1
|
Esene JE, Burningham AJ, Tahir A, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. 3D printed microfluidic devices for integrated solid-phase extraction and microchip electrophoresis of preterm birth biomarkers. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1296:342338. [PMID: 38401930 PMCID: PMC10895869 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, such that the need for a rapid and accurate assessment for PTB risk is critical. Here, we developed a 3D printed microfluidic system that integrated solid-phase extraction (SPE) and microchip electrophoresis (μCE) of PTB biomarkers, enabling the combination of biomarker enrichment and labeling with μCE separation and fluorescence detection. RESULTS Reversed-phase SPE monoliths were photopolymerized in 3D printed devices. Microvalves in the device directed sample between the SPE monolith and the injection cross-channel in the serpentine μCE channel. Successful on-chip preconcentration, labeling and μCE separation of four PTB-related polypeptides were demonstrated in these integrated microfluidic devices. We further show the ability of these devices to handle complex sample matrices through the successful analysis of labeled PTB biomarkers spiked into maternal blood serum. The detection limit was 7 nM for the PTB biomarker, corticotropin releasing factor, in 3D printed SPE-μCE integrated devices. SIGNIFICANCE This work represents the first successful demonstration of integration of SPE and μCE separation of disease-linked biomarkers in 3D printed microfluidic devices. These studies open up promising possibilities for rapid bioanalysis of medically relevant analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joule E Esene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Addalyn J Burningham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Anum Tahir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bravo-González S, González-González E, Perales-Salinas V, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Ortiz-Castillo JE, Vargas-Martínez A, Perez-Gonzalez VH, Luna-Aguirre CM, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Alvarez MM. Self-Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 from Saliva Samples at Home: Isothermal Amplification Enabled by Do-It-Yourself Portable Incubators and Laminated Poly-ethyl Sulfonate Membranes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:221. [PMID: 38275468 PMCID: PMC10814948 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 made explicit the need for rethinking the way in which we conduct testing for epidemic emergencies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the dependence on centralized lab facilities and resource-intensive methodologies (e.g., RT-qPCR methods) greatly limited the deployment of widespread testing efforts in many developed and underdeveloped countries. Here, we illustrate the development of a simple and portable diagnostic kit that enables self-diagnosis of COVID-19 at home from saliva samples. We describe the development of a do-it-yourself (DIY) incubator for Eppendorf tubes that can be used to conduct SARS-CoV-2 detection with competitive sensitivity and selectivity from saliva at home. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we assembled Eppendorf-tube incubators at our home shop, prepared a single-tube mix of reagents and LAMP primers in our lab, and deployed these COVID-19 detection kits using urban delivery systems (i.e., Rappifavor or Uber) to more than 15 different locations in Monterrey, México. This straightforward strategy enabled rapid and cost-effective at-home molecular diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 from real saliva samples with a high sensitivity (100%) and high selectivity (87%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bravo-González
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Everardo González-González
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Valeria Perales-Salinas
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Iram Pablo Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico;
- Alfa Medical Center, Guadalupe 67100, NL, Mexico
| | - Jose E. Ortiz-Castillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (J.E.O.-C.); (A.V.-M.); (V.H.P.-G.)
| | - Adriana Vargas-Martínez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (J.E.O.-C.); (A.V.-M.); (V.H.P.-G.)
| | - Victor H. Perez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (J.E.O.-C.); (A.V.-M.); (V.H.P.-G.)
| | - Claudia Maribel Luna-Aguirre
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (J.E.O.-C.); (A.V.-M.); (V.H.P.-G.)
| | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (S.B.-G.); (E.G.-G.); (V.P.-S.); (C.M.L.-A.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (J.E.O.-C.); (A.V.-M.); (V.H.P.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee SM, Balakrishnan HK, Doeven EH, Yuan D, Guijt RM. Chemical Trends in Sample Preparation for Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAAT): A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:980. [PMID: 37998155 PMCID: PMC10669371 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification testing facilitates the detection of disease through specific genomic sequences and is attractive for point-of-need testing (PONT); in particular, the early detection of microorganisms can alert early response systems to protect the public and ecosystems from widespread outbreaks of biological threats, including infectious diseases. Prior to nucleic acid amplification and detection, extensive sample preparation techniques are required to free nucleic acids and extract them from the sample matrix. Sample preparation is critical to maximize the sensitivity and reliability of testing. As the enzymatic amplification reactions can be sensitive to inhibitors from the sample, as well as from chemicals used for lysis and extraction, avoiding inhibition is a significant challenge, particularly when minimising liquid handling steps is also desirable for the translation of the assay to a portable format for PONT. The reagents used in sample preparation for nucleic acid testing, covering lysis and NA extraction (binding, washing, and elution), are reviewed with a focus on their suitability for use in PONT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Lee
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF), Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Hari Kalathil Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF), Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Liu S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li S, He N, Deng Y, Chen Z. Research on a Magnetic Separation-Based Rapid Nucleic Acid Extraction System and Its Detection Applications. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:903. [PMID: 37887096 PMCID: PMC10605191 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid extraction represents the "first step" in molecular diagnostic experiments. The quality of this extraction serves as a fundamental prerequisite for ensuring the accuracy of nucleic acid detection. This article presents a comprehensive design scheme for a rapid automated nucleic acid extraction system based on magnetic separation. The design and implementation of the system are analyzed and investigated in-depth, focusing on the core methods, hardware control, and software control of the automated nucleic acid extraction system. Additionally, a study and evaluation were carried out concerning the nucleic acid extraction and detection aspects encompassed by the system. The results demonstrate that the temperature deviation in the lysis and elution fluids is approximately ±1 °C, the positioning accuracy of the system's movement is ±0.005 mm, the average magnetic bead recovery rate is 94.98%, and the average nucleic acid recovery rate is 91.83%. The developed automated system and manual methods are employed for sample extraction, enabling the isolation of highly pure nucleic acids from bacteria, blood, and animal tissues for RT-PCR detection. The instrument employs lysis temperatures ranging from 70-80 °C, elution temperature of 80 °C, and drying time of 5-10 min, with a total extraction time of less than 35 min for different sample types. Overall, the system yields high nucleic acid concentration and purity, exhibits stable instrument operation, good repeatability, high efficiency, and low cost. It meets the requirements of genetic-level research and is worthy of clinical promotion and usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (N.H.); (Y.D.)
| | - Sha Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (N.H.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (N.H.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yue Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (N.H.); (Y.D.)
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (N.H.); (Y.D.)
| | - Nongyue He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (N.H.); (Y.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (N.H.); (Y.D.)
| | - Zhu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (N.H.); (Y.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Z, Lyon CJ, Wang J, Lu S, Hu TY. CRISPR Assays for Disease Diagnosis: Progress to and Barriers Remaining for Clinical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301697. [PMID: 37162202 PMCID: PMC10369298 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous groups have employed the special properties of CRISPR/Cas systems to develop platforms that have broad potential applications for sensitive and specific detection of nucleic acid (NA) targets. However, few of these approaches have progressed to commercial or clinical applications. This review summarizes the properties of known CRISPR/Cas systems and their applications, challenges associated with the development of such assays, and opportunities to improve their performance or address unmet assay needs using nano-/micro-technology platforms. These include rapid and efficient sample preparation, integrated single-tube, amplification-free, quantifiable, multiplex, and non-NA assays. Finally, this review discusses the current outlook for such assays, including remaining barriers for clinical or point-of-care applications and their commercial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesShenzhen Third People's HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology29 Bulan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518112China
- Center for Cellular and Molecular DiagnosticsTulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AveNew OrleansLA70112USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AveNew OrleansLA70112USA
| | - Christopher J. Lyon
- Center for Cellular and Molecular DiagnosticsTulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AveNew OrleansLA70112USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AveNew OrleansLA70112USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Tolo Biotechnology Company Limited333 Guiping RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Shuihua Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesShenzhen Third People's HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology29 Bulan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518112China
| | - Tony Y. Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular DiagnosticsTulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AveNew OrleansLA70112USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AveNew OrleansLA70112USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hemmateenejad B, Rafatmah E, Shojaeifard Z. Microfluidic paper and thread-based separations: Chromatography and electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1704:464117. [PMID: 37300912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paper and thread are widely used as the substrates for fabricating low-cost, disposable, and portable microfluidic analytical devices used in clinical, environmental, and food safety monitoring. Concerning separation methods including chromatography and electrophoresis, these substrates provide unique platforms for developing portable devices. This review focuses on summarizing recent research on the miniaturization of the separation techniques using paper and thread. Preconcentration, purification, desalination, and separation of various analytes are achievable using electrophoresis and chromatography methods integrated with modified or unmodified paper/thread wicking channels. A variety of 2D and 3D designs of paper/thread platforms for zone electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, and modified/unmodified chromatography are discussed with emphasis on their limitation and improvements. The current progress in the signal amplification strategies such as isoelectric focusing, isotachophoresis, ion concentration polarization, isoelectric focusing, and stacking methods in paper-based devices are reviewed. Different strategies for chromatographic separations based on paper/thread will be explained. The separation of target species from complex samples and their determination by integration with other analytical methods like spectroscopy and electrochemistry are well-listed. Furthermore, the innovations for plasma and cell separation from blood as an important human biofluid are presented, and the related paper/thread modification methods are explored.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rey Gomez LM, Hirani R, Care A, Inglis DW, Wang Y. Emerging Microfluidic Devices for Sample Preparation of Undiluted Whole Blood to Enable the Detection of Biomarkers. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1404-1421. [PMID: 37011238 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood testing allows for diagnosis and monitoring of numerous conditions and illnesses; it forms an essential pillar of the health industry that continues to grow in market value. Due to the complex physical and biological nature of blood, samples must be carefully collected and prepared to obtain accurate and reliable analysis results with minimal background signal. Examples of common sample preparation steps include dilutions, plasma separation, cell lysis, and nucleic acid extraction and isolation, which are time-consuming and can introduce risks of sample cross-contamination or pathogen exposure to laboratory staff. Moreover, the reagents and equipment needed can be costly and difficult to obtain in point-of-care or resource-limited settings. Microfluidic devices can perform sample preparation steps in a simpler, faster, and more affordable manner. Devices can be carried to areas that are difficult to access or that do not have the resources necessary. Although many microfluidic devices have been developed in the last 5 years, few were designed for the use of undiluted whole blood as a starting point, which eliminates the need for blood dilution and minimizes blood sample preparation. This review will first provide a short summary on blood properties and blood samples typically used for analysis, before delving into innovative advances in microfluidic devices over the last 5 years that address the hurdles of blood sample preparation. The devices will be categorized by application and the type of blood sample used. The final section focuses on devices for the detection of intracellular nucleic acids, because these require more extensive sample preparation steps, and the challenges involved in adapting this technology and potential improvements are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rena Hirani
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, New South Wales 2015, Australia
| | - Andrew Care
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering and △School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Free-flow biomolecular concentration and separation of proteins and nucleic acids using teíchophoresis. Talanta 2023; 255:124198. [PMID: 36580810 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to preconcentrate, separate, and purify biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, is an important requirement for the next generation of portable diagnostic tools for environmental monitoring and disease detection. Traditionally, such pretreatment has been accomplished using large, centralized liquid- or solid-phase extraction equipment, which can be time-consuming and requires many processing steps. Here, we present a newly developed electrokinetic concentration technique, teíchophoresis (TPE), to concentrate and separate proteins, and to concentrate nucleic acids. In TPE, a free-flowing sample is exposed to a perpendicular electric field in the vicinity of a mass-impermeable conductive wall and a conductive terminating electrolyte (TE), which creates a high electric field strength zone between the lower mobility sample and the no-flux barrier. Unlike a similar electrokinetic concentration method, isotachophoresis (ITP), TPE does not require a leading electrolyte (LE), yet still enables a continuous field-driven electrophoretic ion migration across the channel and a free-flowing biomolecular concentration at the conductive wall. Here, we demonstrate the use of free-flow TPE (FFTPE) to manipulate biomolecular samples containing proteins or nucleic acids. We first use TPE to drive a 6.6-fold concentration increase of avidin-FITC, and also demonstrate protein separation and stacking between ovalbumin-fluorescein and BSA-AlexaFluor 555, both without the use of a conventional LE. Further, we utilize TPE to perform a 21-fold concentration increase of nucleic acids. Our results show that TPE is biocompatible with both proteins and nucleic acids, requires only 10 V DC, produces no significant sample pH changes during operation, and demonstrates that this method can be used as an effective sample pretreatment to prepare biological samples for downstream analysis in a continuous free-flowing microfluidic channel.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sritong N, Sala de Medeiros M, Basing LA, Linnes JC. Promise and perils of paper-based point-of-care nucleic acid detection for endemic and pandemic pathogens. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:888-912. [PMID: 36688463 PMCID: PMC10028599 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
From HIV and influenza to emerging pathogens like COVID-19, each new infectious disease outbreak has highlighted the need for massively-scalable testing that can be performed outside centralized laboratory settings at the point-of-care (POC) in order to prevent, track, and monitor endemic and pandemic threats. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are highly sensitive and can be developed and scaled within weeks while protein-based rapid tests require months for production. Combining NAATs with paper-based detection platforms are promising due to the manufacturability, scalability, and simplicity of each of these components. Typically, paper-based NAATs consist of three sequential steps: sample collection and preparation, amplification of DNA or RNA from pathogens of interest, and detection. However, these exist within a larger ecosystem of sample collection and interpretation workflow, usability, and manufacturability which can be vastly perturbed during a pandemic emergence. This review aims to explore the challenges of paper-based NAATs covering sample-to-answer procedures along with three main types of clinical samples; blood, urine, and saliva, as well as broader operational, scale up, and regulatory aspects of device development and implementation. To fill the technological gaps in paper-based NAATs, a sample-in-result-out system that incorporates the integrated sample collection, sample preparation, and integrated internal amplification control while also balancing needs of users and manufacturability upfront in the early design process is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navaporn Sritong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | | | - Laud Anthony Basing
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Jacqueline C Linnes
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li S, Han B, Zhou D, Gu Y, Li B, Ma J, Fu R, Qi X, Liu P. One-Stop Extraction and In Situ RT-qPCR for Ultrasensitive Detection of Highly Diluted SARS-CoV-2 in Large-Volume Samples from Aquatic Environments. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2339-2347. [PMID: 36644822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in aquatic environments attracted attention due to its considerable impacts on human health and ecology, especially in countries with poor sanitation standards. Based on a strategy of one-stop extraction and in situ amplification, we developed an ultrasensitive method that uses a polyacrylamide derivative-modified filter disc (PAD-FD), in which highly diluted RNA can be efficiently concentrated onto the filter disc and directly used for amplification. A newly designed spin column with a cup-like filter base facilitated the non-contact transfer of the affinity filter disc from the column to a PCR tube. The limit of detection of the PAD-FD coupled with RT-qPCR is 10 copies/mL. Using 32 suspected SARS-CoV-2 samples, we demonstrated that the detection rate of our method (62.5%, 20/32) was triple the rate of the commercial kit (18.8%, 6/32). Using a PAD-FD, 56.3% (18/32) and 40.6% (13/32) of the 10-fold-dilution samples with river and tap water, respectively, were detected. Even when diluted 100-fold, 28.1% (9/32) and 37.5% (12/32) were still detected in river and tap water, respectively. We believe that the PAD-FD method offers an accurate testing tool for monitoring viral RNA in aquatic environments, contributing to the forewarning of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the breaking of the transmission chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanglin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bingqian Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Donggen Zhou
- Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Center (Ningbo Port Hospital), Ningbo, Zhejiang 315012, China
| | - Yin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Bao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chaoyang District of Beijing, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Rongxin Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Qi
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chaoyang District of Beijing, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Panferov VG, Ivanov NA, Mazzulli T, Brinc D, Kulasingam V, Krylov SN. Electrophoresis-Assisted Multilayer Assembly of Nanoparticles for Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215548. [PMID: 36357330 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a rapid, simple, and inexpensive point-of-need method. A major limitation of LFIA is a high limit of detection (LOD), which impacts its diagnostic sensitivity. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a signal-enhancement procedure that is performed after completing LFIA and involves controllably moving biotin- and streptavidin-functionalized gold nanoparticles by electrophoresis. The nanoparticles link to immunocomplexes forming multilayer aggregates on the test strip, thus, enhancing the signal. Here, we demonstrate lowering the LOD of hepatitis B surface antigen from approximately 8 to 0.12 ng mL-1 , making it clinically acceptable. Testing 118 clinical samples for hepatitis B showed that signal enhancement increased the diagnostic sensitivity of LFIA from 73 % to 98 % while not affecting its 95 % specificity. Electrophoresis-driven enhancement of LFIA is universal (antigen-independent), takes two minutes, and can be performed by an untrained person.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasily G Panferov
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.,Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.,A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Nikita A Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.,Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Tony Mazzulli
- Sinai Health, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Davor Brinc
- Toronto General Hospital: University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Vathany Kulasingam
- Toronto General Hospital: University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Sergey N Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.,Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li P, Xiong H, Yang B, Jiang X, Kong J, Fang X. Recent progress in CRISPR-based microfluidic assays and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
13
|
Malá Z, Gebauer P. Analytical isotachophoresis 1967–2022: From standard analytical technique to universal on-line concentration tool. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
Kumar S, Kharb A, Vazirani A, Chauhan RS, Pramanik G, Sengupta M, Ghosh S. Nucleic acid extraction from complex biofluid using toothpick-actuated over-the-counter medical-grade cotton. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:117009. [PMID: 36126446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification technique (NAAT)-assisted detection is the primary intervention for pathogen molecular diagnostics. However, NAATs such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) require prior purification or extraction of target nucleic acid from the sample of interest since the latter often contains polymerase inhibitors. Similarly, genetic disease screening is also reliant on the successful extraction of pure patient genomic DNA from the clinical sample. However, such extraction techniques traditionally utilize spin-column techniques that in turn require centralized high-speed centrifuges. This hinders any potential deployment of qPCR- or PCR-like NAAT methods in resource-constrained settings. The development of instrument-free nucleic acid extraction methods, especially those utilizing readily available materials would be of great interest and benefit to NAAT-mediated molecular diagnosis workflows in resource-constrained settings. In this report, we screened medical-grade cotton, a readily available over-the-counter biomaterial to extract genomic DNA (gDNA) spiked in 30 %, 45 %, and 60 % serum or cell lysate. The extraction was carried out in a completely instrument-free manner using cotton and a sterilized toothpick and was completed in 30 min (with using chaotropic salt) or 10 min (without using chaotropic salt). The quality of the extracted DNA was then probed using PCR followed by agarose gel analysis for preliminary validation of the study. The qPCR experiments then quantitatively established the extraction efficiency (0.3-27 %, depending on serum composition). Besides, percent similarity score obtained from the Sanger sequencing experiments probed the feasibility of extracted DNA towards polymerase amplification with fluorescent nucleotide incorporation. Overall, our method demonstrated that DNA extraction could be performed utilizing toothpick-mounted cotton both with or without using a chaotropic salt, albeit with a difference in the quality of the extracted DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrawan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Bennett University, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, India; Center of Excellence for Nanosensors and Nanomedicine, Bennett University, India
| | - Anjali Kharb
- Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, India
| | - Aman Vazirani
- Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, India
| | | | - Goutam Pramanik
- UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Mrittika Sengupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, India; Center of Excellence for Nanosensors and Nanomedicine, Bennett University, India
| | - Souradyuti Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Bennett University, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, India; Center of Excellence for Nanosensors and Nanomedicine, Bennett University, India; UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 106, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mannier C, Yoon JY. Progression of LAMP as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is PCR Finally Rivaled? BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070492. [PMID: 35884295 PMCID: PMC9312731 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Reflecting on the past three years and the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, varying global tactics offer insights into the most effective public-health responses. In the US, specifically, rapid and widespread testing was quickly prioritized to lower restrictions sooner. Essentially, only two types of COVID-19 diagnostic tests were publicly employed during the peak pandemic: the rapid antigen test and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, neither test ideally suited the situation, as rapid antigen tests are far too inaccurate, and RT-PCR tests require skilled personnel and sophisticated equipment, leading to long wait times. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is another exceptionally accurate nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) that offers far quicker time to results. However, RT-LAMP COVID-19 tests have not been embraced as extensively as rapid antigen tests or RT-PCR. This review will investigate the performance of current RT-LAMP-based COVID-19 tests and summarize the reasons behind the hesitancy to embrace RT-LAMP instead of RT-PCR. We will also look at other LAMP platforms to explore possible improvements in the accuracy and portability of LAMP, which could be applied to COVID-19 diagnostics and future public-health outbreaks.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a versatile electrophoretic technique that can be used for sample preconcentration, separation, purification, and mixing, and to control and accelerate chemical reactions. Although the basic technique is nearly a century old and widely used, there is a persistent need for an easily approachable, succinct, and rigorous review of ITP theory and analysis. This is important because the interest and adoption of the technique has grown over the last two decades, especially with its implementation in microfluidics and integration with on-chip chemical and biochemical assays. We here provide a review of ITP theory starting from physicochemical first-principles, including conservation of species, conservation of current, approximation of charge neutrality, pH equilibrium of weak electrolytes, and so-called regulating functions that govern transport dynamics, with a strong emphasis on steady and unsteady transport. We combine these generally applicable (to all types of ITP) theoretical discussions with applications of ITP in the field of microfluidic systems, particularly on-chip biochemical analyses. Our discussion includes principles that govern the ITP focusing of weak and strong electrolytes; ITP dynamics in peak and plateau modes; a review of simulation tools, experimental tools, and detection methods; applications of ITP for on-chip separations and trace analyte manipulation; and design considerations and challenges for microfluidic ITP systems. We conclude with remarks on possible future research directions. The intent of this review is to help make ITP analysis and design principles more accessible to the scientific and engineering communities and to provide a rigorous basis for the increased adoption of ITP in microfluidics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Ramachandran
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Juan G Santiago
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sullivan BP, Chou YS, Bender AT, Martin CD, Kaputa ZG, March H, Song M, Posner JD. Quantitative isothermal amplification on paper membranes using amplification nucleation site analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2352-2363. [PMID: 35548880 PMCID: PMC9202034 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative nucleic acid amplification tests (qNAATs) are critical in treating infectious diseases, such as in HIV viral load monitoring or SARS-CoV-2 testing, in which viral load indicates viral suppression or infectivity. Quantitative PCR is the gold standard tool for qNAATs; however, there is a need to develop point-of-care (POC) qNAATs to manage infectious diseases in outpatient clinics, low- and middle-income countries, and the home. Isothermal amplification methods are an emerging tool for POC NAATs as an alternative to traditional PCR-based workflows. Previous works have focused on relating isothermal amplification bulk fluorescence signals to input copies of target nucleic acids for sample quantification with limited success. In this work, we show that recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) reactions on paper membranes exhibit discrete fluorescent amplification nucleation sites. We demonstrate that the number of nucleation sites can be used to quantify HIV-1 DNA and viral RNA in less than 20 minutes. An image-analysis algorithm quantifies nucleation sites and determines the input nucleic acid copies in the range of 67-3000 copies per reaction. We demonstrate a mobile phone-based system for image capture and onboard processing, illustrating that this method may be used at the point-of-care for qNAATs with minimal instrumentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Sullivan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Stevens Way, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98195, Washington, USA.
| | - Yu-Shan Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew T Bender
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Stevens Way, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98195, Washington, USA.
| | - Coleman D Martin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zoe G Kaputa
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hugh March
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Minyung Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Stevens Way, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98195, Washington, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Posner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Stevens Way, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98195, Washington, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Futai N, Fukazawa Y, Kashiwagi T, Tamaki S, Sakai R, Hogan CA, Murugesan K, Ramachandran A, Banaei N, Santiago JG. A modular and reconfigurable open-channel gated device for the electrokinetic extraction of cell-free DNA assays. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1200:339435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
19
|
Maurya R, Bhattacharjee G, Gohil N, Lam NL, Alzahrani KJ, Singh V. Design and fabrication of microfluidics devices for molecular biology applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:1-8. [PMID: 35094772 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, microfluidics has emerged as a rapidly growing area with potential to reduce cost and reagent consumption. It has been used for detection of nucleic acids and high-throughput screening of cells and metabolites. It is extensively used for extraction of DNA, RNA, proteins, biomolecules, as well as for cloning and transformation of plasmid into cells. Microfluidics is made up of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer which is transparent and is used for preparation of a wide range of devices and systems. In this chapter, we discuss advances and challenges of using microfluidics in molecular biology and its biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Maurya
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Gargi Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Nisarg Gohil
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Navya L Lam
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Verma N, Prajapati P, Singh V, Pandya A. An introduction to microfluidics and their applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 186:1-14. [PMID: 35033280 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, microfluidics and lab-on-chip are rapidly growing area. It has been used for number of biology to biotechnology and medicine applications. It has the potential to reduce cost of reagent and time of experiment. It has been used integrated with automation for extraction and detection of protein, nucleic acids, enzymes, metabolites and delivery of drug to target location. It has been used for drug discovery, high throughput screening of potent drug and used for delivery. Paper based microfluidics was used for point-of-care diagnosis for accurate treatment of diseases. In this chapter, we highlight advances of microfluidics devices for number of biological and translational science applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Verma
- Department of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Parth Prajapati
- Department of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Pandya
- Department of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bae MJ, Lee YM, Choi YS, Lee E, Le MT, Duc Nguyen TH, Lee D, Cho J, Han HS, Park NJY, Chong GO. Simple Electric Device to Isolate Nucleic Acids from Whole Blood Optimized for Point of Care Testing of Brain Damage. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:333-343. [PMID: 36056832 PMCID: PMC10009893 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220903105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection or monitoring of brain damage is a clinically crucial issue. Nucleic acids in the whole blood can be used as biomarkers for brain injury. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which is one of the most commonly used molecular diagnostic assays requires isolated nucleic acids to initiate amplification. Currently used nucleic acid isolation procedures are complicated and require laboratory equipments. OBJECTIVE In this study, we tried to develop a simple and convenient method to isolate nucleic acids from the whole blood sample using a tiny battery-powered electric device. The quality of the isolated nucleic acids should be suitable for PCR assay without extra preparation. METHODS A plastic device with separation chamber was designed and printed with a 3D printer. Two platinum electrodes were placed on both sides and a battery was used to supply the electricity. To choose the optimal nucleic acid isolation condition, diverse lysis buffers and separation buffers were evaluated, and the duration and voltage of the electricity were tested. Western blot analysis and PCR assay were used to determine the quality of the separated nucleic acids. RESULTS 2ul of whole blood was applied to the cathode side of the separation chamber containing 78 ul of normal saline. When the electricity at 5 V was applied for 5 min, nucleic acids were separated from segment 1 to 3 of the separation chamber. The concentration of nucleic acids peaked around 7~8 mm from cathode side. PCR assay using the separation buffer as the template was performed successfully both in conventional and realtime PCR methods. The hemoglobin in the whole blood did not show the inhibitory effect in our separation system and it may be due to structural modification of hemoglobin during electric separation. CONCLUSION Our simple electric device can separate nucleic acids from the whole blood sample by applying electricity at 5 V for 5 min. The separation buffer solution taken from the device can be used for PCR assay successfully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Bae
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Young Mi Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Ye Seul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Eunmi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Minh Tan Le
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Thi Hong Duc Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Donghyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Junghwan Cho
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Hyung Soo Han
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea.,BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Nora Jee-Young Park
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Gun Oh Chong
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bui LM, Thi Thu Phung H, Ho Thi TT, Singh V, Maurya R, Khambhati K, Wu CC, Uddin MJ, Trung DM, Chu DT. Recent findings and applications of biomedical engineering for COVID-19 diagnosis: a critical review. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8594-8613. [PMID: 34607509 PMCID: PMC8806999 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1987821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is one of the most severe global health crises that humanity has ever faced. Researchers have restlessly focused on developing solutions for monitoring and tracing the viral culprit, SARS-CoV-2, as vital steps to break the chain of infection. Even though biomedical engineering (BME) is considered a rising field of medical sciences, it has demonstrated its pivotal role in nurturing the maturation of COVID-19 diagnostic technologies. Within a very short period of time, BME research applied to COVID-19 diagnosis has advanced with ever-increasing knowledge and inventions, especially in adapting available virus detection technologies into clinical practice and exploiting the power of interdisciplinary research to design novel diagnostic tools or improve the detection efficiency. To assist the development of BME in COVID-19 diagnosis, this review highlights the most recent diagnostic approaches and evaluates the potential of each research direction in the context of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Bui
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Huong Thi Thu Phung
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Tien Ho Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Rupesh Maurya
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Khushal Khambhati
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Minh Trung
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ng HY, Lee WC, Kung CT, Li LC, Lee CT, Fu LM. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Devices for Contamination Detection and Quality Inspection of Milk. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:558. [PMID: 34068982 PMCID: PMC8156775 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Milk is a necessity for human life. However, it is susceptible to contamination and adulteration. Microfluidic analysis devices have attracted significant attention for the high-throughput quality inspection and contaminant analysis of milk samples in recent years. This review describes the major proposals presented in the literature for the pretreatment, contaminant detection, and quality inspection of milk samples using microfluidic lab-on-a-chip and lab-on-paper platforms in the past five years. The review focuses on the sample separation, sample extraction, and sample preconcentration/amplification steps of the pretreatment process and the determination of aflatoxins, antibiotics, drugs, melamine, and foodborne pathogens in the detection process. Recent proposals for the general quality inspection of milk samples, including the viscosity and presence of adulteration, are also discussed. The review concludes with a brief perspective on the challenges facing the future development of microfluidic devices for the analysis of milk samples in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwee-Yeong Ng
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Lung-Chih Li
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Lung-Ming Fu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang JY, Bender AT, Boyle DS, Drain PK, Posner JD. Current state of commercial point-of-care nucleic acid tests for infectious diseases. Analyst 2021; 146:2449-2462. [PMID: 33899053 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01988g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has put the spotlight on the urgent need for integrated nucleic acid tests (NATs) for infectious diseases, especially those that can be used near patient ("point-of-care", POC), with rapid results and low cost, but without sacrificing sensitivity or specificity of gold standard PCR tests. In the US, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments Certificate of Waiver (CLIA-waiver) is mandated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and designated to any laboratory testing with high simplicity and low risk for error, suitable for application in the POC. Since the first issuance of CLIA-waiver to Abbot's ID NOW Influenza A&B in 2015, many more NAT systems have been developed, received the CLIA-waiver in the US or World Health Organization (WHO)'s pre-qualification, and deployed to the front line of infectious disease detection. This review highlights the regulatory process for FDA and WHO in evaluating these NATs and the technology innovation of existing CLIA-waived systems. Understanding the technical advancement and challenges, unmet needs, and the trends of commercialization facilitated through the regulatory processes will help pave the foundation for future development and technology transfer from research to the market place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Y Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|