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Abeywardena SBY, Yue Z, Wallace GG, Innis PC. Electrofluidic control for textile-based cell culture: Identification of appropriate conditions required to integrate cell culture with electrofluidics. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:1182-1197. [PMID: 38837242 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Electric field-driven microfluidics, known as electrofluidics, is a novel attractive analytical tool when it is integrated with low-cost textile substrate. Textile-based electrofluidics, primarily explored on yarn substrates, is in its early stages, with few studies on 3D structures. Further, textile structures have rarely been used in cellular analysis as a low-cost alternative. Herein, we investigated novel 3D textile structures and develop optimal electrophoretic designs and conditions that are favourable for direct 3D cell culture integration, developing an integrated cell culture textile-based electrofluidic platform that was optimised to balance electrokinetic performance and cell viability requirements. Significantly, there were contrasting electrolyte compositional conditions that were required to satisfy cell viability and electrophoretic mobility requiring the development of and electrolyte that satisfied the minimum requirements of both these components within the one platform. Human dermal fibroblast cell cultures were successfully integrated with gelatine methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel-coated electrofluidic platform and studied under different electric fields using 5 mM TRIS/HEPES/300 mM glucose. Higher analyte mobility was observed on 2.5% GelMA-coated textile which also facilitated excellent cell attachment, viability and proliferation. Cell viability also increased by decreasing the magnitude and time duration of applied electric field with good cell viability at field of up to 20 V cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujani B Y Abeywardena
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhilian Yue
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter C Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Tavakolidakhrabadi A, Stark M, Bacher U, Legros M, Bessire C. Optimization of Microfluidics for Point-of-Care Blood Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:266. [PMID: 38920570 PMCID: PMC11201653 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Blood tests are widely used in modern medicine to diagnose certain illnesses and evaluate the overall health of a patient. To enable testing in resource-limited areas, there has been increasing interest in point-of-care (PoC) testing devices. To process blood samples, liquid mixing with active pumps is usually required, making PoC blood testing expensive and bulky. We explored the possibility of processing approximately 2 μL of whole blood for image flow cytometry using capillary structures that allowed test times of a few minutes without active pumps. Capillary pump structures with five different pillar shapes were simulated using Ansys Fluent to determine which resulted in the fastest whole blood uptake. The simulation results showed a strong influence of the capillary pump pillar shape on the chip filling time. Long and thin structures with a high aspect ratio exhibited faster filling times. Microfluidic chips using the simulated pump design with the most efficient blood uptake were fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO). The chip filling times were tested with 2 μL of both water and whole blood, resulting in uptake times of 24 s for water and 111 s for blood. The simulated blood plasma results deviated from the experimental filling times by about 35% without accounting for any cell-induced effects. By comparing the flow speed induced by different pump pillar geometries, this study offers insights for the design and optimization of passive microfluidic devices for inhomogenous liquids such as whole blood in sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmahdi Tavakolidakhrabadi
- Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Quellgasse 21, 2501 Biel, Switzerland; (A.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Matt Stark
- Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Quellgasse 21, 2501 Biel, Switzerland; (A.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Ulrike Bacher
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (U.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Myriam Legros
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (U.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Cedric Bessire
- Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Quellgasse 21, 2501 Biel, Switzerland; (A.T.); (M.S.)
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3
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Pan X, Yao H, Zhang S, Zhang X. Recent progress in mass spectrometry for single-cell metabolomics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102226. [PMID: 36347197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites are the end products of cellular vital activities and can reflect the state of cellular to a certain extent. Rapid change of metabolites and the low abundance of signature metabolites cause difficulties in single-cell detection, which is a great challenge in single-cell metabolomics analysis. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool that uniquely suited to detect intracellular small-molecule metabolites and has shown good application in single-cell metabolite analysis. In this mini-review, we describe three types of emerging technologies for MS-based single-cell metabolic analysis in recent years, including nano-ESI-MS based single-cell metabolomics analysis, high-throughput analysis via flow cytometry, and cellular metabolic imaging analysis. These techniques provide a large amount of single-cell metabolic data, allowing the potential of MS in single-cell metabolic analysis is gradually being explored and is of great importance in disease and life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science; National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Metabolomics and modelling approaches for systems metabolic engineering. Metab Eng Commun 2022; 15:e00209. [PMID: 36281261 PMCID: PMC9587336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering involves the manipulation of microbes to produce desirable compounds through genetic engineering or synthetic biology approaches. Metabolomics involves the quantitation of intracellular and extracellular metabolites, where mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance based analytical instrumentation are often used. Here, the experimental designs, sample preparations, metabolite quenching and extraction are essential to the quantitative metabolomics workflow. The resultant metabolomics data can then be used with computational modelling approaches, such as kinetic and constraint-based modelling, to better understand underlying mechanisms and bottlenecks in the synthesis of desired compounds, thereby accelerating research through systems metabolic engineering. Constraint-based models, such as genome scale models, have been used successfully to enhance the yield of desired compounds from engineered microbes, however, unlike kinetic or dynamic models, constraint-based models do not incorporate regulatory effects. Nevertheless, the lack of time-series metabolomic data generation has hindered the usefulness of dynamic models till today. In this review, we show that improvements in automation, dynamic real-time analysis and high throughput workflows can drive the generation of more quality data for dynamic models through time-series metabolomics data generation. Spatial metabolomics also has the potential to be used as a complementary approach to conventional metabolomics, as it provides information on the localization of metabolites. However, more effort must be undertaken to identify metabolites from spatial metabolomics data derived through imaging mass spectrometry, where machine learning approaches could prove useful. On the other hand, single-cell metabolomics has also seen rapid growth, where understanding cell-cell heterogeneity can provide more insights into efficient metabolic engineering of microbes. Moving forward, with potential improvements in automation, dynamic real-time analysis, high throughput workflows, and spatial metabolomics, more data can be produced and studied using machine learning algorithms, in conjunction with dynamic models, to generate qualitative and quantitative predictions to advance metabolic engineering efforts.
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5
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Tsuyama Y, Morikawa K, Mawatari K. Nanochannel chromatography and photothermal optical diffraction: Femtoliter sample separation and label-free zeptomole detection. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ragab MAA, El-Kimary EI. Recent Advances and Applications of Microfluidic Capillary Electrophoresis: A Comprehensive Review (2017-Mid 2019). Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:709-741. [PMID: 32447968 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1765729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic capillary electrophoresis (MCE) is the novel technique resulted from the CE mininaturization as planar separation and analysis device. This review presents and discusses various application fields of this advanced technology published in the period 2017 till mid-2019 in eight different sections including clinical, biological, single cell analysis, environmental, pharmaceuticals, food analysis, forensic and ion analysis. The need for miniaturization of CE and the consequence advantages achieved are also discussed including high-throughput, miniaturized detection, effective separation, portability and the need for micro- or even nano-volume of samples. Comprehensive tables for the MCE applications in the different studied fields are provided. Also, figure comparing the number of the published papers applying MCE in the eight discussed fields within the studied period is included. The future investigation should put into consideration the possibility of replacing conventional CE with the MCE after proper validation. Suitable validation parameters with their suitable accepted ranges should be tailored for analysis methods utilizing such unique technique (MCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A A Ragab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman I El-Kimary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, Egypt
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7
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Liu L, Chen D, Wang J, Chen J. Advances of Single-Cell Protein Analysis. Cells 2020; 9:E1271. [PMID: 32443882 PMCID: PMC7290353 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins play a significant role in the key activities of cells. Single-cell protein analysis provides crucial insights in studying cellular heterogeneities. However, the low abundance and enormous complexity of the proteome posit challenges in analyzing protein expressions at the single-cell level. This review summarizes recent advances of various approaches to single-cell protein analysis. We begin by discussing conventional characterization approaches, including fluorescence flow cytometry, mass cytometry, enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and capillary electrophoresis. We then detail the landmark advances of microfluidic approaches for analyzing single-cell protein expressions, including microfluidic fluorescent flow cytometry, droplet-based microfluidics, microwell-based assay (microengraving), microchamber-based assay (barcoding microchips), and single-cell Western blotting, among which the advantages and limitations are compared. Looking forward, we discuss future research opportunities and challenges for multiplexity, analyte, throughput, and sensitivity of the microfluidic approaches, which we believe will prompt the research of single-cell proteins such as the molecular mechanism of cell biology, as well as the clinical applications for tumor treatment and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (L.L.); (D.C.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (L.L.); (D.C.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (L.L.); (D.C.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (L.L.); (D.C.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Microchannel Fabrication in Fused Quartz by Backside Laser-Induced Plasma Ablation Using 248 nm KrF Excimer Laser. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced plasma ablation (LIPA) using a 248 nm KrF excimer laser was investigated for microchannel fabrication. Examination of the morphology in relation to ablation performance was emphasized, and a synthetic LIPA mechanism model was proposed based on the results. Backside LIPA with a metal target on the bottom can be attributed to a combination of two phenomena: laser-induced plasma vaporization thermal ablation from the metal target below and enhanced laser–glass direct interaction from the plasma residuum. The laser absorption enhancement of quartz substrate resulting from the metal residuum was validated clearly using absorption spectrum measurements. The influence of laser parameters on the etching quality during LIPA was also analyzed for processing optimization. Finally, fused quartz glass microchannels of outstanding surface quality and dimension uniformity were implemented. The channel depth was 28 μm, and the bottom surface roughness was better than several hundred nanometers.
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9
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Lussier F, Missirlis D, Spatz JP, Masson JF. Machine-Learning-Driven Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Optophysiology Reveals Multiplexed Metabolite Gradients Near Cells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1403-1411. [PMID: 30724079 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular environment is a complex medium in which cells secrete and consume metabolites. Molecular gradients are thereby created near cells, triggering various biological and physiological responses. However, investigating these molecular gradients remains challenging because the current tools are ill-suited and provide poor temporal and special resolution while also being destructive. Herein, we report the development and application of a machine learning approach in combination with a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanoprobe to measure simultaneously the gradients of at least eight metabolites in vitro near different cell lines. We found significant increase in the secretion or consumption of lactate, glucose, ATP, glutamine, and urea within 20 μm from the cells surface compared to the bulk. We also observed that cancerous cells (HeLa) compared to fibroblasts (REF52) have a greater glycolytic rate, as is expected for this phenotype. Endothelial (HUVEC) and HeLa cells exhibited significant increase in extracellular ATP compared to the control, shining light on the implication of extracellular ATP within the cancer local environment. Machine-learning-driven SERS optophysiology is generally applicable to metabolites involved in cellular processes, providing a general platform on which to study cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Lussier
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , Case Postale 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3J7
| | - Dimitris Missirlis
- Department of Cellular Biophysics , Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry , University of Heidelberg , INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics , Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry , University of Heidelberg , INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jean-François Masson
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , Case Postale 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3J7
- Centre Québécois des Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF) , Canada
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10
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DeLaney K, Sauer CS, Vu NQ, Li L. Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for Single Cell "Omics". Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010042. [PMID: 30583525 PMCID: PMC6337428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate clinical therapeutics rely on understanding the metabolic responses of individual cells. However, the high level of heterogeneity between cells means that simply sampling from large populations of cells is not necessarily a reliable approximation of an individual cell's response. As a result, there have been numerous developments in the field of single-cell analysis to address this lack of knowledge. Many of these developments have focused on the coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE), a separation technique with low sample consumption and high resolving power, and mass spectrometry (MS), a sensitive detection method for interrogating all ions in a sample in a single analysis. In recent years, there have been many notable advancements at each step of the single-cell CE-MS analysis workflow, including sampling, manipulation, separation, and MS analysis. In each of these areas, the combined improvements in analytical instrumentation and achievements of numerous researchers have served to drive the field forward to new frontiers. Consequently, notable biological discoveries have been made possible by the implementation of these methods. Although there is still room in the field for numerous further advances, researchers have effectively minimized various limitations in detection of analytes, and it is expected that there will be many more developments in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Christopher S Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Nhu Q Vu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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11
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Wu H, Zhu J, Huang Y, Wu D, Sun J. Microfluidic-Based Single-Cell Study: Current Status and Future Perspective. Molecules 2018; 23:E2347. [PMID: 30217082 PMCID: PMC6225124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of cell behavior under different environments and manual operations can give information in specific cellular processes. Among all cell-based analysis, single-cell study occupies a peculiar position, while it can avoid the interaction effect within cell groups and provide more precise information. Microfluidic devices have played an increasingly important role in the field of single-cell study owing to their advantages: high efficiency, easy operation, and low cost. In this review, the applications of polymer-based microfluidics on cell manipulation, cell treatment, and cell analysis at single-cell level are detailed summarized. Moreover, three mainly types of manufacturing methods, i.e., replication, photodefining, and soft lithography methods for polymer-based microfluidics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwa Wu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yao Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Daming Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jingyao Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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12
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Xu J, Chen S, Wang D, Jiang Y, Hao M, Du G, Ba D, Lin Q, Mei Q, Ning Y, Su D, Liu K. A Microfluidic Chip with Double-Slit Arrays for Enhanced Capture of Single Cells. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9040157. [PMID: 30424091 PMCID: PMC6187229 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of microfluidic technology to manipulate cells or biological particles is becoming one of the rapidly growing areas, and various microarray trapping devices have recently been designed for high throughput single-cell analysis and manipulation. In this paper, we design a double-slit microfluidic chip for hydrodynamic cell trapping at the single-cell level, which maintains a high capture ability. The geometric effects on flow behaviour are investigated in detail for optimizing chip architecture, including the flow velocity, the fluid pressure, and the equivalent stress of cells. Based on the geometrical parameters optimized, the double-slit chip enhances the capture of HeLa cells and the drug experiment verifies the feasibility of the drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Shulei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Dongyang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Yue Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Guangyu Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Dechun Ba
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yingchao Ning
- Shenyang Aeroengine Research Institute, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Shenyang 110015, China.
| | - Da Su
- China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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13
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Shi M, Huang Y, Zhao J, Li S, Liu R, Zhao S. Quantification of glutathione in single cells from rat liver by microchip electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. Talanta 2017; 179:466-471. [PMID: 29310261 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a major endogenous antioxidant that has a central role in cellular defense against toxins and free radicals. Rapid and accurate detection of GSH content in single cells is important to the early diagnosis of disease and biomedical research. In this work, a novel method based on microchip electrophoresis chemiluminescence (MCE-CL) detection was developed for the quantification of glutathione (GSH) in single cells from rat liver. The detection of GSH is based on the strong sensitization of mercapto compound to luminol-H2O2CL system. The injection, localization, and membrane dissolution of single cell were simply and rapidly carried out on the microchip by direct electric field force, which did not require any additional membrane dissolution reagent. Under optimized experimental conditions, single cell assay was achieved within 2min. The peak area of the GSH was taken as quantification of GSH, and a good linear relationship of GSH concentration to peak area in the range of 3.0 × 10-6M to 6.0 × 10-4M was obtained. The detection limit for GSH is 9.6 × 10-7M, calculated by S/N = 3. The measured GSH content in single cells from rat liver (n = 10) ranged from 7.8fmol to 13.fmol with a mean value of 10.8fmol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guilin Normal College, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Jingjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shuting Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Rongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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14
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Wang H, Chen B, He M, Hu B. A Facile Droplet-Chip-Time-Resolved Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Online System for Determination of Zinc in Single Cell. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4931-4938. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Man He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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15
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Comi TJ, Do TD, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Categorizing Cells on the Basis of their Chemical Profiles: Progress in Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3920-3929. [PMID: 28135079 PMCID: PMC5364434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chemical differences between individual cells within large cellular populations provide unique information on organisms' homeostasis and the development of diseased states. Even genetically identical cell lineages diverge due to local microenvironments and stochastic processes. The minute sample volumes and low abundance of some constituents in cells hinder our understanding of cellular heterogeneity. Although amplification methods facilitate single-cell genomics and transcriptomics, the characterization of metabolites and proteins remains challenging both because of the lack of effective amplification approaches and the wide diversity in cellular constituents. Mass spectrometry has become an enabling technology for the investigation of individual cellular metabolite profiles with its exquisite sensitivity, large dynamic range, and ability to characterize hundreds to thousands of compounds. While advances in instrumentation have improved figures of merit, acquiring measurements at high throughput and sampling from large populations of cells are still not routine. In this Perspective, we highlight the current trends and progress in mass-spectrometry-based analysis of single cells, with a focus on the technologies that will enable the next generation of single-cell measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy J. Comi
- Department of Chemistry and
the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thanh D. Do
- Department of Chemistry and
the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and
the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and
the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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16
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Simulating the Manipulation of Various Biological Micro/Nanoparticles by Considering a Crowned Roller Geometry. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-016-2150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Li Q, Chen P, Fan Y, Wang X, Xu K, Li L, Tang B. Multicolor Fluorescence Detection-Based Microfluidic Device for Single-Cell Metabolomics: Simultaneous Quantitation of Multiple Small Molecules in Primary Liver Cells. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8610-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Peilin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong,
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education,
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
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18
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A review on recent developments for biomolecule separation at analytical scale using microfluidic devices. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 906:7-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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Cahill JF, Darlington TK, Fitzgerald C, Schoepp NG, Beld J, Burkart MD, Prather KA. Online Analysis of Single Cyanobacteria and Algae Cells under Nitrogen-Limited Conditions Using Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8039-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cahill
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | | | - Nathan G. Schoepp
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joris Beld
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael D. Burkart
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Prather
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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20
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Fabrication of a cell-adhesive microwell array for 3-dimensional in vitro cell model. Biomed Eng Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-015-0183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Song Y, Sonnenberg A, Heaney Y, Heller MJ. Device for dielectrophoretic separation and collection of nanoparticles and DNA under high conductance conditions. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1107-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Avery Sonnenberg
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Yvonne Heaney
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Michael J. Heller
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
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22
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Mavrogiannis N, Desmond M, Gagnon ZR. Fluidic dielectrophoresis: The polarization and displacement of electrical liquid interfaces. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1386-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mavrogiannis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University Baltimore; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Mitchell Desmond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University Baltimore; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Zachary R. Gagnon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University Baltimore; Baltimore MD USA
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23
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Liu JX, Aerts JT, Rubakhin SS, Zhang XX, Sweedler JV. Analysis of endogenous nucleotides by single cell capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2014; 139:5835-42. [PMID: 25212237 PMCID: PMC4329915 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Analytical technologies that enable investigations at the single cell level facilitate a range of studies; here a lab-fabricated capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) platform was used to analyze anionic metabolites from individual Aplysia californica neurons. The system employs a customized coaxial sheath-flow nanospray interface connected to a separation capillary, with the sheath liquid and separation buffer optimized to ensure a stable spray. The method provided good repeatability of separation and reliable detection sensitivity for 16 mono-, di- and triphosphate nucleosides. For a range of anionic analytes, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the detection limits were in the low nanomolar range (<22 nM). A large Aplysia R2 neuron was used to demonstrate the ability of CE-ESI-MS to quantitatively characterize anionic metabolites within individual cells, with 15 nucleotides and derivatives detected. Following the method validation process, we probed smaller, 60 μm diameter Aplysia sensory neurons where sample stacking was used as a simple on-line analyte preconcentration approach. The calculated energy balance ([ATP] + 0.5 × [ADP])/([AMP] + [ADP] + [ATP]) of these cells was comparable with the value obtained from bulk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois,USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jordan T. Aerts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois,USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois,USA
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois,USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois,USA
| | - Xin-Xiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois,USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois,USA
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24
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Kelly RT, Wang C, Rausch SJ, Lee CS, Tang K. Pneumatic microvalve-based hydrodynamic sample injection for high-throughput, quantitative zone electrophoresis in capillaries. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6723-9. [PMID: 24865952 PMCID: PMC4082392 DOI: 10.1021/ac501910p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid microchip/capillary electrophoresis (CE) system was developed to allow unbiased and lossless sample loading and high-throughput repeated injections. This new hybrid CE system consists of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip sample injector featuring a pneumatic microvalve that separates a sample introduction channel from a short sample loading channel, and a fused-silica capillary separation column that connects seamlessly to the sample loading channel. The sample introduction channel is pressurized such that when the pneumatic microvalve opens briefly, a variable-volume sample plug is introduced into the loading channel. A high voltage for CE separation is continuously applied across the loading channel and the fused-silica capillary separation column. Analytes are rapidly separated in the fused-silica capillary, and following separation, high-sensitivity MS detection is accomplished via a sheathless CE/ESI-MS interface. The performance evaluation of the complete CE/ESI-MS platform demonstrated that reproducible sample injection with well controlled sample plug volumes could be achieved by using the PDMS microchip injector. The absence of band broadening from microchip to capillary indicated a minimum dead volume at the junction. The capabilities of the new CE/ESI-MS platform in performing high-throughput and quantitative sample analyses were demonstrated by the repeated sample injection without interrupting an ongoing separation and a linear dependence of the total analyte ion abundance on the sample plug volume using a mixture of peptide standards. The separation efficiency of the new platform was also evaluated systematically at different sample injection times, flow rates, and CE separation voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and §Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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25
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Schrems A, Phillips J, Casey D, Wylie D, Novakova M, Sleytr UB, Klug D, Neil MAA, Schuster B, Ces O. The grab-and-drop protocol: a novel strategy for membrane protein isolation and reconstitution from single cells. Analyst 2014; 139:3296-304. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00059e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Samples of cell membrane were non-destructively removed from individual, live cells using optically trapped beads, and deposited into a supported lipid bilayer mounted on an S-layer protein-coated substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Schrems
- Department of Nanobiotechnology
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- Vienna, 1190 Austria
| | - John Phillips
- The Proxomics Group
- Institute of Chemical Biology
- Imperial College London
- London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Duncan Casey
- The Proxomics Group
- Institute of Chemical Biology
- Imperial College London
- London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Douglas Wylie
- The Proxomics Group
- Institute of Chemical Biology
- Imperial College London
- London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Mira Novakova
- The Proxomics Group
- Institute of Chemical Biology
- Imperial College London
- London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Uwe B. Sleytr
- Department of Nanobiotechnology
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- Vienna, 1190 Austria
| | - David Klug
- The Proxomics Group
- Institute of Chemical Biology
- Imperial College London
- London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Mark A. A. Neil
- The Proxomics Group
- Institute of Chemical Biology
- Imperial College London
- London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Bernhard Schuster
- Department of Nanobiotechnology
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- Vienna, 1190 Austria
| | - Oscar Ces
- The Proxomics Group
- Institute of Chemical Biology
- Imperial College London
- London, SW7 2AZ UK
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26
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Wang Z, Yue H, Wang Y, Wang L, Fu Z. A highly sensitive CE-chemiluminescence method for the determination of sympathomimetic drugs in urine samples by a facile precolumn derivatization using acridinium ester. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:1000-3. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis (Ministry of Education); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Huan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis (Ministry of Education); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention of Chonqing; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis (Ministry of Education); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis (Ministry of Education); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
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27
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Sott K, Eriksson E, Petelenz E, Goksör M. Optical systems for single cell analyses. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:1323-44. [PMID: 23496168 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.11.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data extracted from a population of cells represent the average response from all cells within the population. Even when the cells are genetically identical, cell-to-cell variations and genetic noise can make the cells respond in completely different ways. To understand the mechanisms behind the behaviour of a population, the cells must also be analysed on an individual basis. OBJECTIVE This review highlights the use of optical manipulation, microfluidics and advanced fluorescence imaging techniques for the acquisition of single cell data. CONCLUSION By implementation of these three techniques, it is possible to achieve a deeper insight into the principles underlying cellular functioning and a more thorough understanding of the phenomena often observed in cell populations, thus facilitating research in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Sott
- Postdoctoral fellow University of Gothenburg, Department of Physics, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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A microfluidic device for bacteria immobilization in a microporous carrier by dielectrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12213-012-0044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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29
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Abstract
Cells are extraordinarily complex, containing thousands of different analytes with concentrations spanning at least nine orders of magnitude. Analyzing single cells instead of tissue homogenates provides unique insights into cell-to-cell heterogeneity and aids in distinguishing normal cells from pathological ones. The high sensitivity and low sample consumption of capillary and on-chip electrophoresis, when integrated with fluorescence, electrochemical, and mass spectrometric detection methods, offer an ideal toolset for examining single cells and even subcellular organelles; however, the isolation and loading of such small samples into these devices is challenging. Recent advances have addressed this issue by interfacing a variety of enhanced mechanical, microfluidic, and optical sampling techniques to capillary and on-chip electrophoresis instruments for single-cell analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cecala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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30
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Liu Y, Matharu Z, Howland MC, Revzin A, Simonian AL. Affinity and enzyme-based biosensors: recent advances and emerging applications in cell analysis and point-of-care testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1181-96. [PMID: 22722742 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The applications of biosensors range from environmental testing and biowarfare agent detection to clinical testing and cell analysis. In recent years, biosensors have become increasingly prevalent in clinical testing and point-of-care testing. This is driven in part by the desire to decrease the cost of health care, to shift some of the analytical tests from centralized facilities to "frontline" physicians and nurses, and to obtain more precise information more quickly about the health status of a patient. This article gives an overview of recent advances in the field of biosensors, focusing on biosensors based on enzymes, aptamers, antibodies, and phages. In addition, this article attempts to describe efforts to apply these biosensors to clinical testing and cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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31
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Yokokawa R, Kitazawa Y, Terao K, Okonogi A, Kanno I, Kotera H. A perfusable microfluidic device with on-chip total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) for in situ and real-time monitoring of live cells. Biomed Microdevices 2012; 14:791-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Soe AK, Nahavandi S, Khoshmanesh K. Neuroscience goes on a chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 35:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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33
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Quantification of amino acids in a single cell by microchip electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 828:351-8. [PMID: 22125158 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-445-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing individual cells allows detecting a minor group of abnormal cells present in a large population of normal cells. This ability can be essential to understanding diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Microchip electrophoresis (MCE) is the technique of choice for single-cell analysis. However, since the channels in microfluidic devices are very small, achieving the desired assay sensitivity on a microfluidic platform remains a challenge. Here, we describe an MCE method with highly sensitive chemiluminescence detection for simultaneous determination of multiple amino acids present in single cells.
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34
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Shah D, Steffen M, Lilge L. Controlled electroporation of the plasma membrane in microfluidic devices for single cell analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:14111-1411110. [PMID: 22435083 PMCID: PMC3306412 DOI: 10.1063/1.3689859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cytometry on a single cell level is of interest to various biological fields ranging from cancer to stem cell research. The impact chemical cytometry can exert in these fields depends on the dimensionality of the retrievable analytes content. To this point, the number of different analytes identifiable and additionally their subcellular localization is of interest. To address this, we present an electroporation based approach for selective lysis of only the plasma membrane, which permits analysis of the dissolved cytoplasm, while reducing contributions from the nucleus and membrane bound fractions of the cell analytes. The use of 100 μs long pulse and a well defined DC electric field gradient of ∼4.5 kV·cm(-1) generated by 3D electrodes initiates release of a cytoplasm marker in ≪1 s, while retaining nuclear fluorescence markers.
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35
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Li T, Xie H, Fu Z. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography-chemiluminescent detection of biogenic amines using N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol as derivatization reagent and trivalent copper chelate as chemiluminescence enhancer. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 719:82-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Breadmore MC. Capillary and microchip electrophoresis: Challenging the common conceptions. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1221:42-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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37
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Microchip device for measurement of body volume of C. elegans as bioindicator application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12213-011-0036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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38
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Hargis AD, Alarie JP, Ramsey J. Characterization of cell lysis events on a microfluidic device for high-throughput single cell analysis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3172-9. [PMID: 22025127 PMCID: PMC3517164 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic device capable of rapidly analyzing cells in a high-throughput manner using electrical cell lysis is further characterized. In the experiments performed, cell lysis events were studied using an electron multiplying charge coupled device camera with high frame rate (>100 fps) data collection. It was found that, with this microfluidic design, the path that a cell follows through the electric field affects the amount of lysate injected into the analysis channel. Elimination of variable flow paths through the electric field was achieved by coating the analysis channel with a polyamine compound to reverse the electroosmotic flow (EOF). EOF reversal forced the cells to take the same path through the electric field. The improved control of the cell trajectory will reduce device-imposed bias on the analysis and maximizes the amount of lysate injected into the analysis channel for each cell, resulting in improved analyte detection capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Hargis
- Department of Chemistry, Chapman Hall Room 251, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3216
| | - JP Alarie
- Department of Chemistry, Chapman Hall Room 251, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3216
| | - J.M. Ramsey
- Department of Chemistry, Chapman Hall Room 251, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3216
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Shen Y, Nakajima M, Yang Z, Kojima S, Homma M, Fukuda T. Design and characterization of nanoknife with buffering beam for in situ single-cell cutting. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:305701. [PMID: 21697582 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/30/305701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanoknife with a buffering beam is proposed for single-cell cutting. The nanoknife was fabricated from a commercial atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever by focused-ion-beam (FIB) etching technique. The material identification of the nanoknife was determined using the energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS) method. It demonstrated that the gallium ion pollution of the nanoknife can be ignored during the etching processes. The buffering beam was used to measure the cutting force based on its deformation. The spring constant of the beam was calibrated based on a referenced cantilever by using a nanomanipulation approach. The tip of the nanoknife was designed with a small edge angle 5° to reduce the compression to the cell during the cutting procedure. For comparison, two other nanoknives with different edge angles, i.e. 25° and 45°, were also prepared. An in situ single-cell cutting experiment was performed using these three nanoknives inside an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The cutting force and the sample slice angle for each nanoknife were evaluated. It showed the compression to the cell can be reduced when using the nanoknife with a small edge angle 5°. Consequently, the nanoknife was capable for in situ single-cell cutting tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Shen
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, S-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhang X, Li Q, Chen Z, Li H, Xu K, Zhang L, Tang B. Electrokinetic gated injection-based microfluidic system for quantitative analysis of hydrogen peroxide in individual HepG2 cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1144-1150. [PMID: 21298131 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic system to determine hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in individual HepG2 cells based on the electrokinetic gated injection was developed for the first time. A home-synthesized fluorescent probe, bis(p-methylbenzenesulfonate)dichlorofluorescein (FS), was employed to label intracellular H(2)O(2) in the intact cells. On a simple cross microchip, multiple single-cell operations, including single cell injection, cytolysis, electrophoresis separation and detection of H(2)O(2), were automatically carried out within 60 s using the electrokinetic gated injection and laser-induced fluorescence detection (LIFD). The performance of the method was evaluated under the optimal conditions. The linear calibration curve was over a range of 4.39-610 amol (R(2)=0.9994). The detection limit was 0.55 amol or 9.0×10(-10) M (S/N=3). The relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) of migration time and peak area were 1.4% and 4.8%, respectively. With the use of this method, the average content of H(2)O(2) in single HepG2 cells was found to be 16.09±9.84 amol (n=15). Separation efficiencies in excess of 17,000 theoretical plates for the cells were achieved. These results demonstrated that the efficient integration and automation of these single-cell operations enabled the sensitive, reproducible, and quantitative examination of intracellular H(2)O(2) at single-cell level. Owing to the advantages of simple microchip structure, controllable single-cell manipulation and ease in building, this platform provides a universal way to automatically determine other intracellular constituents within single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014
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Ye T, Li H, Lam KY. Numerical design of microfluidic-microelectric hybrid chip for the separation of biological cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:3188-3197. [PMID: 21332176 DOI: 10.1021/la1047613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A miniature microfluidic-microelectric hybrid chip is numerically designed for separation of biological cells, where the characteristic length of the chip is close to the cell radius. A mathematical model is developed to characterize the motion and deformation of a biological cell in the hydrodynamic and nonuniform electric coupled fields, in which the mechanical and dielectric behaviors of the cell are taken into consideration. Subsequently, the model is validated by comparing with the experimental results published previously. By taking a red blood cell (RBC) as the sample of biological cell, the chip structure is numerically designed from the viewpoints of the electrode width, fluid flow velocity, and electric potential, respectively. Using the designed microfluidic-microelectric hybrid chip, the effects of the shape and initial position of the RBC on the separation ability are then analyzed. After that, the separation of the RBCs with the different permittivities or conductivities using the designed chip is simulated, and the deformation behaviors of the RBCs are discussed as well. At the high frequency, the permittivities of the RBCs play a dominant role in the separation of the RBCs, which causes the RBCs moving toward or away from the electrode array. However, the conductivity of the RBC plays a significant role at the low frequency. With suitable suspending fluid therefore, the separation of cells with different permittivities or conductivities can be achieved using the microfluidic-microelectric hybrid chip designed by the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Zhang S, Qi H, Yakufu P, Zhao F, Ling X, Xiao J, Wang Y. Screening of thiourea derivatives and carbonyl-2-aminothiazole derivatives for potential CCR4 antagonists using capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Reid KR, Kennedy RT. Continuous operation of microfabricated electrophoresis devices for 24 hours and application to chemical monitoring of living cells. Anal Chem 2010; 81:6837-42. [PMID: 19621896 DOI: 10.1021/ac901114k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microchip electrophoresis is an emerging analytical technology with several useful attributes including rapid separation time, small sample requirements, and automation. In numerous potential applications, such as chemical monitoring or high-throughput screening, it may be desirable to use a system for many analyses without operator intervention; however, long-term operation of microchip electrophoresis systems has received little attention. We have developed a microchip electrophoresis system that can automatically inject samples at 6 s intervals for 24 h resulting in collection of 14,400 assays in one session. Continuous operation time of a prototype of the device was limited to 2 h due to degradation of reagents and electrophoresis buffers on the chip; however, modification so that all reagents were continuously perfused into reservoirs on the device ensured fresh reagents were always used for analysis and enabled extended operating sessions. The electrophoresis chip incorporated a cell perfusion chamber and reagent addition channels to allow chemical monitoring of fluid around cells cultured on the chip by serial electrophoretic immunoassays. The immunoassay had detection limits of 0.4 nM for insulin and generated approximately 4% relative standard deviation over an entire 24 h period with no evidence of signal drift. The combined system was used to monitor insulin secretion from single islets of Langerhans for 6-39 h. The monitoring experiments revealed that islets have secretion dynamics that include spontaneous oscillations after extended nonoscillating periods and possible ultradian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra R Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Analytical techniques for single-cell metabolomics: state of the art and trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2493-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ye F, Huang Y, Xu Q, Shi M, Zhao S. Quantification of taurine and amino acids in mice single fibrosarcoma cell by microchip electrophoresis coupled with chemiluminescence detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1630-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Koek MM, Bakels F, Engel W, van den Maagdenberg A, Ferrari MD, Coulier L, Hankemeier T. Metabolic profiling of ultrasmall sample volumes with GC/MS: from microliter to nanoliter samples. Anal Chem 2010; 82:156-62. [PMID: 19947586 DOI: 10.1021/ac9015787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Profiling of metabolites is increasingly used to study the functioning of biological systems. For some studies the volume of available samples is limited to only a few microliters or even less, for fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of small animals like mice or the analysis of individual oocytes. Here we present an analytical method using in-liner silylation coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), that is suitable for metabolic profiling in ultrasmall sample volumes of 2 microL down to 10 nL. Method performance was assessed in various biosamples. Derivatization efficiencies for sugars, organic acids, and amino acids were satisfactory (105-120%), and repeatabilities were generally better than 15%, except for amino acids that had repeatabilities up to about 35-40%. For endogenous sugars and organic acids in fetal bovine serum, the response was linear for aliquots from 10 nL up to at least 1 microL. The developed GC/MS method was applied for the analysis of different sample matrixes, i.e., fetal bovine serum, mouse CSF, and aliquots of the intracellular content of Xenopus laevis oocytes. To the best of our knowledge, we present here the first comprehensive GC/MS metabolite profiles from mouse CSF and from the intracellular content of a single X. laevis oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud M Koek
- Analytical Science Department, TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist, The Netherlands.
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Mellors JS, Jorabchi K, Smith LM, Ramsey JM. Integrated microfluidic device for automated single cell analysis using electrophoretic separation and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:967-73. [PMID: 20058879 PMCID: PMC2836921 DOI: 10.1021/ac902218y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A microfabricated fluidic device was developed for the automated real-time analysis of individual cells using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The microfluidic structure incorporates a means for rapid lysis of single cells within a free solution electrophoresis channel, where cellular constituents were separated, and an integrated electrospray emitter for ionization of separated components. The eluent was characterized using mass spectrometry. Human erythrocytes were used as a model system for this study. In this monolithically integrated device, cell lysis occurs at a channel intersection using a combination of rapid buffer exchange and an increase in electric field strength. An electroosmotic pump is incorporated at the end of the electrophoretic separation channel to direct eluent to the integrated electrospray emitter. The dissociated heme group and the alpha and beta subunits of hemoglobin from individual erythrocytes were detected as cells continuously flowed through the device. The average analysis throughput was approximately 12 cells per minute, demonstrating the potential of this method for high-throughput single cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Mellors
- Department of Chemistry, Chapman Hall Room 251, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3216, USA
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Single cell analytics: an overview. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 124:99-122. [PMID: 21072695 DOI: 10.1007/10_2010_96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The research field of single cell analysis is rapidly expanding, driven by developments in flow cytometry, microscopy, lab-on-a-chip devices, and many other fields. The promises of these developments include deciphering cellular mechanisms and the quantification of cell-to-cell differences, ideally with spatio-temporal resolution. However, these promises are challenging as the analytical techniques have to cope with minute analyte amounts and concentrations. We formulate first these challenges and then present state-of-the-art analytical techniques available to investigate the different cellular hierarchies--from the genome to the phenome, i.e., the sum of all phenotypes.
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