1
|
Petřík I, Pěnčík A, Stýskala J, Tranová L, Amakorová P, Strnad M, Novák O. Rapid profiling of cytokinins using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:342010. [PMID: 38057057 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of plant hormones is still a very challenging analytical discipline, mainly due to their low concentration in complex plant matrices. Therefore, the involvement of very sensitive high-throughput techniques is required. Cytokinins (CKs) are semi-polar basic plant hormones regulating plant growth and development. Modern methods for CK determination are currently based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), which enables the separation of CK isomeric forms occurring endogenously in plants. Here, ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS/MS) was used for the simultaneous determination of 37 CK metabolites. RESULTS The chromatographic conditions were tested on three different columns with various retention mechanisms. Hybrid silica modified with 2-picolylamine was selected as the stationary phase. Several parameters such as column temperature, back pressure regulation, mobile phase composition and make-up solvent were investigated to achieve efficient separation of CK isomers and reasonable sensitivity. Compared to UHPLC-MS/MS, a 9-min chromatographic analysis using a mobile phase of supercritical CO2 and 5 mM ammonia in methanol represents a three-fold acceleration of total run time. The quantification limit of UHPSFC-MS/MS method was in the range of 0.03-0.19 fmol per injection and the method validation showed high accuracy and precision (below 15 % for most analytes). The method was finally applied to the complex plant matrix of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the obtained profiles of CK metabolites were compared with the results from the conventional UHPLC-MS/MS method. SIGNIFICANCE The presented work offers a novel approach for quantification of endogenous CKs in plants. Compared to the conventional UHPLC-MS/MS, the total run time is shorter and the matrix effect lower for the key CK metabolites. This approach opens the opportunity to utilize UHPSFC-MS/MS instrumentation for targeted plant hormonomics including other plant hormone families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Stýskala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Palacký University, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Tranová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Palacký University, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Amakorová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smolko A, Repar J, Matković M, Pavlović I, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Ludwig-Müller J, Salopek-Sondi B. Application of Long-Chained Auxin Conjugates Influenced Auxin Metabolism and Transcriptome Response in Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:447. [PMID: 38203617 PMCID: PMC10778880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Auxin amino acid conjugates are considered to be storage forms of auxins. Previous research has shown that indole-3-acetyl-L-alanine (IAA-Ala), indole-3-propionyl-L-alanine (IPA-Ala) and indole-3-butyryl-L-alanine (IBA-Ala) affect the root growth of Brassica rapa seedlings. To elucidate the potential mechanism of action of the conjugates, we treated B. rapa seedlings with 0.01 mM IAA-, IPA- and IBA-Ala and investigated their effects on the auxin metabolome and transcriptome. IBA-Ala and IPA-Ala caused a significant inhibition of root growth and a decrease in free IAA compared to the control and IAA-Ala treatments. The identification of free auxins IBA and IPA after feeding experiments with IBA-Ala and IPA-Ala, respectively, confirms their hydrolysis in vivo and indicates active auxins responsible for a stronger inhibition of root growth. IBA-Ala caused the induction of most DEGs (807) compared to IPA-Ala (417) and IAA-Ala (371). All treatments caused similar trends in transcription profile changes when compared to control treatments. The majority of auxin-related DEGs were found after IBA-Ala treatment, followed by IPA-Ala and IAA-Ala, which is consistent with the apparent root morphology. In addition to most YUC genes, which showed a tendency to be downregulated, transcripts of auxin-related DEGs that were identified (UGT74E2, GH3.2, SAUR, IAA2, etc.) were more highly expressed after all treatments. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the hydrolysis of conjugates and the release of free auxins are responsible for the effects of conjugate treatments. In conclusion, free auxins released by the hydrolysis of all auxin conjugates applied affect gene regulation, auxin homeostasis and ultimately root growth inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Smolko
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jelena Repar
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Marija Matković
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tamizhselvan P, Madhavan S, Constan-Aguilar C, Elrefaay ER, Liu J, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Cairó A, Hrtyan M, Geisler M, Tognetti VB. Chloroplast Auxin Efflux Mediated by ABCB28 and ABCB29 Fine-Tunes Salt and Drought Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. Plants (Basel) 2023; 13:7. [PMID: 38202315 PMCID: PMC10780339 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is among the first processes negatively affected by environmental cues and its performance directly determines plant cell fitness and ultimately crop yield. Primarily sites of photosynthesis, chloroplasts are unique sites also for the biosynthesis of precursors of the growth regulator auxin and for sensing environmental stress, but their role in intracellular auxin homeostasis, vital for plant growth and survival in changing environments, remains poorly understood. Here, we identified two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily B transporters, ABCB28 and ABCB29, which export auxin across the chloroplast envelope to the cytosol in a concerted action in vivo. Moreover, we provide evidence for an auxin biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts. The overexpression of ABCB28 and ABCB29 influenced stomatal regulation and resulted in significantly improved water use efficiency and survival rates during salt and drought stresses. Our results suggest that chloroplast auxin production and transport contribute to stomata regulation for conserving water upon salt stress. ABCB28 and ABCB29 integrate photosynthesis and auxin signals and as such hold great potential to improve the adaptation potential of crops to environmental cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Tamizhselvan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Sharmila Madhavan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Christian Constan-Aguilar
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Eman Ryad Elrefaay
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (J.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Albert Cairó
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Mónika Hrtyan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (J.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Vanesa Beatriz Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Skalický V, Antoniadi I, Pěnčík A, Chamrád I, Lenobel R, Kubeš MF, Zatloukal M, Žukauskaitė A, Strnad M, Ljung K, Novák O. Fluorescence-activated multi-organelle mapping of subcellular plant hormone distribution. Plant J 2023; 116:1825-1841. [PMID: 37682018 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Auxins and cytokinins are two major families of phytohormones that control most aspects of plant growth, development and plasticity. Their distribution in plants has been described, but the importance of cell- and subcellular-type specific phytohormone homeostasis remains undefined. Herein, we revealed auxin and cytokinin distribution maps showing their different organelle-specific allocations within the Arabidopsis plant cell. To do so, we have developed Fluorescence-Activated multi-Organelle Sorting (FAmOS), an innovative subcellular fractionation technique based on flow cytometric principles. FAmOS allows the simultaneous sorting of four differently labelled organelles based on their individual light scatter and fluorescence parameters while ensuring hormone metabolic stability. Our data showed different subcellular distribution of auxin and cytokinins, revealing the formation of phytohormone gradients that have been suggested by the subcellular localization of auxin and cytokinin transporters, receptors and metabolic enzymes. Both hormones showed enrichment in vacuoles, while cytokinins were also accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Skalický
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ioanna Antoniadi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Chamrád
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - René Lenobel
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin F Kubeš
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Zatloukal
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su C, Kokosza A, Xie X, Pěnčík A, Zhang Y, Raumonen P, Shi X, Muranen S, Topcu MK, Immanen J, Hagqvist R, Safronov O, Alonso-Serra J, Eswaran G, Venegas MP, Ljung K, Ward S, Mähönen AP, Himanen K, Salojärvi J, Fernie AR, Novák O, Leyser O, Pałubicki W, Helariutta Y, Nieminen K. Tree architecture: A strigolactone-deficient mutant reveals a connection between branching order and auxin gradient along the tree stem. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308587120. [PMID: 37991945 PMCID: PMC10691325 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308587120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their long lifespan, trees and bushes develop higher order of branches in a perennial manner. In contrast to a tall tree, with a clearly defined main stem and branching order, a bush is shorter and has a less apparent main stem and branching pattern. To address the developmental basis of these two forms, we studied several naturally occurring architectural variants in silver birch (Betula pendula). Using a candidate gene approach, we identified a bushy kanttarelli variant with a loss-of-function mutation in the BpMAX1 gene required for strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis. While kanttarelli is shorter than the wild type (WT), it has the same number of primary branches, whereas the number of secondary branches is increased, contributing to its bush-like phenotype. To confirm that the identified mutation was responsible for the phenotype, we phenocopied kanttarelli in transgenic BpMAX1::RNAi birch lines. SL profiling confirmed that both kanttarelli and the transgenic lines produced very limited amounts of SL. Interestingly, the auxin (IAA) distribution along the main stem differed between WT and BpMAX1::RNAi. In the WT, the auxin concentration formed a gradient, being higher in the uppermost internodes and decreasing toward the basal part of the stem, whereas in the transgenic line, this gradient was not observed. Through modeling, we showed that the different IAA distribution patterns may result from the difference in the number of higher-order branches and plant height. Future studies will determine whether the IAA gradient itself regulates aspects of plant architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Andrzej Kokosza
- Mathematics and Computer Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań61-614, Poland
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya321-8505, Japan
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, OlomoucCZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Pasi Raumonen
- Mathematics, Tampere University, Tampere33720, Finland
| | - Xueping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Sampo Muranen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Melis Kucukoglu Topcu
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Juha Immanen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki00790, Finland
| | - Risto Hagqvist
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki00790, Finland
| | - Omid Safronov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Juan Alonso-Serra
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Lyon69342, France
| | - Gugan Eswaran
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Mirko Pavicic Venegas
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN37830
- National Plant Phenotyping Infrastructure, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Biocenter Finland, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sally Ward
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Kristiina Himanen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- National Plant Phenotyping Infrastructure, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Biocenter Finland, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637551, Singapore
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, OlomoucCZ-78371, Czech Republic
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Olomouc78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Wojtek Pałubicki
- Mathematics and Computer Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań61-614, Poland
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Kaisa Nieminen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki00790, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zemlyanskaya EA, Zemlianski V, Pěnčík A, Kelley DR, Helariutta Y, Novák O, Růžička K. N6-adenosine methylation of mRNA integrates multilevel auxin response and ground tissue development in Arabidopsis. Development 2023; 150:dev201775. [PMID: 37724502 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) is a widespread internal mRNA modification impacting the expression of numerous genes. Here, we characterize auxin-related defects among the pleiotropic phenotypes of hypomorphic Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with impaired m6A status and reveal that they show strong resistance to exogenously applied auxin. By combining major published m6A datasets, we propose that among high-confidence target transcripts emerge those encoding the main components required for auxin signaling, including the TIR1/AFB auxin receptors and ARF transcriptional regulators. We also observe subtle changes in endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid metabolites in these hypomorphic lines, which correlate with the methylation status of indole-3-acetic acid amidohydrolase transcripts. In addition, we reveal that reduced m6A levels lead to defects in endodermal patterning in the primary root arising from impaired timing of periclinal cell divisions. These defects can be reverted by inhibition of auxin signaling. Together, our data underline that m6A likely affects auxin-dependent processes at multiple levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Zemlyanskaya
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, CZ-160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 25, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Viacheslav Zemlianski
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 1594/7, CZ-128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dior R Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 3011 Advanced Teaching & Research Building, Ames, IA 50011-3220, USA
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- Wood Development Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Růžička
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, CZ-160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hladík P, Petřík I, Žukauskaitė A, Novák O, Pěnčík A. Metabolic profiles of 2-oxindole-3-acetyl-amino acid conjugates differ in various plant species. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1217421. [PMID: 37534287 PMCID: PMC10390838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1217421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxins are a group of phytohormones that play a key role in plant growth and development, mainly presented by the major member of the family - indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The levels of free IAA are regulated, in addition to de novo biosynthesis, by irreversible oxidative catabolism and reversible conjugation with sugars and amino acids. These conjugates, which serve as inactive storage forms of auxin and/or degradation intermediates, can also be oxidized to form 2-oxindole-3-acetyl-1-O-ß-d-glucose (oxIAA-glc) and oxIAA-amino acids (oxIAA-AAs). Until now, only oxIAA conjugates with aspartate and glutamate have been identified in plants. However, detailed information on the endogenous levels of these and other putative oxIAA-amino acid conjugates in various plant species and their spatial distribution is still not well understood but is finally getting more attention. Herein, we identified and characterized two novel naturally occurring auxin metabolites in plants, namely oxIAA-leucine (oxIAA-Leu) and oxIAA-phenylalanine (oxIAA-Phe). Subsequently, a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of a wide range of IAA metabolites. Using this methodology, the quantitative determination of IAA metabolites including newly characterized oxIAA conjugates in roots, shoots and cotyledons of four selected plant models - Arabidopsis thaliana, pea (Pisum sativum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) was performed to compare auxin metabolite profiles. The distribution of various groups of auxin metabolites differed notably among the studied species as well as their sections. For example, oxIAA-AA conjugates were the major metabolites found in pea, while oxIAA-glc dominated in Arabidopsis. We further compared IAA metabolite levels in plants harvested at different growth stages to monitor the dynamics of IAA metabolite profiles during early seedling development. In general, our results show a great diversity of auxin inactivation pathways among angiosperm plants. We believe that our findings will greatly contribute to a better understanding of IAA homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hladík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brunoni F, Pěnčík A, Žukauskaitė A, Ament A, Kopečná M, Collani S, Kopečný D, Novák O. Amino acid conjugation of oxIAA is a secondary metabolic regulation involved in auxin homeostasis. New Phytol 2023; 238:2264-2270. [PMID: 36941219 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brunoni
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Anita Ament
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kopečná
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Silvio Collani
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90736, Sweden
| | - David Kopečný
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Široká J, Brunoni F, Pěnčík A, Mik V, Žukauskaitė A, Strnad M, Novák O, Floková K. High-throughput interspecies profiling of acidic plant hormones using miniaturised sample processing. Plant Methods 2022; 18:122. [PMID: 36384566 PMCID: PMC9670418 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acidic phytohormones are small molecules controlling many physiological functions in plants. A comprehensive picture of their profiles including the active forms, precursors and metabolites provides an important insight into ongoing physiological processes and is essential for many biological studies performed on plants. RESULTS A high-throughput sample preparation method for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of 25 acidic phytohormones classed as auxins, jasmonates, abscisates and salicylic acid was optimised. The method uses a small amount of plant tissue (less than 10 mg fresh weight) and acidic extraction in 1 mol/L formic acid in 10% aqueous methanol followed by miniaturised purification on reverse phase sorbent accommodated in pipette tips organised in a 3D printed 96-place interface, capable of processing 192 samples in one run. The method was evaluated in terms of process efficiency, recovery and matrix effects as well as establishing validation parameters such as accuracy and precision. The applicability of the method in relation to the amounts of sample collected from distantly related plant species was evaluated and the results for phytohormone profiles are discussed in the context of literature reports. CONCLUSION The method developed enables high-throughput profiling of acidic phytohormones with minute amounts of plant material, and it is suitable for large scale interspecies studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Široká
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Federica Brunoni
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Mik
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Floková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Antoniadi I, Mateo-Bonmatí E, Pernisová M, Brunoni F, Antoniadi M, Villalonga MGA, Ament A, Karády M, Turnbull C, Doležal K, Pěnčík A, Ljung K, Novák O. IPT9, a cis-zeatin cytokinin biosynthesis gene, promotes root growth. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:932008. [PMID: 36311087 PMCID: PMC9616112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.932008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin and auxin are plant hormones that coordinate many aspects of plant development. Their interactions in plant underground growth are well established, occurring at the levels of metabolism, signaling, and transport. Unlike many plant hormone classes, cytokinins are represented by more than one active molecule. Multiple mutant lines, blocking specific parts of cytokinin biosynthetic pathways, have enabled research in plants with deficiencies in specific cytokinin-types. While most of these mutants have confirmed the impeding effect of cytokinin on root growth, the ipt29 double mutant instead surprisingly exhibits reduced primary root length compared to the wild type. This mutant is impaired in cis-zeatin (cZ) production, a cytokinin-type that had been considered inactive in the past. Here we have further investigated the intriguing ipt29 root phenotype, opposite to known cytokinin functions, and the (bio)activity of cZ. Our data suggest that despite the ipt29 short-root phenotype, cZ application has a negative impact on primary root growth and can activate a cytokinin response in the stele. Grafting experiments revealed that the root phenotype of ipt29 depends mainly on local signaling which does not relate directly to cytokinin levels. Notably, ipt29 displayed increased auxin levels in the root tissue. Moreover, analyses of the differential contributions of ipt2 and ipt9 to the ipt29 short-root phenotype demonstrated that, despite its deficiency on cZ levels, ipt2 does not show any root phenotype or auxin homeostasis variation, while ipt9 mutants were indistinguishable from ipt29. We conclude that IPT9 functions may go beyond cZ biosynthesis, directly or indirectly, implicating effects on auxin homeostasis and therefore influencing plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Antoniadi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eduardo Mateo-Bonmatí
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Markéta Pernisová
- Plant Sciences Core Facility, Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), and NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Federica Brunoni
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Mariana Antoniadi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anita Ament
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Michal Karády
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Colin Turnbull
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Smailagić D, Banjac N, Ninković S, Savić J, Ćosić T, Pěnčík A, Ćalić D, Bogdanović M, Trajković M, Stanišić M. New Insights Into the Activity of Apple Dihydrochalcone Phloretin: Disturbance of Auxin Homeostasis as Physiological Basis of Phloretin Phytotoxic Action. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:875528. [PMID: 35873993 PMCID: PMC9302884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.875528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apple species are the unique naturally rich source of dihydrochalcones, phenolic compounds with an elusive role in planta, but suggested auto-allelochemical features related to "apple replant disease" (ARD). Our aim was to elucidate the physiological basis of the phytotoxic action of dihydrochalcone phloretin in the model plant Arabidopsis and to promote phloretin as a new prospective eco-friendly phytotoxic compound. Phloretin treatment induced a significant dose-dependent growth retardation and severe morphological abnormalities and agravitropic behavior in Arabidopsis seedlings. Histological examination revealed a reduced starch content in the columella cells and a serious disturbance in root architecture, which resulted in the reduction in length of meristematic and elongation zones. Significantly disturbed auxin metabolome profile in roots with a particularly increased content of IAA accumulated in the lateral parts of the root apex, accompanied by changes in the expression of auxin biosynthetic and transport genes, especially PIN1, PIN3, PIN7, and ABCB1, indicates the role of auxin in physiological basis of phloretin-induced growth retardation. The results reveal a disturbance of auxin homeostasis as the main mechanism of phytotoxic action of phloretin. This mechanism makes phloretin a prospective candidate for an eco-friendly bioherbicide and paves the way for further research of phloretin role in ARD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Smailagić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Banjac
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ninković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Savić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Dušica Ćalić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Bogdanović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Trajković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mariana Stanišić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Casanova‐Sáez R, Mateo‐Bonmatí E, Šimura J, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Staswick P, Ljung K. Inactivation of the entire Arabidopsis group II GH3s confers tolerance to salinity and water deficit. New Phytol 2022; 235:263-275. [PMID: 35322877 PMCID: PMC9322293 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) controls a plethora of developmental processes. Thus, regulation of its concentration is of great relevance for plant performance. Cellular IAA concentration depends on its transport, biosynthesis and the various pathways for IAA inactivation, including oxidation and conjugation. Group II members of the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) gene family code for acyl acid amido synthetases catalysing the conjugation of IAA to amino acids. However, the high degree of functional redundancy among them has hampered thorough analysis of their roles in plant development. In this work, we generated an Arabidopsis gh3.1,2,3,4,5,6,9,17 (gh3oct) mutant to knock out the group II GH3 pathway. The gh3oct plants had an elaborated root architecture, showed an increased tolerance to different osmotic stresses, including an IAA-dependent tolerance to salinity, and were more tolerant to water deficit. Indole-3-acetic acid metabolite quantification in gh3oct plants suggested the existence of additional GH3-like enzymes in IAA metabolism. Moreover, our data suggested that 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid production depends, at least in part, on the GH3 pathway. Targeted stress-hormone analysis further suggested involvement of abscisic acid in the differential response to salinity of gh3oct plants. Taken together, our data provide new insights into the roles of group II GH3s in IAA metabolism and hormone-regulated plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Casanova‐Sáez
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Eduardo Mateo‐Bonmatí
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsFaculty of SciencePalacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 27OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsFaculty of SciencePalacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 27OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Paul Staswick
- Department of Agronomy and HorticultureUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Camalle MD, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Zhao L, Zurgil U, Fait A, Tel-Zur N. Impairment of root auxin-cytokinins homeostasis induces collapse of incompatible melon grafts during fruit ripening. Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhac110. [PMID: 35795394 PMCID: PMC9252106 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The factors underlying the plant collapse of certain melon-pumpkin graft combinations are not fully understood. Our working hypothesis was that impairment of photoassimilates transport in incompatible combinations induces an imbalance in the homeostasis of root auxin (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) and of cytokinins, probably triggering plant collapse. Root IAA and cytokinins levels in the presence and absence of fruit and changes in root and scion metabolites were investigated in compatible and incompatible combinations. We showed elevated levels of IAA, 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid (IAA catabolite), indole-3-acetylaspartate (IAA conjugate), and cis-zeatin-type cytokinins, but low levels of trans-zeatin-type cytokinins in the roots of plants of the incompatible combination during fruit ripening. Similarly, during fruit ripening, the expression of the YUCCA genes, YUC2, YUC6, and YUC11 (required for auxin biosynthesis), the GRETCHEN-HAGEN3 gene (required for auxin conjugation), and the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 7 (CKX7) gene (regulates the irreversible degradation of cytokinin) was enhanced in the roots of plants of the incompatible combination. Moreover, in the incompatible combination the fruiting process restricted transport of photoassimilates to the rootstock and induces their accumulation in the scion. In addition, high levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde and reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the roots of the incompatible graft. Our results showed that the collapse of the incompatible graft combination during fruit ripening is closely associated with a dramatic accumulation of IAA in the roots, which probably elicits oxidative damage and disturbs the balance of IAA and cytokinins that is of critical importance in melon-pumpkin graft compatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Camalle
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 8499000, Israel
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lina Zhao
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 8499000, Israel
| | - Udi Zurgil
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva 84104000, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva 84104000, Israel
| | - Noemi Tel-Zur
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva 84104000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nemec‐Venza Z, Madden C, Stewart A, Liu W, Novák O, Pěnčík A, Cuming AC, Kamisugi Y, Harrison CJ. CLAVATA modulates auxin homeostasis and transport to regulate stem cell identity and plant shape in a moss. New Phytol 2022; 234:149-163. [PMID: 35032334 PMCID: PMC9303531 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The CLAVATA pathway is a key regulator of stem cell function in the multicellular shoot tips of Arabidopsis, where it acts via the WUSCHEL transcription factor to modulate hormone homeostasis. Broad-scale evolutionary comparisons have shown that CLAVATA is a conserved regulator of land plant stem cell function, but CLAVATA acts independently of WUSCHEL-like (WOX) proteins in bryophytes. The relationship between CLAVATA, hormone homeostasis and the evolution of land plant stem cell functions is unknown. Here we show that in the moss, Physcomitrella (Physcomitrium patens), CLAVATA affects stem cell activity by modulating hormone homeostasis. CLAVATA pathway genes are expressed in the tip cells of filamentous tissues, regulating cell identity, filament branching, plant spread and auxin synthesis. The receptor-like kinase PpRPK2 plays the major role, and Pprpk2 mutants have abnormal responses to cytokinin, auxin and auxin transport inhibition, and show reduced expression of PIN auxin transporters. We propose a model whereby PpRPK2 modulates auxin gradients in filaments to determine stem cell identity and overall plant form. Our data indicate that CLAVATA-mediated auxin homeostasis is a fundamental property of plant stem cell function, probably exhibited by the last shared common ancestor of land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Nemec‐Venza
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Connor Madden
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical NeurosciencesMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & GenomicsCardiff University School of MedicineHeath ParkCardiffCF14 4XNUK
| | - Amy Stewart
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsFaculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 27Olomouc78371Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsFaculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 27Olomouc78371Czech Republic
| | - Andrew C. Cuming
- Centre for Plant SciencesFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Yasuko Kamisugi
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
- Centre for Plant SciencesFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - C. Jill Harrison
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Frank M, Cortleven A, Pěnčík A, Novak O, Schmülling T. The Photoperiod Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana Depends on Auxin Acting as an Antagonist to the Protectant Cytokinin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062936. [PMID: 35328357 PMCID: PMC8955046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating environmental conditions trigger adaptive responses in plants, which are regulated by phytohormones. During photoperiod stress caused by a prolongation of the light period, cytokinin (CK) has a protective function. Auxin often acts as an antagonist of CK in developmental processes and stress responses. Here, we investigated the regulation of the photoperiod stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana by auxin and its interaction with CK. Transcriptome analysis revealed an altered transcript abundance of numerous auxin metabolism and signaling genes after photoperiod stress treatment. The changes appeared earlier and were stronger in the photoperiod-stress-sensitive CK receptor mutant arabidopsis histidine kinase 2 (ahk2),3 compared to wild-type plants. The concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), IAA-Glc and IAA-Asp increased in both genotypes, but the increases were more pronounced in ahk2,3. Genetic analysis revealed that the gain-of-function YUCCA 1 (YUC1) mutant, yuc1D, displayed an increased photoperiod stress sensitivity. In contrast, a loss of the auxin receptors TRANSPORT-INHIBITOR-RESISTANT 1 (TIR1), AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX 2 (AFB2) and AFB3 in wild-type and ahk2,3 background caused a reduced photoperiod stress response. Overall, this study revealed that auxin promotes response to photoperiod stress antagonizing the protective CK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Frank
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cackett L, Cannistraci CV, Meier S, Ferrandi P, Pěnčík A, Gehring C, Novák O, Ingle RA, Donaldson L. Salt-Specific Gene Expression Reveals Elevated Auxin Levels in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Grown Under Saline Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:804716. [PMID: 35222469 PMCID: PMC8866861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.804716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is increasing globally, driving a reduction in crop yields that threatens food security. Salinity stress reduces plant growth by exerting two stresses on plants: rapid shoot ion-independent effects which are largely osmotic and delayed ionic effects that are specific to salinity stress. In this study we set out to delineate the osmotic from the ionic effects of salinity stress. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were germinated and grown for two weeks in media supplemented with 50, 75, 100, or 125 mM NaCl (that imposes both an ionic and osmotic stress) or iso-osmolar concentrations (100, 150, 200, or 250 mM) of sorbitol, that imposes only an osmotic stress. A subsequent transcriptional analysis was performed to identify sets of genes that are differentially expressed in plants grown in (1) NaCl or (2) sorbitol compared to controls. A comparison of the gene sets identified genes that are differentially expressed under both challenge conditions (osmotic genes) and genes that are only differentially expressed in plants grown on NaCl (ionic genes, hereafter referred to as salt-specific genes). A pathway analysis of the osmotic and salt-specific gene lists revealed that distinct biological processes are modulated during growth under the two conditions. The list of salt-specific genes was enriched in the gene ontology (GO) term "response to auxin." Quantification of the predominant auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and IAA biosynthetic intermediates revealed that IAA levels are elevated in a salt-specific manner through increased IAA biosynthesis. Furthermore, the expression of NITRILASE 2 (NIT2), which hydrolyses indole-3-acetonitile (IAN) into IAA, increased in a salt-specific manner. Overexpression of NIT2 resulted in increased IAA levels, improved Na:K ratios and enhanced survival and growth of Arabidopsis under saline conditions. Overall, our data suggest that auxin is involved in maintaining growth during the ionic stress imposed by saline conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Cackett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart Meier
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Paul Ferrandi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Robert A. Ingle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Lara Donaldson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mácová K, Prabhullachandran U, Štefková M, Spyroglou I, Pěnčík A, Endlová L, Novák O, Robert HS. Long-Term High-Temperature Stress Impacts on Embryo and Seed Development in Brassica napus. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:844292. [PMID: 35528932 PMCID: PMC9075611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.844292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus (rapeseed) is the second most important oilseed crop worldwide. Global rise in average ambient temperature and extreme weather severely impact rapeseed seed yield. However, fewer research explained the phenotype changes caused by moderate-to-high temperatures in rapeseed. To investigate these events, we determined the long-term response of three spring cultivars to different temperature regimes (21/18°C, 28/18°C, and 34/18°C) mimicking natural temperature variations. The analysis focused on the plant appearance, seed yield, quality and viability, and embryo development. Our microscopic observations suggest that embryonic development is accelerated and defective in high temperatures. Reduced viable seed yield at warm ambient temperature is due to a reduced fertilization rate, increased abortion rate, defective embryonic development, and pre-harvest sprouting. Reduced auxin levels in young seeds and low ABA and auxin levels in mature seeds may cause embryo pattern defects and reduced seed dormancy, respectively. Glucosinolates and oil composition measurements suggest reduced seed quality. These identified cues help understand seed thermomorphogenesis and pave the way to developing thermoresilient rapeseed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Mácová
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Hormonal Crosstalk in Plant Development, Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Unnikannan Prabhullachandran
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Hormonal Crosstalk in Plant Development, Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marie Štefková
- Hormonal Crosstalk in Plant Development, Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ioannis Spyroglou
- Plant Sciences Core Facility, Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Hélène S Robert
- Hormonal Crosstalk in Plant Development, Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dziewit K, Pěnčík A, Dobrzyńska K, Novák O, Szal B, Podgórska A. Spatiotemporal auxin distribution in Arabidopsis tissues is regulated by anabolic and catabolic reactions under long-term ammonium stress. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:602. [PMID: 34922457 PMCID: PMC8684078 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant hormone auxin is a major coordinator of plant growth and development in response to diverse environmental signals, including nutritional conditions. Sole ammonium (NH4+) nutrition is one of the unique growth-suppressing conditions for plants. Therefore, the quest to understand NH4+-mediated developmental defects led us to analyze auxin metabolism. RESULTS Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the most predominant natural auxin, accumulates in the leaves and roots of mature Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown on NH4+, but not in the root tips. We found changes at the expressional level in reactions leading to IAA biosynthesis and deactivation in different tissues. Finally, NH4+ nutrition would facilitate the formation of inactive oxidized IAA as the final product. CONCLUSIONS NH4+-mediated accelerated auxin turnover rates implicate transient and local IAA peaks. A noticeable auxin pattern in tissues correlates with the developmental adaptations of the short and highly branched root system of NH4+-grown plants. Therefore, the spatiotemporal distribution of auxin might be a root-shaping signal specific to adjust to NH4+-stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Dziewit
- Institute of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Dobrzyńska
- Institute of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bożena Szal
- Institute of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Podgórska
- Institute of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Skalický V, Vojtková T, Pěnčík A, Vrána J, Juzoń K, Koláčková V, Sedlářová M, Kubeš MF, Novák O. Auxin Metabolite Profiling in Isolated and Intact Plant Nuclei. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12369. [PMID: 34830250 PMCID: PMC8620152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant nucleus plays an irreplaceable role in cellular control and regulation by auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) mainly because canonical auxin signaling takes place here. Auxin can enter the nucleus from either the endoplasmic reticulum or cytosol. Therefore, new information about the auxin metabolome (auxinome) in the nucleus can illuminate our understanding of subcellular auxin homeostasis. Different methods of nuclear isolation from various plant tissues have been described previously, but information about auxin metabolite levels in nuclei is still fragmented and insufficient. Herein, we tested several published nucleus isolation protocols based on differential centrifugation or flow cytometry. The optimized sorting protocol leading to promising yield, intactness, and purity was then combined with an ultra-sensitive mass spectrometry analysis. Using this approach, we can present the first complex report on the auxinome of isolated nuclei from cell cultures of Arabidopsis and tobacco. Moreover, our results show dynamic changes in auxin homeostasis at the intranuclear level after treatment of protoplasts with free IAA, or indole as a precursor of auxin biosynthesis. Finally, we can conclude that the methodological procedure combining flow cytometry and mass spectrometry offers new horizons for the study of auxin homeostasis at the subcellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Skalický
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Tereza Vojtková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Juzoń
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Veronika Koláčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Michaela Sedlářová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin F. Kubeš
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kula-Maximenko M, Niewiadomska E, Maksymowicz A, Ostrowska A, Oklestkova J, Pěnčík A, Janeczko A. Insight into Details of the Photosynthetic Light Reactions and Selected Metabolic Changes in Tomato Seedlings Growing under Various Light Spectra. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111517. [PMID: 34768948 PMCID: PMC8584210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our study was to characterise the growth of tomato seedlings under various light spectra, but special attention has been paid to gaining a deeper insight into the details of photosynthetic light reactions. The following light combinations (generated by LEDs, constant light intensity at 300 μmol m−2 s−1) were used: blue/red light; blue/red light + far red; blue/red light + UV; white light that was supplemented with green, and white light that was supplemented with blue. Moreover, two combinations of white light for which the light intensity was changed by imitating the sunrise, sunset, and moon were also tested. The reference point was also light generated by high pressure sodium lamps (HPS). Plant growth/morphological parameters under various light conditions were only partly correlated with the photosynthetic efficiency of PSI and PSII. Illumination with blue/red as the main components had a negative effect on the functioning of PSII compared to the white light and HPS-generated light. On the other hand, the functioning of PSI was especially negatively affected under the blue/red light that was supplemented with FR. The FT-Raman studies showed that the general metabolic profile of the leaves (especially proteins and β-carotene) was similar in the plants that were grown under the HPS and under the LED-generated white light for which the light intensity changed during a day. The effect of various light conditions on the leaf hormonal balance (auxins, brassinosteroids) is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kula-Maximenko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.-M.); (E.N.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Ewa Niewiadomska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.-M.); (E.N.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Maksymowicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.-M.); (E.N.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.-M.); (E.N.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Janeczko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.-M.); (E.N.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Müller K, Dobrev PI, Pěnčík A, Hošek P, Vondráková Z, Filepová R, Malínská K, Brunoni F, Helusová L, Moravec T, Retzer K, Harant K, Novák O, Hoyerová K, Petrášek J. DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION 1 catalyzes the oxidation of IAA amino acid conjugates. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:103-115. [PMID: 34618129 PMCID: PMC8418401 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Together with auxin transport, auxin metabolism is a key determinant of auxin signaling output by plant cells. Enzymatic machinery involved in auxin metabolism is subject to regulation based on numerous inputs, including the concentration of auxin itself. Therefore, experiments characterizing altered auxin availability and subsequent changes in auxin metabolism could elucidate the function and regulatory role of individual elements in the auxin metabolic machinery. Here, we studied auxin metabolism in auxin-dependent tobacco BY-2 cells. We revealed that the concentration of N-(2-oxindole-3-acetyl)-l-aspartic acid (oxIAA-Asp), the most abundant auxin metabolite produced in the control culture, dramatically decreased in auxin-starved BY-2 cells. Analysis of the transcriptome and proteome in auxin-starved cells uncovered significant downregulation of all tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) homologs of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION 1 (DAO1), at both transcript and protein levels. Auxin metabolism profiling in BY-2 mutants carrying either siRNA-silenced or CRISPR-Cas9-mutated NtDAO1, as well as in dao1-1 Arabidopsis plants, showed not only the expected lower levels of oxIAA, but also significantly lower abundance of oxIAA-Asp. Finally, ability of DAO1 to oxidize IAA-Asp was confirmed by an enzyme assay in AtDAO1-producing bacterial culture. Our results thus represent direct evidence of DAO1 activity on IAA amino acid conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Müller
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petre Ivanov Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hošek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Vondráková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Malínská
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Federica Brunoni
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Helusová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Moravec
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Retzer
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Harant
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, Vestec 252 42, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hoyerová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Smolko A, Bauer N, Pavlović I, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Salopek-Sondi B. Altered Root Growth, Auxin Metabolism and Distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana Exposed to Salt and Osmotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157993. [PMID: 34360759 PMCID: PMC8348202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt and osmotic stress are the main abiotic stress factors affecting plant root growth and architecture. We investigated the effect of salt (100 mM NaCl) and osmotic (200 mM mannitol) stress on the auxin metabolome by UHPLC-MS/MS, auxin distribution by confocal microscopy, and transcript levels of selected genes by qRT-PCR in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0 (Col-0) and DR5rev::GFP (DR5) line. During long-term stress (13 days), a stability of the auxin metabolome and a tendency to increase indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were observed, especially during salt stress. Short-term stress (3 h) caused significant changes in the auxin metabolome, especially NaCl treatment resulted in a significant reduction of IAA. The data derived from auxin profiling were consistent with gene expressions showing the most striking changes in the transcripts of YUC, GH3, and UGT transcripts, suggesting disruption of auxin biosynthesis, but especially in the processes of amide and ester conjugation. These data were consistent with the auxin distribution observed in the DR5 line. Moreover, NaCl treatment caused a redistribution of auxin signals from the quiescent center and the inner layers of the root cap to the epidermal and cortical cells of the root elongation zone. The distribution of PIN proteins was also disrupted by salt stress; in particular, PIN2 was suppressed, even after 5 min of treatment. Based on our results, the DR5 line was more sensitive to the applied stresses than Col-0, although both lines showed similar trends in root morphology, as well as transcriptome and metabolome parameters under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Smolko
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Nataša Bauer
- Department for Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4561-143
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Castander-Olarieta A, Moncaleán P, Pereira C, Pěnčík A, Petřík I, Pavlović I, Novák O, Strnad M, Goicoa T, Ugarte MD, Montalbán IA. Cytokinins are involved in drought tolerance of Pinus radiata plants originating from embryonal masses induced at high temperatures. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:912-926. [PMID: 32348507 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative propagation through somatic embryogenesis is an effective method to produce elite varieties and can be applied as a tool to study the response of plants to different stresses. Several studies show that environmental changes during embryogenesis could determine future plant development. Moreover, we previously reported that physical and chemical conditions during somatic embryogenesis can determine the protein, hormone and metabolite profiles, as well as the micromorphological and ultrastructural organization of embryonal masses and somatic embryos. In this sense, phytohormones are key players throughout the somatic embryogenesis process as well as during numerous stress-adaptation responses. In this work, we first applied different high-temperature regimes (30 °C, 4 weeks; 40 °C, 4 days; 50 °C, 5 min) during induction of Pinus radiata D. Don somatic embryogenesis, together with control temperature (23 °C). Then, the somatic plants regenerated from initiated embryogenic cell lines and cultivated in greenhouse conditions were subjected to drought stress and control treatments to evaluate survival, growth and several physiological traits (relative water content, water potential, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration). Based on those preliminary results, even more extreme high-temperature regimes were applied during induction (40 °C, 4 h; 50 °C, 30 min; 60 °C, 5 min) and the corresponding cytokinin profiles of initiated embryonal masses from different lines were analysed. The results showed that the temperature regime during induction had delayed negative effects on drought resilience of somatic plants as indicated by survival, photosynthetic activity and water- use efficiency. However, high temperatures for extended periods of time enhanced subsequent plant growth in well-watered conditions. High-temperature regime treatments induced significant differences in the profile of total cytokinin bases, N6-isopentenyladenine, cis-zeatin riboside and trans-zeatin riboside. We concluded that phytohormones could be potential regulators of stress-response processes during initial steps of somatic embryogenesis and that they may have delayed implications in further developmental processes, determining the performance of the generated plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catia Pereira
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER, Arcaute 01080, Spain
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Goicoa
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Maria D Ugarte
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Camalle MD, Sikron N, Zurgil U, Khadka J, Pivonia S, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Fait A, Tel-Zur N. Does scion-rootstock compatibility modulate photoassimilate and hormone trafficking through the graft junction in melon-pumpkin graft combinations? Plant Sci 2021; 306:110852. [PMID: 33775359 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the rootstock on the acropetal and basipetal transport of photoassimilates and hormones was studied in the 'Kiran' (Ki) melon cultivar grafted onto pumpkin rootstocks with different degrees of compatibility. A complementary experiment was performed to compare the incompatible combination (as evidenced by plant collapse at the fruit ripening stage), designated Ki/r53, with self-grafted r53/r53 as a model compatible combination. Both experiments showed the accumulation of a number of amino acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols in the scion of the incompatible Ki/r53 grafts. Additionally, they showed a marked reduction of trans-zeatin-type cytokinins and an elevated content of cis-zeatin-type cytokinins in the rootstock, and the opposite pattern in the scion, hinting at the possible involvement of a hormonal signal for graft compatibility. There was no direct evidence of a blockage at the graft union, since hormone acropetal and basipetal trafficking was demonstrated for all combinations. Dye uptake experiments did not show xylem flow impairment. A possibly significant finding in the incompatible combination was the deposition of undifferentiated cells in the hollow space that replaces the pith region in melon and pumpkin. The link between the above findings and the collapse of the plants of the incompatible combination remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Camalle
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Noga Sikron
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva, 84104, Israel
| | - Udi Zurgil
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva, 84104, Israel
| | - Janardan Khadka
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Shimon Pivonia
- Arava Research and Development, Yair Experimental Station, M.P. Arava, 86825, Israel
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron Fait
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva, 84104, Israel
| | - Noemi Tel-Zur
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva, 84104, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Morina F, Mijovilovich A, Koloniuk I, Pěnčík A, Grúz J, Novák O, Küpper H. Interactions between zinc and Phomopsis longicolla infection in roots of Glycine max. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:3320-3336. [PMID: 33544825 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phomopsis. longicolla is a hemibiotrophic fungus causing significant soybean yield loss worldwide. To reveal the role of zinc in plant-pathogen interactions, soybean seedlings were grown hydroponically with a range of Zn concentrations, 0.06 µM (deficient, Zn0), 0.4 µM (optimal growth), 1.5 µM, 4 µM, 12 µM, and toxic 38 μM, and were subsequently inoculated with P. longicolla via the roots. In vivo analysis of metal distribution in tissues by micro-X-ray fluorescence showed local Zn mobilization in the root maturation zone in all treatments. Decreased root and pod biomass, and photosynthetic performance in infected plants treated with 0.4 µM Zn were accompanied with accumulation of Zn, jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), jasmonic acid, and cell wall-bound syringic acid (cwSyA) in roots. Zn concentration in roots of infected plants treated with 1.5 µM Zn was seven-fold higher than in the 0.4 µM Zn treatment, which together with accumulation of JA-Ile, cwSyA, cell wall-bound vanilic acid and leaf jasmonates contributed to maintaining photosynthesis and pod biomass. Host-pathogen nutrient competition and phenolics accumulation limited the infection in Zn-deficient plants. The low infection rate in Zn 4 µM-treated roots correlated with salicylic and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and cell wall-bound p-coumaric acid accumulation. Zn toxicity promoted pathogen invasion and depleted cell wall-bound phenolics. The results show that manipulation of Zn availability improves soybean resistance to P. longicolla by stimulating phenolics biosynthesis and stress-inducible phytohormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filis Morina
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Mijovilovich
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Koloniuk
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Virology, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany and Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Grúz
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany and Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Novák
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany and Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang C, Žukauskaitė A, Petřík I, Pěnčík A, Hönig M, Grúz J, Široká J, Novák O, Doležal K. In situ characterisation of phytohormones from wounded Arabidopsis leaves using desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry imaging. Analyst 2021; 146:2653-2663. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an02118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of target phytohormones is highlighted in wounded Arabidopsis leaves, the differences in their abundance are determined, and the correlations between them are analysed using DESI-MSI analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hönig
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Grúz
- Department of Experimental Biology
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Široká
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nilsson AK, Pěnčík A, Johansson ON, Bånkestad D, Fristedt R, Suorsa M, Trotta A, Novák O, Mamedov F, Aro EM, Burmeister BL. PSB33 protein sustains photosystem II in plant chloroplasts under UV-A light. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:7210-7223. [PMID: 32930769 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants can quickly and dynamically respond to spectral and intensity variations of the incident light. These responses include activation of developmental processes, morphological changes, and photosynthetic acclimation that ensure optimal energy conversion and minimal photoinhibition. Plant adaptation and acclimation to environmental changes have been extensively studied, but many details surrounding these processes remain elusive. The photosystem II (PSII)-associated protein PSB33 plays a fundamental role in sustaining PSII as well as in the regulation of the light antenna in fluctuating light. We investigated how PSB33 knock-out Arabidopsis plants perform under different light qualities. psb33 plants displayed a reduction of 88% of total fresh weight compared to wild type plants when cultivated at the boundary of UV-A and blue light. The sensitivity towards UV-A light was associated with a lower abundance of PSII proteins, which reduces psb33 plants' capacity for photosynthesis. The UV-A phenotype was found to be linked to altered phytohormone status and changed thylakoid ultrastructure. Our results collectively show that PSB33 is involved in a UV-A light-mediated mechanism to maintain a functional PSII pool in the chloroplast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders K Nilsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Oskar N Johansson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Rikard Fristedt
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Biology and Biology Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrient Science, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Björn Lundin Burmeister
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Independent researcher, Gamlestadstorget, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Králová M, Frébortová J, Pěnčík A, Frébort I. Overexpression of Trp-related genes in Claviceps purpurea leading to increased ergot alkaloid production. N Biotechnol 2020; 61:69-79. [PMID: 33188977 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic fungus Claviceps purpurea has been used for decades by the pharmaceutical industry as a valuable producer of ergot alkaloids. As the biosynthetic pathway of ergot alkaloids involves a common precursor L-tryptophan, targeted genetic modification of the related genes may improve production yield. In this work, the S76L mutated version of the trpE gene encoding anthranilate synthase was constitutively overexpressed in the fungus with the aim of overcoming feedback inhibition of the native enzyme by an excess of tryptophan. In another approach, the dmaW gene encoding dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, which produces a key intermediate for the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids, was also constitutively overexpressed. Each of the above manipulations led to a significant increase (up to 7-fold) in the production of ergot alkaloids in submerged cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Králová
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Frébortová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Frébort
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Torun H, Novák O, Mikulík J, Pěnčík A, Strnad M, Ayaz FA. Timing-dependent effects of salicylic acid treatment on phytohormonal changes, ROS regulation, and antioxidant defense in salinized barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:13886. [PMID: 32807910 PMCID: PMC7431421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and endogenous phytohormone pathways affects the antioxidant defense system and its response to salt stress. The study presented here investigated the effects of SA treatment before and during salt stress on the levels of endogenous plant growth regulators in three barley cultivars with different salinity tolerances: Hordeum vulgare L. cvs. Akhisar (sensitive), Erginel (moderate), and Kalaycı (tolerant). The cultivars' relative leaf water contents, growth parameters, proline contents, chlorophyll a/b ratios, and lipid peroxidation levels were measured, along with the activities of enzymes involved in detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide-dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate-peroxidase, and glutathione-reductase. In addition, levels of several endogenous phytohormones (indole-3-acetic-acid, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene) were measured. Barley is known to be more salt tolerant than related plant species. Accordingly, none of the studied cultivars exhibited changes in membrane lipid peroxidation under salt stress. However, they responded differently to salt-stress with respect to their accumulation of phytohormones and antioxidant enzyme activity. The strongest and weakest increases in ABA and proline accumulation were observed in Kalaycı and Akhisar, respectively, suggesting that salt-stress was more effectively managed in Kalaycı. The effects of exogenous SA treatment depended on both the timing of the treatment and the cultivar to which it was applied. In general, however, where SA helped mitigate salt stress, it appeared to do so by increasing ROS scavenging capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity. SA treatment also induced changes in phytohormone levels, presumably as a consequence of SA-phytohormone salt-stress cross-talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Torun
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
- Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Mikulík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Faik Ahmet Ayaz
- Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bryksová M, Hybenová A, Hernándiz AE, Novák O, Pěnčík A, Spíchal L, De Diego N, Doležal K. Hormopriming to Mitigate Abiotic Stress Effects: A Case Study of N 9-Substituted Cytokinin Derivatives With a Fluorinated Carbohydrate Moiety. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:599228. [PMID: 33362831 PMCID: PMC7758400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.599228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salinity reduce seed germination, seedling emergence, and early seedling establishment, affect plant metabolism, and hence, reduce crop yield. Development of technologies that can increase plant tolerance of these challenging growth conditions is a major current interest among plant scientists and breeders. Seed priming has become established as one of the practical approaches that can alleviate the negative impact of many environmental stresses and improve the germination and overall performance of crops. Hormopriming using different plant growth regulators has been widely demonstrated as effective, but information about using cytokinins (CKs) as priming agents is limited to only a few studies using kinetin or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Moreover, the mode of action of these compounds in improving seed and plant fitness through priming has not yet been studied. For many years, BAP has been one of the CKs most commonly applied exogenously to plants to delay senescence and reduce the impact of stress. However, rapid endogenous N 9-glucosylation of BAP can result in negative effects. This can be suppressed by hydroxylation of the benzyl ring or by appropriate N 9 purine substitution. Replacement of the 2' or 3' hydroxyl groups of a nucleoside with a fluorine atom has shown promising results in drug research and biochemistry as a means of enhancing biological activity and increasing chemical or metabolic stability. Here, we show that the application of this chemical modification in four new N 9-substituted CK derivatives with a fluorinated carbohydrate moiety improved the antisenescence properties of CKs. Besides, detailed phenotypical analysis of the growth and development of Arabidopsis plants primed with the new CK analogs over a broad concentration range and under various environmental conditions revealed that they improve growth regulation and antistress activity. Seed priming with, for example, 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-9-(β)-D-arabinofuranosylpurine promoted plant growth under control conditions and alleviated the negative effects of the salt and osmotic stress. The mode of action of this hormopriming and its effect on plant metabolism were further analyzed through quantification of the endogenous levels of phytohormones such as CKs, auxins and abscisic acid, and the results are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Bryksová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Andrea Hybenová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Alba E. Hernándiz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Nuria De Diego,
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Doyle SM, Rigal A, Grones P, Karady M, Barange DK, Majda M, Pařízková B, Karampelias M, Zwiewka M, Pěnčík A, Almqvist F, Ljung K, Novák O, Robert S. A role for the auxin precursor anthranilic acid in root gravitropism via regulation of PIN-FORMED protein polarity and relocalisation in Arabidopsis. New Phytol 2019; 223:1420-1432. [PMID: 31038751 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
distribution of auxin within plant tissues is of great importance for developmental plasticity, including root gravitropic growth. Auxin flow is directed by the subcellular polar distribution and dynamic relocalisation of auxin transporters such as the PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers, which can be influenced by the main natural plant auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Anthranilic acid (AA) is an important early precursor of IAA and previously published studies with AA analogues have suggested that AA may also regulate PIN localisation. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model species, we studied an AA-deficient mutant displaying agravitropic root growth, treated seedlings with AA and AA analogues and transformed lines to over-produce AA while inhibiting its conversion to downstream IAA precursors. We showed that AA rescues root gravitropic growth in the AA-deficient mutant at concentrations that do not rescue IAA levels. Overproduction of AA affects root gravitropism without affecting IAA levels. Treatments with, or deficiency in, AA result in defects in PIN polarity and gravistimulus-induced PIN relocalisation in root cells. Our results revealed a previously unknown role for AA in the regulation of PIN subcellular localisation and dynamics involved in root gravitropism, which is independent of its better known role in IAA biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siamsa M Doyle
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Adeline Rigal
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Grones
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michal Karady
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Deepak K Barange
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90736, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mateusz Majda
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barbora Pařízková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany at The Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science at Palacký University, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Karampelias
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Zwiewka
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90736, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Almqvist
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90736, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Robert HS, Park C, Gutièrrez CL, Wójcikowska B, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Chen J, Grunewald W, Dresselhaus T, Friml J, Laux T. Maternal auxin supply contributes to early embryo patterning in Arabidopsis. Nat Plants 2018; 4:548-553. [PMID: 30013211 PMCID: PMC6076996 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The angiosperm seed is composed of three genetically distinct tissues: the diploid embryo that originates from the fertilized egg cell, the triploid endosperm that is produced from the fertilized central cell, and the maternal sporophytic integuments that develop into the seed coat1. At the onset of embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana, the zygote divides asymmetrically, producing a small apical embryonic cell and a larger basal cell that connects the embryo to the maternal tissue2. The coordinated and synchronous development of the embryo and the surrounding integuments, and the alignment of their growth axes, suggest communication between maternal tissues and the embryo. In contrast to animals, however, where a network of maternal factors that direct embryo patterning have been identified3,4, only a few maternal mutations have been described to affect embryo development in plants5-7. Early embryo patterning in Arabidopsis requires accumulation of the phytohormone auxin in the apical cell by directed transport from the suspensor8-10. However, the origin of this auxin has remained obscure. Here we investigate the source of auxin for early embryogenesis and provide evidence that the mother plant coordinates seed development by supplying auxin to the early embryo from the integuments of the ovule. We show that auxin response increases in ovules after fertilization, due to upregulated auxin biosynthesis in the integuments, and this maternally produced auxin is required for correct embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène S Robert
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Chulmin Park
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carla Loreto Gutièrrez
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Wójcikowska
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Junyi Chen
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wim Grunewald
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Thomas Laux
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gommers CMM, Buti S, Tarkowská D, Pěnčík A, Banda JP, Arricastres V, Pierik R. Organ-specific phytohormone synthesis in two Geranium species with antithetical responses to far-red light enrichment. Plant Direct 2018; 2:e00066. [PMID: 31245741 PMCID: PMC6508794 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants growing in high densities experience a reduced red (R) to far-red (FR) light ratio and shade-intolerant species respond with accelerated elongation growth to reach the top of the canopy: the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). FR-enriched light inactivates phytochrome photoreceptors, which results in subsequent action of several plant hormones regulating growth. SAS is adaptive for shade-intolerant plants, but is suppressed in shade-tolerant plant species. Inspired by a previously published transcriptome analysis, we use two species of the genus Geranium here to study the involvement of auxin, brassinosteroids (BRs), and gibberellins (GAs) in supplemental FR-induced elongation growth. G. pyrenaicum, a shade-avoiding species, strongly induces auxin and gibberellin levels, but not BR, in elongating petioles. We show that, in this species, FR light perception, hormone synthesis, and growth are local and restricted to the petiole, and not the leaf lamina. Using chemical hormone inhibitors, we confirm the essential role of auxin and GAs in supplemental FR-induced elongation growth. Shade-tolerant G. robertianum does not display the change in hormone levels upon FR light enrichment, resulting in the lack of a shade avoidance response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M. M. Gommers
- Plant EcophysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction ProgramCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Sara Buti
- Plant EcophysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental Botany ASCRFaculty of SciencePalacký UniversityOlomoucCzechia
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental Botany ASCRFaculty of SciencePalacký UniversityOlomoucCzechia
| | - Jason P. Banda
- Plant EcophysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Centre for Plant Integrative BiologySchool of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUK
| | - Vincent Arricastres
- Plant EcophysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant EcophysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Torres D, Benavidez I, Donadio F, Mongiardini E, Rosas S, Spaepen S, Vanderleyden J, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Strnad M, Frébortová J, Cassán F. New insights into auxin metabolism in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:313-323. [PMID: 29751062 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial metabolism of phytohormones includes several processes such as biosynthesis, catabolism, conjugation, hydrolysis and homeostatic regulation. However, only biosynthesis and occasionally catabolism are studied in depth in microorganisms. In this work, we evaluated and reconsidered IAA metabolism in Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum E109, one of the most widely used strains for soybean inoculation around the world. The genomic analysis of the strain showed the presence of several genes responsible for IAA biosynthesis, mainly via indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), indole-3-acetamide (IAM) and tryptamine (TAM) pathways. However; in vitro experiments showed that IAA is not accumulated in the culture medium in significant amounts. On the contrary, a strong degradation activity was observed after exogenous addition of 0.1 mM of IAA, IBA or NAA to the medium. B. japonicum E109 was not able to grow in culture medium containing IAA as a sole carbon source. In YEM medium, the bacteria degraded IAA and hydrolyzed amino acid auxin conjugates with alanine (IAAla), phenylalanine (IAPhe), and leucine (IAPhe), releasing IAA which was quickly degraded. Finally, the presence of exogenous IAA induced physiological changes in the bacteria such as increased biomass and exopolysaccharide production, as well as infection effectiveness and symbiotic behavior in soybean plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Torres
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-microorganismo, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Iliana Benavidez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-microorganismo, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florencia Donadio
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-microorganismo, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elias Mongiardini
- Laboratorio de Interacción Rizobios y Soja, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Susana Rosas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-microorganismo, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stijn Spaepen
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Plant Microbe Interactions, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Frébortová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fabricio Cassán
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-microorganismo, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pěnčík A, Casanova-Sáez R, Pilařová V, Žukauskaitė A, Pinto R, Micol JL, Ljung K, Novák O. Ultra-rapid auxin metabolite profiling for high-throughput mutant screening in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:2569-2579. [PMID: 29514302 PMCID: PMC5920284 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) plays fundamental roles as a signalling molecule during numerous plant growth and development processes. The formation of local auxin gradients and auxin maxima/minima, which is very important for these processes, is regulated by auxin metabolism (biosynthesis, degradation, and conjugation) as well as transport. When studying auxin metabolism pathways it is crucial to combine data obtained from genetic investigations with the identification and quantification of individual metabolites. Thus, to facilitate efforts to elucidate auxin metabolism and its roles in plants, we have developed a high-throughput method for simultaneously quantifying IAA and its key metabolites in minute samples (<10 mg FW) of Arabidopsis thaliana tissues by in-tip micro solid-phase extraction and fast LC-tandem MS. As a proof of concept, we applied the method to a collection of Arabidopsis mutant lines and identified lines with altered IAA metabolite profiles using multivariate data analysis. Finally, we explored the correlation between IAA metabolite profiles and IAA-related phenotypes. The developed rapid analysis of large numbers of samples (>100 samples d-1) is a valuable tool to screen for novel regulators of auxin metabolism and homeostasis among large collections of genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Pěnčík
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rubén Casanova-Sáez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Veronika Pilařová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rui Pinto
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Chemistry department (KBC), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pavlović I, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Vujčić V, Radić Brkanac S, Lepeduš H, Strnad M, Salopek-Sondi B. Short-term salt stress in Brassica rapa seedlings causes alterations in auxin metabolism. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 125:74-84. [PMID: 29427890 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of major abiotic stresses affecting Brassica crop production. Here we present investigations into the physiological, biochemical, and hormonal components of the short-term salinity stress response in Chinese cabbage seedlings, with particular emphasis on the biosynthesis and metabolism of auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Upon salinity treatments (50-200 mM NaCl) IAA level was elevated in a dose dependent manner reaching 1.6-fold increase at the most severe salt treatment in comparison to the control. IAA precursor profiling suggested that salinity activated the indole-3-acetamide and indole-3-acetaldoxime biosynthetic pathways while suppressing the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway. Levels of the IAA catabolites 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid-aspartate increased 1.7- and 2.0-fold, respectively, under the most severe treatment, in parallel with those of IAA. Conversely, levels of the ester conjugate indole-3-acetyl-1-O-ß-d-glucose and its catabolite 2-oxoindole-3-acetyl-1-O-ß-d-glucose decreased 2.5- and 7.0-fold, respectively. The concentrations of stress hormones including jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA and JA-Ile), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) confirmed the stress induced by salt treatment: levels of JA and JA-Ile increased strongly under the mildest treatment, ABA only increased under the most severe treatment, and SA levels decreased dose-dependently. These hormonal changes were related to the observed changes in biochemical stress markers upon salt treatments: reductions in seedling fresh weight and root growth, decreased photosynthesis rate, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, and elevated proline content and the Na+/K+ ratio. Correlations among auxin profile and biochemical stress markers were discussed based on Pearson's coefficients and principal component analysis (PCA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Pavlović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Valerija Vujčić
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Radić Brkanac
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Moyo M, Aremu AO, Plačková L, Plíhalová L, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Holub J, Doležal K, Staden JV. Deciphering the growth pattern and phytohormonal content in Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia) in response to in vitro cytokinin application. N Biotechnol 2018; 42:85-94. [PMID: 29454893 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Clonal propagation plays a critical integral role in the growth and success of a global multi-billion dollar horticulture industry through a constant supply of healthy stock plants. The supply chain depends on continuously improving the micropropagation process, thus, understanding the physiology of in vitro plants remains a core component. We evaluated the influence of exogenously applied cytokinins (CKs, N6-benzyladenine = BA, isopentenyladenine = iP, meta-topolin = mT, 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)-9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)purine = mTTHP) in Murashige and Skoog (MS)-supplemented media on organogenic response and accumulation of endogenous CK and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolites. The highest shoot proliferation (30 shoots/explant) was obtained with 20 μM mT treatment. However, the best quality regenerants were produced in 10 μM mT treatment. Rooting of Amelanchier alnifolia in vitro plantlets was observed at the lowest CK concentrations, with the highest root proliferation (3 roots/explant) in 1 μM mTTHP regenerants. Similar to the organogenic response, high levels of endogenous bioactive CK metabolites (free bases, ribosides, and nucleotides) were detected in mT and mTTHP-derived regenerants. The level of O-glucosides was also comparatively high in these cultures. All CK-treated plants had high levels of endogenous free IAA compared to the control. This may suggest an influence of CKs on biosynthesis of IAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Symphony Way, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Plíhalová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Holub
- Ornamental and Fruit Tree Nursery Jan Holub s.r.o., Hvozdečko 7, 783 25, Bouzov, Czech Republic(1)
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Niehaus EM, Münsterkötter M, Proctor RH, Brown DW, Sharon A, Idan Y, Oren-Young L, Sieber CM, Novák O, Pěnčík A, Tarkowská D, Hromadová K, Freeman S, Maymon M, Elazar M, Youssef SA, El-Shabrawy ESM, Shalaby ABA, Houterman P, Brock NL, Burkhardt I, Tsavkelova EA, Dickschat JS, Galuszka P, Güldener U, Tudzynski B. Comparative "Omics" of the Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex Highlights Differences in Genetic Potential and Metabolite Synthesis. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:3574-3599. [PMID: 28040774 PMCID: PMC5203792 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFC) cause a wide spectrum of often devastating diseases on diverse agricultural crops, including coffee, fig, mango, maize, rice, and sugarcane. Although species within the FFC are difficult to distinguish by morphology, and their genes often share 90% sequence similarity, they can differ in host plant specificity and life style. FFC species can also produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites (SMs), including the mycotoxins fumonisins, fusarins, fusaric acid, and beauvericin, and the phytohormones gibberellins, auxins, and cytokinins. The spectrum of SMs produced can differ among closely related species, suggesting that SMs might be determinants of host specificity. To date, genomes of only a limited number of FFC species have been sequenced. Here, we provide draft genome sequences of three more members of the FFC: a single isolate of F. mangiferae, the cause of mango malformation, and two isolates of F. proliferatum, one a pathogen of maize and the other an orchid endophyte. We compared these genomes to publicly available genome sequences of three other FFC species. The comparisons revealed species-specific and isolate-specific differences in the composition and expression (in vitro and in planta) of genes involved in SM production including those for phytohormome biosynthesis. Such differences have the potential to impact host specificity and, as in the case of F. proliferatum, the pathogenic versus endophytic life style.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Niehaus
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Fungi, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Münsterkötter
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert H Proctor
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Daren W Brown
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Amir Sharon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yifat Idan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Oren-Young
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christian M Sieber
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, University of California, Walnut Creek, Berkeley, California
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Hromadová
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stanley Freeman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Marcel Maymon
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Meirav Elazar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Sahar A Youssef
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Petra Houterman
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Plant Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nelson L Brock
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Germany
| | - Immo Burkhardt
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Germany
| | - Elena A Tsavkelova
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Germany
| | - Petr Galuszka
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ulrich Güldener
- Department of Genome-oriented Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, Freising, Germany
| | - Bettina Tudzynski
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Fungi, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aremu AO, Plačková L, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Auxin-cytokinin interaction and variations in their metabolic products in the regulation of organogenesis in two Eucomis species. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:883-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
40
|
Mellor N, Band LR, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Rashed A, Holman T, Wilson MH, Voß U, Bishopp A, King JR, Ljung K, Bennett MJ, Owen MR. Dynamic regulation of auxin oxidase and conjugating enzymes AtDAO1 and GH3 modulates auxin homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11022-7. [PMID: 27651495 PMCID: PMC5047161 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604458113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, and great progress has been made understanding auxin transport and signaling. Here, we show that auxin metabolism and homeostasis are also regulated in a complex manner. The principal auxin degradation pathways in Arabidopsis include oxidation by Arabidopsis thaliana gene DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION 1/2 (AtDAO1/2) and conjugation by Gretchen Hagen3s (GH3s). Metabolic profiling of dao1-1 root tissues revealed a 50% decrease in the oxidation product 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA) and increases in the conjugated forms indole-3-acetic acid aspartic acid (IAA-Asp) and indole-3-acetic acid glutamic acid (IAA-Glu) of 438- and 240-fold, respectively, whereas auxin remains close to the WT. By fitting parameter values to a mathematical model of these metabolic pathways, we show that, in addition to reduced oxidation, both auxin biosynthesis and conjugation are increased in dao1-1 Transcripts of AtDAO1 and GH3 genes increase in response to auxin over different timescales and concentration ranges. Including this regulation of AtDAO1 and GH3 in an extended model reveals that auxin oxidation is more important for auxin homoeostasis at lower hormone concentrations, whereas auxin conjugation is most significant at high auxin levels. Finally, embedding our homeostasis model in a multicellular simulation to assess the spatial effect of the dao1-1 mutant shows that auxin increases in outer root tissues in agreement with the dao1-1 mutant root hair phenotype. We conclude that auxin homeostasis is dependent on AtDAO1, acting in concert with GH3, to maintain auxin at optimal levels for plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Mellor
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Leah R Band
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden
| | - Afaf Rashed
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Holman
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Wilson
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Voß
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - John R King
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;
| | - Markus R Owen
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Roman H, Girault T, Barbier F, Péron T, Brouard N, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Vian A, Sakr S, Lothier J, Le Gourrierec J, Leduc N. Cytokinins Are Initial Targets of Light in the Control of Bud Outgrowth. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:489-509. [PMID: 27462085 PMCID: PMC5074613 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bud outgrowth is controlled by environmental and endogenous factors. Through the use of the photosynthesis inhibitor norflurazon and of masking experiments, evidence is given here that light acts mainly as a morphogenic signal in the triggering of bud outgrowth and that initial steps in the light signaling pathway involve cytokinins (CKs). Indeed, in rose (Rosa hybrida), inhibition of bud outgrowth by darkness is suppressed solely by the application of CKs. In contrast, application of sugars has a limited effect. Exposure of plants to white light (WL) induces a rapid (after 3-6 h of WL exposure) up-regulation of CK synthesis (RhIPT3 and RhIPT5), of CK activation (RhLOG8), and of CK putative transporter RhPUP5 genes and to the repression of the CK degradation RhCKX1 gene in the node. This leads to the accumulation of CKs in the node within 6 h and in the bud at 24 h and to the triggering of bud outgrowth. Molecular analysis of genes involved in major mechanisms of bud outgrowth (strigolactone signaling [RwMAX2], metabolism and transport of auxin [RhPIN1, RhYUC1, and RhTAR1], regulation of sugar sink strength [RhVI, RhSUSY, RhSUC2, and RhSWEET10], and cell division and expansion [RhEXP and RhPCNA]) reveal that, when supplied in darkness, CKs up-regulate their expression as rapidly and as intensely as WL Additionally, up-regulation of CKs by WL promotes xylem flux toward the bud, as evidenced by Methylene Blue accumulation in the bud after CK treatment in the dark. Altogether, these results suggest that CKs are initial components of the light signaling pathway that controls the initiation of bud outgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaé Roman
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| | - Tiffanie Girault
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| | - François Barbier
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| | - Thomas Péron
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| | - Nathalie Brouard
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| | - Alain Vian
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| | - Jérémy Lothier
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| | - José Le Gourrierec
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| | - Nathalie Leduc
- IRHS (Research Institute on Horticulture and Seeds), Université d'Angers, Agrocampus-Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France (H.R., T.G., F.B., T.P., N.B., A.V., S.S., J.L., J.L.G., N.L.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic (A.P., O.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Novák O, Pěnčík A, Blahoušek O, Ljung K. Quantitative Auxin Metabolite Profiling Using Stable Isotope Dilution UHPLC-MS/MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:419-430. [DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Faculty of Science, Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Umeå Sweden
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Umeå Sweden
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Ota Blahoušek
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Faculty of Science, Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Umeå Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Šimura J, Spíchal L, Adamec L, Pěnčík A, Rolčík J, Novák O, Strnad M. Cytokinin, auxin and physiological polarity in the aquatic carnivorous plants Aldrovanda vesiculosa and Utricularia australis. Ann Bot 2016; 117:1037-44. [PMID: 27098087 PMCID: PMC4866309 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The typical rootless linear shoots of aquatic carnivorous plants exhibit clear, steep polarity associated with very rapid apical shoot growth. The aim of this study was to determine how auxin and cytokinin contents are related to polarity and shoot growth in such plants. METHODS The main auxin and cytokinin metabolites in separated shoot segments and turions of two carnivorous plants, Aldrovanda vesiculosa and Utricularia australis, were analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quad mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS In both species, only isoprenoid cytokinins were identified. Zeatin cytokinins predominated in the apical parts, with their concentrations decreasing basipetally, and the trans isomer predominated in A. vesiculosa whereas the cis form was more abundant in U australis. Isopentenyladenine-type cytokinins, in contrast, increased basipetally. Conjugated cytokinin metabolites, the O-glucosides, were present at high concentrations in A. vesiculosa but only in minute amounts in U. australis. N(9)-glucoside forms were detected only in U. australis, with isopentenyladenine-9-glucoside (iP9G) being most abundant. In addition to free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-acetamide (IAM), IAA-aspartate (IAAsp), IAA-glutamate (IAGlu) and IAA-glycine (IAGly) conjugates were identified. CONCLUSIONS Both species show common trends in auxin and cytokinin levels, the apical localization of the cytokinin biosynthesis and basipetal change in the ratio of active cytokinins to auxin, in favour of auxin. However, our detailed study of cytokinin metabolic profiles also revealed that both species developed different regulatory mechanisms of active cytokinin content; on the level of their degradation, in U. australis, or in the biosynthesis itself, in the case of A. vesiculosa Results indicate that the rapid turnover of these signalling molecules along the shoots is essential for maintaining the dynamic balance between the rapid polar growth and development of the apical parts and senescence of the older, basal parts of the shoots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šimura
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Adamec
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Section of Plant Ecology, Dukelská 135, CZ-37982 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rolčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Leljak-Levanić D, Mrvková M, Turečková V, Pěnčík A, Rolčík J, Strnad M, Mihaljević S. Hormonal and epigenetic regulation during embryogenic tissue habituation in Cucurbita pepo L. Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:77-89. [PMID: 26403461 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Habituated embryogenic line of pumpkin contained more CKs and IAA, but less ABA than the non-habituated line. Pronounced hypomethylation correlated with the absence of 2,4-D, addition of 5-azaC, and the process of habituation. A comparative analysis between habituated and non-habituated embryogenic cultures of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) in relation to endogenous phytohormones, global DNA methylation, and developmental and regeneration capacities of the cultures was conducted. The analysis revealed more cytokinins (CKs) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), but less abscisic acid (ABA) in the habituated HEC line than in the non-habituated DEC line. Ribosides and ribotides were the most abundant CK forms in both HEC and DEC lines (75.9 and 57.6 %, respectively). HEC contained more free-base CKs (5.8 vs. 3.2 %), whereas DEC contained considerably more O-glycosides (39.1 vs. 18.3 %). Although prevalence of IAA was common for both lines, relative ratio of CKs and ABA differed between DEC and HEC lines. ABA was prevailing over CKs in DEC, while CKs prevailed over ABA in HEC line. Taking into account the importance of ABA for embryo maturation, the reduced endogenous ABA content in HEC line might be the reason for a 5-fold reduction in regeneration capacity compared to DEC. Both habituated and non-habituated embryogenic lines were highly methylated in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Pronounced hypomethylation correlated with the absence of 2,4-D, addition of 5-azacytidine (5-azaC), but also with the process of habituation. The habituated line was resistant to the effect of hypomethylation drug 5-azaC and remained highly methylated even after the addition of 5-azaC. Also, 5-azaC did not change the developmental pattern in the habituated line, indicating the existence of separate mechanisms by which 2,4-D influences global DNA methylation in comparison to habituation-related global DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Leljak-Levanić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Mrvková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rolčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Aremu AO, Stirk WA, Masondo NA, Plačková L, Novák O, Pěnčík A, Zatloukal M, Nisler J, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Dissecting the role of two cytokinin analogues (INCYDE and PI-55) on in vitro organogenesis, phytohormone accumulation, phytochemical content and antioxidant activity. Plant Sci 2015; 238:81-94. [PMID: 26259177 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a continuous search for new chemical entities to expand the collection of suitable compounds to increase the efficiency of micropropagation protocols. Two cytokinin (CK) analogues, 2-chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminopurine (INCYDE) and CK antagonist 6-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylamino)purine (PI-55) were used as a tool to elucidate the auxin-CK crosstalk under in vitro conditions in the medicinally important plant, Eucomis autumnalis subspecies autumnalis. These compounds were tested at 0.01, 0.1 and 10 μM alone as well as in combination with benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The organogenesis, phytohormone content, phytochemical and antioxidant response in 10 week-old-in vitro regenerated E. autumnalis subspecies autumnalis was evaluated. INCYDE generally favoured shoot regeneration while the effect of PI-55 was more evident in root proliferation. Overall, INCYDE promoted the accumulation of higher concentrations and varieties of endogenous CK relative to the PI-55 treatments. In contrast, higher concentration of indole-3-acetic acid and 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid were generally observed in PI-55-supplemented cultures when compared to plantlets derived from INCYDE. Both CK analogues (individually and in-conjunction with exogenously applied PGRs) significantly influenced the phytochemicals and consequently the antioxidant potential of the in vitro regenerants. These results provided insight on how to alleviate root inhibition, a problem which causes considerable loss of several elite species during micropropagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Stirk
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Nqobile A Masondo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Zatloukal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Nisler
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jeffrey F Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aremu AO, Masondo NA, Rengasamy KRR, Amoo SO, Gruz J, Bíba O, Šubrtová M, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Physiological role of phenolic biostimulants isolated from brown seaweed Ecklonia maxima on plant growth and development. Planta 2015; 241:1313-24. [PMID: 25672504 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Eckol, a major phenolic compound isolated from brown seaweed significantly enhanced the bulb size and bioactive compounds in greenhouse-grown Eucomis autumnalis. We investigated the effect of eckol and phloroglucinol (PG) (phenolic compounds) isolated from the brown seaweed, Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss on the growth, phytochemical and auxin content in Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt. The model plant is a popular medicinal species with increasing conservation concern. Eckol and PG were tested at 10(-5), 10(-6) and 10(-7) M using soil drench applications. After 4 months, growth parameters, phytochemical and auxin content were recorded. When compared to the control, eckol (10(-6) M) significantly improved bulb size, fresh weight and root production while the application of PG (10(-6) M) significantly increased the bulb numbers. However, both compounds had no significant stimulatory effect on aerial organs. Bioactive phytochemicals such as p-hydroxybenzoic and ferulic acids were significantly increased in eckol (10(-5) M) and PG (10(-6) M) treatments, compared to the control. Aerial (1,357 pmol/g DW) and underground (1,474 pmol/g DW) parts of eckol-treated (10(-5) M) plants yielded the highest concentration of indole-3-acetic acid. Overall, eckol and PG elicited a significant influence on the growth and physiological response in E. autumnalis. Considering the medicinal importance of E. autumnalis and the increasing strains on its wild populations, these compounds are potential tools to enhance their cultivation and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Humplík JF, Bergougnoux V, Jandová M, Šimura J, Pěnčík A, Tomanec O, Rolčík J, Novák O, Fellner M. Endogenous abscisic acid promotes hypocotyl growth and affects endoreduplication during dark-induced growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117793. [PMID: 25695830 PMCID: PMC4334974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark-induced growth (skotomorphogenesis) is primarily characterized by rapid elongation of the hypocotyl. We have studied the role of abscisic acid (ABA) during the development of young tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings. We observed that ABA deficiency caused a reduction in hypocotyl growth at the level of cell elongation and that the growth in ABA-deficient plants could be improved by treatment with exogenous ABA, through which the plants show a concentration dependent response. In addition, ABA accumulated in dark-grown tomato seedlings that grew rapidly, whereas seedlings grown under blue light exhibited low growth rates and accumulated less ABA. We demonstrated that ABA promotes DNA endoreduplication by enhancing the expression of the genes encoding inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases SlKRP1 and SlKRP3 and by reducing cytokinin levels. These data were supported by the expression analysis of the genes which encode enzymes involved in ABA and CK metabolism. Our results show that ABA is essential for the process of hypocotyl elongation and that appropriate control of the endogenous level of ABA is required in order to drive the growth of etiolated seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Humplík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Véronique Bergougnoux
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Jandová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šimura
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Tomanec
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rolčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Fellner
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Maharjan PM, Dilkes BP, Fujioka S, Pěnčík A, Ljung K, Burow M, Halkier BA, Choe S. Arabidopsis gulliver1/SUPERROOT2-7 identifies a metabolic basis for auxin and brassinosteroid synergy. Plant J 2014; 80:797-808. [PMID: 25256367 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone homeostasis is essential for proper growth and development of plants. To understand the growth mechanisms mediated by hormonal levels, we isolated a gulliver1 (gul1) mutant that had tall stature in the presence of both brassinazole and the light. The gul1 phenotype depended on functional BR biosynthesis; the genetic introduction of dwarf4, a BR biosynthetic mutation, masked the long hypocotyl phenotype of gul1. Furthermore, BR biosynthesis was dramatically enhanced, such that the level of 22-hydroxy campesterol was 5.8-fold greater in gul1. Molecular cloning revealed that gul1 was a missense mutation, resulting in a glycine to arginine change at amino acid 116 in SUPERROOT2 (CYP83B1), which converts indole acetaldoxime to an S-alkyl thiohydroximate adduct in the indole glucosinolate pathway. Auxin metabolite profiling coupled with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of auxin biosynthetic genes revealed that gul1/sur2-7 activated multiple alternative branches of tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of gul1/sur2-7 with BRs caused adventitious roots from hypocotyls, indicative of an increased response to BRs relative to wild-type. Different from severe alleles of sur2, gul1/sur2-7 lacked 'high-auxin' phenotypes that include stunted growth and callus-like disintegration of hypocotyl tissues. The auxin level in gul1/sur2-7 was only 1.6-fold greater than in the wild-type, whereas it was 4.2-fold in a severe allele like sur2-8. Differences in auxin content may account for the range of phenotypes observed among the sur2 alleles. This unusual allele provides long-sought evidence for a synergistic interaction between auxin and BRs in promoting growth in Arabidopsis at the level of their biosynthetic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puna M Maharjan
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li R, Li J, Li S, Qin G, Novák O, Pěnčík A, Ljung K, Aoyama T, Liu J, Murphy A, Gu H, Tsuge T, Qu LJ. ADP1 affects plant architecture by regulating local auxin biosynthesis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1003954. [PMID: 24391508 PMCID: PMC3879159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture is one of the key factors that affect plant survival and productivity. Plant body structure is established through the iterative initiation and outgrowth of lateral organs, which are derived from the shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem, after embryogenesis. Here we report that ADP1, a putative MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) transporter, plays an essential role in regulating lateral organ outgrowth, and thus in maintaining normal architecture of Arabidopsis. Elevated expression levels of ADP1 resulted in accelerated plant growth rate, and increased the numbers of axillary branches and flowers. Our molecular and genetic evidence demonstrated that the phenotypes of plants over-expressing ADP1 were caused by reduction of local auxin levels in the meristematic regions. We further discovered that this reduction was probably due to decreased levels of auxin biosynthesis in the local meristematic regions based on the measured reduction in IAA levels and the gene expression data. Simultaneous inactivation of ADP1 and its three closest homologs led to growth retardation, relative reduction of lateral organ number and slightly elevated auxin level. Our results indicated that ADP1-mediated regulation of the local auxin level in meristematic regions is an essential determinant for plant architecture maintenance by restraining the outgrowth of lateral organs. Plant architecture is one of the key factors that affect plant survival and productivity. It is well established that the plant hormone auxin plays an essential role in organ initiation and pattern formation, thus affecting plant architecture. We found that a putative MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) transporter, ADP1, which was expressed in the meristematic regions, through regulating the level of auxin biosynthesis, controls lateral organ outgrowth so as to maintain normal architecture in Arabidopsis. The more ADP1 was expressed, the less levels of local auxin were detected in the meristematic regions of the plant, resulting in increased growth rate and a greater number of axillary branches and flowers. The reduction of auxin levels is probably due to decreased level of auxin biosynthesis in the local meristematic regions. Down-regulated expression of ADP1 and its three closely related genes caused plants to grow slower and to produce less lateral organs. Our results indicated that ADP1-mediated regulation of the local auxin levels in meristematic regions is an essential determinant for plant architecture by restraining the outgrowth of lateral organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 21, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Takashi Aoyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Angus Murphy
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tomohiko Tsuge
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (TT); (LJQ)
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TT); (LJQ)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pěnčík A, Simonovik B, Petersson SV, Henyková E, Simon S, Greenham K, Zhang Y, Kowalczyk M, Estelle M, Zažímalová E, Novák O, Sandberg G, Ljung K. Regulation of auxin homeostasis and gradients in Arabidopsis roots through the formation of the indole-3-acetic acid catabolite 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid. Plant Cell 2013; 25:3858-70. [PMID: 24163311 PMCID: PMC3877806 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The native auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is a major regulator of plant growth and development. Its nonuniform distribution between cells and tissues underlies the spatiotemporal coordination of many developmental events and responses to environmental stimuli. The regulation of auxin gradients and the formation of auxin maxima/minima most likely involve the regulation of both metabolic and transport processes. In this article, we have demonstrated that 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA) is a major primary IAA catabolite formed in Arabidopsis thaliana root tissues. OxIAA had little biological activity and was formed rapidly and irreversibly in response to increases in auxin levels. We further showed that there is cell type-specific regulation of oxIAA levels in the Arabidopsis root apex. We propose that oxIAA is an important element in the regulation of output from auxin gradients and, therefore, in the regulation of auxin homeostasis and response mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Pěnčík
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umea, Sweden
| | - Biljana Simonovik
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umea, Sweden
| | - Sara V. Petersson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umea, Sweden
| | - Eva Henyková
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umea, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sibu Simon
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kathleen Greenham
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Yi Zhang
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umea, Sweden
| | - Mark Estelle
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Eva Zažímalová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umea, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Göran Sandberg
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umea, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umea, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|