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Mohammadian E, Rahimpour E, Foroumadi A, Alizadeh-Sani M, Hasanvand Z, Jouyban A. Derivatization of γ-Amino Butyric Acid Analogues for Their Determination in the Biological Samples and Pharmaceutical Preparations: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1727-1754. [PMID: 34096806 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1916733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in regulating neuronal excitability. Four structurally related drugs to GABA including pregabalin (PGB), gabapentin (GBP), vigabatrin (VGB), and baclofen are used for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. These drugs are small aliphatic molecules having neither fluorescent nor strong absorbance in the ultraviolet/visible region; therefore, direct determination of these analytes by optical methods is difficult. Additionally, their high boiling point makes gas chromatography impossible. Accordingly, the amine or acid moiety in these drugs is derivatized in order to improve their selectivity and sensitivity during determination in the biological samples. This review focuses on derivatization based methods and their different reactions for determination of PGB, GBP, VGB, and baclofen in the biological samples and pharmaceutical preparations reported between 1980 and 2020. High-performance liquid chromatography methods coupled with different detectors are a commonly used methods for determination of GABA analogs after derivatization. These methods cover 38.89% of all developed methods for determination of GABA analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mohammadian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh-Sani
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaman Hasanvand
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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3D-Printed Gastroretentive Sustained Release Drug Delivery System by Applying Design of Experiment Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102330. [PMID: 32429452 PMCID: PMC7287939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a novel oral drug delivery system for gastroretentive sustained drug release by using a capsular device. A capsular device that can control drug release rates from the inner immediate release (IR) tablet while floating in the gastric fluid was fabricated and printed by a fused deposition modeling 3D printer. A commercial IR tablet of baclofen was inserted into the capsular device. The structure of the capsular device was optimized by applying a design of experiment approach to achieve sustained release of a drug while maintaining sufficient buoyancy. The 2-level factorial design was used to identify the optimal sustained release with three control factors: size, number, and height of drug-releasing holes of the capsular device. The drug delivery system was buoyant for more than 24 h and the average time to reach 80% dissolution (T80) was 1.7–6.7 h by varying the control factors. The effects of the different control factors on the response factor, T80, were predicted by using the equation of best fit. Finally, drug delivery systems with predetermined release rates were prepared with a mean prediction error ≤ 15.3%. This approach holds great promise to develop various controlled release drug delivery systems.
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Elagawany M, Farid NF, Elgendy B, Abdelmomen EH, Abdelwahab NS. Baclofen impurities: Facile synthesis and novel environmentally benign chromatographic method for their simultaneous determination in baclofen. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4579. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elagawany
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyDamanhour University Damanhour Egypt
- Center for Clinical PharmacologyWashington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy St Louis MO USA
| | - Nehal F. Farid
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyBeni‐Suef University Beni‐Suef Egypt
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Center for Clinical PharmacologyWashington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy St Louis MO USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceBenha University Benha Egypt
| | - Esraa H. Abdelmomen
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyNahda University (NUB) Beni‐Suef Egypt
| | - Nada S. Abdelwahab
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyBeni‐Suef University Beni‐Suef Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyNahda University (NUB) Beni‐Suef Egypt
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Ostovan A, Ghaedi M, Arabi M. Fabrication of water-compatible superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted biopolymer for clean separation of baclofen from bio-fluid samples: A mild and green approach. Talanta 2018; 179:760-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Zeid AM, Kaji N, Nasr JJM, Belal F, Walash MI, Baba Y. Determination of baclofen and vigabatrin by microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection: application of field-enhanced sample stacking and dynamic pH junction. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel microchip gel electrophoretic method for the assay of baclofen and vigabatrin for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M. Zeid
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Noritada Kaji
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Jenny Jeehan M. Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Walash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
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Determination of Baclofen Residue in Muscle, Liver, Kidney and Fat of Swine by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Labat L, Goncalves A, Marques AR, Duretz B, Granger B, Declèves X. Liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of baclofen and its metabolites in plasma: Application to therapeutic drug monitoring. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Labat
- Biologie du Médicament et Toxicologie; Groupe Cochin (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris); France
- Inserm UMR - S1144 Universités (Paris Descartes - Paris Diderot); France
| | - Antonio Goncalves
- Biologie du Médicament et Toxicologie; Groupe Cochin (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris); France
| | - Ana Rita Marques
- Biologie du Médicament et Toxicologie; Groupe Cochin (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris); France
| | | | - Bernard Granger
- Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Tarnier; Groupe Cochin (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris); France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Biologie du Médicament et Toxicologie; Groupe Cochin (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris); France
- Inserm UMR - S1144 Universités (Paris Descartes - Paris Diderot); France
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Gómora-Arrati P, Dominguez G, Ågmo A. GABA Receptors in the Medial Preoptic Area Modulate the Onset of Oestradiol-Induced Maternal Behaviour in Hysterectomised-Ovariectomised, Pregnant Rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27631525 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied the participation of GABA neurotransmission in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) with respect to the onset of the pup retrieval response and nest building. Pregnant female rats were implanted with bilateral cannulae in the mPOA on day 12 of pregnancy and, on day 16, the females were hysterectomised and ovariectomised and given 200 μg/kg of oestradiol benzoate. Two days later, the females received one of the following intracerebral drug treatments: GABAB agonist baclofen (200 ng); GABAB antagonist phaclofen (1 μg); GABAA antagonist bicuculline (60 ng); or physiological saline. Five minutes after intracerebral infusion, three foster pups were introduced into the females' home cage. The subjects were observed for pup grouping (retrieval) during 15 min, after which the pups were left with the female. During the next 12 h, an observation was made every 1 h to determine whether the pups had been grouped (retrieved) or not. The GABAB agonist baclofen reduced the proportion of females retrieving pups from 4 to 8 h following pup introduction. By contrast, both the GABAA antagonist bicuculline and the GABAB antagonist phaclofen enhanced the proportion of females retrieving pups during the first 3 h of observation. The latency to pup retrieval in subjects treated with the GABAB agonist baclofen was significantly longer than that in subjects given any of the antagonists. All females built a nest but baclofen reduced nest quality. These data show that activation of GABAB receptors in the mPOA has an inhibitory effect on basic maternal behaviours, whereas blockade of either the GABAA or GABAB receptor facilitates pup retrieval. It is possible that reduced GABAergic tone in the mPOA is a key element in the initiation of maternal behaviours in postparturient rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gómora-Arrati
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-UAT, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - G Dominguez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-UAT, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - A Ågmo
- Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Labat L, Goncalves A, Cleophax C, Megarbane B, Decleves X. Dosage du baclofène dans le plasma en chromatographie phase liquide couplée à de la spectrométrie de masse en tandem : à propos d’un cas de surdosage. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Szpot P, Chłopaś A, Buszewicz G, Teresiński G. Application of high-resolution mass spectrometry to determination of baclofen in a case of fatal intoxication. Forensic Toxicol 2016; 34:268-276. [PMID: 27429654 PMCID: PMC4929172 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-016-0314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study focused on the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to postmortem toxicological analysis. Fast and simple sample preparation involved precipitation with acetonitrile, removal of phospholipids using special columns and filtration. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of–flight mass spectrometry. The method was validated by determining the limit of quantification, precision, recovery and matrix effect. The use of a high-resolution spectrometer allowed us to determine the precise masses of the fragments of interest and to suggest the fragmentation pathway of baclofen. The usefulness, effectiveness and assets of the procedure were confirmed by an authentic case of a 25-year-old woman fatally intoxicated with baclofen who was found dead in her apartment. Toxicological analysis of postmortem blood samples demonstrated that the baclofen concentration was 30.7 μg/mL. In only one published case describing fatal baclofen intoxication were no other xenobiotics (that could interact with baclofen) found. To our knowledge, this is the first report dealing with analysis of baclofen by HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szpot
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 4, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland ; Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chłopaś
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Khataee A, Lotfi R, Hasanzadeh A, Iranifam M, Zarei M, Joo SW. Comparison of two methods for selegiline determination: A flow-injection chemiluminescence method using cadmium sulfide quantum dots and corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:273-280. [PMID: 26318702 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two analytical approaches including chemiluminescence (CL) and corona discharge ionization ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS) were developed for sensitive determination of selegiline (SG). We found that the CL intensity of the KMnO4-Na2S2O3 CL system was significantly enhanced in the presence of L-cysteine capped CdS quantum dots (QDs). A possible CL mechanism for this CL reaction is proposed. In the presence of SG, the enhanced CL system was inhibited. Based on this inhibition, a simple and sensitive flow-injection CL method was proposed for the determination of SG. Under optimum experimental conditions, the decreased CL intensity was proportional to SG concentration in the range of 0.01 to 30.0 mg L(-1). The detection limit (3σ) was 0.004 mg L(-1). Also, SG was determined using CD-IMS, and under optimum conditions of CD-IMS, calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.15 to 42.0 mg L(-1), with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.03 mg L(-1). The precision of the two methods was calculated by analyzing samples containing 5.0 mg L(-1) of SG (n=11). The relative standard deviations (RSDs%) of the flow-injection CL and CD-IMS methods are 2.17% and 3.83%, respectively. The proposed CL system exhibits a higher sensitivity and precision than the CD-IMS method for the determination of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Roya Lotfi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliyeh Hasanzadeh
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Iranifam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, 55181-83111 Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zarei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea.
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Nahar LK, Cordero RE, Nutt D, Lingford-Hughes A, Turton S, Durant C, Wilson S, Paterson S. Validated Method for the Quantification of Baclofen in Human Plasma Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2015; 40:117-23. [PMID: 26538544 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkv125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly sensitive and fully validated method was developed for the quantification of baclofen in human plasma. After adjusting the pH of the plasma samples using a phosphate buffer solution (pH 4), baclofen was purified using mixed mode (C8/cation exchange) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Endogenous water-soluble compounds and lipids were removed from the cartridges before the samples were eluted and concentrated. The samples were analyzed using triple-quadrupole liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with triggered dynamic multiple reaction monitoring mode for simultaneous quantification and confirmation. The assay was linear from 25 to 1,000 ng/mL (r(2) > 0.999; n = 6). Intraday (n = 6) and interday (n = 15) imprecisions (% relative standard deviation) were <5%, and the average recovery was 30%. The limit of detection of the method was 5 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification was 25 ng/mL. Plasma samples from healthy male volunteers (n = 9, median age: 22) given two single oral doses of baclofen (10 and 60 mg) on nonconsecutive days were analyzed to demonstrate method applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Nutt
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Lingford-Hughes
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samuel Turton
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Durant
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sue Wilson
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sue Paterson
- Toxicology Unit, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
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Pharmacokinetic alteration of baclofen by multiple oral administration of herbal medicines in rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:402126. [PMID: 25530781 PMCID: PMC4229966 DOI: 10.1155/2014/402126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction of conventional western drug, baclofen, and oriental medications Oyaksungisan (OY) and Achyranthes bidentata radix (AB) extract for the treatment of spasticity has been evaluated. Rats were pretreated with distilled water (DW), OY, or AB extract by oral administration every day for 7 days. After 10 min of the final dose of DW or each herbal medication, baclofen (1 mg/kg) was given by oral administration and plasma concentrations of baclofen were determined by LC/MS/MS. The plasma baclofen concentration-time profiles were then analyzed by noncompartmental analysis and a population PK model was developed. Baclofen was rapidly absorbed, showed biexponential decline with elimination half-life of 3.42–4.10 hr, and mostly excreted into urine. The PK of baclofen was not affected by AB extract pretreatment. However, significantly lower maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and longer time to reach Cmax (Tmax) were observed in OY pretreated rats without changes in the area under the curve (AUC) and the fraction excreted into urine (Furine). The absorption rate (Ka) of baclofen was significantly decreased in OY pretreated rats. These data suggested that repeated doses of OY might delay the absorption of baclofen without changes in extent of absorption, which needs further evaluation for clinical significance.
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