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de Paula Meirelles G, Pereira E Silva J, Paranhos BAPB, Yonamine M. Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the evaluation of maternal-fetal exposure to cocaine employing human umbilical cord tissue. J Anal Toxicol 2024; 48:263-272. [PMID: 38551067 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Illicit drug use is a serious and complex public health problem, not only due to the severity of the health damage but also to the social implications, such as marginalization and drug trafficking. Currently, cocaine (COC) is among the most abused drugs worldwide with about 22 million users. Drug abuse has also been found in women during the pregnancy period, which has shed light on a new group for epidemiology. The diagnosis of COC use in these cases usually depends largely on the mother's reports, which in several cases omit or deny consumption. Therefore, considering physical-chemical methods of sample preparation and exposure biomarkers, the development of analytic toxicological methods can help to confirm drug use during pregnancy. Thus, the objective of the present work was to develop an analytical method based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of COC analytes, using umbilical cord tissue as an alternative biological matrix, and detection by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Therefore, after optimization, the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method was fully validated for quantification of COC, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, ecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester and norcocaine. The limits of detection were between 15 and 25 ng/g, the limits of quantification were 30 ng/g for ecgonine and 25 ng/g for the other analytes. Linearity ranged from the limits of quantification to 1,000 ng/g. Coefficients of variation for intra-assay precision were <18.5%, inter-assay was <8.75% and bias was <16.4% for all controls. The developed method was applied in 10 suspected positive samples, based on the mother's report and maternal urine screening and confirmation. COC, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester were quantified in four umbilical cords with concentrations that ranged from 39.6 to 420.5 ng/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Paula Meirelles
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Pereira E Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Aparecida Passos Bismara Paranhos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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Sánchez-Sellero I, Cabarcos-Fernández P, Jaureguízar-Rodríguez ME, Álvarez-Freire I, Tabernero-Duque MJ, Bermejo-Barrera AM. Development and Validation of a Sonication-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Procedure and an HPLC-PDA Method for Quantitative Determination of Zolpidem in Human Plasma and Its Application to Forensic Samples. Molecules 2024; 29:2490. [PMID: 38893365 PMCID: PMC11173445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of z-drugs has increased worldwide since its introduction. Although the prescribing patterns of hypnotics differ among countries, zolpidem is the most widely used z-drug in the world. Zolpidem may be involved in poisoning and deaths. A simple and fast HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated. Zolpidem and the internal standard chloramphenicol were extracted from plasma using a sonication-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure. The method was validated including selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery. The calibration range (0.15-0.6 µg/mL) covers therapeutic and toxic levels of zolpidem in plasma. The limit of quantification was set at 0.15 µg/mL. Intra- and interday accuracy and precision values were lower than 15% at the concentration levels studied. Excellent recovery results were obtained for all concentrations. The proposed method was successfully applied to ten real postmortem plasma samples. In our series, multiple substances (alcohol and/or other drugs) were detected in most cases of death involving zolpidem. Our analytical method is suitable for routine toxicological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Cabarcos-Fernández
- Forensic Toxicology Service, Forensic Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (I.S.-S.); (M.E.J.-R.); (I.Á.-F.); (M.J.T.-D.); (A.M.B.-B.)
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3
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Bello W, Pezzatti J, Rudaz S, Sadeghipour F. Development of a generic sample preparation method using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the monitoring of leachable compounds in hospital pharmacy-prepared prefilled drug products. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1697-1707. [PMID: 38421023 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02234j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Performant sample preparation is mandatory in any leachable study to clean and preconcentrate analytes within the sample to offer the best possible extraction recovery as well the best precision for any given substance. The aim consists in developing a sample preparation method for hospital pharmacy-prepared drug products such as long-term storage prefilled syringes, vials and IV bags for the screening of leachable compounds. The Quality Control Laboratory of the Pharmacy of the Lausanne University Hospital (Switzerland) has developed a time- and cost-effective, highly sensitive, robust, and fast method using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for the analysis of 205 plastic additives. An innovative setup, based on postcolumn infusion (PCI) using 2% ammonium hydroxide in methanol was used to boost the signal intensity of the analytes in MS detection. A database for extractable and leachable trace assessment (DELTA) was built to assist in the screening process of 205 plastic packaging-related compounds. The development of the sample preparation was based on 33 plastic additive candidates in different hospital pharmacy compounding solutions, and their extraction recovery rates as well as their relative standard deviation were taken into consideration. In conclusion, the developed DLLME was assigned with ultrasound assistance and triple extraction, which brought about extraction recovery rates between 67% and 92%, a good RSD <10%, and a preconcentration factor of 50×. Therefore, DLLME could be considered suitable for the semiquantitative screening of leachable additives in simple hospital pharmacy-prepared prefilled drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bello
- Pharmacy Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julian Pezzatti
- Pharmacy Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Center of Applied Human Toxicology (SCATH), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Farshid Sadeghipour
- Pharmacy Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Singh A, Majumder A, Saidulu D, Bhattacharya A, Bhatnagar A, Gupta AK. Oxidative treatment of micropollutants present in wastewater: A special emphasis on transformation products, their toxicity, detection, and field-scale investigations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120339. [PMID: 38401495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Micropollutants have become ubiquitous in aqueous environments due to the increased use of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and other compounds. In this review, the removal of micropollutants from aqueous matrices using various advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, sulfate radical-based AOPs, ozonation, and Fenton-based processes has been comprehensively discussed. Most of the compounds were successfully degraded with an efficiency of more than 90%, resulting in the formation of transformation products (TPs). In this respect, degradation pathways with multiple mechanisms, including decarboxylation, hydroxylation, and halogenation, have been illustrated. Various techniques for the analysis of micropollutants and their TPs have been discussed. Additionally, the ecotoxicity posed by these TPs was determined using the toxicity estimation software tool (T.E.S.T.). Finally, the performance and cost-effectiveness of the AOPs at the pilot scale have been reviewed. The current review will help in understanding the treatment efficacy of different AOPs, degradation pathways, and ecotoxicity of TPs so formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Singh
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Duduku Saidulu
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Animesh Bhattacharya
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli FI-50130, Finland
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Tay KSJ, See HH. Recent Advances in Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38165816 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2299280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Sample clean-up and pre-concentration are critical components of pharmaceutical analysis. The dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique is widely recognized as the most effective approach for enhancing overall detection sensitivity. While various DLLME modes have been advanced in pharmaceutical analysis, there need to be more discussions on pre-concentration techniques specifically developed for this field. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the different DLLME modes used in pharmaceutical analysis from 2017 to May 2023. The review covers the principles of DLLME, the factors affecting microextraction, the selected applications of different DLLME modes, and their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it focuses on multi-extraction strategies employed for pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sze Jie Tay
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
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6
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Mansour FR, Abdallah IA, Bedair A, Hamed M. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Quercetin and Quercetin Glycosides in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37898879 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2269421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant-derived compounds that have several health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic effects. Quercetin is a flavonoid that is widely present in various fruits, vegetables, and drinks. Accurate determination of quercetin in different samples is of great importance for its potential health benefits. This review, is an overview of sample preparation and determination methods for quercetin in diverse matrices. Previous research on sample preparation and determination methods for quercetin are summarized, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each method and providing insights into recent developments in quercetin sample treatment. Various analytical techniques are discussed including spectroscopic, chromatographic, electrophoretic, and electrochemical methods for the determination of quercetin and its derivatives in different samples. UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-visible) spectrophotometry is simple and inexpensive but lacks selectivity. Chromatographic techniques (HPLC, GC) offer selectivity and sensitivity, while electrophoretic and electrochemical methods provide high resolution and low detection limits, respectively. The aim of this review is to comprehensively explore the determination methods for quercetin and quercetin glycosides in diverse matrices, with emphasis on pharmaceutical and biological samples. The review also provides a theoretical basis for method development and application for the analysis of quercetin and quercetin glycosides in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotouh R Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Monufia, Egypt
| | - Alaa Bedair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Monufia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hamed
- School of Information Technology and Computer Science (ITCS), Nile University, Giza, Egypt
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Devi M, Moral R, Thakuria S, Mitra A, Paul S. Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents as Greener Substitutes for Conventional Extraction Media: Examples and Techniques. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9702-9728. [PMID: 36969397 PMCID: PMC10034849 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are multicomponent designer solvents that exist as stable liquids over a wide range of temperatures. Over the last two decades, research has been dedicated to developing noncytotoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible DESs to replace commercially available toxic organic solvents. However, most of the DESs formulated until now are hydrophilic and disintegrate via dissolution on coming in contact with the aqueous phase. To expand the repertoire of DESs as green solvents, hydrophobic DESs (HDESs) were prepared as an alternative. The hydrophobicity is a consequence of the constituents and can be modified according to the nature of the application. Due to their immiscibility, HDESs induce phase segregation in an aqueous solution and thus can be utilized as an extracting medium for a multitude of compounds. Here, we review literature reporting the usage of HDESs for the extraction of various organic compounds and metal ions from aqueous solutions and absorption of gases like CO2. We also discuss the techniques currently employed in the extraction processes. We have delineated the limitations that might reduce the applicability of these solvents and also discussed examples of how DESs behave as reaction media. Our review presents the possibility of HDESs being used as substitutes for conventional organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sandip Paul
- . Phone: +91-361-2582321. Fax: +91-361-2582349
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8
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Qin Y, Wang RQ, Xing RR, Yang L, Chen X, Hu S. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on a supramolecular solvent followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of lignans in Forsythiae Fructus. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200719. [PMID: 36597011 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A supramolecular solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was proposed for the extraction and determination of lignans in Forsythiae Fructus combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. The supramolecular solvent, consisting of tetrabutylammonium bromide and n-hexanol, was mixed with the sample solution to extract the analytes by a vortex. After accomplishing the extraction, the extraction phase was separated by centrifugation and collected for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. In this work, the important extraction variables such as the type and amount of extraction solvent, pH and salt amount in the sample phase, and extraction time were optimized. The synthesis of supramolecular solvent was studied and its microstructure was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Under the optimal conditions, the analytes' enrichment factors were between 6 and 170 for the proposed procedure. Satisfactory linear ranges (r ≥ 0.99), detection limits (0.025-0.4 ng/ml), precisions (< 9.2%), and accuracies (recoveries: 96.5%-104.8%) were obtained. The method has been successfully applied to the preconcentration of lignans in Forsythiae Fructus with simple and rapid operation, low cost, and environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Run-Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Rong Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
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9
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Abdelaziz MA, Saleh AM, Mansour FR, Danielson ND. A Gadolinium-Based Magnetic Ionic Liquid for Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Ivermectin from Environmental Water. J Chromatogr Sci 2022:6931730. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The recently introduced gadolinium-based magnetic ionic liquid (Gd-MIL) has been exploited as an extractant in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) for preconcentration of ivermectin (IVR) from water samples followed by analysis using reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 245 nm. The utilized Gd-MIL extractant is hydrophobic with markedly high magnetic susceptibility. These features result in an efficient extraction of the lipophilic analyte and facilitate the phase separation under the influence of a strong magnetic field, thus promoting the method sensitivity and increasing the potential for automation. To maximize the IVR enrichment by DLLME, the procedure was optimized for extractant mass, dispersive solvent type/volume, salt addition and diluent pH. At optimized conditions, an enrichment factor approaching 70 was obtained with 4.0-mL sample sizes. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity and limit of quantitation. The method was successfully applied to the determination of IVR in river water samples with a mean relative recovery of 97.3% at a spiked concentration of 400 ng/mL. Compared with other reported methods, this approach used a simpler procedure with improved precision, lower amounts of safer solvents and a short analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, OH 45056 , USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University , Kafrelsheikh 33511 , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University , Jadidah 34518 , Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University , 31111 Tanta , Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University , 31111 Tanta , Egypt
| | - Neil D Danielson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, OH 45056 , USA
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Ndilimeke AM, Dimpe KM, Nomngongo PN. Vortex-assisted supramolecular solvent dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of ketoprofen and naproxen from environmental water before chromatographic analysis: response surface methodology optimisation. J Anal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-022-00361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA microextraction procedure that is rapid and simple to extract and preconcentrate ketoprofen and naproxen is proposed. An environmentally friendly supramolecular solvent was applied as an extraction solvent and proved to be efficient in the extraction of ketoprofen and naproxen from environmental water. The design of experiment approach was used to screen, optimize significant parameters, and determine optimum experimental conditions. Under optimized experimental conditions, the vortex-assisted supramolecular solvent dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction provided a good linearity (0.57–700 µg L−1), low limits of detection (0.17–0.24 µg L−1) and extraction reproducibility below 9%. The high percentage relative recoveries (93.6–101.4%) indicated that the method is not affected by matrix. The practical applicability of the method was assessed by analysing ketoprofen and naproxen in river water and effluent wastewater samples. Both analytes were found in effluent wastewater.
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Kannouma RE, Hammad MA, Kamal AH, Mansour FR. Miniaturization of Liquid-Liquid extraction; the barriers and the enablers. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Cabarcos-Fernández P, Álvarez-Freire I, Tabernero-Duque M, Bermejo-Barrera A. Quantitative determination of clozapine in plasma using an environmentally friendly technique. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Overview of Different Modes and Applications of Liquid Phase-Based Microextraction Techniques. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid phase-based microextraction techniques (LPµETs) have attracted great attention from the scientific community since their invention and implementation mainly due to their high efficiency, low solvent and sample amount, enhanced selectivity and precision, and good reproducibility for a wide range of analytes. This review explores the different possibilities and applications of LPμETs including dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and single-drop microextraction (SDME), highlighting its two main approaches, direct immersion-SDME and headspace-SDME, hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) in its two- and three-phase device modes using the donor–acceptor interactions, and electro membrane extraction (EME). Currently, these LPμETs are used in very different areas of interest, from the environment to food and beverages, pharmaceutical, clinical, and forensic analysis. Several important potential applications of each technique will be reported, highlighting its advantages and drawbacks. Moreover, the use of alternative and efficient “green” extraction solvents including nanostructured supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs, deep eutectic solvents (DES), and ionic liquids (ILs)) will be discussed.
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Salt-Induced Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Piroxicam and Meloxicam from Human Urine Prior to Their Determination by HPLC-DAD. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A salt-induced homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction (SI-HLLME) protocol combined with high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection is presented for the first time for the determination of piroxicam and meloxicam in human urine. The main parameters affecting the performance of the sample preparation protocol were optimized by means of a two-step experimental design (i.e., 2-level fractional factorial design and Box–Behnken design). Following its optimization, the proposed method was thoroughly validated in terms of the total error concept in order to take into consideration the random and systematic errors. For the target analytes, accuracy profiles were constructed, and they were used as graphical decision-making tools. In all cases, the β-expectation tolerance intervals complied with the acceptance criteria of ±15%, proving that 95% of future results will fall within the defined bias limits. The limits of detection were 0.02 μg mL−1 and 0.03 μg mL−1 for piroxicam and meloxicam, respectively. The relative standard deviations were lower than 4.4% in all cases, and the mean relative biases ranged between −5.7 and 3.4% for both drugs. The proposed scheme is simple and rapid, while it is characterized by high sample throughput. Moreover, SI-HLLME requires reduced sample and reagent consumption, according to the requirements of Green Analytical Chemistry.
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Hassan AA, Tanimu A, Alhooshani K. Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction of Pharmaceutical Drugs from Wastewater and Human Urine Using (Z)-Octadec-9-en-1-aminium tetrachloroferrate (III) Ionic Liquid and Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Kamal AH, Hammad MA, Kannouma RE, Mansour FR. Response surface optimization of a vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for highly sensitive determination of repaglinide in environmental water by HPLC/UV. BMC Chem 2022; 16:33. [PMID: 35568922 PMCID: PMC9107645 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, mated to chemometrics and combined with HPLC/UV detection was optimized and validated for enrichment and determination of repaglinide in environmental samples using nateglinide as an internal standard (IS). A phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 2.5): acetonitrile (45:55, v/v) was used as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 1 mL/min in an isocratic elution mode. Chemometrics-assisted optimization was performed using a quadratic integrated d-optimal design. The developed model assessed the statistical significance of the independent variables and their interactions to attain the optimum conditions revealing that extractant type, extractant volume and pH are the most influential factors. Optimization of the extraction procedures was performed with the aid of Design Expert 8® software, which suggested 58 different experiments. The optimal conditions were 30 µL of 1-octanol as extractant, 100 µL of acetonitrile as a disperser at pH 8. Under the optimized conditions, the method showed linearity over the range of 1–100 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.4 ng/mL. The accuracy, the intra- and inter-day precision were assessed, the %recoveries were found to be between 98.48 and 100.81% with %RSD lower than 1.3. Using chemometrics in method optimization helped achieve the maximum possible enrichment with the least effort, time, and reagents while considering all possible interactions between variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira H Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hammad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Tanta, 32958, Egypt
| | - Reham E Kannouma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Tanta, 32958, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt. .,Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, Tanta, 31111, Egypt.
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17
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Isazad M, Amirzehni M, Akhgari M. Highly efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction assisted by magnetic porous carbon composite-based dispersive micro solid-phase extraction for determination of tramadol and methadone in urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Isazad M, Amirzehni M, Akhgari M. Highly efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction assisted by magnetic porous carbon composite-based dispersive micro solid-phase extraction for determination of tramadol and methadone in urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Yakupova ZR, Lebedinets SA, Vakh KS, Garmonov SY, Bulatov AV. Microextraction of 17-β-Estradiol from Medicinal Preparations for the Subsequent Determination by HPLC-UV. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Abdallah IA, Hammad SF, Bedair A, Abdelaziz MA, Danielson ND, Elshafeey AH, Mansour FR. A Gadolinium-Based Magnetic Ionic Liquid for Supramolecular Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by HPLC/UV for Determination of Favipiravir in Human Plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5365. [PMID: 35274347 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Favipiravir is a potential antiviral medication that has been recently licensed for COVID-19 treatment. In this work, a gadolinium based magnetic ionic liquid was prepared and used as an extractant in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) of favipiravir in human plasma. The high enriching ability of DLLME allowed determination of favipiravir in real samples using HPLC/UV with sufficient sensitivity. The effects of several variables on extraction efficiency were investigated, including type of extractant, amount of extractant, type of disperser and disperser volume. The maximum enrichment was attained using 50mg of the Gd-MIL and 150μL of tetrahydrofuran. The Gd-based MIL could form a supramolecular assembly in the presence of tetrahydrofuran, which enhanced the extraction efficiency of favipiravir. The developed method was validated according to FDA bioanalytical method validation guidelines. The coefficient of determination was found to be 0.9999, for a linear concentration range of 25 to 1.0 × 105 ng/mL. The percent recovery (accuracy) varied from 99.83 to 104.2 %, with % RSD values (precision) ranging from 4.07 to 11.84 %. Total extraction time was about 12 min and the HPLC analysis time was 5 min. The method was found simple, selective and sensitive for determination of favipiravir in real human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Sherin F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Alaa Bedair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Neil D Danielson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Ahmed H Elshafeey
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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21
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Wang XP, Wang RQ, Pan XY, Xing RR, Yang L, Chen X, Hu S. Preconcentration of liposoluble constituents in Salvia Miltiorrhiza using acid-assisted liquid phase microextraction based on a switchable deep eutectic solvent. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1666:462858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Ingle RG, Zeng S, Jiang H, Fang WJ. Current development of bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:517-529. [PMID: 36105159 PMCID: PMC9463481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is considered as the bottleneck step in bioanalysis because each biological matrix has its own unique challenges and complexity. Competent sample preparation to extract the desired analytes and remove redundant components is a crucial step in each bioanalytical approach. The matrix effect is a key hurdle in bioanalytical sample preparation, which has gained extensive consideration. Novel sample preparation techniques have advantages over classical techniques in terms of accuracy, automation, ease of sample preparation, storage, and shipment and have become increasingly popular over the past decade. Our objective is to provide a broad outline of current developments in various bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in chromatographic and spectroscopic examinations. In addition, how these techniques have gained considerable attention over the past decade in bioanalytical research is mentioned with preferred examples. Modern trends in bioanalytical sample preparation techniques, including sorbent-based microextraction techniques, are primarily emphasized. Bioanalytical sampling techniques are described with suitable applications in pharmaceuticals. The pros and cons of each bioanalytical sampling techniques are described. Relevant biological matrices are outlined.
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23
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Determination of favipiravir in human plasma using homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction followed by HPLC/UV. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:205-216. [PMID: 35001648 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Favipiravir is an antiviral drug that was recently approved for the management of COVID-19 infection. Aim: This work aimed to develop a new method, using sugaring-out induced homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction followed by HPLC/UV for the determination of favipiravir in human plasma. Materials & methods: The optimum extraction conditions were attained using 500 μl of tetrahydrofuran as an extractant and 1400 mg of fructose as a phase-separating agent. Results: The developed method was validated according to the US FDA bioanalytical guidelines and was found linear in the range of 25-80,000 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. Conclusion: These results showed that the developed method was simple, easy, valid and adequately sensitive for determination of favipiravir in plasma for bioequivalence studies.
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24
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Fattahi N, Shamsipur M, Nematifar Z, Babajani N, Moradi M, Soltani S, Akbari S. Novel deep eutectic solvent-based liquid phase microextraction for the extraction of estrogenic compounds from environmental samples. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14467-14476. [PMID: 35702212 PMCID: PMC9105635 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01754g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones, such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17β-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and estriol (E3) are a group of lipophilic active substances, synthesized biologically from cholesterol or chemically. A pH-switchable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based liquid phase microextraction (DES-LPME) technique was established and combined with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for the determination of estrogenic compounds in environmental water and wastewater samples. A DES was synthesized using l-menthol as HBA and (1S)-(+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (CSA) as HBD, and used as a green extraction solvent. By adjusting the pH of the solution, the unique behavior of the DES in the phase transition and extraction of the desired analytes was investigated. The homogenization process of the mixture is done only by manual shaking in less than 30 seconds and the phase separation is done only by changing the pH and without centrifugation. Some effective parameters on the extraction and derivatization, such as molar ratio of DES components, DES volume, KOH concentration, HCl volume, salt addition, extraction and derivatization time and derivatization prior or after extraction were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, relative standard deviation (RSD) values for intra-day and inter-day of the method based on 7 replicate measurements of 20 ng L−1 of estrogenic compounds and 10 ng L−1 for internal standard in different samples were in the range of 2.2–4.6% and 3.9–5.7%, respectively. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.5–100 ng L−1 and the limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.2–1.0 ng L−1. The relative recoveries of environmental water and wastewater samples which have been spiked with different levels of target compounds were 91.0–108.8%. A pH-switchable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based liquid phase microextraction (DES-LPME) technique was established and combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy for the determination of estrogenic compounds in environmental samples.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shamsipur
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ziba Nematifar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasrin Babajani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Moradi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahin Soltani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Akbari
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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25
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Yan M, Gao F, Chen M, Hu Q, Yang Y, Chen K, Wang P, Lei H, Ma Q. Synergistic Combination of Facile Thiol-Maleimide Derivatization and Supramolecular Solvent-Based Microextraction for UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of Glutathione in Biofluids. Front Chem 2021; 9:786627. [PMID: 34957048 PMCID: PMC8695729 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.786627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol in biofluids, enabling diverse physiological functions. Among the proposed methods for GSH detection, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has the advantages of high sensitivity and efficiency. In this study, a novel analytical method was developed for the determination of GSH using supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS)-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and UHPLC–HRMS. N-Laurylmaleimide was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, which served three functions: 1) precipitate the proteins present in the biofluid sample, 2) provide a reaction environment for derivatization, and 3) enable the use of SUPRAS as the dispersing agent. Critical parameters were optimized based on single factor testing and response surface methodology. The established method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and successful quantitative analysis of GSH in saliva, urine, and plasma samples. Experimental results showed that SUPRAS as an extraction solvent was particularly suitable for the extraction of GSH from complex matrices. The current study provides a useful tool for accurate measurements of GSH concentrations, which could potentially be used for clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kedian Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
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26
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A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic droplet for determination of antiviral agents in environmental water using HPLC/UV. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Wang Y, Li J, Sun D, Yang S, Liu H, Chen L. Strategies of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for coastal zone environmental pollutant determination. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1658:462615. [PMID: 34656846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coastal zone means the interface of land and sea, and therefore, environmental pollutants steaming from land-based activities (like manufactories) and sea-based activities (like shipping) are all existing in coastal zone. These pollutants usually have characteristics of low residues, complicated matrices, easy accumulation and so on, causing difficulty to detect coastal pollutants quickly and sensitively. It is imperative to perform effective sample preparation prior to instrumental analysis. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has attracted significant research interest for sample preparation, owing to its high enrichment ability, low reagent/sample consumption, and wide analyte/matrix applicability, as well as robustness, simplicity, rapidity and inexpensiveness. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent advancements of DLLME technology and its analytical parameters including enrichment principles, extraction modes, and practical application; the emphasis is on novel mode-construction and representative coastal-environmental pollutants extraction. Construction strategies are highlighted by classifying DLLME into five major modes, according to extractant's types, including normal ones, low density solvents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents and others. The coupling of DLLME with other extraction techniques like solid-phase extraction is also briefly introduced. The strengths and weaknesses of each strategy and its rationality are also elaborated. In addition, some typical applications of the different DLLME modes for the determination of organic compounds and heavy metals in coastal water, sediment, soil, and biota are summarized. The increasingly concerned green aspects and instrumentation of DLLME are presented, and finally, the challenges and perspectives of the DLLME for environmental analysis are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dani Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shixuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Huitao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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28
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Habib A, Mabrouk MM, Fekry M, Mansour FR. Glycerol as a novel green mobile phase modifier for reversed phase liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Nagler J, Schriever SC, Romanov A, Vogt-Weisenhorn D, Wurst W, Pfluger PT, Schramm KW. Determination of morphine and norlaudanosoline in murine brain regions by dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and liquid chromatograpy-electrochemical detection. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105174. [PMID: 34474098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Morphine can be synthesized endogenously by mammals from dopamine via the intermediate norlaudanosoline. Previously, both compounds have been detected separately in whole brains of mice and brain regions of rats, and in urine of humans. Here, we report a novel method for the analysis of both compounds in single murine brain regions. Initially, a variant of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was established by using methanol as an extractant, cyclohexane as solvent, and tributylphosphate as disperser. The extraction method was applied to murine brain regions homogenized with perchloric acid while the subsequent detection was carried out by HPLC with electrochemical detection. In the thalamus of C57Bl/6J mice (n = 3, male, age 4-8 months), morphine and norlaudanosoline could be detected at levels of 19 ± 3.9 and 7.2 ± 2.3 pg/mg, respectively. Overall, we provide a novel method for the simultaneous extraction and detection of both morphine and norlaudanosoline in single murine brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Nagler
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit NeuroBioloy of Diabetes (NBD), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Artem Romanov
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Vogt-Weisenhorn
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technichal University Munich Weihenstephan, Developmental Genetics c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technichal University Munich Weihenstephan, Developmental Genetics c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit NeuroBioloy of Diabetes (NBD), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technichal University Munich, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350, Freising, Germany
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30
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Hammad SF, Abdallah IA, Bedair A, Mansour FR. Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction as an alternative sample preparation technique for biomedical analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:185-209. [PMID: 34472701 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction is a widely used technique of sample preparation in biomedical analysis. In spite of the high pre-concentration capacities of liquid-liquid extraction, it suffers from a number of limitations including time and effort consumption, large organic solvent utilization, and poor performance in highly polar analytes. Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction is an alternative sample preparation technique that overcomes some drawbacks of conventional liquid-liquid extraction, and allows employing greener organic solvents in sample treatment. In homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction, a homogeneous phase is formed between the aqueous sample and the water-miscible extractant, followed by chemically or physically induced phase separation. To form the homogeneous phase, aqueous samples are mixed with water-miscible organic solvents, water-immiscible solvents/cosolvents, surfactants, or smart polymers. Then, phase separation is induced chemically (adding salt, sugar, or buffer) or physically (changing temperature or pH). This mode is rapid, sustainable, and cost-effective in comparison with other sample preparation techniques. Moreover, homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction is more suitable for the extraction of delicate macromolecules such as enzymes, hormones, and proteins and it is more compatible with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, which is a vital technique in metabolomics and proteomics. In this review, the principle, types, applications, automation, and technical aspects of homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Alaa Bedair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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31
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Thakur A, Tan Z, Kameyama T, El-Khateeb E, Nagpal S, Malone S, Jamwal R, Nwabufo CK. Bioanalytical strategies in drug discovery and development. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:434-458. [PMID: 34310243 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1959606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A reliable, rapid, and effective bioanalytical method is essential for the determination of the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicokinetic parameters that inform the safety and efficacy profile of investigational drugs. The overall goal of bioanalytical method development is to elucidate the procedure and operating conditions under which a method can sufficiently extract, qualify, and/or quantify the analyte(s) of interest and/or their metabolites for the intended purpose. Given the difference in the physicochemical properties of small and large molecule drugs, different strategies need to be adopted for the development of an effective and efficient bioanalytical method. Herein, we provide an overview of different sample preparation strategies, analytical platforms, as well as procedures for achieving high throughput for bioanalysis of small and large molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarzoo Thakur
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Tan
- Department of Early Clinical Development, dMed-Clinipace, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsubasa Kameyama
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eman El-Khateeb
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shakti Nagpal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Rohitash Jamwal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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32
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Grau J, Benedé JL, Chisvert A, Salvador A. Modified magnetic-based solvent-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction: application to the determination of cortisol and cortisone in human saliva. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462361. [PMID: 34261023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A modification of magnetic-based solvent-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction (M-SA-DSPE) has been employed for the determination of the biomarkers cortisol and cortisone in saliva samples. M-SA-DSPE is based on the dispersion of the sorbent material by using a disperser solvent like in dispersive solid phase extraction (SA-DSPE) but a magnetic sorbent is used like in magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (M-DSPE). Thus, the magnetic sorbent containing the target analytes is retrieved using an external magnet like in M-DSPE. Finally, the analytes are desorbed into a small volume of organic solvent for the subsequent chromatographic analysis. To this regard, a M-SA-DSPE-based method was developed using a magnetic composite as sorbent, made of CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles embedded into a reversed phase polymer (Strata-XTM-RP), which exhibits affinity to the target analytes. Then, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to measure both analytes in the M-SA-DSPE extract. Under the optimized conditions, good analytical features were obtained: limits of detection of 0.029 ng mL-1 for cortisol and 0.018 ng mL-1 for cortisone, repeatability (as RSD) ≤ 10 %, and relative recoveries between 86 and 111 %, showing no significant matrix effects. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the analysis of saliva from different volunteers. This new methodology allows a fast and non-invasive determination of cortisol and cortisone, and it employs small amounts of sample, organic solvent and sorbent. Likewise, the sample treatment is minimum, since any supporting equipment (vortex, centrifuge, ultrasounds, etc.) is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Grau
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan L Benedé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo Salvador
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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33
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Abdallah IA, Hammad SF, Bedair A, Mansour FR. Sugaring-out induced homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction as an alternative mode for biological sample preparation: A comparative study. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3117-3125. [PMID: 34101992 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of liquid-liquid extraction is a growing field of sample preparation to reduce solvent consumption, protect the environment, and preserve operators' health. In this work, four different modes of liquid-liquid microextraction have been compared including dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, binary and ternary salting-out, and sugaring-out induced liquid-liquid microextraction. The extraction efficiency was evaluated by the enrichment factors of 14 different drugs from three pharmacological classes. Compared with the other modes, sugaring-out induced liquid-liquid microextraction was found to be the most efficient and, thus, it was applied for sample preparation of the antivirals in human plasma. Method optimization was performed using response surface methodology for the sugar type and amount (in mg), the sample pH, the equilibration time (in min), and the extractant volume (in µL). The method was then validated and found linear in the concentration range of 0.10-10 µg/mL for daclatasvir, 0.05-10 µg/mL for velpatasvir, and 0.20-10 µg/mL for ledipasvir, with correlation coefficients in the range 0.996-0.999. These results shows that sugaring-out induced liquid-liquid microextraction could be a more efficient microextraction mode for preparation of biological samples. Compared with other types of microextraction, sugaring-out induced liquid-liquid microextraction is greener, simpler, and cost-effective, with less tendency to affect the sample pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Sherin F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Alaa Bedair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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34
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Hammad MA, Kamal AH, Kannouma RE, Mansour FR. Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with Deproteinization for Determination of Nateglinide in Human Plasma Using HPLC/UV. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:297-304. [PMID: 33275653 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A validated method for preconcentration and determination of nateglinide in plasma was developed using vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Different variables that affect extraction efficiency were studied and optimized, including type and volume of extractant, type and volume of disperser, pH of diluent, salt addition effect, centrifugation and vortex time. Nateglinide was extracted using 30 μL of 1-octanol as an extractant and 200 μL of methanol as a disperser. The enrichment factor reached 330 under the optimum conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet was used for detection using phosphate buffer (pH 2.5, 10 mM): acetonitrile (45:55, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The method was linear over the range of 50-20,000 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 15 ng/mL (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). Intra- and inter-day precision had %relative standard deviation <6% (n = 3) and the %recoveries were found to be between 102.5 and 105.9%. The proposed method is simple, sensitive, eco-friendly, cost-effective and powerful for microextraction of nateglinide from human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hammad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32958, Egypt
| | - Amira H Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Reham E Kannouma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32958, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Services Center, Tanta University,Tanta 31111, Egypt
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35
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Zainal-Abidin MH, Hayyan M, Wong WF. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: Current progress and future directions. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Wang Y, Zhang Q, Chen S, Cheng L, Jing X, Wang X, Guan S, Song W, Rao Q. Determination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water Samples Using Effervescent-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Icroextraction with Solidification of the Aqueous Phase. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051376. [PMID: 33806482 PMCID: PMC7961388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective and sensitive method is necessary for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) pollutants in water. In this study, effervescent-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of the aqueous phase (EA-DLLME-SAP), followed by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) quantitative analysis, was established for the preconcentration and determination of PBDEs in real environmental water samples. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane was used as the extractant and directly dispersed into the water phase of the aqueous samples with the aid of a large number of carbon dioxide bubbles generated via the acid-base reaction of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, which did not require the use of a dispersant during the extraction process. The key factors affecting the extraction recovery were optimized, and an internal standard was used for quantitative analysis, which gave good linearity ranges of 1-100 ng·L-1 (BDEs 28, 47, 99, and 100), 2-200 ng·L-1 (BDEs 153, 154, and 183) and 5-500 ng·L-1 (BDE 209) with limits of quantification in the range of 1.0-5.0 ng·L-1. The accuracy was verified with relative standard deviations < 8.5% observed in tap, lake, river and reservoir water samples with relative recoveries ranging from 67.2 to 102.6%. The presented method contributes to the determination of PBDEs in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Food Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Qicai Zhang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Lin Cheng
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China;
| | - Xianli Wang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Shuhui Guan
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Q.R.)
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Q.R.)
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Silva LK, Rangel JHG, Brito NM, Sousa ER, Sousa ÉML, Lima DLD, Esteves VI, Freitas AS, Silva GS. Solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) for the simultaneous analysis of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in aqueous samples by HPLC. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1851-1859. [PMID: 33469709 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a liquid-liquid microextraction methodology using solidified floating organic drop (SFODME) was combined with liquid chromatography and UV/Vis detection to determine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) naproxen (NPX), diclofenac (DCF), and mefenamic acid (MFN) in tap water, surface water, and seawater samples. Parameters that can influence the efficiency of the process were evaluated, such as the type and volume of the extractor and dispersive solvents, effect of pH, agitation type, and ionic strength. The optimized method showed low detection limits (0.09 to 0.25 μg L-1), satisfactory recovery rates (90 to 116%), and enrichment factors in the range between 149 and 199. SFODME showed simplicity, low cost, speed, and high concentration capacity of the analytes under study. Its use in real samples did not demonstrate a matrix effect that would compromise the effectiveness of the method, being possible to apply it successfully in water samples with different characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanna K Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis, 65030-005, Brazil.
| | - José H G Rangel
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis, 65030-005, Brazil
| | - Natilene M Brito
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis, 65030-005, Brazil
| | - Eliane R Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhao, Maracanã Campus, Av. dos Curiós, Vila Esperança, São Luis, 65095-460, Brazil
| | - Érika M L Sousa
- CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana L D Lima
- CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Arlan S Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis, 65030-005, Brazil
| | - Gilmar S Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis, 65030-005, Brazil
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38
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Salting-out induced liquid-liquid microextraction for alogliptin benzoate determination in human plasma by HPLC/UV. BMC Chem 2021; 15:2. [PMID: 33451337 PMCID: PMC7809805 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Salting-out induced liquid–liquid microextraction method has been developed for plasma sample treatment before determination of alogliptin by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Several parameters were optimized to achieve maximum enrichment, including type of extractant, volume of extractant, type of anion, type of cation, salt amount and pH. The optimum conditions were attained using 500 µL of acetonitrile, added to 1 mL of aqueous sample containing 250 mg of sodium chloride at pH 12. An RP-HPLC method was developed and validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines M10. The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.1 to 50 µg/mL (correlation coefficient = 0.997). The limit of detection was 0.019 µg/mL and limit of quantitation was 0.06 µg/mL. The method was accurate and precise with an average % recovery of 99.7% and a % relative standard deviation ranging between 1.5 and 2.5. These results showed that the salting-out induced liquid–liquid microextraction methods could be better than other sample preparation protocols in terms of sensitivity, easiness, solvent consumption and waste reduction.
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39
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Prasanna VL, Gozlan I, Kaplan A, Zachor-Movshovitz D, Avisar D. Solid phase extraction based on trimethylsilyloxy silica aerogel. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18617-18622. [PMID: 35480917 PMCID: PMC9033453 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01803e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) based on trimethylsilyloxy-modified silica aerogel was developed for extraction of chemotherapeutic drugs from water. The developed method is easy and affordable, can be performed in separating funnel and does not require a vacuum and SPE manifold. The extraction and recovery of cyclophosphamide (CYP), dexamethasone (DEX), and paclitaxel (TAX) by the aerogel from water were investigated. The factors governing the extraction efficiency such as sample pH, sample volume, volume of eluent and concentration of analytes were studied. The LOD and LOQ of the developed method were calculated and linearity was found in the range of 4–100 μg L−1. The extraction efficiency of the aerogel was compared to that of other SPE cartridges, Oasis HLB, Strata-X-C, C18 and polymeric reversed phase, and the aerogel showed similar or better performance than the other commercial cartridges available on the market. The developed method was also used to extract chemotherapeutic drugs spiked in hospital wastewater. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) based on trimethylsilyloxy-modified silica aerogel was developed for extraction of chemotherapeutic drugs from water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Lakshmi Prasanna
- The Water Research Center
- The Hydro-Chemistry Laboratory
- Porter School for Environment and Earth Sciences
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
| | - Igal Gozlan
- The Water Research Center
- The Hydro-Chemistry Laboratory
- Porter School for Environment and Earth Sciences
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
| | - Aviv Kaplan
- The Water Research Center
- The Hydro-Chemistry Laboratory
- Porter School for Environment and Earth Sciences
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
| | - Daniel Zachor-Movshovitz
- The Water Research Center
- The Hydro-Chemistry Laboratory
- Porter School for Environment and Earth Sciences
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
| | - Dror Avisar
- The Water Research Center
- The Hydro-Chemistry Laboratory
- Porter School for Environment and Earth Sciences
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
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40
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Corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry combined by homogenizer assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction; A rapid and sensitive method for quantification of nortriptyline. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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Dmitrieva E, Temerdashev A, Azaryan A, Gashimova E. Quantification of steroid hormones in human urine by DLLME and UHPLC-HRMS detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1159:122390. [PMID: 33126074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the quantification of steroid hormones of various classes in human urine (androgens, estrogens, progestins, corticosteroids) has been described consisting of sample preparation by means of dispersive liquid-liquid extraction after enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase from E. Coli followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (quadrupole time-of-flight) detection. Both one-variable-at-a-time and multivariate approaches (full factorial and Box-Behnken designs) were applied to optimize sample preparation conditions. The procedure was validated using synthetic urine in the concentration range of 0.25-500 ng/mL. Then, it was applied to the analysis of real urine samples and the results were compared with those of a common liquid-liquid extraction procedure. The results obtained proved its applicability to the quantification of steroid hormones in human urine with high sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Dmitrieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040, Russia
| | - Azamat Temerdashev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040, Russia.
| | - Alice Azaryan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040, Russia
| | - Elina Gashimova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040, Russia
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42
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Mabrouk M, Hammad SF, Abdella AA, Mansour FR. Chitosan-based molecular imprinted polymer for extraction and spectrophotometric determination of ketorolac in human plasma. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 241:118668. [PMID: 32653823 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A selective chitosan-based ion exchange molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared for ketorolac (KET) using the sol-gel method and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. The nonimprinted polymer (NIP) was prepared and used as a control, during the whole experiment. The chemical and morphological characteristics of the prepared polymers were investigated using FTIR and SEM, respectively. The prepared MIP was applied to determine the optimum operational conditions for KET extraction from dilute aqueous solutions. The adsorption step was performed at pH 5 and a contact time of 20 min, using 0.1 N HCl as an elution solvent for 30 min. The specificity of the prepared polymer was indicated by an imprinting factor of 1.45. The prepared MIP was successfully applied for selective solid phase extraction and subsequent determination of KET in spiked human plasma samples over a range of 2-20 μg/mL, with a mean % recovery of 94.62% using derivative spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Mabrouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31111, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31111, Egypt
| | - Sherin F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31111, Egypt
| | - Aya A Abdella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31111, Egypt.
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31111, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31111, Egypt.
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43
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Abdelaziz MA, Mansour FR, Danielson ND. A gadolinium-based magnetic ionic liquid for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:205-214. [PMID: 33095289 PMCID: PMC7581952 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A hydrophobic gadolinium-based magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) was investigated for the first time as an extraction solvent in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME). The tested MIL was composed of trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cations and paramagnetic gadolinium chloride anions. The prepared MIL showed low water miscibility, reasonable viscosity, markedly high magnetic susceptibility, adequate chemical stability, low UV background, and compatibility with reversed-phase HPLC solvents. These features resulted in a more efficient extraction than the corresponding iron or manganese analogues. Accordingly, the overall method sensitivity and reproducibility were improved, and the analysis time was reduced. The applicability of the proposed MIL was examined through the microextraction of four sartan antihypertensive drugs from aqueous samples followed by reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 240 nm. The DLLME procedures were optimized for disperser solvent type, MIL mass, disperser solvent volume, as well as acid, base, and salt addition. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) obtained with the analysis of 1.2-mL samples after DLLME and HPLC were 80, 30, 40, and 160 ng/mL for azilsartan medoxomil, irbesartan, telmisartan, and valsartan, respectively. Correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9988 and RSD values were in the range of 2.48–4.07%. Under the optimized microextraction conditions and using a 5-mL sample volume, enrichment factors were raised from about 40 for all sartans using a 1.2-mL sample to 175, 176, 169, and 103 for azilsartan medoxomil, irbesartan, valsartan, and telmisartan, respectively. The relative extraction recoveries for the studied sartans in river water varied from 82.5 to 101.48% at a spiked concentration of 0.5 μg/mL for telmisartan and irbesartan and 1 μg/mL for azilsartan medoxomil and valsartan. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E. High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Neil D Danielson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E. High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
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44
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Dmitrienko SG, Apyari VV, Tolmacheva VV, Gorbunova MV. Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Organic Compounds: An Overview of Reviews. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Dalgıç Bozyiğit G, Fırat Ayyıldız M, Chormey DS, Onkal Engin G, Bakırdere S. Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based Preconcentration of Selected Pesticides and Escitalopram Oxalate, Haloperidol, and Olanzapine from Wastewater Samples Prior to Determination by GC-MS. J AOAC Int 2020; 104:91-97. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Determination of emerging pollutants including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, industrial chemicals and hormones in different environmental samples is very important for human health.
Objective
Experimental design enabled parameters to be evaluated for their effects onextraction output as well as their interactive effects.
Method
A multivariate experimental design was used to attain optimum conditions of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for preconcentration of pesticides and pharmaceuticals for determination by GC-MS.
Results
The optimum parameters suggested by the design model were 200 µL of chloroform, 1.96 mL of ethanol, and 40 s vortexing period. LOD and LOQ were calculated using linear calibration plots of the analytes developed in the standard concentration range of 2.0 μg/L–2.0 mg/L.
Conclusions
Enhancement in detection power of the analytes recorded by the optimized method with respect to direct GC-MS determination (based on LOD values) was in the range of 3.6 and 539 folds. Spiked recovery experiments for municipal, medical, and synthetic wastewater samples yielded low recovery results when calculated against aqueous standard solutions. Matrix matched calibration standards were used to mitigate interferences from the waste samples and the percent recoveries obtained were close to 100%. This established accuracy and applicability of the developed method.
Highlights
The detection limits were found between 0.50 ng/mL and 37 ng/mL. An accurate, simple and sensitive analytical method was developed for the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Dalgıç Bozyiğit
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Fırat Ayyıldız
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dotse Selali Chormey
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Güleda Onkal Engin
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
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46
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Will C, Omena E, Corazza G, Bernardi G, Merib J, Carasek E. Expanding the applicability of magnetic ionic liquids for multiclass determination in biological matrices based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and HPLC with diode array detector analysis. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2657-2665. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Will
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Eduarda Omena
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Gabriela Corazza
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Bernardi
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Josias Merib
- Departamento de FarmacociênciasUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carasek
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
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47
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Jain R, Tripathi RM, Negi A, Singh SP. A simple, cost-effective and rapid method for simultaneous determination of Strychnos nux-vomica alkaloids in blood and Ayurvedic medicines based on ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-thin-layer chromatography-image analysis. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:477-484. [PMID: 32100010 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, cost-effective and green analytical method is developed based on ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (US-DLLME) coupled to thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-image analysis for the simultaneous determination of two major alkaloids of Strychnos nux-vomica L i.e., strychnine and brucine. The method is composed of three steps, namely (i) US-DLLME by injecting a mixture of 100-μL chloroform (extraction solvent) and 1-mL methanol (disperser solvent) in 5 mL of aqueous sample, followed by ultrasonication and centrifugation, (ii) TLC of 20 μL of sedimented phase with methanol: ammonia (100:1.5, v/v) as the mobile phase and visualization under ultraviolet radiation (254 nm) and (iii) photography of TLC plate and quantification of spots by image analysis using freely available imageJ software (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The limit of detection and limit of quantification for both alkaloids were found to be in the range of 0.12-0.15 and 0.36-0.48 μg/spot, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 0.5-5 μg/spot with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.995 and 0.997 for strychnine and brucine, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of strychnine and brucine in Ayurvedic formulations and blood samples. The method does not require any sophisticated instrument and handling skills and can be adopted for rapid analysis of strychnine and brucine in forensic toxicological laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Jain
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Urput-Kumeria Road, P.O. Maniari Tiniali, Kamrup (Rural), Assam 781125, India.,Forensic Toxicology Division, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Plot #2, Sector 36-A, Dakshin Marg, Chandigarh 160036, India, and
| | - Rohitashva Mani Tripathi
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Plot #2, Sector 36-A, Dakshin Marg, Chandigarh 160036, India, and
| | - Archna Negi
- Forensic Chemistry Division, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Plot #2, Sector 36-A, Dakshin Marg, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Shishir Pratap Singh
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Urput-Kumeria Road, P.O. Maniari Tiniali, Kamrup (Rural), Assam 781125, India
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Jalili V, Barkhordari A, Ghiasvand A. Bioanalytical Applications of Microextraction Techniques: A Review of Reviews. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Terzioğlu D, Fırat M, Chormey DS, Bakırdere S. Determination of Trace Amounts of Gold in Electroplating Rinsing Bath by Slotted Quartz Tube Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Matrix Matching Calibration Strategy after Preconcentration with Vortex Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1732998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Terzioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Fırat
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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50
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Lobo AMG, Magalhães IRS. Determination of tafenoquine in human plasma by dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. G. Lobo
- Faculdade de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Igor R. S. Magalhães
- Faculdade de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Amazonas Brazil
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