the 7-item CES in a sample of 525 university students with a history of a romantic breakup. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a one-factor structure. The CES score was positively correlated with psychological inflexibility and PTSD symptoms. The measurement invariance analyses showed that the 7-item CES is gender invariant and can be used for both men and women. FINDINGS Findings supported the good psychometric properties of the 7-item CES for measuring event centrality in Iranian university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Azadfar
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Education and PsychologyAlzahra UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zohreh Khosravi
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Education and PsychologyAlzahra UniversityTehranIran
| | - Azam Farah Bijari
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Education and PsychologyAlzahra UniversityTehranIran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of CounselingFaculty of Education and PsychologyAlzahra UniversityTehranIran
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Blakey SM, Halverson TF, Evans MK, Patel TA, Hair LP, Meyer EC, DeBeer BB, Beckham JC, Pugh MJ, Calhoun PS, Kimbrel NA. Experiential avoidance is associated with medical and mental health diagnoses in a national sample of deployed Gulf War veterans. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:17-24. [PMID: 34314990 PMCID: PMC8429252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A substantial minority of deployed Gulf War veterans developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and several chronic illnesses. Although military combat and exposure to certain nuclear, biological, and chemical agents (NBCs) increase risk for post-deployment health problems, they do not fully explain many Gulf War veteran health diagnoses and are not viable treatment targets. Experiential avoidance (EA; one's unwillingness to remain in contact with unpleasant internal experiences) is a modifiable psychosocial risk factor associated with PTSD and depression in veterans as well as pain and gastrointestinal diseases in the general population. In this study, we recruited a national sample of deployed Gulf War veterans (N = 454) to test the hypothesis that greater EA would be significantly associated with higher lifetime odds of PTSD, depression, "Gulf War Illness" (GWI/CMI), and other chronic illnesses common in this veteran cohort. Participants completed a self-report battery assessing demographic, military-related, and health-related information. Multivariate analyses showed that after adjusting for age, sex, race, combat exposure, and NBC exposure, worse EA was associated with higher lifetime odds of PTSD, depression GWI/CMI, gastrointestinal problems, irritable bowel syndrome, arthritis, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome (ORs ranged 1.25 to 2.89; effect sizes ranged small to large), but not asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Our findings suggest medical and mental health providers alike should assess for EA and potentially target EA as part of a comprehensive, biopsychosocial approach to improving Gulf War veterans' health and wellbeing. Study limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Blakey
- Durham VA Health Care System, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, 3022 Croasdaile Dr., Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
| | - Tate F Halverson
- Durham VA Health Care System, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
| | - Mariah K Evans
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC 3625, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Tapan A Patel
- Durham VA Health Care System, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
| | - Lauren P Hair
- Durham VA Health Care System, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC 3625, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Eric C Meyer
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, 4028 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Bryann B DeBeer
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, 1700 N Wheeling St, G-3-116M, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, 12631 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Jean C Beckham
- Durham VA Health Care System, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, 3022 Croasdaile Dr., Durham, NC, 27705, USA; Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC 3625, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Mary J Pugh
- VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, 500 Foothill Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA; University of Utah School of Medicine Department of Medicine, 30 N. 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Patrick S Calhoun
- Durham VA Health Care System, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, 3022 Croasdaile Dr., Durham, NC, 27705, USA; Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC 3625, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Nathan A Kimbrel
- Durham VA Health Care System, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, 3022 Croasdaile Dr., Durham, NC, 27705, USA; Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC 3625, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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20
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Investigating the role of psychological inflexibility, mindfulness, and self-compassion in PTSD. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Yıldız E. Posttraumatic growth and positive determinants in nursing students after COVID-19 alarm status: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1876-1887. [PMID: 33728659 PMCID: PMC8251109 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the relationship between posttraumatic growth (PTG), psychological flexibility, and psychological resilience of nursing students after the COVID-19 alarm status. DESIGN AND METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with nursing students (N = 292) studying at a nursing school of a university. The data collection instruments included a form on descriptive variables, and the PTG, psychological flexibility, and psychological resilience scales. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t test, ANOVA, correlation, simple, and hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to analyze the data. FINDINGS The mean scores regarding psychological flexibility, psychological resilience, and PTG were 27.56 ± 11.06, 18.10 ± 5.75, and 63.49 ± 20.64, respectively. While psychological flexibility explained 36.7% of the total variance in psychological resilience, the predictive effect of seven descriptive variables, including psychological flexibility and psychological resilience, on PTG was determined as 13.4%. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS PTG, psychological flexibility, and psychological resilience may help nursing students prepare for their transition to the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Yıldız
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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22
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Beattie KL, Hill A, Horswill MS, Grove PM, Stevenson ARL. Aptitude and attitude: predictors of performance during and after basic laparoscopic skills training. Surg Endosc 2021; 36:3467-3479. [PMID: 34370121 PMCID: PMC8351236 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Manual dexterity and visual-spatial ability are considered key to the development of superior laparoscopic skills. Nevertheless, these abilities do not reliably explain all the variance found in the technical performance of surgical trainees. Consequently, we must look beyond these abilities to improve our understanding of laparoscopic skills and to better identify/develop surgical potential earlier on. Purpose To assess the individual and collective impact of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological variables on performance during and after basic simulation-based laparoscopic skills training. Method Thirty-four medical students (laparoscopic novices) completed a proficiency-based laparoscopic skills training program (using either a 2D or 3D viewing mode). This was followed by one testing session, a follow-up testing session with new (yet similar) tasks, and a series of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological measures. Results The statistical models that best predicted variance in training performance metrics included four variables: viewingmode (2D vs 3D), psychologicalflexibility, perceivedtaskdemands, and manualdexterity (bimanual). In subsequent testing, a model that included viewingmode and manualdexterity (assembly) best predicted performance on the pre-practiced tasks. However, for a highly novel, spatially complex laparoscopic task, performance was best predicted by a model that comprised viewingmode, visual-spatialability, and perceivedtaskdemands. At follow-up, manualdexterity (assembly) alone was the best predictor of performance on new (yet similar) tasks. Conclusion By focussing exclusively on physical/cognitive abilities, we may overlook other important predictors of surgical performance (e.g. psychological variables). The present findings suggest that laparoscopic performance may be more accurately explained through the combined effects of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological variables. Further, the results suggest that the predictors may change with both task demands and the development of the trainee. This study highlights the key role of psychological skills in overcoming initial training challenges, with far-reaching implications for practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Beattie
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Andrew Hill
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Clinical Skills Development Service, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
- Minerals Industry Safety and Health Centre, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark S Horswill
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip M Grove
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew R L Stevenson
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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23
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Roads less travelled to self-forgiveness: Can psychological flexibility overcome chronic guilt/shame to achieve genuine self-forgiveness? JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Garner EV, Golijani-Moghaddam N. Relationship between psychological flexibility and work-related quality of life for healthcare professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Kato T. Moderation Effects of Coping Flexibility on the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Risk. CRISIS 2021; 43:398-403. [PMID: 34128687 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study focused on poor coping flexibility, which involves the perseveration of a failed coping strategy, as a moderator of the association between depression and suicidal risk; no study has previously examined the association between coping flexibility and suicidal risk. Aims: This study examined whether individuals with lower coping flexibility would have a stronger suicidal risk when experiencing depression above a certain level. Method: Participants, who were 682 college students, answered questionnaires regarding coping flexibility, depressive symptoms, and suicidal risk. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that in individuals with greater depressive symptoms, lower coping flexibility was associated with higher suicidal risk, but this was not the case in individuals without depressive symptoms. Our hypothesis was supported. Limitations: Our findings cannot indicate the causal direction of the association between coping flexibility and depressive symptoms and suicidal risk. Conclusion: Our findings may be useful in understanding the association between depression and suicidal risk through coping flexibility and contribute to reductions in suicidal risk, as coping flexibility can be improved through training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Kato
- Department of Social Psychology, Tokyo University, Japan
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26
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Kyron MJ, Rees CS, Lawrence D, Carleton RN, McEvoy PM. Prospective risk and protective factors for psychopathology and wellbeing in civilian emergency services personnel: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:517-532. [PMID: 33388463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Emergency services personnel have an elevated risk of developing mental health conditions. Most research in this area is cross-sectional, which precludes inferences about temporal and potentially causal relationships between risk and protective factors and mental health outcomes. The current study systematically reviewed prospective studies of risk and protective factors for mental health outcomes in civilian emergency services personnel (firefighters, paramedics, police) assessed at pre-operational and operational stages. Out of 66 eligible prospective studies identified, several core groups of risk and protective factors emerged: (1) cognitive abilities; (2) coping tendencies; (3) personality factors; (4) peritraumatic reactions and post-trauma symptoms; (5) workplace factors; (6) interpersonal factors; (7) events away from work. Although there was insufficient evidence for many associations, social support was consistently found to protect against the development of mental health conditions, and peritraumatic dissociation, prior mental health issues, and prior trauma exposure were risk factors for future mental health conditions. Among operational studies, neuroticism was significantly associated with future PTSD symptoms, burnout, and general poor mental health, and avoidance and intrusion symptoms of PTSD were associated with future PTSD and depression symptoms. The current review results provide important targets for future research and interventions designed to improve the mental health of emergency services personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kyron
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Clare S Rees
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Donna Lawrence
- Wellbeing and Support Services, St John Ambulance, Perth, Western Australia
| | - R Nicholas Carleton
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Peter M McEvoy
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Western Australia.
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Arslan G, Allen KA. Exploring the association between coronavirus stress, meaning in life, psychological flexibility, and subjective well-being. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:803-814. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1876892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- International Network on Personal Meaning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly-Ann Allen
- Educational Psychology and Inclusive Education, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville, Australia
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Fischer IC, Shanahan ML, Hirsh AT, Stewart JC, Rand KL. The relationship between meaning in life and post-traumatic stress symptoms in US military personnel: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:658-670. [PMID: 32911216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective meaning in life has been theorized to play a critical role in the adjustment to traumatic events. However, its association with post-traumatic stress symptoms has not been quantitatively reviewed. METHODS Informed by Park's integrated meaning-making model and evidenced-based psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, the goals of this meta-analysis were to: (1) to determine the direction and magnitude of the association between meaning in life and post-traumatic stress symptoms; and (2) to examine potential moderators of this association (i.e., age, sex, race, marital status, type of trauma, and meaning in life conceptualization). CINAHL, Embase, PILOT, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science core collection databases were searched. RESULTS A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on 26 associations (N = 9,751). A significant, moderate, negative relationship was found between meaning in life and post-traumatic stress symptoms (r = -0.41; 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.35, k = 25). No significant moderators were detected. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that meaning in life plays a crucial role in adjustment to traumatic events. Development and testing of randomized controlled trials to determine whether increases in meaning in life result in reductions of post-traumatic stress in US military personnel may facilitate ongoing efforts aimed at recovery from trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Mackenzie L Shanahan
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Adam T Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jesse C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kevin L Rand
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Hayes SC, Hofmann SG, Stanton CE. Process-based functional analysis can help behavioral science step up to novel challenges: COVID - 19 as an example. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020; 18:128-145. [PMID: 32864323 PMCID: PMC7445588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Historically speaking, the behavioral tradition advanced functional analysis as a method of applying existing principles to novel situations. In the more than half a century since that idea was advanced, functional analysis has either fallen into disuse, as in most of applied psychology, or has been used but modified to a point that is virtually inapplicable elsewhere, as in applied behavior analysis work with severe developmental disabilities. In this paper we argue that the current challenges with COVID-19 present an ideal time to reinvigorate functional analysis by combining it with the growing body of evidence on processes of change, organized under an extended evolutionary meta-model. This new form of process-based functional analysis takes advantage of the strengths of contextual behavioral science, while opening avenues of fruitful interaction with other wings of intervention and evolutionary science more generally. Using the psychological flexibility model as an example, we show how this approach solves the key problems of classical functional analysis and helps professionals deal with novel challenges such as those posed by COVID-19. Humanity is now facing an extraordinary and unexpected situation. Behavioral science needs to rise to that challenge in a way that provides both immediate practical value and greater assurance of long-term benefits for our understanding of human complexity more generally. Process-based functional analysis can be a vehicle to do just that.
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30
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Kroska EB, Roche AI, Adamowicz JL, Stegall MS. Psychological flexibility in the context of COVID-19 adversity: Associations with distress. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020; 18:28-33. [PMID: 32837889 PMCID: PMC7406424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to hardship for individuals across the globe, and research to-date has indicated a significant impact of the pandemic on mental health functioning. In order to promote psychological resilience during this time, it is important to understand modifiable targets for clinical intervention. The current study examined demographic characteristics, pandemic-related adversity, and psychological flexibility in relation to general and peritraumatic distress in a sample of United States survey respondents during May of 2020. Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), N = 485. Participants completed measures of pandemic-related adversity, psychological flexibility components (openness to experience, behavioral awareness, and valued action), peritraumatic distress, and general distress. Hierarchical regression analyses examined whether demographic characteristics, pandemic-related adversity, and components of psychological flexibility were associated with general and peritraumatic distress. Results indicated that higher pandemic-related adversity, lower openness to experience, and lower behavioral awareness were significantly associated with higher general distress. Greater pandemic-related adversity, lower openness to experience, lower behavioral awareness, and higher valued action were significantly associated with higher peritraumatic distress. Adding the components of psychological flexibility to the model increased the amount of variance accounted for in both measures of distress. The results indicated that psychological flexibility components may be particularly important targets for prevention and intervention efforts in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Transdiagnostic interventions, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, that target psychological flexibility may be useful as the impact of the pandemic continues to unfold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Kroska
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, USA
| | - Anne I Roche
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, USA
| | - Jenna L Adamowicz
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, USA
| | - Manny S Stegall
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, USA
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31
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Gervis M, Goldman A. The Flourishing Footballers programme: Using psycho-education to develop resilience through ACT. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Faulkner JW, Theadom A, Mahon S, Snell DL, Barker-Collo S, Cunningham K. Psychological flexibility: A psychological mechanism that contributes to persistent symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury? Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Psychedelics and psychological flexibility – Results of a prospective web-survey using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Spies JP, Cwik JC, Willmund GD, Knaevelsrud C, Schumacher S, Niemeyer H, Engel S, Küster A, Muschalla B, Köhler K, Weiss D, Rau H. Associations Between Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Deployed Service Members of the German Armed Forces. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:576553. [PMID: 33192712 PMCID: PMC7533544 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.576553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiencing a traumatic event can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but not every traumatized person develops PTSD. Several protective and risk factors have been identified in civilians and veterans to explain why some individuals develop PTSD and others do not. However, no research has confirmed the relationship between emotion regulation and PTSD in deployed German Armed Forces service members after a foreign assignment. Previous studies have identified some protective factors, such as social support, social acknowledgment, specific personal values, and posttraumatic growth, as well as risk factors, like moral injury and emotion regulation. Thus, the aim of the present study is to confirm the relationship between emotion regulation and PTSD and to test for factors that are associated with higher severity of PTSD symptoms in such a sample. METHODS A post-hoc secondary analysis was conducted on data collected in a randomized controlled trial. Participants (N = 72) were male active and former military service members that have returned from deployment and were recruited from the German Armed Forces. These participants were separated into two groups according to PTSD diagnosis based on the results of a structured diagnostic interview. Data from evaluation questionnaires administered upon entry into the study were subjected to a cross-sectional analysis. The measures included the severity of PTSD symptoms, clusters of PTSD symptoms, clinical measures, and several measures assessing PTSD-related constructs. Analyses included the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, X2 tests for nominal data, Mann-Whitney U-tests for non-parametric data, and a mediation analysis. RESULTS The results of the mediation analysis revealed that difficulties in emotion regulation were significantly associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms, which was mediated by social acknowledgment and experimental avoidance but not by moral injury. The analyses showed that the severity of PTSD symptoms and all clusters of PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with most of the measured constructs in expectable directions. Participants in the PTSD group showed significantly higher mean scores on questionnaires measuring constructs that have been associated with PTSD, like emotion regulation and moral injury. They also showed lower mean scores in questionnaires for social support and social acknowledgment as a victim or survivor than participants in the non-PTSD group. CONCLUSION The present results show that difficulties in emotion regulation are directly associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms in service members of the German Armed Forces. This association is mediated by social acknowledgment and experimental avoidance, but not by moral injury. Thus, future studies should investigate these potentially crucial factors for better understanding of the development and maintenance of PTSD in service members of the German Armed Forces after deployment to create possible treatment adaptions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ACTRN 12616000956404 http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370924.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Peter Spies
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department for Military Mental Health, German Armed Forces Military Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Christopher Cwik
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gert Dieter Willmund
- Department for Military Mental Health, German Armed Forces Military Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Schumacher
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helen Niemeyer
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sinha Engel
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Küster
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Muschalla
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Köhler
- Department for Military Mental Health, German Armed Forces Military Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deborah Weiss
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Rau
- Department for Military Mental Health, German Armed Forces Military Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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LeFeber TP, Solorzano B. Putting Suicide Policy through the Wringer: Perspectives of Military Members Who Attempted to Kill Themselves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4274. [PMID: 31689900 PMCID: PMC6862267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In response to the Air Force Surgeon General, Lieutenant General Mark Ediger's call for medical services to be guided by service members' values, preferences, and experiences within the medical system, we conducted an interpretive phenomenological analysis of transcripts in which service members shared their experiences of military mental health policy and practices after being identified as suicidal. Themes of their experiences underscore nuances as it relates to intersectionality of policy when faced with unique military contextual factors and power differentials; both of which were missing in available research literature. Their experiences also illuminate further the innate "Catch 22" which happens when accessing help. Catch 22 basically means if you know you need help than you are rational; but if you actually seek help, then you are crazy and not trustworthy to do your job. Themes presented center on the lack of confidentiality of Service Members in the Workplace, effects of Unit Members' Surveillance and Command Directed Evaluations, and experiences of Military Mental Health Services. Critical discussions of policy and taken for granted assumptions that often drive narrow responses to suicide, treatment, prevention, and stigma are presented. Particular attention is given to the lived experiences of service members when placed under the demands of circumstances created by policy that may inadvertently lead in some cases to further suffering. The paper closes with recommendations from participants and the authors for policy makers and future directions in research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernadette Solorzano
- Psychology Department, Our Lady of the Lake University, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA.
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Krafft J, Hicks ET, Mack SA, Levin ME. Psychological Inflexibility Predicts Suicidality Over Time in College Students. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:1488-1496. [PMID: 30474885 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is essential to identify modifiable risk factors that can be targeted to reduce suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior in college students. Psychological inflexibility, a pattern of responding to internal experiences in a literal and rigid way, and attempting to control those experiences even when it interferes with valued living, could theoretically lead to SI or increase its intensity. METHOD Psychological inflexibility and its component processes were tested as a predictor of SI in a longitudinal survey of college students (n = 603, age M = 20.62, 68.9% female, and 94.0% White) in a series of cross-sectional and longitudinal hierarchical regression models, controlling for relevant predictors such as distress and baseline SI. Interactions were also tested between psychological inflexibility and distress, cognitive defusion, values obstruction, and values progress in predicting SI. RESULTS Psychological inflexibility predicted SI cross-sectionally and longitudinally, controlling for distress and baseline SI. Psychological inflexibility interacted with distress, cognitive fusion, and values progress such that distress, cognitive fusion, and values progress had the strongest association with suicidal ideation among those who were high in psychological inflexibility. CONCLUSIONS Psychological inflexibility may be a useful mechanism to target for suicide prevention in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Krafft
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - E Tish Hicks
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sallie A Mack
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Michael E Levin
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Lambert K, Eisch AJ, Galea LAM, Kempermann G, Merzenich M. Optimizing brain performance: Identifying mechanisms of adaptive neurobiological plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:60-71. [PMID: 31356835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although neuroscience research has debunked the late 19th century claims suggesting that large portions of the brain are typically unused, recent evidence indicates that an enhanced understanding of neural plasticity may lead to greater insights related to the functional capacity of brains. Continuous and real-time neural modifications in concert with dynamic environmental contexts provide opportunities for targeted interventions for maintaining healthy brain functions throughout the lifespan. Neural design, however, is far from simplistic, requiring close consideration of context-specific and other relevant variables from both species and individual perspectives to determine the functional gains from increased and decreased markers of neuroplasticity. Caution must be taken in the interpretation of any measurable change in neurobiological responses or behavioral outcomes, as definitions of optimal functions are extremely complex. Even so, current behavioral neuroscience approaches offer unique opportunities to evaluate adaptive functions of various neural responses in an attempt to enhance the functional capacity of neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lambert
- Dept of Psychology, B326 Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, VA, 23173, USA.
| | - Amelia J Eisch
- Dept of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4399, USA.
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Dept of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T, Canada.
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden and CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden at Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Marie L, Taylor SE, Basu N, Fadoir NA, Schuler K, McKelvey D, Smith PN. The protective effects of grit on suicidal ideation in individuals with trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress. J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:1701-1714. [PMID: 31141169 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is important to understand factors that moderate the likelihood of developing suicidal thoughts following traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, a moderated atemporal mediation analysis was conducted in a sample of 709 college students (71% female, M age = 19.90 years, 67% Caucasian) to test the associations between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and suicidal ideation, with grit entered as a moderator of all paths in the equation. RESULTS PTSD symptoms mediated the association between trauma and suicidal ideation. Grit moderated the direct pathway from PTSD symptoms to suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Grit and other constructs of resiliency may inform strength-focused interventions to remediate the impact of trauma and posttraumatic stress symptoms and potentially reduce suicidal thoughts and risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marie
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Sarah E Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Natasha Basu
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Nicholas A Fadoir
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kaitlyn Schuler
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Daniel McKelvey
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Phillip N Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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Richardson CM, Jost SA. Psychological flexibility as a mediator of the association between early life trauma and psychological symptoms. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Meyer EC, Szabo YZ, Frankfurt SB, Kimbrel NA, DeBeer BB, Morissette SB. Predictors of recovery from post-deployment posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in war veterans: The contributions of psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and self-compassion. Behav Res Ther 2019; 114:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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DeBeer BB, Meyer EC, Kimbrel NA, Kittel JA, Gulliver SB, Morissette SB. Psychological Inflexibility Predicts of Suicidal Ideation Over Time in Veterans of the Conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2018; 48:627-641. [PMID: 28891193 PMCID: PMC8491575 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychological inflexibility, or how individuals respond to distressing internal experiences, may be a modifiable risk factor for suicide in veterans. It was hypothesized that psychological inflexibility would predict suicidal ideation after accounting for established risk factors at baseline and 1 year later. Post-9/11 veterans (N = 309) completed clinical interview and self-report measures at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Results indicated that psychological inflexibility predicted severity of suicidal ideation at both baseline and 1 year later, after accounting for established risk factors. Psychological inflexibility is an important marker of risk for suicidal ideation, and could be a target for interventions aimed at reducing suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryann B DeBeer
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Central Texas VA Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Eric C Meyer
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Central Texas VA Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Warriors Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Nathan A Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julie A Kittel
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Suzy B Gulliver
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Warriors Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Sandra B Morissette
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Joyce S, Shand F, Bryant RA, Lal TJ, Harvey SB. Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training in the Workplace: Pilot Study of the Internet-Based Resilience@Work (RAW) Mindfulness Program. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e10326. [PMID: 30206055 PMCID: PMC6231729 DOI: 10.2196/10326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of mental illness on society is far reaching and has been identified as the leading cause of sickness absence and work disability in most developed countries. By developing evidence-based solutions that are practical, affordable, and accessible, there is potential to deliver substantial economic benefits while improving the lives of individual workers. Academic and industry groups are now responding to this public health issue. A key focus is on developing practical solutions that enhance the mental health and psychological resilience of workers. A growing body of research suggests resilience training may play a pivotal role in the realm of public health and prevention, particularly with regards to protecting the long-term well-being of workers. Objective Our aim is to examine whether a mindfulness-based resilience-training program delivered via the internet is feasible and engaging to a group of high-risk workers. Additionally, we aim to measure the effect of the Resilience@Work Resilience@Work Mindfulness program on measures of resilience and related skills. Methods The current pilot study recruited 29 full-time firefighters. Participants were enrolled in the 6-session internet-based resilience-training program and were administered questionnaires prior to training and directly after the program ended. Measurements examined program feasibility, psychological resilience, experiential avoidance, and thought entanglement. Results Participants reported greater levels of resilience after Resilience@Work training compared to baseline, with a mean increase in their overall resilience score of 1.5 (95% CI -0.25 to 3.18, t14=1.84, P=.09). Compared to baseline, participants also reported lower levels of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance following training, with a mean decrease of -1.8 (95% CI -3.78 to 0.20, t13=-1.94, P=.07). With regards to cognitive fusion (thought entanglement), paired-samples t tests revealed a trend towards reduction in mean scores post training (P=.12). Conclusions This pilot study of the Resilience@Work program suggests that a mindfulness-based resilience program delivered via the Internet is feasible in a high-risk workplace setting. In addition, the firefighters using the program showed a trend toward increased resilience and psychological flexibility. Despite a number of limitations, the results of this pilot study provide some valuable insights into what form of resilience training may be viable in occupational settings particularly among those considered high risk, such as emergency workers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a mindfulness-based resilience-training program delivered wholly via the internet has been tested in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhbh Joyce
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | | | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Tara J Lal
- Fire and Rescue New South Wales, Alexandria, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Randwick, Australia
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Tighe J, Nicholas J, Shand F, Christensen H. Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Reducing Suicidal Ideation and Deliberate Self-Harm: Systematic Review. JMIR Ment Health 2018; 5:e10732. [PMID: 29941419 PMCID: PMC6037942 DOI: 10.2196/10732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its emergence in the 1980s, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has become a reputable evidence-based psychological therapy for certain disorders. Trials examining the efficacy of ACT are spread across a broad spectrum of presentations, such as chronic pain, anxiety, and depression. Nevertheless, ACT has very rarely been trialed as an intervention for suicidal ideation (SI) or deliberate self-harm (DSH). OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to assess the efficacy of ACT in reducing SI and DSH and to examine the suitability of reported SI, DSH, and other measures in determining the efficacy of ACT. METHODS We systematically reviewed studies on ACT as intervention for SI and self-harm. Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, were searched. The reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews were examined to identify additional publications. Search terms were identified with reference to the terminology used in previous review papers on ACT and suicide prevention. The study design was not restricted to randomized controlled trials. Screening was completed by 2 reviewers, and all duplicates were removed. Publications were excluded if they were not published in English, were multicomponent therapy or were not based on ACT, or lacked a validated measure or structured reporting of SI/DSH outcomes. RESULTS After removing the duplicates, 554 articles were screened for relevance. Following the screening, 5 studies that used ACT as an intervention for suicidal or self-harming individuals were identified. The studies used diverse methodologies and included 2 case studies, 2 pre-post studies, and 1 mHealth randomized controlled trial. CONCLUSIONS The review found that ACT is effective in reducing SI in the 2 pre-post studies but not in other studies. However, given the small number and lack of methodological rigor of the studies included in this review, insufficient evidence exists for the recommendation of ACT as an intervention for SI or DSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tighe
- Black Dog Institute, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Nicholas
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona Shand
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Polanco M, Mancías S, LeFeber T. Reflections on moral care when conducting qualitative research about suicide in the United States military. DEATH STUDIES 2017; 41:521-531. [PMID: 28532294 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2017.1333356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Critical suicidology (White, Marsh, Kral, & Morris, 2016 ) offers a critique of positivism as the mainstream rhetoric of scientific research. In this article, the authors add a critique to the moral detachment of scientific inquiry (Wilkinson & Kleinman, 2016 ) in suicidology. They provide a discussion at the intersection of theory and research when considering moral care of all stakeholders in the implementation of suicide research toward the development of more humanitarian policies and program alternatives. The authors reflect upon their experience of conducting an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Finlay, 2011 ) on suicide in the U.S. military.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Polanco
- a Department of Psychology , Our Lady of the Lake University , San Antonio , Texas , USA
| | - Saraí Mancías
- a Department of Psychology , Our Lady of the Lake University , San Antonio , Texas , USA
| | - Tirzah LeFeber
- a Department of Psychology , Our Lady of the Lake University , San Antonio , Texas , USA
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Alonso-Tapia J, Garrido-Hernansaiz H, Rodríguez-Rey R, Ruiz M, Nieto C. Personal factors underlying resilience: development and validation of the Resiliency Questionnaire for Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14623730.2017.1297248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kato T. Impact of psychological inflexibility on depressive symptoms and sleep difficulty in a Japanese sample. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:712. [PMID: 27375981 PMCID: PMC4908084 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Psychological inflexibility is a core concept in the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) model. The current study hypothesized and tested two models in which psychological inflexibility was linked with higher levels of depressive symptoms and sleep difficulty. Results To attain data, Japanese university students (N = 633) completed questionnaires related to psychological inflexibility, depressive symptoms, and sleep difficulty. Psychological inflexibility was significantly correlated with higher levels of both depressive symptoms (r = 0.61) and sleep difficulty (r = 0.39). Structural equation modeling showed that psychological inflexibility was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms after controlling for the effect of sleep difficulty. Additionally, psychological inflexibility was correlated with higher levels of sleep difficulty after controlling for the effect of depressive symptoms. These findings might assist with motivating clinicians to use ACT for insomnia. Conclusions The current study found that greater psychological inflexibility was linked with high levels of depressive symptoms and sleep difficulties. These findings might assist with motivating clinicians to use ACT for insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Kato
- Development of Social Psychology, Toyo University, 5-28-20, Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8606 Japan
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