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Abbas M, Alossaimi MA, Altamimi ASA, Alajaji M, Watson DG, Shah SI, Shah Y, Anwar MS. Determination of α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration by HPLC in patients following local infiltration analgesia for primary total hip arthroplasty and its relation to ropivacaine (total and unbound). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1145962. [PMID: 37456752 PMCID: PMC10345198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1145962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study was performed to determine the levels of α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in old-age patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. AGP is considered an acute phase protein produced during the acute phase reaction in the body to various stimuli; their proper monitoring is thus important. Methods: In order to study how AGP concentrations in old age patients change in response to surgical stress (total hip arthroplasty), a high-performance liquid chromatography assay was performed to measure AGP levels. AGP was isolated from the plasma by adding perchloric acid and was analyzed using PLRP-S 4000°A column. The mobile phase consisted of 1 mL TFA/L of water (Solvent A pH 2) and 1 mL TFA/L of acetonitrile (Solvent B). The gradient used was as follows: 0 min 18% B and 82% A, 15 min 60% B and 40% A, and 17 min 60% B and 40% A followed by column re-equilibration for 7 min before the next injection. AGP peak was obtained between 8.8 and 8.9 min. The method was fully optimised according to established guidelines. Results: The data obtained were analyzed on ChromQuest software. AGP concentrations were determined in all samples, including baseline and samples taken at different timed intervals. The peak for AGP was obtained between 8.8 and 8.9 min for both standard AGP and patient plasma. The graphs indicate that AGP concentration in almost all patient samples increased considerably, especially after 4 h and 24 h-for example, initial concentration in patient 1 was 10.36 mg/100 mL but, after 24 h, increased to 23.50 mg/100 mL. There was thus almost a 13 mg/100 mL increase in 24 h, which is confirmed by AGP concentration increasing after various conditions, including surgery. The increased plasma protein binding was comparatively associated with the unchanged free fraction of the drug. Conclusion: This surgically induced increase in AGP concentration resulted in increased plasma protein binding of the drug (ropivacaine), which in turn kept the free portion of ropivacaine stable during the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alajaji
- College of Pharmacy, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sayyed I. Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Effect of nanocellulose polymorphism on electrochemical analytical performance in hybrid nanocomposites with non-oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:62. [PMID: 35031873 PMCID: PMC8816370 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Two cellulose nanocrystals/single-walled carbon nanotube (CNC/SW) hybrids, using two cellulose polymorphs, were evaluated as electrochemical transducers: CNC type I (CNC-I/SW) and CNC type II (CNC-II/SW). They were synthesized and fully characterized, and their analytical performance as electrochemical sensors was carefully studied. In comparison with SWCNT-based and screen-printed carbon electrodes, CNC/SW sensors showed superior electroanalytical performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, not only in the detection of small metabolites (uric acid, dopamine, and tyrosine) but also in the detection of complex glycoproteins (alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)). More importantly, CNC-II/SW exhibited 20 times higher sensitivity than CNC-I/SW for AGP determination, yielding a LOD of 7 mg L-1.These results demonstrate the critical role played by nanocellulose polymorphism in the electrochemical performance of CNC/SW hybrid materials, opening new directions in the electrochemical sensing of these complex molecules. In general, these high-active-surface hybrids smartly exploited the preserved non-oxidized SW conductivity with the high aqueous dispersibility of the CNC, avoiding the use of organic solvents or the incorporation of toxic surfactants during their processing, making the CNC/SW hybrids promising nanomaterials for electrochemical detection following greener approaches.
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Aruldhas BW, Quinney SK, Overholser BR, Heathman MA, Masters AR, Ly RC, Gao H, Packiasabapathy S, Sadhasivam S. Pharmacokinetic modeling of R and S-Methadone and their metabolites to study the effects of various covariates in post-operative children. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 10:1183-1194. [PMID: 34435753 PMCID: PMC8520746 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methadone is a synthetic opioid used as an analgesic and for the treatment of opioid abuse disorder. The analgesic dose in the pediatric population is not well-defined. The pharmacokinetics (PKs) of methadone is highly variable due to the variability in alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) and genotypic differences in drug-metabolizing enzymes. Additionally, the R and S enantiomers of methadone have unique PK and pharmacodynamic properties. This study aims to describe the PKs of R and S methadone and its metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) in pediatric surgical patients and to identify sources of inter- and intra-individual variability. Children aged 8-17.9 years undergoing orthopedic surgeries received intravenous methadone 0.1 mg/kg intra-operatively followed by oral methadone 0.1 mg/kg postoperatively every 12 h. Pharmacokinetics of R and S methadone and EDDP were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assays and the data were modeled using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling in NONMEM. R and S methadone PKs were well-described by two-compartment disposition models with first-order absorption and elimination. EDDP metabolites were described by one compartment disposition models with first order elimination. Clearance of both R and S methadone were allometrically scaled by bodyweight. CYP2B6 phenotype was a determinant of the clearance of both the enantiomers in an additive gene model. The intronic CYP3A4 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2246709 was associated with decreased clearance of R and S methadone. Concentrations of AAG and the SNP of AAG rs17650 independently increased the volume of distribution of both the enantiomers. The knowledge of these important covariates will aid in the optimal dosing of methadone in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessed W. Aruldhas
- Department of AnesthesiaIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical PharmacologyChristian Medical CollegeVelloreIndia
| | - Sara K. Quinney
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Center for Computational Biology and BioinformaticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Brian R. Overholser
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Pharmacy PracticePurdue University College of PharmacyIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Andrea R. Masters
- Clinical Pharmacology Analytical CoreIndiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Reynold C. Ly
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsCenter for Medical GenomicsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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4
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Sierra T, Jang I, Noviana E, Crevillen AG, Escarpa A, Henry CS. Pump-Free Microfluidic Device for the Electrochemical Detection of α 1-Acid Glycoprotein. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2998-3005. [PMID: 34350757 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
α1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a glycoprotein present in serum, which is associated with the modulation of the immune system in response to stress or injuries, and a biomarker for inflammatory diseases and cancers. Here, we propose a pump-free microfluidic device for the electrochemical determination of AGP. The microfluidic device utilizes capillary-driven flow and a passive mixing system to label the AGP with the Os (VI) complex (an electrochemical tag) inside the main channel, before delivering the products to the electrode surface. Furthermore, thanks to the resulting geometry, all the analytical steps can be carried out inside the device: labeling, washing, and detection by adsorptive transfer stripping square wave voltammetry. The microfluidic device exhibited a linear range from 500 to 2000 mg L-1 (R2 = 0.990) and adequate limit of detection (LOD = 231 mg L-1). Commercial serum samples were analyzed to demonstrate the success of the method, yielding recoveries around 83%. Due to its simplicity, low sample consumption, low cost, short analysis time, disposability, and portability, the proposed method can serve as a point-of-care/need testing device for AGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Sierra
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala,
Alcala de Henares, Madrid E-28871, Spain
| | - Ilhoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Eka Noviana
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Agustín G. Crevillen
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala,
Alcala de Henares, Madrid E-28871, Spain
- Chemical Research Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
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Silica embedded carbon nanosheets derived from biomass acorn cupule for non-enzymatic, label-free, and wide range detection of α 1-acid glycoprotein in biofluids. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1169:338598. [PMID: 34088365 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the first report on a low-cost, non-enzymatic, label-free electrochemical sensing of alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein (α1GP) biomarker in biofluids using silica embedded carbon nanosheets (SEC) derived from acorn cupules biomass. The SEC/GCE sensor exhibits low detection limit (LOD) of 30 ng/mL (LOD = 3 s/m) which is far below the lowest physiological concentration of α1GP and a wide linear detection range from 100 ng/mL to 10 mg/mL which covers entire clinical concentration range reported for various diseases like cancer, sepsis, etc. The sensing mechanism of the sensor relies on the direct electrooxidation of sialic acid from the α1GP structure which hinder the interfacial electron-transfer process of [Fe (CN)6]3-/4- redox probe at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The sensor exhibits excellent selectivity and stability towards detection of α1GP which is ascribed to the presence of embedded silica nanoparticles on the surface of the carbon nanosheets. The successful determination of α1GP in the simulated blood serum sample with good recovery percentage (i.e., from ∼94.03% to ∼103.50%) proves the feasibility of the sensor towards clinical applications. The overall efficacy of the sensor proves it as a promising low-cost, sustainable, and non-enzymatic platform for a wide variety of bioanalytical applications.
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6
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Sadhasivam S, Aruldhas BW, Packiasabapathy S, Overholser BR, Zhang P, Zang Y, Renschler JS, Fitzgerald RE, Quinney SK. A Novel Perioperative Multidose Methadone-Based Multimodal Analgesic Strategy in Children Achieved Safe and Low Analgesic Blood Methadone Levels Enabling Opioid-Sparing Sustained Analgesia With Minimal Adverse Effects. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:327-337. [PMID: 33481403 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative methadone, a long-acting opioid, is increasingly used for postoperative analgesia, although the optimal methadone dosing strategy in children is still unknown. The use of a single large dose of intraoperative methadone is controversial due to inconsistent reductions in total opioid use in children and adverse effects. We recently demonstrated that small, repeated doses of methadone intraoperatively and postoperatively provided sustained analgesia and reduced opioid use without respiratory depression. The aim of this study was to characterize pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of a multiple small-dose methadone strategy. METHODS Adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for idiopathic scoliosis or pectus excavatum (PE) repair received methadone intraoperatively (0.1 mg/kg, maximum 5 mg) and postoperatively every 12 hours for 3-5 doses in a multimodal analgesic protocol. Blood samples were collected up to 72 hours postoperatively and analyzed for R-methadone and S-methadone, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidene (EDDP) metabolites, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG), the primary methadone-binding protein. Peak and trough concentrations of enantiomers, total methadone, and AAG levels were correlated with clinical outcomes including pain scores, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), respiratory depression, and QT interval prolongation. RESULTS The study population included 38 children (10.8-17.9 years): 25 PSF and 13 PE patients. Median total methadone peak plasma concentration was 24.7 (interquartile range [IQR], 19.2-40.8) ng/mL and the median trough was 4.09 (IQR, 2.74-6.4) ng/mL. AAG concentration almost doubled at 48 hours after surgery (median = 193.9, IQR = 86.3-279.5 µg/mL) from intraoperative levels (median = 87.4, IQR = 70.6-115.8 µg/mL; P < .001), and change of AAG from intraoperative period to 48 hours postoperatively correlated with R-EDDP (P < .001) levels, S-EDDP (P < .001) levels, and pain scores (P = .008). Median opioid usage was minimal, 0.66 (IQR, 0.59-0.75) mg/kg morphine equivalents/d. No respiratory depression (95% Wilson binomial confidence, 0-0.09) or clinically significant QT prolongation (median = 9, IQR = -10 to 28 milliseconds) occurred. PONV occurred in 12 patients and was correlated with morphine equivalent dose (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Novel multiple small perioperative methadone doses resulted in safe and lower blood methadone levels, <100 ng/mL, a threshold previously associated with respiratory depression. This methadone dosing in a multimodal regimen resulted in lower blood methadone analgesia concentrations than the historically described minimum analgesic concentrations of methadone from an era before multimodal postoperative analgesia without postoperative respiratory depression and prolonged corrected QT (QTc). Larger studies are needed to further study the safety and efficacy of this methadone dosing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blessed W Aruldhas
- From the Department of Anesthesia.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Brian R Overholser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Ryan E Fitzgerald
- Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery
| | - Sara K Quinney
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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7
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Development of a microcolumn one-site immunometric assay for a protein biomarker: Analysis of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1610:460558. [PMID: 31564560 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A one-site immunometric assay based on affinity microcolumns was developed for the analysis of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as a model protein biomarker. In this assay, a sample containing AGP was incubated with an excess amount of a labeled binding agent, such as fluorescein-labeled anti-AGP antibodies or Fab fragments. The excess binding agent was removed by passing this mixture through a microcolumn that contained an immobilized form of AGP, while the signal was measured for the binding agent-AGP complex in the non-retained fraction. Theoretical and practical factors were both considered in selecting the concentration of labeled binding agent, the incubation time of this agent with the sample, and the application conditions for this mixture onto the microcolumn. The effects of using various labeling methods and intact antibodies vs Fab fragments were also considered. The final assay was performed with fluorescein-labeled anti-AGP antibodies and a 2.1 mm i.d. × 1.0 cm AGP microcolumn operated at 0.30 mL min-1. This method required only 1 µL of serum or plasma, had a detection limit of 0.63 nM AGP, and gave a potential throughput of 2 min per sample. This assay was used to measure AGP in normal serum and plasma from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, giving good agreement with the literature and a reference method. The same approach and guidelines can be used to create assays for other protein biomarkers by changing the labeled binding agent and immobilized protein within the microcolumn.
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Makszin L, Kustán P, Szirmay B, Páger C, Mező E, Kalács KI, Pászthy V, Györgyi E, Kilár F, Ludány A, Kőszegi T. Microchip gel electrophoretic analysis of perchloric acid-soluble serum proteins in systemic inflammatory disorders. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:447-454. [PMID: 30407655 PMCID: PMC6587799 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Perchloric acid (PCA) precipitation is a well-known method for the separation of heavily glycosylated proteins and for reducing the masking effect of major serum proteins. The aim of this study is to characterize PCA-soluble serum proteins in healthy individuals and in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn's disease and sepsis. A PCA precipitation protocol was prepared and adapted to the analytical methods. After PCA treatment of the serum, the soluble proteins in the supernatant were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and by microchip gel electrophoresis (MGE). Characteristic changes of the electrophoretic patterns of the PCA-soluble fractions were observed. Four characteristic bands (at ∼11, ∼65, ∼85, and ∼120 kDa) with varying intensity were detected by MGE. The proportion of the ∼65, ∼85, and ∼120 kDa bands were significantly higher in systemic inflammatory conditions than in healthy individuals (p < 0.001), and characteristic patterns were observed in patients with acute inflammation. The marked differences in the acid-soluble protein patterns, which were observed in patients with ongoing systemic inflammation, might be a good indicator of inflammation. The MGE analysis is a fast screening and quantification method for the detection of characteristic changes among acid-soluble serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Makszin
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Kustán
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Szirmay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csilla Páger
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emerencia Mező
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina I Kalács
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Vera Pászthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Györgyi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kilár
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Ludány
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Total α1-acid glycoprotein determination in serum samples using disposable screen-printed electrodes and osmium (VI) as electrochemical tag. Talanta 2018; 180:206-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Bi C, Matsuda R, Zhang C, Isingizwe Z, Clarke W, Hage DS. Studies of drug interactions with alpha 1-acid glycoprotein by using on-line immunoextraction and high-performance affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1519:64-73. [PMID: 28886937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A method that combined on-line immunoextraction with high-performance affinity chromatography was developed to examine the binding of drugs with α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Affinity microcolumns containing immobilized polyclonal anti-AGP antibodies were developed that had a capture efficiency of up to 98.4% for AGP and a binding capacity of 0.72nmol AGP when using a 20mm×2.1mm i.d. microcolumn. These microcolumns were employed in various formats to examine the binding of drugs to normal AGP and AGP that had been adsorbed from serum samples for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Drugs that were screened in zonal elution experiments for their overall binding to these types of AGP included chlorpromazine, disopyramide, imipramine, propranolol, and warfarin. Most of these drugs showed an increase in their binding to the AGP from SLE serum when compared to normal AGP (i.e., an increase of 13-76%); however, disopyramide gave a 21-25% decrease in retention when the same AGP samples were compared. Frontal analysis was used to further evaluate the binding of disopyramide and imipramine to these forms of AGP. Both drugs gave a good fit to a model that involved a combination of saturable and non-saturable interactions with AGP. Changes in the non-saturable interactions accounted for most of variations seen in the binding of disopyramide and imipramine with the AGP samples. The methods used in this study could be adapted for use in personalized medicine and the study of other proteins or drugs using aqueous mixtures or clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ryan Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Chenhua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Zitha Isingizwe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - William Clarke
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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11
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Zhang C, Bi C, Clarke W, Hage DS. Glycoform analysis of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein based on capillary electrophoresis and electrophoretic injection. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:114-122. [PMID: 28844299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A method based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrophoretic injection and absorbance detection was developed for the direct analysis of AGP glycoforms in human serum. Electrophoretic injection of AGP was performed in the reversed-polarity mode of CE with a capillary coated with poly(ethylene oxide) and that had minimal electroosmotic flow. This situation created an essentially stationary interface between the sample and running buffer during injection and sample stacking. This approach allowed an 11,000-fold increase in sample loading for a 5min injection versus hydrodynamic injection and without introducing any significant levels of extra band-broadening. This method was used with sample pretreatment methods based on acid precipitation and desalting to examine AGP glycoforms in only 65μL of serum. A limit of detection of 2.1-11.3nM was obtained for the major AGP glycoform bands in serum, and the sample pretreatment method gave a recovery of 72.3-80.9% for these glycoforms. The precision for the migration times was ±0.08-0.13% and the precision for the peak areas was ±0.34-1.18% when using serum samples and an internal standard. This method was used for both normal pooled serum and serum from individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus. Results were obtained in a separation time of 25min and allowed the comparison of up to eleven glycoform bands in these samples. A similar approach may be useful in examining additional glycoproteins in serum or other types of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Cong Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - William Clarke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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12
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Calder A, Bell GT, Andersson M, Thomson AH, Watson DG, Morton NS. Pharmacokinetic profiles of epidural bupivacaine and ropivacaine following single-shot and continuous epidural use in young infants. Paediatr Anaesth 2012; 22:430-7. [PMID: 22211825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The primary aim of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of total and unbound bupivacaine and ropivacaine following epidural bolus and infusion in neonates and young infants. Secondary aims were to investigate the influence of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) on the concentration-time profiles and to determine the efficacy and adverse event profile of the epidural regimen. METHODS/MATERIALS Thirty-one infants aged 40-63 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) undergoing hernia repair or abdominal surgery received an epidural injection of 1.5 mg · kg(-1) bupivacaine (0.25%) or ropivacaine (0.2%) followed 2 h later by an infusion of 0.2 mg · kg(-1) · h(-1) in those undergoing abdominal surgery. Total and unbound concentrations of bupivacaine and ropivacaine were analyzed using nonmem. Hourly pain scores and adverse effects were recorded. RESULTS Bupivacaine data were available from 11 infants (five had infusions) and ropivacaine from 13 infants (four had infusions). Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and total bupivacaine and ropivacaine concentrations accumulated during infusions, but unbound concentrations did not. Maximum unbound concentrations for bupivacaine and ropivacaine were 0.12 mg · l(-1) (bupivacaine) and 0.13 mg · l(-1) (ropivacaine). Typical clearance/bioavailability estimates of total (unbound) bupivacaine were 0.215 (4.65) l · h(-1) · kg(-1) and of total (unbound) ropivacaine were 0.288 (3.31) l · h(-1) · kg(-1). Pain scores requiring pain team referral occurred once with bupivacaine and four times with ropivacaine. No toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS Epidural infusions of 0.2 mg(-1) · kg(-1) · h(-1) bupivacaine or ropivacaine appeared to be well tolerated and efficacious in this population. No accumulation of unbound drug concentrations occurred.
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Lambert JS, Else LJ, Jackson V, Breiden J, Gibbons S, Dickinson L, Back DJ, Brennan M, Connor EO, Boyle N, Fleming C, Coulter-Smith S, Khoo SH. Therapeutic drug monitoring of lopinavir/ritonavir in pregnancy. HIV Med 2010; 12:166-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ongay S, Neusüß C, Vaas S, Díez-Masa JC, de Frutos M. Evaluation of the effect of the immunopurification-based procedures on the CZE-UV and CZE-ESI-TOF-MS determination of isoforms of intact α-1-acid glycoprotein from human serum. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1796-804. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ongay S, Lacunza I, Díez-Masa JC, Sanz J, de Frutos M. Development of a fast and simple immunochromatographic method to purify alpha 1-acid glycoprotein from serum for analysis of its isoforms by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 663:206-12. [PMID: 20206012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a very heterogeneous glycoprotein presenting several isoforms due to variations in its polypeptidic and glycosidic moieties. Differences in AGP isoforms between healthy and diseased individuals have been related to different pathological situations such as cancer or cardiovascular diseases, among others. Capillary electrophoresis study of the role of AGP isoforms as biomarkers requires prior purification of AGP from biological samples. Current AGP purification methods are time- and labour-consuming, and generally they have not been proven to be compatible with capillary electrophoresis analysis. In this work, different methods for AGP purification from human serum are developed and compared. The applicability of acidic precipitation and immunoaffinity chromatographic methods for AGP purification are studied. Two different immunoaffinity approaches are employed; in the first one, interferents present in the AGP sample are captured and removed, and in the second one, AGP is retained in a house-made anti-AGP column, being in this way isolated from the rest of interferents of the sample. Best results in AGP purification from human serum to be analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) were obtained when acidic purification was combined with immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) employing the house-made anti-AGP column. The method was shown not to alter the proportion of AGP peaks due to isoforms existing in AGP samples. The applicability of this fast and easy purification method developed for analyzing by CZE isoforms of AGP from natural serum samples by CZE is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ongay
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (C.S.I.C.), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Boddy AV, Sludden J, Griffin MJ, Garner C, Kendrick J, Mistry P, Dutreix C, Newell DR, O'Brien SG. Pharmacokinetic investigation of imatinib using accelerator mass spectrometry in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:4164-9. [PMID: 17634544 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) in the study of the clinical pharmacology of imatinib. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Six patients who were receiving imatinib (400 mg/d) as part of their ongoing treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) received a dose containing a trace quantity (13.6 kBq) of (14)C-imatinib. Blood samples were collected from patients before and at various times up to 72 h after administration of the test dose and were processed to provide samples of plasma and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Samples were analyzed by AMS, with chromatographic separation of parent compound from metabolites. In addition, plasma samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LCMS). RESULTS Analysis of the AMS data indicated that imatinib was rapidly absorbed and could be detected in plasma up to 72 h after administration. Imatinib was also detectable in PBL at 24 h after administration of the (14)C-labeled dose. Comparison of plasma concentrations determined by AMS with those derived by LCMS analysis gave similar average estimates of area under plasma concentration time curve (26 +/- 3 versus 27 +/- 11 microg/mL.h), but with some variation within each individual. CONCLUSIONS Using this technique, data were obtained in a small number of patients on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of imatinib in the context of chronic dosing, which could shed light on possible pharmacologic causes of resistance to imatinib in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan V Boddy
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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