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Savarino P, Demeyer M, Decroo C, Colson E, Gerbaux P. Mass spectrometry analysis of saponins. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:954-983. [PMID: 34431118 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are amphiphilic molecules of pharmaceutical interest and most of their biological activities (i.e., cytotoxic, hemolytic, fungicide, etc.) are associated to their membranolytic properties. These molecules are secondary metabolites present in numerous plants and in some marine animals, such as sea cucumbers and starfishes. Structurally, all saponins correspond to the combination of a hydrophilic glycan, consisting of sugar chain(s), linked to a hydrophobic triterpenoidic or steroidic aglycone, named the sapogenin. Saponins present a high structural diversity and their structural characterization remains extremely challenging. Ideally, saponin structures are best established using nuclear magnetic resonance experiments conducted on isolated molecules. However, the extreme structural diversity of saponins makes them challenging from a structural analysis point of view since, most of the time, saponin extracts consist in a huge number of congeners presenting only subtle structural differences. In the present review, we wish to offer an overview of the literature related to the development of mass spectrometry for the study of saponins. This review will demonstrate that most of the past and current mass spectrometry methods, including electron, electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ionizations, gas/liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry, collision-induced dissociation including MS3 experiments, multiple reaction monitoring based quantification, ion mobility experiments, and so forth, have been used for saponin investigations with great success on enriched extracts but also directly on tissues using imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Savarino
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Biosciences Research Institute, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Marie Demeyer
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Biosciences Research Institute, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Corentin Decroo
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Biosciences Research Institute, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Colson
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Biosciences Research Institute, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Biosciences Research Institute, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
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2
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Meng W, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yang A, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wu W, Qiu Y, Li L. ZhenQi FuZheng formula inhibits the growth of colorectal tumors by modulating intestinal microflora-mediated immune function. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4769-4785. [PMID: 35680568 PMCID: PMC9217701 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zhenqi Fuzheng formula (ZQFZ), of which the main ingredients are Astragalus membranaceus and Ligustrum lucidum, has immune system regulatory functions and potential anti-tumor bioactivity. The inhibition of colorectal tumor growth by ZQFZ was analyzed in inflammatory cells and B6/JGpt-Apcem1Cin(MinC)/Gpt (ApcMin/+) mice. ZQFZ exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway-related proteins in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. After 56 days of treatment, ZQFZ alleviated the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and increased the body weight and thymic index values of the ApcMin/+ mice. An analysis of the intestinal microflora showed that ZQFZ affected the abundance of certain immune-related bacteria, which may explain its immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, the percentages of T cells and NK cells in peripheral blood were significantly increased and 15 immune-related cytokines were regulated in serum or the colon or both. ZQFZ upregulated the levels of CD4 and CD8 in the spleen and colorectal tumors and decreased the expression levels of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed death-ligand 1 in colorectal tumors. ZQFZ promoted an anti-tumor immune response and inhibited the occurrence and development of CRC by regulating the immune system. This study provides the experimental basis for the application of ZQFZ as a therapeutic agent for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Anhui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Wanyue Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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3
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Zhang F, Li L, Zhao JH, Ge XT, Gao H, Jia TZ. The Effects of Salt-Water Processing of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex on the Enhancement of Kidney Absorption of the Main Alkaloids. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221076218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phellodendri chinensis cortex (PC) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for clearing heat. It is often applied in the clinical practice by using the salt-water processing method. According to the theory of Chinese meteria medica processing, after being processed with salt-water, traditional Chinese medicine can increase absorption of the kidney and enhance the effects of kidney disease treatments, which can be abbreviated as “entering into kidney by processing with salt-water”. PC is a typical traditional Chinese medicine using the salt-water processing method. The resulting salt-water processed PC(SPC)can specifically enter the kidney meridian, as compared to raw PC (RPC), which enhances the kidney yin nourishing and purges away kidney fire. However, the effect of “entering into kidney by processing with salt-water” of PC has not been proven and its mechanism is unknown. Therefore, it is of great significance to compare the renal absorption effect of PC before and after salt-water processing and elucidate its mechanism. In this article, using the PC alkaloid content as an indicator, a human proximal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2 cell) experiment and the binding rate of alkaloids to lysozyme-kidney target enzyme was was conducted to simulate kidney absorption in vitro. These results were combined with an investigation of the alkaloid content in rat kidneys after a gavage of PC solution, comprehensively evaluating the difference in kidney absorption after salt-water processing. Compared with RPC, the efflux of SPC alkaloids in the HK-2 cell permeability experiment was significantly reduced, and affinity of the lysozyme-kidney target enzyme was higher. In addition, those who were given SPC had a higher alkaloid concentration in the kidneys than the RPC group. Finally, we verified enhanced kidney absorption effect of PC by salt-water processing, and to a certain extent revealed the mechanism of enhanced kidney absorption of SPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-hui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xiu-tong Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Tian-zhu Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
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Liu X, Xue Z, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhang M, Feng S. Comparative stomach tissue distribution profiles of four major bio-active components of Radix Astragali in normal and gastric ulcer mice. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e18524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bo Wang
- Lanzhou University, PR China; Gansu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Central Laboratory of Technical Center, P.R. of China
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Liu J, Liu Z, Wang L, He H, Mu H, Sun W, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Ma W, Zhang W, Fu M, Fan Y, Song X. Bioactivity-guided isolation of immunomodulatory compounds from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114079. [PMID: 33798661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruits of Ligustrum lucidum (FLL) W.T. Aiton (Oleaceae) is included in the 2020 "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic. In recent years, FLL has been reported to improve immune function, but the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of FLL remain poorly characterized. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify FFL compounds with strong immune activity and explore their molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 macrophages and proliferation activity of spleen lymphocytes were used to guide the isolation of bioactive compounds from FLL extracts. Lymphocyte subpopulations, Ca2+ concentrations, and surface molecule expression were analyzed using flow cytometry. Cytokine secretion was examined using ELISA. FITC-OVA uptake was observed using fluorescence microscopy. NF-κB activation was analyzed using western blotting. RESULTS The extraction and isolation produced ten compounds, namely oleuropeinic acid, nuezhenide, isonuezhenide, salidroside, isoligustrosidic acid, ligulucidumosides A, 8(E)-nuezhenide, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and p-hydroxyphenethyl 7-β-D-glucosideelenolic acid ester were isolated and identified from FLL-Bu-30%. Immunoactivity experiments showed that hydroxytyrosol had the strongest macrophage phagocytotic and lymphocyte proliferation-promoting activities. Further studies showed that hydroxytyrosol could significantly enhance lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+/CD8+, and CD3+CD4-CD8-, promote IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α secretion, and increase intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. In addition, the results from RAW264.7 macrophages showed that hydroxytyrosol increased FITC-OVA uptake, induced TNF-α and IL-1β production, upregulated MHC-II, CD80, and CD86 expression, promoted cytoplasmic IκB-α degradation, and increased nuclear NF-κB p65 levels. CONCLUSION Our study provides substantial evidence regarding the mechanism of the immunomodulatory effects of compounds from FLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Zengyuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Hao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Hailong Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
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Xue Z, Xu L, Shang Z, Shi X, Ye M, Qiao X. Discovery of minor quality evaluation marker compounds for Chinese patent medicine products using a two-leveled metabolomics strategy. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462354. [PMID: 34214834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are popularly used in clinical practice. Though the composition is complex, the quality of CPM is usually evaluated by the contents of a few main compounds. In this study, a two-leveled metabolomics strategy was proposed to discover minor marker compounds for different CPM products. Zhenqi Fuzheng (ZQFZ) granule was studied an example, where 15 batches from 3 producers were analyzed. The samples were separated using UHPLC on an Acquity UPLC® HSS T3 column, and then detected using Q-Orbitrap-MS. In the first level, 1475 common peaks were extracted and 95 compounds were identified using diagnostic ions and a homemade database. In the second level, the data were subjected to a two-way hierarchical clustering analysis and screened by variable importance value. In total 14 marker compounds were discovered which were responsible for the grouping of different ZQFZ products. Echinacoside (22), oleoside (13), loganic acid (5), salidroside (7), ligustrosidic acid (42), 6α-hydroxygeniposide (28), and oleoside 11-methyl ester (15) could be used to reflect the quality difference for ZQFZ granule products. The proposed strategy could also contribute to the discovery of quality control markers for other CPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhanpeng Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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7
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Kong X, Liu C, Lu P, Guo Y, Zhao C, Yang Y, Bo Z, Wang F, Peng Y, Meng J. Combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Mechanism of Qizhen Decoction in the Treatment of Colon Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14341-14360. [PMID: 34124457 PMCID: PMC8190929 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been utilized for the treatment of colon cancer. Qizhen decoction (QZD), a potential compound prescription of TCM, possesses multiple biological activities. It has been proven clinically effective in the treatment of colon cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of anticolon cancer activity is still not clear. This study aimed to identify the chemical composition of QZD. Furthermore, a collaborative analysis strategy of network pharmacology and cell biology was used to further explore the critical signaling pathway of QZD anticancer activity. First, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was performed to identify the chemical composition of QZD. Then, the chemical composition database of QZD was constructed based on a systematic literature search and review of chemical constituents. Moreover, the common and indirect targets of chemical components of QZD and colon cancer were searched by multiple databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the String database (https://www.string-db.org/). All of the targets were analyzed by Gene Oncology (GO) bioanalysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and the visual network topology diagram of "Prescription-TCM-Chemical composition-Direct target-Indirect target-Pathway" was constructed by Cytoscape software (v3.7.1). The top molecular pathway ranked by statistical significance was further verified by molecular biology methods. The results of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS showed that QZD had 111 kinds of chemical components, of which 103 were unique components and 8 were common components. Ten pivotal targets of QZD in the treatment of colon cancer were screened by the PPI network. Targets of QZD involve many biological processes, such as the signaling pathway, immune system, gene expression, and so on. QZD may interfere with biological pathways such as cell replication, oxygen-containing compounds, or organic matter by protein binding, regulation of signal receptors or enzyme binding, and affect cytoplasm and membrane-bound organelles. The main antitumor core pathways were the apoptosis metabolic pathway, the PI3K-Akt signal pathway, and so on. Expression of the PI3K-Akt signal pathway was significantly downregulated after the intervention of QZD, which was closely related to the inhibition of proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by cell biology methods. The present work may facilitate a better understanding of the effective components, therapeutic targets, biological processes, and signaling pathways of QZD in the treatment of colon cancer and provide useful information about the utilization of QZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Kong
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- School
of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University
of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzhu Guo
- Department
of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhichao Bo
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyan Meng
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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An integrated approach to reveal the chemical changes of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus during wine steaming processing. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113667. [PMID: 33181428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) is a traditional Chinese medicine to treat osteopathic and hepatic diseases. Wine steaming is the major processing method for LLF in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, but the chemical changes involved are still unclear. In this study, a research strategy was proposed to reveal the chemical changes during wine steaming processing of LLF. Firstly, in total 104 compounds were tentatively identified using UHPLC/Orbitrap-MS. Secondly, potential chemical changes were revealed by comparing the peak areas of the 104 compounds between LLF and the corresponding wine-steamed LLF (WLLF). The results indicated that iridoid and phenylethanoid esters were readily hydrolyzed during wine steaming processing, while organic acids, flavonoids, and triterpenes were stable. Finally, 7 selected compounds were simultaneously determined in 21 batches of LLF/WLLF samples using a 10-min UPLC/UV method. The contents of 4 esters decreased from 3.64% to 2.71%, and the contents of 3 potential hydrolysis products increased from 0.27% to 0.88% after processing. Our study indicated that hydrolysis of iridoid and phenylethanoid esters such as specneuzhenide was responsible for the chemical changes during the wine processing of LLF. The proposed strategy could be employed to investigate the chemical changes of other herbs during processing.
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Zhou H, He Y, Zheng Z, Liu Z, Song F, Liu S. Quantitative analysis and pharmacokinetic comparison of multiple bioactive components in rat plasma after oral administration of Qi-Shen-Ke-Li formula and its single-herb extracts using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4959. [PMID: 32726460 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Qi-Shen-Ke-Li (QSKL), a traditional Chinese formula prepared from six herbs, has long been used for the treatment of coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure. However, the herbal combination mechanism and underlying material basis of this multi-herbal formula are not clear. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to simultaneously determine multiple bioactive compounds in QSKL was established and validated. Using the developed method, 18 bioactive components in rat plasma after oral administration of QSKL formula and its single herb extracts were quantified. Based on these results, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters (T1/2 , Tmax , Cmax , AUC0-48h , and AUC0-∞ ) of the 18 bioactive components were analyzed and compared using PKSlover 2.0 PK software. The experimental data suggested that significant changes in PK profiles were observed between the QSKL formula and its single-herb extracts. The herbal combination in QSKL significantly influences the system exposure and the PK behaviors of the 18 bioactive components, indicating multicomponent interactions among the herbs. This study provides insight into the herbal combination mechanism and underlying material basis of the QSKL formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yang He
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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10
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Liu Y, Liu J, Wu KX, Guo XR, Tang ZH. A rapid method for sensitive profiling of bioactive triterpene and flavonoid from Astragalus mongholicus and Astragalus membranaceus by ultra-pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1085:110-118. [PMID: 29649754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus is one of the most popular Chinese herbal. Control of Astragalus quantity is most important, since that various varieties and ages largely affect bioactive metabolites and different pharmacological effects. Astragalus mongholicus and Astragalus membranaceus are both major sources of Astragalus according to the provisions in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Thus, a sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of l-Phenylalanine, Isoliquiritigenin, Liquiritigenin, Daidzein, Formononetin, Ononin, Calycosin, Calycosin-7-glucoside, Cycloastragenol, Astragaloside I, Astragaloside II, Astragaloside III and Astragaloside IV was established in this study. The detection was accomplished by MRM scanning in the positive ionization mode. Calibration curves offered linear ranges with r2 > 0.999. The method was successfully validated for the linearity, intra-day and inter day precisions, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability. Then this method was successfully applied to detect the contents of 13 target flavonoids and triterpenoids metabolites in different organs and ages of A. mongholicus and A. membranaceus. Significant organs-, ages- and varieties- specificity of the 13 target metabolites were observed and discussed. The results provided basis and support for further exploration of the distribution of bioactive metabolites, namely flavonoids and triterpenoids, in different organs and ages of two Astragalus varieties. This method should be applicable to various Astragalus matrices for the quantitative analysis of the target flavonoids and triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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11
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Liu Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Abozeid A, Tang ZH. Simultaneous determination of six active metabolites in Astragalus mongholicus (Fisch.) Bge. under salt stress by ultra-pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:927. [PMID: 27386371 PMCID: PMC4927545 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao (A. mongholicus, family Leguminosae) is one of the most important traditional Chinese herbs because it contains lots of bioactive metabolites, which have beneficial and pharmacological effects on health. Simultaneously, it has been proved to be a salt-tolerant plant-one of the potential species to control the soil salinization. Therefore, a sensitive and specific ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of six main bioactive metabolites, astragaloside IV, cycloastragenol, calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, calycosin, ononin and formononetin in different organs of A. mongholicus. The detection was accomplished by multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning via electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ionization mode. Calibration curves offered linear ranges of two orders of magnitude with R(2) > 0.99. The method was fully validated for the linearity, intra-day and inter day precisions, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability. Then this method was successfully applied to detect the content of major bioactive metabolites in different plant organs of A. mongholicus under salt stress. Significant variations in the content of six bioactive metabolites were observed after been processed by different levels of salinity in different part of plant. The results support for further exploration of the salt-tolerant mechanisms in A. mongholicus and its possibility as the species that control the soil salinization. Meanwhile, we established a UPLC-MS/MS assay of the trace components in seedling of A. mongholicus in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Ann Abozeid
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom, 32511 Egypt
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
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Liu XH, Guo L, Yang YL, Hu F, Chen XY, Feng SL. Development and Validation of a Rapid and Simple UPLC-ESI-MS Method for Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Astragaloside III in Rats. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:811-8. [PMID: 26931734 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and simple ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) method for the determination of astragaloside III was developed and used in a pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study in rats following the oral administration 95% ethanol extraction of Zhenqi Fuzheng capsules. Although astragaloside III and astragaloside IV have the same molecular weight and very similar structures, they were successfully separated using this method. Quantification was performed using low-energy collision tandem mass spectrometry (CID-MS-MS) with the multiple reaction monitoring scan mode of the following precursor ion → product ion atm/z807.61→335.22 for astragaloside III and atm/z633.18→331.18 for the internal standard (hesperidin). Both astragaloside III and astragaloside IV in rat plasma were best fit to a two-compartment model. The tissue distribution study showed the overall trend of disposition of astragaloside III were C thymus > C spleen > C stomach > C liver > C heart > C kidney > C lung > C testicle The high levels of astragaloside III in thymus and spleen indicated an accumulation in organs involved in immune responses and showed that these organs are major target sites in vivo The results in the article will provide valuable information for use in clinical applications of astragaloside III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggangxi Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggangxi Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Lai Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggangxi Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggangxi Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggangxi Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Lan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggangxi Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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