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Zhang J, Zhang M, Wang M, Wu Y, Shi Y, Chen Y, Feng R, Yang X, Chen X, Wang B. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Quantification of the Plant Hormone Abscisic Acid at ppb Levels in Plant Samples after a Single Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11794-11803. [PMID: 38739902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) is a common analysis technique due to its high versatility and simple operation. In the present study, HPLC-UV detection was integrated with immunoaffinity cleanup (IAC) of the sample extracts. The matrix effect was greatly reduced, and the limit of detection was as low as 1 ng/g of free abscisic acid (ABA) in fresh plant tissues. A monoclonal antibody 3F1 (mAb 3F1) was developed to specifically recognize free ABA but not ABA analogues. The mAb 3F1-immobilized immunoaffinity column exhibited a capacity of 850 ng/mL and an elution efficiency of 88.8-105% for standards. The extraction recoveries of the column for ABA ranged from 80.4 to 108.9%. ABA content was detected in various plant samples with IAC-HPLC-UV. The results were verified with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. IAC-HPLC-UV can be a sensitive and cost-efficient method for plant hormone analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mian Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Shi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Feng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhang M, Chen X, Zhao Y, Zhang J, He Q, Qian J, Tan G, Liu W, Yang X, Wang B. Quantification of six types of cytokinins: Integration of an ultra-performance liquid chromatographic-electrospray tandem mass spectrometric method with antibody based immunoaffinity columns equally recognizing cytokinins in free base and nucleoside forms. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463497. [PMID: 36166882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CTKs) exist in various types in plants. The accurate quantification of free base and nucleoside types of cytokinins are helpful for better understanding their physiological role. In the present study, antibodies against trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) and N6-isopentenyladenine riboside (iPR) antibodies with equal recognition to free base and nucleoside cytokinins were developed. The cross-reactivity of tZR mAb 3G101G7 with tZR, trans-zeatin (tZ), dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), dihydrozeatin (DHZ), iPR, and N6-isopentenyladenine (iP) was 100.0%, 95.7%, 19.1%, 18.0%, 1.1%, and 0.7%, and that of iPR mAb 5C82F1 with above-mentioned 6 types of cytokinins was 1.5%, 1.4%, 5.7%, 3.1%, 100.0% and 92.6%, respectively. The obtained antibodies were used to prepare two immunoaffinity columns (IAC). The elution efficiencies of tZR 3G101G7-IAC for tZ and tZR, DHZ and DHZR and of iPR 5C82F1-IAC for iP and iPR were almost no difference with the same loading amount on their corresponding IACs. Subsequently, six types of cytokinins in mepiquat chloride (MC)-treated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots were determined by IACs combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The contents of tZR, iPR and DHZR were increased by 9.3∼38.5%, 6.6∼23.5%, and 30.1∼110.0%, respectively, whereas those of tZ and iP were reduced by 5.3∼20.0% and 27.7∼32.1%, respectively. The decreased tZ and iP levels led to the ratio of auxin-to-active cytokinins increase to promote lateral root initiation in MC-treated cotton seeding. Integration of the IACs equally recognizing cytokinins in their free base and nucleoside forms with UPLC-ESI-MS/MS can accurately quantify different cytokinins in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing He
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Qian
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyu Tan
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baomin Wang
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Glanz-Idan N, Tarkowski P, Turečková V, Wolf S. Root-shoot communication in tomato plants: cytokinin as a signal molecule modulating leaf photosynthetic activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:247-257. [PMID: 31504736 PMCID: PMC6913696 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic activity is affected by exogenous and endogenous inputs, including source-sink balance. Reducing the source to sink ratio by partial defoliation or heavy shading resulted in significant elevation of the photosynthetic rate in the remaining leaf of tomato plants within 3 d. The remaining leaf turned deep green, and its area increased by almost 3-fold within 7 d. Analyses of photosynthetic activity established up-regulation due to increased carbon fixation activity in the remaining leaf, rather than due to altered water balance. Moreover, senescence of the remaining leaf was significantly inhibited. As expected, carbohydrate concentration was lower in the remaining leaf than in the control leaves; however, expression of genes involved in sucrose export was significantly lower. These results suggest that the accumulated fixed carbohydrates were primarily devoted to increasing the size of the remaining leaf. Detailed analyses of the cytokinin content indicated that partial defoliation alters cytokinin biosynthesis in the roots, resulting in a higher concentration of trans-zeatin riboside, the major xylem-translocated molecule, and a higher concentration of total cytokinin in the remaining leaf. Together, our findings suggest that trans-zeatin riboside acts as a signal molecule that traffics from the root to the remaining leaf to alter gene expression and elevate photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Glanz-Idan
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Shmuel Wolf
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Ignatz M, Hourston JE, Turečková V, Strnad M, Meinhard J, Fischer U, Steinbrecher T, Leubner-Metzger G. The biochemistry underpinning industrial seed technology and mechanical processing of sugar beet. PLANTA 2019; 250:1717-1729. [PMID: 31414204 PMCID: PMC6790189 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Seed-processing technologies such as polishing and washing enhance crop seed quality by limited removal of the outer layers and by leaching. Combined, this removes chemical compounds that inhibit germination. Industrial processing to deliver high-quality commercial seed includes removing chemical inhibitors of germination, and is essential to produce fresh sprouts, achieve vigorous crop establishment, and high yield potential in the field. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. altissima Doell.), the main sugar source of the temperate agricultural zone, routinely undergoes several processing steps during seed production to improve germination performance and seedling growth. Germination assays and seedling phenotyping was carried out on unprocessed, and processed (polished and washed) sugar beet fruits. Pericarp-derived solutes, known to inhibit germination, were tested in germination assays and their osmolality and conductivity assessed (ions). Abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA metabolites were quantified in both the true seed and pericarp tissue using UPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS. Physical changes in the pericarp structures were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that polishing and washing of the sugar beet fruits both had a positive effect on germination performance and seedling phenotype, and when combined, this positive effect was stronger. The mechanical action of polishing removed the outer pericarp (fruit coat) tissue (parenchyma), leaving the inner tissue (sclerenchyma) unaltered, as revealed by SEM. Polishing as well as washing removed germination inhibitors from the pericarp, specifically, ABA, ABA metabolites, and ions. Understanding the biochemistry underpinning the effectiveness of these processing treatments is key to driving further innovations in commercial seed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ignatz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - James E Hourston
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Meinhard
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Grimsehlstr. 31, 37555, Einbeck, Germany
| | - Uwe Fischer
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Grimsehlstr. 31, 37555, Einbeck, Germany
| | - Tina Steinbrecher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Bai YL, Cai BD, Luo XT, Ye TT, Feng YQ. Simultaneous Determination of Abscisic Acid and Its Catabolites by Hydrophilic Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10906-10912. [PMID: 30260222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and selective pretreatment method of one-step hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid phase extraction (HILIC SPE) was developed using silica as the sorbent to quickly and sensitively detect endogenous ABA and its five catabolites in fresh Oryza sativa tissues. The extracted analytes were sensitively quantified with ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Under the optimized conditions, good linearity of the developed analytical method was obtained in the range of 0.2-1000 ng/mL with linear correlation coefficients ( r) greater than 0.9987. The limits of detection (LODs, signal/noise = 3) ranged from 0.01 to 0.74 ng/mL. The relative recoveries were between 83.3% and 112.0% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.5 to 15.0%. Using the proposed method, the concentration variations of ABA and its catabolites were monitored in the salt-stressed rice tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Bai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Bao-Dong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Xiao-Tong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Tian-Tian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
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Su Y, Luo W, Chen X, Liu H, Hu Y, Lin W, Xiao L. Auxin Extraction and Purification Based on Recombinant Aux/IAA Proteins. Biol Proced Online 2017; 19:1. [PMID: 28100961 PMCID: PMC5237334 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-016-0050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) extraction and purification are of great importance in auxin research, which is a hot topic in the plant growth and development field. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is frequently used for IAA extraction and purification. However, no IAA-specific SPE columns are commercially available at the moment. Therefore, the development of IAA-specific recognition materials and IAA extraction and purification methods will help researchers meet the need for more precise analytical methods for research on phytohormones. RESULTS Since the AUXIN RESISTANT/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE (Aux/IAA) proteins show higher specific binding capability with auxin, recombinant IAA1, IAA7 and IAA28 proteins were used as sorbents to develop an IAA extraction and purification method. A GST tag was used to solidify the recombinant protein in a column. Aux/IAA proteins solidified in a column have successfully trapped trace IAA in aqueous solutions. The IAA7 protein showed higher IAA binding capability than the other proteins tested. In addition, expression of the IAA7 protein in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells produced better levels of binding than IAA7 expressed in E. coli. CONCLUSION This work validated the potential of Aux/IAA proteins to extract and purify IAA from crude plant extracts once we refined the techniques for these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Weigui Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueqing Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanhuang Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China ; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China ; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
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Martín-Rodríguez JA, Huertas R, Ho-Plágaro T, Ocampo JA, Turečková V, Tarkowská D, Ludwig-Müller J, García-Garrido JM. Gibberellin-Abscisic Acid Balances during Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Formation in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1273. [PMID: 27602046 PMCID: PMC4993810 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones have become appropriate candidates for driving functional plant mycorrhization programs, including the processes that regulate the formation of arbuscules in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Here, we examine the role played by ABA/GA interactions regulating the formation of AM in tomato. We report differences in ABA and GA metabolism between control and mycorrhizal roots. Active synthesis and catabolism of ABA occur in AM roots. GAs level increases as a consequence of a symbiosis-induced mechanism that requires functional arbuscules which in turn is dependent on a functional ABA pathway. A negative interaction in their metabolism has been demonstrated. ABA attenuates GA-biosynthetic and increases GA-catabolic gene expression leading to a reduction in bioactive GAs. Vice versa, GA activated ABA catabolism mainly in mycorrhizal roots. The negative impact of GA3 on arbuscule abundance in wild-type plants is partially offset by treatment with ABA and the application of a GA biosynthesis inhibitor rescued the arbuscule abundance in the ABA-deficient sitiens mutant. These findings, coupled with the evidence that ABA application leads to reduce bioactive GA1, support the hypothesis that ABA could act modifying bioactive GA level to regulate AM. Taken together, our results suggest that these hormones perform essential functions and antagonize each other by oppositely regulating AM formation in tomato roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Martín-Rodríguez
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, GranadaSpain
| | - Raúl Huertas
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, GranadaSpain
| | - Tania Ho-Plágaro
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, GranadaSpain
| | - Juan A. Ocampo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, GranadaSpain
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Palacký University, OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Palacký University, OlomoucCzech Republic
| | | | - José M. García-Garrido
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, GranadaSpain
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Eyer L, Vain T, Pařízková B, Oklestkova J, Barbez E, Kozubíková H, Pospíšil T, Wierzbicka R, Kleine-Vehn J, Fránek M, Strnad M, Robert S, Novak O. 2,4-D and IAA Amino Acid Conjugates Show Distinct Metabolism in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159269. [PMID: 27434212 PMCID: PMC4951038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbicide 2,4-D exhibits an auxinic activity and therefore can be used as a synthetic and traceable analog to study auxin-related responses. Here we identified that not only exogenous 2,4-D but also its amide-linked metabolite 2,4-D-Glu displayed an inhibitory effect on plant growth via the TIR1/AFB auxin-mediated signaling pathway. To further investigate 2,4-D metabolite conversion, identity and activity, we have developed a novel purification procedure based on the combination of ion exchange and immuno-specific sorbents combined with a sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. In 2,4-D treated samples, 2,4-D-Glu and 2,4-D-Asp were detected at 100-fold lower concentrations compared to 2,4-D levels, showing that 2,4-D can be metabolized in the plant. Moreover, 2,4-D-Asp and 2,4-D-Glu were identified as reversible forms of 2,4-D homeostasis that can be converted to free 2,4-D. This work paves the way to new studies of auxin action in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Eyer
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Vain
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barbora Pařízková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Elke Barbez
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hana Kozubíková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Roksana Wierzbicka
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Milan Fránek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail: (ON); (SR)
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (ON); (SR)
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9
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Ultrasensitive quantitative LC–MS/MS of an inhibitor of apoptosis protein's antagonist in plasma using protein target affinity extraction. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:265-74. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A target protein-based affinity extraction LC–MS/MS method was developed to enable plasma level determination following ultralow dosing (0.1–3 µg/kg) of an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins molecule. Methodology & results: Affinity extraction (AE) utilizing immobilized target protein BIR2/BIR3 was used to selectively capture the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins molecule from dog plasma and enable removal of background matrix components. Pretreatment of plasma samples using protein precipitation was found to provide an additional sensitivity gain. A LLOQ of 7.8 pM was achieved by combining protein precipitation with AE. The method was used to support an ultralow dose dog toxicity study. Conclusion: AE-LC–MS/MS, utilizing target protein, is a highly sensitive methodology for small molecule quantification with potential for broader applicability.
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Leljak-Levanić D, Mrvková M, Turečková V, Pěnčík A, Rolčík J, Strnad M, Mihaljević S. Hormonal and epigenetic regulation during embryogenic tissue habituation in Cucurbita pepo L. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:77-89. [PMID: 26403461 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Habituated embryogenic line of pumpkin contained more CKs and IAA, but less ABA than the non-habituated line. Pronounced hypomethylation correlated with the absence of 2,4-D, addition of 5-azaC, and the process of habituation. A comparative analysis between habituated and non-habituated embryogenic cultures of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) in relation to endogenous phytohormones, global DNA methylation, and developmental and regeneration capacities of the cultures was conducted. The analysis revealed more cytokinins (CKs) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), but less abscisic acid (ABA) in the habituated HEC line than in the non-habituated DEC line. Ribosides and ribotides were the most abundant CK forms in both HEC and DEC lines (75.9 and 57.6 %, respectively). HEC contained more free-base CKs (5.8 vs. 3.2 %), whereas DEC contained considerably more O-glycosides (39.1 vs. 18.3 %). Although prevalence of IAA was common for both lines, relative ratio of CKs and ABA differed between DEC and HEC lines. ABA was prevailing over CKs in DEC, while CKs prevailed over ABA in HEC line. Taking into account the importance of ABA for embryo maturation, the reduced endogenous ABA content in HEC line might be the reason for a 5-fold reduction in regeneration capacity compared to DEC. Both habituated and non-habituated embryogenic lines were highly methylated in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Pronounced hypomethylation correlated with the absence of 2,4-D, addition of 5-azacytidine (5-azaC), but also with the process of habituation. The habituated line was resistant to the effect of hypomethylation drug 5-azaC and remained highly methylated even after the addition of 5-azaC. Also, 5-azaC did not change the developmental pattern in the habituated line, indicating the existence of separate mechanisms by which 2,4-D influences global DNA methylation in comparison to habituation-related global DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Leljak-Levanić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Mrvková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rolčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Manzi M, Gómez-Cadenas A, Arbona V. Rapid and reproducible determination of active gibberellins in citrus tissues by UPLC/ESI-MS/MS. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:1-9. [PMID: 25956451 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone determination is crucial to explain the physiological mechanisms during growth and development. Therefore, rapid and precise methods are needed to achieve reproducible determination of phytohormones. Among many others, gibberellins (GAs) constitute a family of complex analytes as most of them share similar structure and chemical properties although only a few hold biological activity (namely GA1; GA3; GA4 and GA7). A method has been developed to extract GAs from plant tissues by mechanical disruption using ultrapure water as solvent and, in this way, ion suppression was reduced whereas sensitivity increased. Using this methodology, the four active GAs were separated and quantified by UPLC coupled to MS/MS using the isotope-labeled internal standards [(2)H2]-GA1 and [(2)H2]-GA4. To sum up, the new method provides a fast and reproducible protocol to determine bioactive GAs at low concentrations, using minimal amounts of sample and reducing the use of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Manzi
- Ecofisiologia i Biotecnologia, Dept. Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Ecofisiologia i Biotecnologia, Dept. Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Ecofisiologia i Biotecnologia, Dept. Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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12
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Techniques to Study Microbial Phytohormones. BACTERIAL METABOLITES IN SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24654-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Tarkowská D, Novák O, Floková K, Tarkowski P, Turečková V, Grúz J, Rolčík J, Strnad M. Quo vadis plant hormone analysis? PLANTA 2014; 240:55-76. [PMID: 24677098 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones act as chemical messengers in the regulation of myriads of physiological processes that occur in plants. To date, nine groups of plant hormones have been identified and more will probably be discovered. Furthermore, members of each group may participate in the regulation of physiological responses in planta both alone and in concert with members of either the same group or other groups. The ideal way to study biochemical processes involving these signalling molecules is 'hormone profiling', i.e. quantification of not only the hormones themselves, but also their biosynthetic precursors and metabolites in plant tissues. However, this is highly challenging since trace amounts of all of these substances are present in highly complex plant matrices. Here, we review advances, current trends and future perspectives in the analysis of all currently known plant hormones and the associated problems of extracting them from plant tissues and separating them from the numerous potentially interfering compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic,
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14
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Prado MJ, Largo A, Domínguez C, González MV, Rey M, Centeno ML. Determination of abscisic acid and its glucosyl ester in embryogenic callus cultures of Vitis vinifera in relation to the maturation of somatic embryos using a new liquid chromatography-ELISA analysis method. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:852-859. [PMID: 24877677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The levels of abscisic acid (ABA), its conjugate ABA-GE, and IAA were determined in embryogenic calli of Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Mencía) cultured in DM1 differentiation medium, to relate them to the maturation process of somatic embryos. To achieve this goal, we developed an analytical method that included two steps of solid-phase extraction, chromatographic separation by HPLC, ABA-GE hydrolysis, and sensitive ELISA quantification. Because the ABA immunoassay was based on new polyclonal antibodies raised against a C4'-ABA conjugate, the assay was characterized (detection limit, midrange, measure range, and cross-reaction) and validated by a comparison of the ABA data obtained with this ELISA procedure and with a physicochemical method (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Radioactive-labeled internal standards were initially added to callus extracts to correct the losses of plant hormones, and thus assure the accuracy of the measurements. The endogenous concentration of ABA in the embryogenic callus cultured in DM1 medium was doubled at the fifth week of culture, concurring with the maturation process of somatic embryos, as indicated by the accumulation of carbohydrates observed through histological analysis. The ABA-GE content was higher than ABA, decreasing at 21 days of culture in DM1 medium but increasing thereafter. The data suggest the involvement of the synthesis and conjugation of ABA in the final stages of development in grapevine somatic embryos from embryogenic callus. IAA levels were low, suggesting that auxin plays no significant role during the maturation of somatic embryos. In addition, the lower ABA levels in calli cultured in DM differentiation medium with PGRs, a medium presenting high precocious germination and deficiencies in somatic embryo development indicate that an increase in ABA content during the development of somatic embryos in grapevine is necessary for their correct maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Prado
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencia del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Asier Largo
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencia del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - María Victoria González
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Manuel Rey
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencia del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - María Luz Centeno
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
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Zhou G, Liu Y, Luo M, Xu Q, Ji X, He Z. Peptide-capped gold nanoparticle for colorimetric immunoassay of conjugated abscisic acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:5010-5015. [PMID: 22906007 DOI: 10.1021/am301380q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The pentapeptide Cys-Ala-Leu-Asn-Asn (CALNN) has been proved to be a powerful tool to stabilize the AuNPs. These CALNN-capped AuNPs have been used to develop various bioanalysis platforms. In this paper, the CALNN-capped AuNPs are proved to be a robust tool for aggregation-based colorimetric immunoassays as well. A colorimetric immunoassay strategy based upon the antibody-induced assembly of functionalized AuNPs for Abscisic Acid glucose ester (ABA-GE) determination has been developed. The ABA-functionalized AuNPs aggregate in the presence of specific antibody, accompanied by a color change of the solution. The color change is competitively inhibited by ABA-GE. The interparticle distance in aggregates is small due to the thin peptide layer on the AuNPs surface, and it is determined by the "Y" shape antibody linker as well. As a result of that, an obvious color change in the immunoassays is observed. Under the optimized conditions, a linear response range from 5 nM to 10 μM for ABA-GE determination is obtained, and the limit of detection (LOD) is evaluated to be 2.2 nM. This method is simple, homogeneous, and has potential for visual detection of ABA-GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Piterková J, Luhová L, Hofman J, Turečková V, Novák O, Petřivalský M, Fellner M. Nitric oxide is involved in light-specific responses of tomato during germination under normal and osmotic stress conditions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:767-76. [PMID: 22782244 PMCID: PMC3423800 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the signalling and regulation of plant growth and development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The photoperiod-sensitive mutant 7B-1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) showing abscisic acid (ABA) overproduction and blue light (BL)-specific tolerance to osmotic stress represents a valuable model to study the interaction between light, hormones and stress signalling. The role of NO as a regulator of seed germination and ABA-dependent responses to osmotic stress was explored in wild-type and 7B-1 tomato under white light (WL) and BL. METHODS Germination data were obtained from the incubation of seeds on germinating media of different composition. Histochemical analysis of NO production in germinating seeds was performed by fluorescence microscopy using a cell-permeable NO probe, and endogenous ABA was analysed by mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS The NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione stimulated seed germination, whereas the NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) had an inhibitory effect. Under WL in both genotypes, PTIO strongly suppressed germination stimulated by fluridone, an ABA inhibitor. The stimulatory effect of the NO donor was also observed under osmotic stress for 7B-1 seeds under WL and BL. Seed germination inhibited by osmotic stress was restored by fluridone under WL, but less so under BL, in both genotypes. This effect of fluridone was further modulated by the NO donor and NO scavenger, but only to a minor extent. Fluorescence microscopy using the cell-permeable NO probe DAF-FM DA (4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate) revealed a higher level of NO in stressed 7B-1 compared with wild-type seeds. CONCLUSIONS As well as defective BL signalling, the differential NO-dependent responses of the 7B-1 mutant are probably associated with its high endogenous ABA concentration and related impact on hormonal cross-talk in germinating seeds. These data confirm that light-controlled seed germination and stress responses include NO-dependent signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Piterková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- For correspondence. E-mail or
| | - Martin Fellner
- Group of Molecular Physiology, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University in Olomouc and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- For correspondence. E-mail or
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Lockley WJS, McEwen A, Cooke R. Tritium: a coming of age for drug discovery and development ADME studies. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. J. S. Lockley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford; Surrey,; GU2 7XH; UK
| | - A. McEwen
- Quotient Bioresearch; Rushden; Northamptonshire,; NN10 6ER; UK
| | - R. Cooke
- Quotient Bioresearch; Rushden; Northamptonshire,; NN10 6ER; UK
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Setter TL. Analysis of constituents for phenotyping drought tolerance in crop improvement. Front Physiol 2012; 3:180. [PMID: 22675308 PMCID: PMC3365635 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigators now have a wide range of analytical tools to use in measuring metabolites, proteins and transcripts in plant tissues. These tools have the potential to assist genetic studies that seek to phenotype genetic lines for heritable traits that contribute to drought tolerance. To be useful for crop breeding, hundreds or thousands of genetic lines must be assessed. This review considers the utility of assaying certain constituents with roles in drought tolerance for phenotyping genotypes. Abscisic acid (ABA), organic and inorganic osmolytes, compatible solutes, and late embryogenesis abundant proteins, are considered. Confounding effects that require appropriate tissue and timing specificity, and the need for high-throughput and analytical cost efficiency are discussed. With future advances in analytical methods and the value of analyzing constituents that provide information on the underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance, these approaches are expected to contribute to development crops with improved drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim L. Setter
- Department Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
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19
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Analytical methods for tracing plant hormones. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:55-74. [PMID: 22215246 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant hormones play important roles in regulating numerous aspects of plant growth, development, and response to stress. In the past decade, more analytical methods for the accurate identification and quantitative determination of trace plant hormones have been developed to better our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant hormones. As sample preparation is often the bottleneck in analysis of plant hormones in biological samples, this review firstly discusses sample preparation techniques after a brief introduction to the classes, roles, and methods used in the analysis of plant hormones. The analytical methods, especially chromatographic techniques and immuno-based methods, are reviewed in detail, and their corresponding advantages, limitations, applications, and prospects are also discussed. This review mainly covers reports published from 2000 to the present on methods for the analysis of plant hormones.
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20
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Oracz K, Voegele A, Tarkowská D, Jacquemoud D, Turecková V, Urbanová T, Strnad M, Sliwinska E, Leubner-Metzger G. Myrigalone A inhibits Lepidium sativum seed germination by interference with gibberellin metabolism and apoplastic superoxide production required for embryo extension growth and endosperm rupture. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:81-95. [PMID: 21908442 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Myrica gale L. (sweet gale) fruit leachate contains myrigalone A (MyA), a rare C-methylated dihydrochalcone and putative allelochemical, which is known to be a phytotoxin impeding seedling growth. We found that MyA inhibited Lepidium sativum L. seed germination in a dose-dependent manner. MyA did not affect testa rupture, but inhibited endosperm rupture and the transition to subsequent seedling growth. MyA inhibited micropylar endosperm cap (CAP) weakening and the increase in the growth potential of the radical/hypocotyl region (RAD) of the embryo, both being key processes required for endosperm rupture. We compared the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins in the tissues and found that the major bioactive forms of gibberellin in L. sativum seed tissues were GA(4) and GA(6), while GA(8) and GA(13) were abundant inactive metabolites. MyA did not appreciably affect the ABA contents, but severely interfered with gibberellin metabolism and signaling by inhibiting important steps catalyzed by GA3 oxidase, as well as by interfering with the GID1-type gibberellin signaling pathway. The hormonally and developmentally regulated formation of apoplastic superoxide radicals is important for embryo growth. Specific zones within the RAD were associated with accumulation of apoplastic superoxide radicals and endoreduplication indicative of embryo cell extension. MyA negatively affected both of these processes and acted as a scavenger of apoplastic reactive oxygen species. We propose that MyA is an allelochemical with a novel mode of action on seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Oracz
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, Freiburg, Germany.
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21
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Pěnčík A, Rolčík J, Novák O, Magnus V, Barták P, Buchtík R, Salopek-Sondi B, Strnad M. Isolation of novel indole-3-acetic acid conjugates by immunoaffinity extraction. Talanta 2009; 80:651-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Tsikas D. Quantitative analysis of biomarkers, drugs and toxins in biological samples by immunoaffinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry: A focused review of recent applications. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 878:133-48. [PMID: 19969510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), mass spectrometry and especially tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) represent the most efficient and reliable analytical techniques for specific isolation, unequivocal identification and accurate quantification of numerous natural and synthetic substances in biological samples. This review article focuses on the combined use of these outstanding methodologies in basic and clinical research and in life sciences for the quantitative analysis of low- and high-molecular mass biomarkers, drugs and toxins in urine, plasma or serum samples, in tissue and other biologicals systems published in the last decade. The analytes discussed in some detail include the biomarkers of oxidative stress 15(S)-8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) {15(S)-8-iso-PGF(2alpha)} and 3-nitrotyrosine, the major urinary metabolite of the lipid mediators cysteinyl leukotrienes, i.e., the leukotriene E(4) (LTE(4)), melatonin, and the major collagen type II neoepitope peptide in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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23
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Linkies A, Müller K, Morris K, Turečková V, Wenk M, Cadman CS, Corbineau F, Strnad M, Lynn JR, Finch-Savage WE, Leubner-Metzger G. Ethylene interacts with abscisic acid to regulate endosperm rupture during germination: a comparative approach using Lepidium sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:3803-22. [PMID: 20023197 PMCID: PMC2814513 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The micropylar endosperm cap covering the radicle in the mature seeds of most angiosperms acts as a constraint that regulates seed germination. Here, we report on a comparative seed biology study with the close Brassicaceae relatives Lepidium sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana showing that ethylene biosynthesis and signaling regulate seed germination by a mechanism that requires the coordinated action of the radicle and the endosperm cap. The larger seed size of Lepidium allows direct tissue-specific biomechanical, biochemical, and transcriptome analyses. We show that ethylene promotes endosperm cap weakening of Lepidium and endosperm rupture of both species and that it counteracts the inhibitory action of abscisic acid (ABA) on these two processes. Cross-species microarrays of the Lepidium micropylar endosperm cap and the radicle show that the ethylene-ABA antagonism involves both tissues and has the micropylar endosperm cap as a major target. Ethylene counteracts the ABA-induced inhibition without affecting seed ABA levels. The Arabidopsis loss-of-function mutants ACC oxidase2 (aco2; ethylene biosynthesis) and constitutive triple response1 (ethylene signaling) are impaired in the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-mediated reversion of the ABA-induced inhibition of seed germination. Ethylene production by the ACC oxidase orthologs Lepidium ACO2 and Arabidopsis ACO2 appears to be a key regulatory step. Endosperm cap weakening and rupture are promoted by ethylene and inhibited by ABA to regulate germination in a process conserved across the Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Linkies
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Müller
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl Morris
- Warwick Horticulture Research International, Warwick University, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, United Kingdom
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Meike Wenk
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cassandra S.C. Cadman
- Warwick Horticulture Research International, Warwick University, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, United Kingdom
| | - Françoise Corbineau
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Germination et Dormance des Semences, UR5, Site d'Ivry, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - James R. Lynn
- Warwick Horticulture Research International, Warwick University, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, United Kingdom
| | - William E. Finch-Savage
- Warwick Horticulture Research International, Warwick University, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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Turecková V, Novák O, Strnad M. Profiling ABA metabolites in Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2009; 80:390-9. [PMID: 19782241 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a simple method for extracting and purifying (+)-abscisic acid (ABA) and eight ABA metabolites--phaseic acid (PA), dihydrophaseic acid (DPA), neophaseic acid (neoPA), ABA-glucose ester (ABAGE), 7'-hydroxy-ABA (7'-OH-ABA), 9'-hydroxy-ABA (9'-OH-ABA), ABAaldehyde, and ABAalcohol--before analysis by a novel technique for these substances, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The procedure includes addition of deuterium-labelled standards, extraction with methanol-water-acetic acid (10:89:1, v/v), simple purification by Oasis((R)) HLB cartridges, rapid chromatographic separation by UPLC, and sensitive, accurate quantification by MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring modes. The detection limits of the technique ranged between 0.1 and 1 pmol for ABAGE and ABA acids in negative ion mode, and 0.01-0.50 pmol for ABAGE, ABAaldehyde, ABAalcohol and the methylated acids in positive ion mode. The fast liquid chromatographic separation and analysis of ABA and its eight measured derivatives by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS provide rapid, accurate and robust quantification of most of the substances, and the low detection limits allow small amounts of tissue (1-5mg) to be used in quantitative analysis. To demonstrate the potential of the technique, we isolated ABA and its metabolites from control and water-stressed tobacco leaf tissues then analysed them by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Only ABA, PA, DPA, neoPA, and ABAGE were detected in the samples. PA was the most abundant analyte (ca. 1000 pmol/g f.w.) in both the control and water-stressed tissues, followed by ABAGE and DPA, which were both present at levels ca. 5-fold lower. ABA levels were at least 100-fold lower than PA concentrations, but they increased following the water stress treatment, while ABAGE, PA, and DPA levels decreased. Overall, the technique offers substantial improvements over previously described methods, enabling the detailed, direct study of diverse ABA metabolites in small amounts of plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Turecková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Piskurewicz U, Turecková V, Lacombe E, Lopez-Molina L. Far-red light inhibits germination through DELLA-dependent stimulation of ABA synthesis and ABI3 activity. EMBO J 2009; 28:2259-71. [PMID: 19556968 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the canopy, far-red (FR) light represses seed germination by inactivating phytochrome photoreceptors. This elicits a decrease in gibberellins (GA) levels and an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) levels. GA promotes germination by enhancing the proteasome-mediated destruction of DELLA repressors. ABA prevents germination by stimulating the expression of ABI repressors. How phytochromes elicit changes in hormone levels or how GA- and ABA-dependent signals are coordinated to repress germination remains poorly understood. We show that repression of germination by FR light involves stabilized DELLA factors GAI, RGA and RGL2 that stimulate endogenous ABA synthesis. In turn, ABA blocks germination through the transcription factor ABI3. The role of PIL5, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor stimulating GAI and RGA expression, is significant, provided GA synthesis is high enough; otherwise, high GAI and RGA protein levels persist to block germination. Under white light, GAI and RGA driven by the RGL2 promoter can substitute for RGL2 to promote ABA synthesis and repress germination, consistent with the recent findings with RGL2. The three DELLA factors inhibit testa rupture whereas ABI3 blocks endosperm rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Piskurewicz
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Université de Genève, Genève 4, Switzerland
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López-Carbonell M, Gabasa M, Jáuregui O. Enhanced determination of abscisic acid (ABA) and abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE) in Cistus albidus plants by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in tandem mode. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:256-61. [PMID: 19167901 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An improved, quick and simple method for the extraction and quantification of the phytohormones (+)-abscisic acid (ABA) and its major glucose conjugate, abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE) in plant samples is described. The method includes the addition of deuterium-labeled internal standards to the leaves at the beginning of the extraction for quantification, a simple extraction/centrifugation process and the injection into the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) system in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Quality parameters of the method (detection limits, repeatability, reproducibility and linearity) have been studied. The objective of this work is to show the applicability of this method for quantifying the endogenous content of both ABA and ABA-GE in Cistus albidus plants that have been grown during an annual cycle under Mediterranean field conditions. Leaf samples from winter plants have low levels of ABA which increase in spring and summer showing two peaks that corresponded to April and August. These increases are coincident with the high temperature and solar radiation and the low RWC and RH registered along the year. On the other hand, the endogenous levels of ABA-GE increase until maximum values in July just before the ABA content reaches its highest concentration, decreasing in August and during autumn and winter. Our results suggest that the method is useful for quantifying both compounds in this plant material and represents the advantage of a short-time sample preparation with a high accuracy and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Carbonell
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Jirásková D, Poulíčková A, Novák O, Sedláková K, Hradecká V, Strnad M. HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING TECHNOLOGY FOR MONITORING PHYTOHORMONE PRODUCTION IN MICROALGAE(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2009; 45:108-118. [PMID: 27033650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
New miniaturized techniques for multiplying microalgae and estimating their phytohormone production were developed; in these methods, the strains to be tested are cultivated in microtitre plates, and the phytohormones in suspensions of the cultures are measured by direct ELISAs. Specific and sensitive ELISAs for determining abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cis- and trans-zeatin riboside, isopentenyladenosine (iPR), and other less common cytokinins were developed for this purpose. Polyclonal antibodies used in the ABA and IAA assays were raised against C1- and C1'- conjugates of the compounds with BSA, respectively, and thus were specific for the free acids and their respective C1-derivatives. The use of cytokinin ribosides coupled via their sugar residues to BSA as haptens generally led to antibodies that bound free bases, 9-glycosides and nucleotides, but with high specificity for the corresponding N(6) -side chains. Using internal standards, dilution assays, and authentic [(2) H] and [(3) H] recovery markers, it was shown that the ELISAs could be used to estimate contents of the selected phytohormones in the cultures. The ELISAs provided reliable and very fast estimates of the selected phytohormones, at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 pmol · mL(-1) in various microalgal strains. In addition, a recently developed HPLC selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry (HPLC-SIM-MS) method was used to calibrate and validate the ELISA results and confirm the presence of the detected phytohormones in immunoaffinity-purified extracts. Where independent validation of results is deemed necessary, the use of quantitative HPLC-MS is recommended for each new microalgal strain to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Jirásková
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aloisie Poulíčková
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Sedláková
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hradecká
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Novák O, Hauserová E, Amakorová P, Dolezal K, Strnad M. Cytokinin profiling in plant tissues using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:2214-24. [PMID: 18561963 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a simple, high-throughput batch immunoextraction (IAE) micropurification procedure for extracting a wide range of naturally occurring cytokinins (bases, ribosides, O- and N-glucosides, and nucleotides) from plant tissues in solutions that are compatible with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), thereby facilitating sensitive subsequent analysis. The UPLC system was coupled to a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS/MS) equipped with an electrospray interface (ESI). Small (mg) amounts of tissues were purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by an immunoaffinity clean-up step and two fast chromatographic separations of most cytokinin metabolites (bases, ribosides, and 9-glucosides in the first, O-glucosides and nucleotides in the second). Using UPLC, the runs were up to 4-fold faster than in standard cytokinin analyses, and both retention times and injection volumes were less variable (RSDs, 0.15-0.3% and 1.0-5.5%, respectively). In multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, the detection limit for most of the cytokinins analyzed was close to 1 fmol (5-25 fmol for O-glucosides and nucleotides) and the linear range spanned at least five orders of magnitude. The extraction and purification method was optimized using poplar (Populusxcanadensis Moench, cv Robusta) leaf samples, and the analytical accuracy was further validated using IAE-purified 10-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants spiked with 1 and 10 pmol of cytokinin derivatives. This approach can be used for rapid, sensitive qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of more than 50 natural cytokinins in minute amounts of plant tissues with high performance, robustness, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Slechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:91-98. [PMID: 18340659 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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