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Ashok AH, Myers J, Frost G, Turton S, Gunn RN, Passchier J, Colasanti A, Marques TR, Nutt D, Lingford-Hughes A, Howes OD, Rabiner EA. Acute acetate administration increases endogenous opioid levels in the human brain: A [ 11C]carfentanil molecular imaging study. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:606-610. [PMID: 33406950 PMCID: PMC8155733 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120965912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A recent study has shown that acetate administration leads to a fourfold increase in the transcription of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in the hypothalamus. POMC is cleaved to peptides, including β-endorphin, an endogenous opioid (EO) agonist that binds preferentially to the µ-opioid receptor (MOR). We hypothesised that an acetate challenge would increase the levels of EO in the human brain. We have previously demonstrated that increased EO release in the human brain can be detected using positron emission tomography (PET) with the selective MOR radioligand [11C]carfentanil. We used this approach to evaluate the effects of an acute acetate challenge on EO levels in the brain of healthy human volunteers. METHODS Seven volunteers each completed a baseline [11C]carfentanil PET scan followed by an administration of sodium acetate before a second [11C]carfentanil PET scan. Dynamic PET data were acquired over 90 minutes, and corrected for attenuation, scatter and subject motion. Regional [11C] carfentanil BPND values were then calculated using the simplified reference tissue model (with the occipital grey matter as the reference region). Change in regional EO concentration was evaluated as the change in [11C]carfentanil BPND following acetate administration. RESULTS Following sodium acetate administration, 2.5-6.5% reductions in [11C]carfentanil regional BPND were seen, with statistical significance reached in the cerebellum, temporal lobe, orbitofrontal cortex, striatum and thalamus. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that an acute acetate challenge has the potential to increase EO release in the human brain, providing a plausible mechanism of the central effects of acetate on appetite in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishekh H Ashok
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK.,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Samuel Turton
- Imperial College London, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Imperial College London, UK.,Invicro, London, UK
| | | | - Alessandro Colasanti
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK.,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK.,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Invicro, London, UK
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2
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Turton S, Myers JF, Mick I, Colasanti A, Venkataraman A, Durant C, Waldman A, Brailsford A, Parkin MC, Dawe G, Rabiner EA, Gunn RN, Lightman SL, Nutt DJ, Lingford-Hughes A. Blunted endogenous opioid release following an oral dexamphetamine challenge in abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1749-1758. [PMID: 29942043 PMCID: PMC6169731 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Addiction has been proposed as a 'reward deficient' state, which is compensated for with substance use. There is growing evidence of dysregulation in the opioid system, which plays a key role in reward, underpinning addiction. Low levels of endogenous opioids are implicated in vulnerability for developing alcohol dependence (AD) and high mu-opioid receptor (MOR) availability in early abstinence is associated with greater craving. This high MOR availability is proposed to be the target of opioid antagonist medication to prevent relapse. However, changes in endogenous opioid tone in AD are poorly characterised and are important to understand as opioid antagonists do not help everyone with AD. We used [11C]carfentanil, a selective MOR agonist positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand, to investigate endogenous opioid tone in AD for the first time. We recruited 13 abstinent male AD and 15 control participants who underwent two [11C]carfentanil PET scans, one before and one 3 h following a 0.5 mg/kg oral dose of dexamphetamine to measure baseline MOR availability and endogenous opioid release. We found significantly blunted dexamphetamine-induced opioid release in 5 out of 10 regions-of-interest including insula, frontal lobe and putamen in AD compared with controls, but no significantly higher MOR availability AD participants compared with HC in any region. This study is comparable to our previous results of blunted dexamphetamine-induced opioid release in gambling disorder, suggesting that this dysregulation in opioid tone is common to both behavioural and substance addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Turton
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Fm Myers
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Inge Mick
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute for Clinical Teratology and Drug Risk Assessment in Pregnancy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Colasanti
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ashwin Venkataraman
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Durant
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Waldman
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan Brailsford
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark C Parkin
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Dawe
- Department of Neuroradiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Imanova Limited, London, UK
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Imanova Limited, London, UK
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stafford L Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience & Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David J Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Lingford-Hughes
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Timmermann C, Roseman L, Schartner M, Milliere R, Williams LTJ, Erritzoe D, Muthukumaraswamy S, Ashton M, Bendrioua A, Kaur O, Turton S, Nour MM, Day CM, Leech R, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL. Neural correlates of the DMT experience assessed with multivariate EEG. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16324. [PMID: 31745107 PMCID: PMC6864083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying transitions in and out of the altered state of consciousness caused by intravenous (IV) N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT - a fast-acting tryptamine psychedelic) offers a safe and powerful means of advancing knowledge on the neurobiology of conscious states. Here we sought to investigate the effects of IV DMT on the power spectrum and signal diversity of human brain activity (6 female, 7 male) recorded via multivariate EEG, and plot relationships between subjective experience, brain activity and drug plasma concentrations across time. Compared with placebo, DMT markedly reduced oscillatory power in the alpha and beta bands and robustly increased spontaneous signal diversity. Time-referenced and neurophenomenological analyses revealed close relationships between changes in various aspects of subjective experience and changes in brain activity. Importantly, the emergence of oscillatory activity within the delta and theta frequency bands was found to correlate with the peak of the experience - particularly its eyes-closed visual component. These findings highlight marked changes in oscillatory activity and signal diversity with DMT that parallel broad and specific components of the subjective experience, thus advancing our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of immersive states of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Timmermann
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (C3NL), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Leor Roseman
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Michael Schartner
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Milliere
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luke T J Williams
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - David Erritzoe
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Ashton
- PKDM Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adam Bendrioua
- PKDM Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Okdeep Kaur
- Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samuel Turton
- Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Matthew M Nour
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Camilla M Day
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Robert Leech
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David J Nutt
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Robin L Carhart-Harris
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Tyacke RJ, Myers JFM, Venkataraman A, Mick I, Turton S, Passchier J, Husbands SM, Rabiner EA, Gunn RN, Murphy PS, Parker CA, Nutt DJ. Evaluation of 11C-BU99008, a PET Ligand for the Imidazoline 2 Binding Site in Human Brain. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1597-1602. [PMID: 29523627 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.208009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The imidazoline2 binding site (I2BS) is thought to be expressed in glia and implicated in the regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein. A PET ligand for this target would be important for the investigation of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. 11C-BU99008 has previously been identified as a putative PET radioligand. Here, we present the first in vivo characterization of this PET radioligand in humans and assess its test-retest reproducibility. Methods: Fourteen healthy male volunteers underwent dynamic PET imaging with 11C-BU99008 and arterial sampling. Six subjects were used in a test-retest assessment, and 8 were used in a pharmacologic evaluation, undergoing a second or third heterologous competition scan with the mixed I2BS/α2-adrenoceptor drug idazoxan (n = 8; 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg) and the mixed irreversible monoamine oxidase type A/B inhibitor isocarboxazid (n = 4; 50 mg). Regional time-activity data were generated from arterial plasma input functions corrected for metabolites using the most appropriate model to derive the outcome measure VT (regional distribution volume). All image processing and kinetic analyses were performed in MIAKAT. Results: Brain uptake of 11C-BU99008 was good, with reversible kinetics and a heterogeneous distribution consistent with known I2BS expression. Model selection criteria indicated that the 2-tissue-compartment model was preferred. VT estimates were high in the striatum (105 ± 21 mL⋅cm-3), medium in the cingulate cortex (62 ± 10 mL⋅cm-3), and low in the cerebellum (41 ± 7 mL⋅cm-3). Test-retest reliability was reasonable. The uptake was dose-dependently reduced throughout the brain by pretreatment with idazoxan, with an average block across all regions of about 60% (VT, ∼30 mL⋅cm-3) at the highest dose (80 mg). The median effective dose for idazoxan was 28 mg. Uptake was not blocked by pretreatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor isocarboxazid. Conclusion:11C-BU99008 in human PET studies demonstrates good brain delivery, reversible kinetics, heterogeneous distribution, specific binding signal consistent with I2BS distribution, and good test-retest reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Tyacke
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Academic Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jim F M Myers
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Academic Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Venkataraman
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Academic Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Inge Mick
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Academic Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Turton
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Academic Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Passchier
- Imanova Limited, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Husbands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger N Gunn
- Imanova Limited, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Restorative Neurosciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Philip S Murphy
- Experimental Medicine Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Limited, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Christine A Parker
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Academic Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Experimental Medicine Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Limited, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - David J Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Academic Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Venkataraman AV, Keat N, Myers JF, Turton S, Mick I, Gunn RN, Rabiner EA, Passchier J, Parker CA, Tyacke RJ, Nutt DJ. First evaluation of PET-based human biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 11C-BU99008, a tracer for imaging the imidazoline 2 binding site. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:71. [PMID: 30062395 PMCID: PMC6066589 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We measured whole body distribution of 11C-BU99008, a new PET biomarker for non-invasive identification of the imidazoline2 binding site. The purpose of this phase I study was to evaluate the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 11C-BU99008 in healthy human subjects. METHODS A single bolus injection of 11C-BU99008 (296 ± 10.5 MBq) was administered to four healthy subjects who underwent whole-body PET/CT over 120 min from the cranial vertex to the mid-thigh. Volumes of interest were drawn around visually identifiable source organs to generate time-activity curves (TAC). Residence times were determined from time-activity curves. Absorbed doses to individual organs and the whole body effective dose were calculated using OLINDA/EXM 1.1 for each subject. RESULTS The highest measured activity concentration was in the kidney and spleen. The longest residence time was in the muscle at 0.100 ± 0.023 h, followed by the liver at 0.067 ± 0.015 h and lungs at 0.052 ± 0.010 h. The highest mean organ absorbed dose was within the heart wall (0.028 ± 0.002 mGy/MBq), followed by the kidneys (0.026 ± 0.005 mGy/MBq). The critical organ was the heart wall. The total mean effective dose averaged over subjects was estimated to be 0.0056 ± 0.0004 mSv/MBq for an injection of 11C-BU99008. CONCLUSIONS The biodistribution of 11C-BU99008 has been shown here for the first time in humans. Our dosimetry data showed the total mean effective dose over all subjects was 0.0056 ± 0.0004 mSv/MBq, which would result in a total effective dose of 1.96 mSv for a typical injection of 350 MBq of 11C-BU99008. The effective dose is not appreciably different from those obtained with other 11C tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin V. Venkataraman
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 5th Floor Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
- Restorative Neurosciences, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Nicholas Keat
- Imanova Limited, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - James F. Myers
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 5th Floor Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Samuel Turton
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 5th Floor Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Inge Mick
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 5th Floor Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Roger N. Gunn
- Imanova Limited, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
- Restorative Neurosciences, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Eugenii A. Rabiner
- Imanova Limited, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Jan Passchier
- Imanova Limited, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Christine A. Parker
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 5th Floor Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
- Experimental Medicine Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development Limited, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY UK
| | - Robin J. Tyacke
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 5th Floor Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - David J. Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 5th Floor Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
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Wall JJS, Iqbal J, Andrews M, Teare D, Ghobrial M, Hinton T, Turton S, Quffa L, El-Omar M, Fraser DG, Siotia A, Gunn J. Development and validation of a clinical risk score to predict mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. Open Heart 2017; 4:e000576. [PMID: 28878944 PMCID: PMC5574428 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2016-000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a contemporary clinical risk score to predict mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS Using data collected from patients undergoing PCI at the South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK, between January 2007 and September 2013, a risk score was developed to predict mortality. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of each variable upon 30-day mortality. A backwards stepwise logistic regression model was then used to build a predictive model. The results were validated both internally and externally with data from Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK. 30-Day mortality status was determined from the UK Office of National Statistics. RESULTS The development data set comprised 6522 patients from Sheffield. Five risk factors, including cardiogenic shock, procedural urgency, history of renal disease, diabetes mellitus and age, were statistically significant to predict 30-day mortality. The risk score was validated internally on a further 3290 patients from Sheffield and externally on 3230 patients from Manchester. The discrimination of the model was high in the development (C-statistic=0.82, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.85), internal (C-statistic=0.81, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.86) and external (C statistics=0.90, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.93) cohorts. There was no significant difference between observed and predicted mortality in any group. CONCLUSION This contemporary risk score reliably predicts 30-day mortality after PCI using a small number of clinical variables obtainable prior to the procedure, without knowledge of the coronary anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J S Wall
- Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Javaid Iqbal
- Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael Andrews
- Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dawn Teare
- Sheffield School for Health and Related Research, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mina Ghobrial
- Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK.,Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas Hinton
- Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK.,Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK.,University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Samuel Turton
- Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Leila Quffa
- Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julian Gunn
- Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK.,Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, Sheffield, UK
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Edison P, Mayers J, Calsolaro V, Fan Z, Turton S, Venkataraman A, Daniela Femminella G, Perneczky R, Gunn RN, Rabiner EA, Matthews PM, Tyacke R, Nutt D. [P3–324]: DEMENTIA PLATFORM U.K. EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE: HUMAN
IN VIVO
ASTROGLIAL ACTIVATION IN EARLY ALZHEIMER's DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jim Mayers
- Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Zhen Fan
- Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Robert Perneczky
- Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- West London Mental Health NHS TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Roger N. Gunn
- Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- IMANOVA Ltd.LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eugenii A. Rabiner
- IMANOVA Ltd.LondonUnited Kingdom
- King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Nutt
- Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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8
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Nahar LK, Cordero RE, Nutt D, Lingford-Hughes A, Turton S, Durant C, Wilson S, Paterson S. Validated Method for the Quantification of Baclofen in Human Plasma Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2015; 40:117-23. [PMID: 26538544 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkv125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly sensitive and fully validated method was developed for the quantification of baclofen in human plasma. After adjusting the pH of the plasma samples using a phosphate buffer solution (pH 4), baclofen was purified using mixed mode (C8/cation exchange) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Endogenous water-soluble compounds and lipids were removed from the cartridges before the samples were eluted and concentrated. The samples were analyzed using triple-quadrupole liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with triggered dynamic multiple reaction monitoring mode for simultaneous quantification and confirmation. The assay was linear from 25 to 1,000 ng/mL (r(2) > 0.999; n = 6). Intraday (n = 6) and interday (n = 15) imprecisions (% relative standard deviation) were <5%, and the average recovery was 30%. The limit of detection of the method was 5 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification was 25 ng/mL. Plasma samples from healthy male volunteers (n = 9, median age: 22) given two single oral doses of baclofen (10 and 60 mg) on nonconsecutive days were analyzed to demonstrate method applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Nutt
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Lingford-Hughes
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samuel Turton
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Durant
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sue Wilson
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sue Paterson
- Toxicology Unit, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
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Turton S, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R. A Qualitative Report on the Subjective Experience of Intravenous Psilocybin Administered in an fMRI Environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:117-27. [DOI: 10.2174/1874473708666150107120930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Couper
- RSPCA West Hatch Wildlife Centre; Taunton Somerset TA3 5RT
| | - G. Margos
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Bath; 3 South, Claverton Down Bath BA2 7FN
| | - K. Kurtenbach
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Bath; 3 South, Claverton Down Bath BA2 7FN
| | - S. Turton
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Bath; 3 South, Claverton Down Bath BA2 7FN
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Turton S, Campbell C. Tend and Befriend Versus Fight or Flight: Gender Differences in Behavioral Response to Stress Among University Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9861.2005.tb00013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Jones RG, Chan ASY, Turton S, Jackson GJ, Singh NK, Woodruff DP, Cowie BCC. 1-Chloro-2-fluoroethane Adsorption on Cu(111): Structure and Bonding. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010016r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Jones
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K., CLRC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K., and Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - A. S. Y. Chan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K., CLRC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K., and Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - S. Turton
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K., CLRC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K., and Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - G. J. Jackson
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K., CLRC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K., and Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - N. K. Singh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K., CLRC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K., and Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - D. P. Woodruff
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K., CLRC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K., and Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - B. C. C. Cowie
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K., CLRC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K., and Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Jones RG, Turton S, Ithnin R. Formation of translationally hot ethene by dissociative electron capture of adsorbed 1,2-dichloroethane. Chem Phys Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(96)01018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Scragg G, Kerkar M, Ettema ARHF, Woodruff DP, Cowie BCC, Daïmellah A, Turton S, Jones RG. Quantitative structural study of an Na–O coadsorption phase on Al(111) using X-ray standing waves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9959103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Turton S, Herriot S. Mentoring psychiatric student nurses. Nurs Times 1989; 85:70-1. [PMID: 2798179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Davies AJ, Desai HN, Turton S, Dyas A. Does instillation of chlorhexidine into the bladder of catheterized geriatric patients help reduce bacteriuria? J Hosp Infect 1987; 9:72-5. [PMID: 2880903 DOI: 10.1016/0195-6701(87)90098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A randomized prospective trial compared the effect on the bacterial flora of the urine of the instillation of chlorhexidine or of normal saline into the bladder of two groups of elderly patients with indwelling urinary catheters. There was no reduction in urinary bacterial count in either group of patients.
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