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Zhang J, Chen X, Han L, Ma B, Tian M, Bai C, Zhang Y. Research Progress in Traditional Applications, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Safety Evaluation of Cynomorium songaricum. Molecules 2024; 29:941. [PMID: 38474452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. (CSR) belongs to the family Cynomoriaceae. It is a perennial succulent parasitic herb with a reddish-brown coloration, predominantly submerged in sand and lacking chlorophyll. Traditionally, it has been used in ethnic medicine to treat various diseases, such as gastric ulcers, indigestion, bowel movements, and improving sexual function. To comprehensively collect CSR data, extensive literature searches were conducted using medical, ecological, and scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). This article summarizes and categorizes research on the uses, phytochemical characteristics, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of ethnic medicine, with the aim of establishing a solid foundation and proposing new avenues for exploring and developing potential applications of CSR. So far, a total of 98 compounds have been isolated and identified from CSR, including flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, and other compounds. It is worth noting that flavonoids and polysaccharides have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, these compounds also show good application prospects in anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-diabetes, and other aspects. Although extensive progress has been made in the basic research of CSR, further research is still needed to enhance the understanding of its mechanism of action and explore more unknown compounds. Our review indicates that CSR has broad prospects and deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xingyi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Biao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Mengting Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Changcai Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
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Tian CY, Yang QH, Lv HZ, Yue F, Zhou FF. Combined untargeted and targeted lipidomics approaches reveal potential biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus cynomolgus monkeys. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12688. [PMID: 38083989 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significantly increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over the last few decades triggers the demands of T2DM animal models to explore the pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy of the disease. The altered lipid metabolism may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. However, the characterization of molecular lipid species in fasting serum related to T2DM cynomolgus monkeys is still underrecognized. METHODS Untargeted and targeted LC-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS-based lipidomics approaches were applied to characterize and compare the fasting serum lipidomic profiles of T2DM cynomolgus monkeys and the healthy controls. RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that 196 and 64 lipid molecules differentially expressed in serum samples using untargeted and targeted lipidomics as the comparison between the disease group and healthy group, respectively. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of differential serum lipid metabolites obtained by untargeted and targeted lipidomics approaches, four common serum lipid species (phosphatidylcholine [18:0_22:4], lysophosphatidylcholine [14:0], phosphatidylethanolamine [PE] [16:1_18:2], and PE [18:0_22:4]) were identified as potential biomarkers and all of which were found to be downregulated. By analyzing the metabolic pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism was associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM cynomolgus monkeys. CONCLUSION The study found that four downregulated serum lipid species could serve as novel potential biomarkers of T2DM cynomolgus monkeys. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was filtered out as the potential therapeutic target pathway of T2DM progression. Our results showed that the identified biomarkers may offer a novel tool for tracking disease progression and response to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yang Tian
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Hai-Zhou Lv
- Hainan Jingang Biotech Co., Ltd, Haikou, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fei-Fan Zhou
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Yang MH, Yang Y, Zhou X, Chen HG. Advances in polysaccharides of natural source of anti-diabetes effect and mechanism. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:101. [PMID: 38217792 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes is a chronic disease in metabolic disorder, and the pathology is characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretion disorder in blood. In current, many studies have revealed that polysaccharides extracted from natural sources with significant anti-diabetic effects. Natural polysaccharides can ameliorate diabetes through different action mechanisms. All these polysaccharides are expected to have an important role in the clinic. METHODS Existing polysaccharides for the treatment of diabetes are reviewed, and the mechanism of polysaccharides in the treatment of diabetes and its structural characteristics are described in detail. RESULTS This article introduced the natural polysaccharide through different mechanisms of action in the treatment of diabetes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory response and regulation of intestinal bacteria. Natural polysaccharides can treat of diabetes by regulating signaling pathways is also a research hotspot. In addition, the structural characteristics of polysaccharides were explored. There are some structure-activity relationships between natural polysaccharides and the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Hua-Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Li J, Zhang H, Ouyang H, Xu W, Sun Y, Zhong Y, Wang L, Huang J, Chen J, Li M, Zhu W, Liu Y, Liu R. Pueraria thomsonii Radix Water Extract Alleviate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in db/db Mice through Comprehensive Regulation of Metabolism and Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2023; 28:7471. [PMID: 38005193 PMCID: PMC10673130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly prevalent and serious health problem. Its onset is typically associated with metabolic disorders and disturbances in the gut microbiota. Previous studies have reported the anti-T2DM effects of Pueraria thomsonii Radix as a functional food. However, the mechanism of action is still unknown. In this study, rich polyphenols and polysaccharides from Pueraria Thomsonii Radix water extract (PTR) were quantitatively determined, and then the effects of PTR on db/db mice were evaluated by pharmacology, metabolomics, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that PTR could alleviate pancreatic tissue damage, significantly decrease fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), urinary glucose (UGLU), and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR). Metabolomics showed that the Diabetes Control (DM) group produced 109 differential metabolites, of which 74 could be regulated by PTR. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed in fecal samples and results showed that PTR could reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B) ratio and regulate three beneficial bacteria and one harmful bacterium. In conclusion, the results showed that PTR could ameliorate the T2DM symptoms, metabolic disorder, and gut microbiota imbalance of db/db mice, and it was superior to metformin in some aspects. We suggested for the first time that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may be involved in the regulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGB) and thus affects the metabolic disorders associated with T2DM. This study will provide a scientific basis for the development of functional food with PTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China; (J.L.); (H.O.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (J.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China;
| | - Hui Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China; (J.L.); (H.O.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (J.C.); (M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Weixin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China; (J.L.); (H.O.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (J.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Youbao Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China; (J.L.); (H.O.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (J.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Lifang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China; (J.L.); (H.O.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (J.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China; (J.L.); (H.O.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (J.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Junchang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China; (J.L.); (H.O.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (J.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingyao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China; (J.L.); (H.O.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (J.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China;
| | - Yuhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China; (J.L.); (H.O.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (J.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Ronghua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, China; (J.L.); (H.O.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (J.C.); (M.L.)
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Li L, Li Y, Wang P. Regulatory Effects Mediated by Enteromorpha prolifera Polysaccharide and Its Zn(II) Complex on Hypoglycemic Activity in High-Sugar High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Foods 2023; 12:2854. [PMID: 37569125 PMCID: PMC10417851 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate and develop functional foods of marine origin with hypoglycemic activity, Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide-Zn(II) (EZ) complex was first prepared by marine resourced E. prolifera polysaccharide (EP) and ZnSO4 and their anti-diabetes activities against high-sugar and high-fat-induced diabetic mice were evaluated. The detailed structural characterization of EZ was elucidated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and monosaccharide composition determination. The pharmacological research suggests that EZ has a potent hypoglycemic effect on high-sugar and high-fat-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting insulin resistance, improving dyslipidemia, decreasing inflammatory status, repairing pancreas damage, as well as activating the IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and regulating GLUT2 gene expression. At the same time, microbiota analysis indicates that a high dose of EZ could enhance the abundance of dominant species, such as Staphylococcaceae, Planococcaceae, Muribaculaceae, Aerococcaceae, and Lacrobacillaceae, in intestinal microbiota distribution. Thus, EZ could be considered as a potential candidate for developing an ingredient of functional foods for Zn(II) supplements with hypoglycemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Li
- Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China;
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Food Science and Engineering College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Peng Wang
- Food Science and Engineering College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
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Dai Z, Chen L, Pan K, Zhao X, Xu W, Du J, Xing C. Multi-omics Analysis of the Role of PHGDH in Colon Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338221145994. [PMID: 36707056 PMCID: PMC9896097 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221145994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Serine metabolism is essential for tumor cells. Endogenous serine arises from de novo synthesis pathways. As the rate-limiting enzyme of this pathway, PHGDH is highly expressed in a variety of tumors including colon cancer. Therefore, targeted inhibition of PHGDH is an important strategy for anti-tumor therapy research. However, the specific gene expression and metabolic pathways regulated by PHGDH in colon cancer are still unclear. Our study was aimed to clarified the role of PHGDH in serine metabolism in colon cancer to provide new knowledge for in-depth understanding of serine metabolism and PHGDH function in colon cancer. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the gene expression and metabolic remodeling process of colon cancer cells (SW620) after targeted inhibition of PHGDH by gene transcriptomics and metabolomics. LC-MS analysis was performed in 293T cells to PHGDH gene transcription and protein post-translational modification under depriving exogenous serine. Results: We found that amino acid transporters, amino acid metabolism, lipid synthesis related pathways compensation and other processes are involved in the response process after PHGDH inhibition. And ATF4 mediated the transcriptional expression of PHGDH under exogenous serine deficiency conditions. While LC-MS analysis of post-translational modification revealed that PHGDH produced changes in acetylation sites after serine deprivation that the K289 site was lost, and a new acetylation site K21was produced. Conclusion: Our study performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis by inhibiting PHGDH, thus clarifying the role of PHGDH in gene transcription and metabolism in colon cancer cells. The mechanism of high PHGDH expression in colon cancer cells and the acetylation modification that occurs in PHGDH protein were also clarified by serine deprivation. In our study, the role of PHGDH in serine metabolism in colon cancer was clarified by multi-omics analysis to provide new knowledge for in-depth understanding of serine metabolism and PHGDH function in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University, Suzhou, China,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University
School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - KaiLing Pan
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University
School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - XiaoYa Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine,
Medical
School of Nanjing University, Nanjing,
Jiangsu Province, China
| | - WenXia Xu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University
School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - JinLin Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China,JinLin Du, Department of Colorectal
Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,
Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China.
Chungen Xing, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of
Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University, Suzhou, China
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Chi MH, Chao J, Ko CY, Huang SS. An Ethnopharmaceutical Study on the Hypolipidemic Formulae in Taiwan Issued by Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900693. [PMID: 36188612 PMCID: PMC9520573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, approximately one-third of ischemic heart diseases are due to hyperlipidemia, which has been shown to cause various metabolic disorders. This study was aimed to disassemble and analyze hypolipidemic formulae sold by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pharmacies. Using commonly used statistical parameters in ethnopharmacology, we identified the core drug combination of the hypolipidemic formulae, thereby exploring the strategy by which the Taiwanese people select hypolipidemic drugs. Most important of all, we preserved the inherited knowledge of TCM. We visited 116 TCM pharmacies in Taiwan and collected 91 TCM formulae. The formulae were mainly disassembled by macroscopical identification, and the medicinal materials with a relative frequency of citation (RFC) >0.2 were defined as commonly used medicinal materials. Subsequently, we sorted the information of medicinal materials recorded in the Pharmacopeia, searched for modern pharmacological research on commonly used medicinal materials using PubMed database, and visualized data based on the statistical results. Finally, the core hypolipidemic medicinal materials used in folk medicine were obtained. Of the 91 TCM formulae collected in this study, 80 traditional Chinese medicinal materials were used, belonging to 43 families, predominantly Lamiaceae. Roots were the most commonly used part as a medicinal material. There were 17 commonly used medicinal materials. Based on medicinal records in Pharmacopeia, most flavors and properties were warm and pungent, the majority traditional effects were “tonifying and replenishing” and “blood-regulating.” Besides, the targeted diseases searching from modern pharmacological studies were diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The core medicinal materials consisted of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, and the core formulae were Bu-Yang-Huan-Wu-Tang and Xie-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang. In addition, 7 groups of folk misused medicinal materials were found. Although these TCMs have been used for a long period of time, their hypolipidemic mechanisms remain unclear, and further studies are needed to validate their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Han Chi
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chao
- Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, Chinese Medicine Research Center, Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Ko
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shyh-Shyun Huang,
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Xiao M, Jia X, Wang N, Kang J, Hu X, Goff HD, Cui SW, Ding H, Guo Q. Therapeutic potential of non-starch polysaccharides on type 2 diabetes: from hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1177-1210. [PMID: 36036965 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) have been reported to exert therapeutic potential on managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Various mechanisms have been proposed; however, several studies have not considered the correlations between the anti-T2DM activity of NSPs and their molecular structure. Moreover, the current understanding of the role of NSPs in T2DM treatment is mainly based on in vitro and in vivo data, and more human clinical trials are required to verify the actual efficacy in treating T2DM. The related anti-T2DM mechanisms of NSPs, including regulating insulin action, promoting glucose metabolism and regulating postprandial blood glucose level, anti-inflammatory and regulating gut microbiota (GM), are reviewed. The structure-function relationships are summarized, and the relationships between NSPs structure and anti-T2DM activity from clinical trials are highlighted. The development of anti-T2DM medication or dietary supplements of NSPs could be promoted with an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects in the treatment/intervention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering & Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Chen L, Dai Z, Ge C, Huang D, Zhou X, Pan K, Xu W, Fu J, lin Du J. Specific Metabolic Response of Patient-derived Organoids to Curcumin of Colorectal Cancer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1203:123260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Transcriptomics Reveals Host-Dependent Differences of Polysaccharides Biosynthesis in Cynomorium songaricum. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010044. [PMID: 35011276 PMCID: PMC8746405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynomorium songaricum is a root holoparasitic herb that is mainly hosted in the roots of Nitraria roborowskii and Nitraria sibirica distributed in the arid desert and saline-alkaline regions. The stem of C. songaricum is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine and applied in anti-viral, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes, which largely rely on the bioactive components including: polysaccharides, flavonoids and triterpenes. Although the differences in growth characteristics of C. songaricum between N. roborowskii and N. sibirica have been reported, the difference of the two hosts on growth and polysaccharides biosynthesis in C. songaricum as well as regulation mechanism are not limited. Here, the physiological characteristics and transcriptome of C. songaricum host in N. roborowskii (CR) and N. sibirica (CS) were conducted. The results showed that the fresh weight, soluble sugar content and antioxidant capacity on a per stem basis exhibited a 3.3-, 3.0- and 2.1-fold increase in CR compared to CS. A total of 16,921 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in CR versus CS, with 2573 characterized genes, 1725 up-regulated and 848 down-regulated. Based on biological functions, 50 DEGs were associated with polysaccharides and starch metabolism as well as their transport. The expression levels of the selected 37 genes were validated by qRT-PCR and almost consistent with their Reads Per kb per Million values. These findings would provide useful references for improving the yield and quality of C. songaricum.
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